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句子基本结构和成分1句子基本句型英语基本句型分为五种：主谓SV、主谓宾SVO、主系表SLP、主谓双宾SVOO、主谓宾宾补SVOC。
五种句型概述：句型主语谓语/系动词宾语/表语备注主谓SV Everybody laughed.主系表SLP She is a teacher.主谓宾SVO I love you.主谓双宾SVOO David asked me a question.其中‘me’和‘a question’两个宾语。
主谓宾宾补SVOC They painted the wall white.其中，white 为宾补修饰宾语the wall。
1.1主谓句型（Subject Predicate Verb-SV）1.1.1解析主谓句型与主谓宾句型最大的区别在于谓语动词的及物与不及物。
英语把及物动词叫做 transitive verb,不及物动词叫做intransitive verb.”transitive”在英语中是传递的意思，所以，如果动词表示的动作可以直接传递到某个事物，则称为及物动词，反之称为不及物动词。
及物动词与不及物动词又可以称为外动作词和内动作词。
外动作词是动作涉及或（达到）别的事物的动词，内动作词是动作凝于或止于主体本身的动词。
1.1.2基本结构：主语+不及物动词1.1.3主语可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy)，主格代词(如you)，数词，动词不定式，动名词等。
主语一般在句首。
注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家。
1.1.4谓语谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后，后接宾语。
但谓语可以是不及物动词(vi.)，没有宾语，形成主谓结构。
1.1.5例句分析：（1）The sun is rising. 太阳正在升起。
（2）Tim is sleeping. 蒂姆正在睡觉。
（3）The train is arriving.火车要到站了。
（4）We waited and waited. 我们等了又等。
英语划分句子成分练习题及答案（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如：During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。
英语句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如：During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。
英语句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如：During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。
英语句子成分划分详解（一）主语：就是一个句子陈述的对象，或是动作的执行者。
它回答的是“谁”“什么”的问题。
如：我看书。
谁看书？“我”。
“我”就是这句子的主语。
主语由名词或相当于名词的词充当。
（如动词不定式，动名词，代词都可作主语，主语从句）主语（subject）:句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. （名词）He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book.（主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）谓语：说明主语是什么，干什么，怎么样。
它回答的是主语“干什么，是什么”的问题。
如上句中主语“我”干什么？“看书”。
“看书”就是谓语。
一个句子，一般都可分成主、谓两大部分（祈使句是省主句）。
再细分又可分成谓语（动词）、宾语，表语，补语（包括宾补和主补），定语，状语，同位语等。
如第一例中谓语部分可划分成谓语（看）和宾语（书）。
谓语部分中心词一定要是一个动词，要么是行为动词，要么是系动词，不同的动词构成不同的句子类型。
句子的各种时态、人称和数的变化都在谓语动词上变。
谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English.He is asleep.宾语：指谓语动词所涉及的对象，由名、代、数，宾语从句等相当于名词的词句充当，但人称代词要用宾格。
如：还说上例。
谓语动词是“看”，看什么？看“书”，“书”是动词“看”所涉及的对象，是“看”的宾语。
需要说明的是：只有及物动词和介词或相当于及物动词和介词的短语才可带宾语。
（英语）初中必备英语句子结构与成分技巧全解及练习题(含答案)及解析一、句子结构与成分1．'My father bought me a new watch yesterday.' It is a structure of_________.A. S+V+PB. S+V+IO+DOC. S+V+DO+COD. S+V+DO【答案】 B【解析】【分析】句意：昨天我爸给我买了一块新手表。
它是S+V+IO+DO结构。
My father （主语S）+bought（谓语V）+me（间接宾语ID）+a new watch（直接宾语DO），故选B。
【点评】考查句结构和成分。
注意识记S+V+IO+DO结构的用法。
2．Which of the following sentences is correct?A. He came in and sat down.B. We all like <Harry Potter>.C. When we met. He didn't say hello.D. We went out, headed for the bus stop.【答案】 A【解析】【分析】句意：下面那个句子是正确的。
A是简单句，came和sat是并列谓语，都是一般过去式，所以A正确。
B中的符号不符合英语习惯，在英语中没有书名号，表示书名时通常用斜体字形式。
C句的标点符号是错误的，把met后的句号改为逗号才符合复合句的定义。
D句中headed前应加上and或者将headed改为heading构成伴随状语。
因此选A。
【点评】考查句法知识。
3．John calls his dog Eddie. The structure of the sentence is _______.A. S+V+OB. S+V+PC. S+V+IO+DOD. S+V+DO+OC【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：约翰叫他的狗Eddie.这个句子的结构是_____________.根据句子可知这个句子的结构是：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。
英语句子成分定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主语：句子的主体Students study English.Smoking is bad for health.What he has said is true. 从句做主语（主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It是形式主语，从句that...tree才是真正主语）（主语从句）练习：划出句中主语The sun rises in the east.Twenty years is a short time in history.The poor are now living in the shelter.Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.What he needs is a book.谓语：动词或者动词词组1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如：Students study English2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如：He can speak English. He has caught a bad cold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。
如：We are students.练习：选出下列句子中的谓语I don't like the picture on the wall.I usually go to school by bus.Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.What I want to tell you is this.We had better send for a doctor.He is interested in music.He can speak English well.表语：系动词后面的成分名词作表语I am a student. My father is a teacher.形容词作表语This table is long. You look young. It gets cold. It sounds interesting.副词作表语Everyone is here.介词短语作表语They are in the park.不定式作表语My job is to teach them English.动名词作表语Her job is training the nurses.从句作表语（表语从句）That is why he didn’t come to school yesterday.系动词：(1) 状态: be 动词(2) 持续：表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep,remain,stay,rest,lie,stand.(3) 表像：表示“看起来好像”,主要有seem,appear,look(4) 感官：表示“……起来”,有feel（摸起来,感觉）,smell（闻起来）,sound（听起来）,taste （尝起来,吃起来）等(5) 变化：表示主语变成什么样,主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run(6) 终止：主要有prove, turn out（结果是,证明是）等.如：His story proved false.他讲的情况原来是假的.My intuition turned out to be correct.我的直觉证明是对的.练习：划出句中表语The speech is exciting.They seem to know the truth.Time is precious.I’m tired today.That remains a puzzle.I don’t feel sad.That’s why he came here.宾语：动作承受者名/代词作宾语He never forgives others. He often helps me.不定式作宾语He likes to sleep in the open air.动名词作宾语The Americans enjoyed living in China.从句做宾语（宾语从句）I believe that they can finish the work in time.We found it necessary to study English.（it形式宾语，to do是真正宾语）宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语. 直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.Please pass me the book. （me是间接宾语，the book是直接宾语）练习：划出句中宾语Show your passport, please.She didn't say anything.How many do you want? - I want two.They sent the injured to hospital.They asked to see my passport.I enjoy working with you.Did you write down what he said?I succeeded in passing the exam.宾语补足语：有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整，否则就不完整。
英语划分句子成分句式练习题及答案英语句子成分一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如：During the 1990s。
American country music has XXX.（名词）We often XXX.（代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）XXX.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如：Hepractices runningevery morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如：XXX.（2）由系动词加表语构成。
如：Wearestudents.（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be。
e。
get,look。
grow。
turn。
seem等）之后。
表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。
英语句子成分定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主语：句子的主体Students study English.Smoking is bad for health.What he has said is true. 从句做主语（主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It是形式主语，从句that...tree才是真正主语）（主语从句）练习：划出句中主语The sun rises in the east.Twenty years is a short time in history.The poor are now living in the shelter.Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.What he needs is a book.谓语：动词或者动词词组1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如：Students study English2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如：He can speak English. He has caught a bad cold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。
如：We are students.练习：选出下列句子中的谓语I don't like the picture on the wall.I usually go to school by bus.Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.What I want to tell you is this.We had better send for a doctor.He is interested in music.He can speak English well.表语：系动词后面的成分名词作表语I am a student. My father is a teacher.形容词作表语This table is long. You look young. It gets cold. It sounds interesting.副词作表语Everyone is here.介词短语作表语They are in the park.不定式作表语My job is to teach them English.动名词作表语Her job is training the nurses.从句作表语（表语从句）That is why he didn’t come to school yesterday.系动词：(1) 状态: be 动词(2) 持续：表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep,remain,stay,rest,lie,stand.(3) 表像：表示“看起来好像”,主要有seem,appear,look(4) 感官：表示“……起来”,有feel（摸起来,感觉）,smell（闻起来）,sound（听起来）,taste （尝起来,吃起来）等(5) 变化：表示主语变成什么样,主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run(6) 终止：主要有prove, turn out（结果是,证明是）等.如：His story proved false.他讲的情况原来是假的.My intuition turned out to be correct.我的直觉证明是对的.练习：划出句中表语The speech is exciting.They seem to know the truth.Time is precious.I’m tired today.That remains a puzzle.I don’t feel sad.That’s why he came here.宾语：动作承受者名/代词作宾语He never forgives others. He often helps me.不定式作宾语He likes to sleep in the open air.动名词作宾语The Americans enjoyed living in China.从句做宾语（宾语从句）I believe that they can finish the work in time.We found it necessary to study English.（it形式宾语，to do是真正宾语）宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语. 直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.Please pass me the book. （me是间接宾语，the book是直接宾语）练习：划出句中宾语Show your passport, please.She didn't say anything.How many do you want? - I want two.They sent the injured to hospital.They asked to see my passport.I enjoy working with you.Did you write down what he said?I succeeded in passing the exam.宾语补足语：有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整，否则就不完整。
宾补主要用来说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足。
I found the book interesting.I make my students intertested in my class.She asked me to lend her a hand.We made him monitor in our class.We found him in trouble now.We found it necessary to study English.（it形式宾语，to do是真正宾语necessary是宾补）练习：划出句中宾补She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.He asks her to take the boy out of school.She find it difficult to do the work.They call me Lily sometimes.I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.注：直接宾语和宾补的区分：前面宾语和宾补有主谓逻辑关系，而间接宾语和直接宾语没有主谓逻辑关系，例如1.We made him monitor in our class. 我们选他做我们班的班长。
（宾语him与monitor是主谓关系He is monitor他是班长，所以这里monitor是宾补）2.He bought his girlfriend some flowers. 他买给他女朋友一些花。
（宾语his girlfriend与someflowers没有逻辑关系，不能说“他女朋友是花”所以some flowers是直接宾语）定语：用来修饰名词或代词的成分形容词作定语The black bike is mine.代词作定语What’s your name?名词作定语They made some paper flowers.介词短语作定语The boys in the room are in Class Three, Grade One.不定式作短语I have lots of homework to do从句作定语（定语从句）The tall boy who is standing there is Peter.练习：划出句中定语He is a clever boy.There are 54 students in our class.Do you know Betty’s sister?.There is a sleeping baby in bed.His spoken language is good.The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now?同位语：当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时,一个成分用来说明或解释另一个成分。
下面例句中黑体和横线部分互为同位语。
其中前项与后项所指内容相同, 句法功能（即在句中作主谓宾等成分）也相同，并常常紧挨在一起。
We have two children, a boy and a girl. 我们有两个孩子, 一男一女。
（都在句中作宾语）We young people should respect the old. 我们年轻人应该尊敬老人。
（都在句中作主语）They all wanted to see him. 他们都想见他. （都在句中作主语）Let’s you and me go to work, Oliver. 咱们俩去工作吧. （都在句中作主语）Are you two ready?你们俩准备好了吗? （都在句中作主语）The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.明天放假的消息不确. （都在句中作主语）（同位语从句）练习：找出句中互为同位语的成分，并指出它们在句中的句法功能Mrs.Brown, John's mother is a kind lady.Word came that her husband was killed in an accident.I am sorry to hear the news that his grandfather is dead.状语: 按用途可分为时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随等(1). 时间状语Shall we do the shopping today ?(2). 地点状语There are plenty of fish in the sea.(3). 原因状语I eat potatoes because I like them.(4). 结果状语She spoke so softly that I couldn’t hear what she said.(5). 目的状语In order to get into a good school, I must study even harder.(6). 条件状语If he were to come, what should we say to him?(7). 让步状语He helped me although he didn’t know me.(8). 程度状语The lecture is very interesting.(9). 伴随状语My train starts at six, arriving at Chicago at 10.练习：划出句中状语① There was a big smile on her face.② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.④ The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off句子成分划分课后巩固练习题1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. His job is to train swimmers.5. He took many photos in Beijing.6. His wish is to become a scientist.7. He told me that his brother is a world-famous doctor.8. He found it important to master English.9. He sat there, reading a newspaper.10. The apples tasted sweet.11. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.12. I love you．13. Trees turn green when spring comes.14. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.15. Lily is cleaning the desk now.16. Her garden is the best in our town17. We heard her singing a song.18. I like this book very much.19. The girl on the blue bike is Jane’s sister.20. She didn’t come to my party because she was ill.21. Wang Ping does his homework carefully.22. We will go to the Children’s Palace once a week.23. They are in the classroom.24. We enjoy listening to the music.25. I see her dance.26. We always go to school early.27. I always find her happy28. The children bought their parents a car29. He likes to play basketball.30. Yesterday I talked to my English teacher, Mr.James.随堂练习参考答案：主语：The sun rises in the east.Twenty years is a short time in history.The poor are now living in the shelter.Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.What he needs is a book.谓语：I don't like the picture on the wall.I usually go to school by bus.Tom didn't do his homework yesterday. What I want to tell you is this.We had better send for a doctor.He is interested in music.He can speak English well.表语：The speech is exciting.They seem to know the truth.Time is precious.I’m tired today.That remains a puzzle.I don’t feel sad.That’s why he came here.宾语：Show your passport, please.She didn't say anything.How many do you want? - I want two. They sent the injured to hospital. They asked to see my passport.I enjoy working with you.Did you write down what he said?I succeeded in passing the exam.宾补：She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asks her to take the boy out of school.She find it difficult to do the work.They call me Lily sometimes.I saw Mr.Wang get on the bus.定语：He is a clever boy.There are 54 students in our class.Do you know Betty’s sister?There is a sleeping baby in bed.His spoken language is good.The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now?同位语：Mrs.Brown, John's mother is a kind lady. （主语）Word came that her husband was killed in an accident.（主语）I am sorry to hear the news that his grandfather is dead. （宾语）状语：There was a big smile on her face.Every night he heard the noise upstairs.He began to learn English when he was eleven.The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.课后练习参考答案：1.主谓定宾2.主谓间宾直宾3.主谓定宾时状4.定主系表（系动词+表语=谓语）5.主谓宾地状6.定主系表7.主谓间宾直宾（宾语从句）8.主谓形式宾语宾补真正的宾语（To master English is important“掌握英语很重要”有逻辑关系，所以是宾补）9.主谓地状伴随状语10.主系表11.定主谓间宾直宾12.主谓宾13.主系表时间状语（从句）14.主谓间宾定直宾时状15.主谓宾时状16.定主系表地状17.主谓宾宾补（She was singing a song.“她在唱歌”有逻辑关系）18.主谓宾状19.主定系定表20.主谓宾原因状语（从句）21.主谓宾状22.主谓定宾时状23.主系表24.主谓宾25.主谓宾宾补（She is dancing.“她在跳舞”有逻辑关系）26.主状谓宾时状27.主状谓宾宾补（She is happy.“她很高兴”有逻辑关系）28.主谓定间宾直宾29.主谓宾30.时状主谓定定宾同。
