中学生百科英语讲义

U2 - How? Why?: Lesson 2 - Why Do People Laugh?Do you laugh every day? Most people do. Scientists say that people laugh about 17 times a day. That is a lot of laughter.In India, there are hundreds of laughter clubs. The people in these clubs get together every morning. First they stretch their hands above their heads. Then they pretend to laugh. Soon everyone is laughing naturally.People say they feel good after laughing together.Scientists believe that laughter is good for you. Why? For one thing, laughter is good exercise. When you laugh, you exercise many muscles in your body. Scientists say that one hundred laughs equals ten minutes of running. When you laugh, you also breathe deeply. This helps you relax. That's good for you, too.Why do we laugh? That is a hard question to answer. We know that people laugh more often in a group. They don't laugh very often when they are alone. Many scientists believe that we use laughter to connect to other people. Laughter helps us feel part of a group.In English, people say that laughter is the best medicine. Some think that laughter helps sick people get well. Do you think so, too? (194 words)中学生百科英语1-第二单元How? Why? 1。

U1-Animal : Lesson 3 - The Polar BearThe polar bear is a very big white bear. We call it the polar bear because it lives inside the Arctic Circle near the North Pole. There are no polar bears at the South Pole.The polar bear lives in the snow and ice. At the North Pole, there is only snow, ice, and water. There is not any land. People cannot see the polar bear in the snow very well because its coat is yellow-white. It has a very warm coat because the weather is cold north of the Arctic Circle.This bear is three meters long, and it weighs 450 kilos (kilograms). It can stand up on its back legs because it has very wide feet. It can use its front legs like arms. The polar bear can swim very well. It can swim 120 kilometers out into the water. It catches fish and sea animals for food. It goes into the sea when it is afraid.Some people want to kill the polar bear for its beautiful white coat. The governments of the United States and Russia say that no one can kill polar bears now. They do not want all of these beautiful animals to die.(200 words)中学生百科英语1-第一单元Animal 1。

Unit one Lesson one: The kiwi第一单元，第一课：无翼鸟The kiwi lives only in NewZealand. It is very strange bird .Because it can not kiwi is the same size as a has no wings or does not have feathers like other feathers look like foot has four 's beak is very long. A kiwi likes to have a lot of trees around it. It sleeps during the sunlight hurts its can smell things very smells things better than most birds kiwis eggs are very big.There're only a few kiwis in New Zealand now. People do not often see them. The government says that people can not kill kiwis. New Zealanders want their kiwis to is a picture of a kiwi in New Zealand money. People from New Zealand sometimes called "kiwis".无翼鸟住在新西兰，它是一只很奇怪的鸟，因为，它不会飞，无翼鸟跟小鸡的大小相同，它没有翅膀，也没有尾巴，它没有像别的鸟一样的尾巴，它的羽毛看起来很像头发，每只脚都有4个脚指头，它的嘴巴很长。

无翼鸟喜欢周围有很多树。

它白天睡觉，因为，阳光会伤害它的眼睛。

Unit 4 MusicLesson 1 Music and BehaviorWhere did you go yesterday? Did you hear music at any of those places? There is a good chance that you did. Today most stores and restaurants play music. You might even hear music in an office or on a farm.Scientists believe that music affects the way people behave. According to some scientists, the sound of western classical music (Mozart and Bach) makes people feel richer. When a restaurant plays classical music, people spend more money on food and drinks. When the restaurant plays modern music, people spend less money. With no background music, people spend even less.Scientists also believe that loud, fast music makes people eat faster. People actually chew their food faster when the music gets faster. Some restaurants play fast music during their busy hours. This gets people to eat faster and leave quickly. Restaurants can make more money this way.Some scientists think that music makes you think and learn better. They say that music helps students to be more alert. It is true that people learn better when they are relaxed. And listening to music can help you relax.The next time you hear music somewhere, be careful. It might change the way you behave. (202words)Vocabulary①Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.1. Studies also show that _______________, fast music makes people eat faster.2. You might even hear music in an _________________ or on a farm.3. The next time you hear music somewhere, be ______________.4. According to some scientists, the sound of western _____________ music (Mozart and Bach) makes people feel richer.5. Did you hear ______________ at any of these places?6. When a restaurant plays classical music, people ___________ more money on food and drinks.7. With no _________________ music, people spend even less.8. People actually _______________ their food faster when the music gets faster.9. Scientists believe that music ______________ the way people ______________.10. It ______________ change the way you behave.②Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in the text.1. You should _______________ your food well. You don't want to get a stomachache.2. Her ____________ is very small. There is only a desk and a chair in it3. The children can't go to the movies this week because they didn't ___________ well at school.4. We couldn't study because there was a loud noise in the ______________.5. What is your favorite kind of ______________?6. You should be _________ when you drive your car.7. _____________________music can hurt your ears.8. Laughter can ________________ your feelings. Usually it makes you feel better.9. She ___________ ￡100 on a new dress.10. He ___________ get there in time, but I can't be sure.单词默写：1. 影响2. 表现3. 据（…所说）4. 古典的5. 花费金钱/时间在…上6. 背景7. 喧闹的; 大声的8. 咀嚼；嚼碎9. 音乐10.警觉的；警惕的11. 在某处；到某处12.可能翻译句子:1.我通常花半个小时做英语作业。

中学生百科英语1-U4-L1-MusicandBehaviorUnit 4 MusicLesson 1 Music and BehaviorWhere did you go yesterday? Did you hear music at any of those places? There is a good chance that you did. Today most stores and restaurants play music. You might even hear music in an office or on a farm.Scientists believe that music affects the way people behave. According to some scientists, the sound of western classical music (Mozart and Bach) makes people feel richer. When a restaurant plays classical music, people spend more money on food and drinks. When the restaurant plays modern music, people spend less money. With no background music, people spend even less.Scientists also believe that loud, fast music makes people eat faster. People actually chew their food faster when the music gets faster. Some restaurants play fast music during their busy hours. This gets people to eat faster and leave quickly. Restaurants can make more money this way.Some scientists think that music makes you think and learn better. They say that music helps students to be more alert. It is true that people learn better when they are relaxed. And listening to music can help you relax.The next time you hear music somewhere, be careful. It might change the way you behave. (202words)Vocabulary①Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.1. Studies also show that _______________, fast music makes people eat faster.2. You might even hear music in an _________________ or on a farm.3. The next time you hear music somewhere, be ______________.4. According to some scientists, the sound of western _____________ music (Mozart and Bach) makes people feel richer.5. Did you hear ______________ at any of these places?6. When a restaurant plays classical music, people ___________ more money on food and drinks.7. With no _________________ music, people spend even less.8. People actually _______________ their food faster when the music gets faster.9. Scientists believe that music ______________ the way people ______________.10. It ______________ change the way you behave.②Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in the text.1. You should _______________ your food well. You don't want to get a stomachache.2. Her ____________ is very small. There is only a desk and a chair in it3. The children can't go to the movies this week because they didn't ___________ well at school.4. We couldn't study because there was a loud noise in the ______________.5. What is your favorite kind of ______________?6. You should be _________ when you drive your car.7. _____________________music can hurt your ears.8. Laughter can ________________ your feelings. Usually it makes you feel better.9. She ___________ ￡100 on a new dress.10. He ___________ get there in time, but I can't be sure.单词默写：1. 影响2. 表现3. 据（…所说）4. 古典的5. 花费金钱/时间在…上6. 背景7. 喧闹的; 大声的8. 咀嚼；嚼碎9. 音乐10.警觉的；警惕的11. 在某处；到某处12.可能翻译句子:1.我通常花半个小时做英语作业。

中学生百科英语1Unit7Lesson2第一篇：中学生百科英语1 Unit7 Lesson2A Giraffe in Central AsiaTamerlane(1336?—1405)was a very strong Mongol leader.He and his soldiers fought until Tamerlane became the ruler of all Central Asia.Rulers of other countries wanted to make friends with Tamerlane.It was safer to be friends than enemies.Ambassadors from many countries took gifts to Tamerlane.They took beautiful cloth, jewelry, gold and silver.They often tried to take something unusual as a gift, too.In 1404, near the end of Tamerlane’s life, an Egyptian ambassador arrived in Samarkand.This was where Tamerlane lived.The ambassador and his men traveled on horses and camels.They brought a giraffe from Africa as a gift.Egyptian camels and horses were used to walking on the desert.They did it all the time.A giraffe is not used to the desert.But this giraffe walked 5000 kilometers from Cairo to Samarkand.We know about the Egyptian ambassador’s gift because several people wrote about it.No one wrote that Tamerlane liked it.However, we suppose that he was very pleased to have this strange African animal in Central Asia.第二篇：中学生百科英语第三-四篇翻译第三篇世界各地的人们都吃水稻。

U3 - Plants: Lesson 5 - The Coffee PlantHow many cups of coffee did you drink yesterday? Where did the coffee come from? There is a good chance that your coffee came from one of these countries: Brazil, Colombia, Indonesia, Ivory Coast, or Ethiopia. These five countries produce most of the coffee in the world today. Brazil produces about half of the world's crop of coffee beans.The coffee plant is really a small tree with shiny leaves. A coffee plant grows for about three years before it produces any fruit. After that, it produces fruit for about 40 years. The coffee bean is the seed of the fruit.It's difficult to pick coffee beans. Machines can't do it well, so people pick most of the coffee beans by hand. Workers typically pick between 20 and 40 pounds of coffee beans a day.The old way to grow coffee plants is under large trees. The trees protect the coffee plant from the sun. The trees are also home to many kinds of birds. On many modern farms, however, farmers cut down the trees. They grow the coffee plants under the sun. Large farms can produce more coffee this way. Unfortunately, the coffee plants on these farms need more water and more fertilizer. And without the trees, the birds don't have a place to live. (216 words)中学生百科英语1-第三单元Plants第1页共1页。

U3 - Plants: Lesson 2 - The Water HyacinthThe water hyacint h grows in tropical countries. It has beautiful purple-blue flowers, but everybody hates it. Why?Millions and millions of these plants grow in rivers and lakes. Sometimes the plants become so thick that people can walk on them. People cannot travel in boats on the water, and they cannot fish in it. The plants stop the water from moving. Then the water carries diseases. Farmers cannot use the water on their land.Now scientists think that water hyacinths can be useful. The plants are really a free crop. No one has to take care of them. They just grow and grow and grow. What can farmers use them for?Some fish like to eat them. Farmers can grow these fish in the lakes and rivers.Workers can collect and cut the plants with machines. Then they can make fertilizer to make their crops grow better. They can also make feed for their farm animals.Maybe it will be possible to make methane gas (CH) for energy. (We burn gas from petroleum for energy. Methane gas can be made from plants.) Then poor tropical countries will not have to buy so much expensive petroleum. Maybe in the future people will love the water hyacinth instead of hating it. (209 words)中学生百科英语1-第三单元Plants第1页共1页。

U1-Animal : Lesson 2 - The CamelThe camel can go without water for a long time.Some people think it stores water in its hump. This is not true. It stores food in its hump. The camel's body changes the food into fat. Then the fat is stored in the hump. A camel cannot store the fat all over its body.Fat all over an animal's body keeps the animal warm.Camels live in the desert. They do not want to be warm during the day.The desert is very hot. The camel gets hotter and hotter during the day. It stores this heat in its body because the nights are cool.The Arabian camel has one hump. The Bactrian camel of Central Asia has two humps. It also has long, thick hair, because the winters are cold in Central Asia.There is a lot of sand in the desert. The camel has long eyelashes. The eyelashes keep the sand out of the camel's eyes.Arabic has about 150 words to describe a camel.Many people who speak Arabic need all these words because the camel is very important to them.(185 words)中学生百科英语1-第一单元Animal 1。

中学生百科英语1-U2-L1-WhyDoWeYawnU2 - How? Why?: Lesson 1 - Why Do We Yawn?Bears yawn. Camels yawn. Most mammals yawn. Why do we yawn? No one really knows the answer.We do know that everyone yawns in the same way. First you open your mouth slowly. Your mouth stays open for about five seconds. Then you quickly close your mouth.We also know that yawning is contagious, or catching. When you see someone yawn, you yawn, too. Many people say that they yawn because they are bored or tired. This might be true. However, we know that people also yawn when they are excited or nervous. Olympic runners, for example, often yawn before a race. Why is that?Some scientists believe that yawning makes you more alert. When you yawn, you breathe more deeply. You also stretch the muscles in your face and neck. Maybe this makes you feel more alert.Scientists don't spend much time studying yawning. That is probably because yawning doesn't hurt. It is just something we do. (158 words)中学生百科英语1-第二单元How? Why? 1。

Unit 4 MusicLesson 2 Blues and JazzPeople from Europe and America brought Africans to America as slaves before and during the nineteenth century. These Africans brought their music with them. After the American Civil War (1861-1865), the African American people in the United States were not slaves. Their African American music became famous. It started in the South, in Louisiana and Mississippi. Then it traveled to the North. This music became the blues and then jazz.Blues and jazz became very popula r in the twentieth century. A person who "sings the blues" feels sad. Usually he or she lost something-a person, or maybe money or a job. Blues songs express sad feelings, sometimes in a funny way. People played the blues first with only one or two instruments, for example, a guitar, a harmonica, or sometimes a piano. Sometimes they sang without any instruments. Some famous blues musicians and singers are Bessie Smith, John Lee Hooker, and BB King, BB King named his guitar “Lucille”.Jazz came soon after blues. Composers added more music musical instruments. Jazz can be happier than the blues and is often faster. Some famous jazz musicians are Duke Ellington, Louis Armstrong, Miles Davis, and Wynton Marsalis.Musicians who play blues and jazz change the music to express their feelings. They play the music differently each time. People all over the world still like to listen to blues and jazz.(230 words)➢Read paragraph 1 and answer the following questions:1.When did people from Europe and America brought Africans to America as slaves?2.When did African American music become famous?3.Where did African American music travel?➢Read paragraph 2&3 and fill in the chart.Vocabulary①Put the right cord in each blank. The sentences are from the text.1. This music became _____________ and then ______________.2. People from Europe and America brought Africans to America as _____________ before and during the nineteenth ___________.3. Blues and jazz became very ______________ in the 20th century.4. People played blues first with only one or two _____________, for example, a __________, a ______________ or sometimes a _____________.5. Blues songs _______________ sad feelings, sometimes in a funny way.6. ______________ ______________ more musical instruments②Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in the text.1. There are one hundred years in a ____________.2. You play the __________ and the ___________ with your hands but not your mouth.3. You play the _________ with your mouth and hands.4. Can you __________ these numbers? 456+142 +862=?5. Some people ___________ their feelings by crying or laughing.6. Mozart ___________ classical music.7. John Lee Hooker sings the _____________, and Wynton Marsalis plays ______________.8. The piano is a musical _____________.9. The dolphin is a __________ animal at an aquarium.10. _____________worked on American farms in the nineteenth century.单词默写:翻译句子:1. 朗读是一种受欢迎的学习英语方式。

Unit 4 MusicLesson 3 Rock and RollRock and roll came from jazz and the blues during the 1950s. One of the first rock and roll songs was Bill Haley's "Rock Around the Clock. "One of the first very famous rock and roll singers was Elvis Presley. Others were Buddy Holly and Chuck Berry. Now almost every country has many rock and roll bands and singers. Sometimes performers call their music by different names, like "rap" or "punk. " They sing and play mixtures of rock and roll and talking or other sounds. Rap and punk both came from rock and roll, or rock music.Some fans who like rock music think that classical music is boring. Many fans play rock music very loudly. They forget about the people who enjoy soft music. Loud music can make these people nervous. Many fans also like to dance to rock and roll.When rock and roll was new, people had only records to play the music at home. After that, people used cassette tapes and records. Now we listen to music on compact discs (often called CDS). Most modern bands and singers pay companies to make videos of their songs. With videos, fans can see the performers at the same time that they listen to the music. Making recording and the video that goes with it is very expensive. (220 words)➢Read the passage and answer the following questions:1.Where did rock and roll come from?2.What was the name of the first rock and roll song?3.Who was Elvis Presley?4.What kind of music is “rap” or “punk”?5.What are the differences between rock & roll and classical music?➢Fill in the chart to show the development of how people enjoy rock and roll.Vocabulary①Put the right word in each blank. The sentences are from the text.1. Most modern bands and singers pay _________ to make videos of their songs.2. Some __________ who like rock music think that classical music is boring3. They forget about the people who enjoy ________ music.4. Loud music can make these people ___________.5. Now almost every country has many rock and roll ___________and singers.6. When rock and roll was new, People had only __________ to play the music at home.7. Now we listen to music on ___________.8. Sometimes _____________ call their music by different names, like “rap” or “punk”.9. They sing and play _____________ of rock and roll and talking or other sounds.②Put the right word in each blank. These are new sentences for words in the text.1. Hot chocolate is a _________ of chocolate, sugar, and milk.2. Ahmed works for a large ____________ in Riyadh.3. Elvis Presley was a wonderful ____________________.4. Students are usually _________________ before a big test.5. Loud music is not good for our ears, but ____________ music is okay.6. Are you a ________ of rock and roll or classical music?7. A large ________ play at Laura’s wedding.8. ____________ are more expensive than tapes.9. People listened to music from ________ only at home, not in their cars.单词默写:翻译句子:1. 他的脚在松软的泥土上留下印记。

U1-Animal : Lesson5 - The DolphinCan dolphins talk? Maybe they can't talk with words, but they talk with sounds. They show their feelings with sounds.Dolphins travel in a group. We call a group of fish a "school." They don't study, but they travel together. Dolphins are mammals, not fish, but they swim together in a school.Dolphins talk to the other dolphins in the school. They give information. They tell when they are happy or sad or afraid. They say "Welcome" when a dolphin comes back to the school. They talk when they play.They make a few sounds above water. They make many more sounds under water. People cannot hear these sounds because the sounds are very, very high. Scientists make tapes of the sounds and study them.Sometimes people catch dolphins for a large aquarium. (An aquarium is a zoo for fish.) People can watch the dolphins in a show. Dolphins don't like to be away from their school in an aquarium. They are sad and lonely.There are many stories about dolphins. They help people. Sometimes they save somebody's life. Dolphin meat is good, but people don't like to kill them. They say that dolphins bring good luck. Many people believe this. (201 words)中学生百科英语1-第一单元Animal 1。

中学生百科英语1-U1-L4U1-Animal : Lesson 4 - The HippopotamusThe hippopotamus, or hippo, lives in the hot part of Africa. It is a mammal. That is, its babies are born alive, and they drink milk from the mother's body.The hippopotamus is a large animal. It weighs four tons. Its stomach is seven meters long, and it eats only plants. It is a mammal, but it spends a lot of time in the water.During the day, it sleeps beside a river or a lake. Sometimes it wakes up. Then it goes under the water to get some plants for food. It can close its nose and stay under water for ten minutes. Its ears, eyes, and nose are high up on its head. It can stay with its body under the water and only its ears, eyes, and nose above the water.Then it can breathe the air.At night, the hippo walks on the land and looks for food. It never goes very far from the water.A baby hippo often stands on its mother's back. The mother looks for food underwater. The baby rides on her back above the water. (184 words)中学生百科英语1-第一单元Animal 1。

中学生百科英语第一册Unit 1: Introduction to English1.1 The AlphabetThe English alphabet consists of 26 letters. These letters are divided into two categories: vowels and consonants. Vowels are the letters A, E, I, O, and U. Consonants are all the other letters.1.2 VowelsVowels are important in English because they are the sounds that give words their meaning. For example, the word "cat" has three letters: C, A, and T. The vowel "A" is what makes the word "cat" different from the word "cot" or "cut."1.3 ConsonantsConsonants are the letters that are not vowels. They are important because they help us to pronounce words correctly. For example, the word "dog" has three letters: D, O, and G. The consonants "D" and "G" are what make the word "dog" different from the word "dog" or "dot."1.4 Pronunciation1.5 Simple PhrasesUnit 2: Greetings and Introductions2.1 Greetings2.2 Introductions2.3 Responding to GreetingsWhen someone greets you, it is important to respond politely. You can simply say, "Hello" or "Hi" back. If someone says "Good morning," you can respond with "Good morning" as well. It is also polite to ask how the other person is doing, saying, "How are you?" or "How's it going?"2.4 FarewellsIn conclusion, this unit focuses on greetings and introductions in English. We have learned different ways to greet someone, how to introduce ourselves and others, and how to respond to greetings. By the end of this unit, you will be able to greet and introduce yourself in English, as well as respond to greetings in a polite manner.Unit 3: Basic Grammar3.1 Nouns3.2 VerbsA verb is a word that expresses an action, occurrence, or state of being. For example, "run," "eat," "sleep," and "be" are all verbs. Verbs can be categorized as action verbs (e.g., "run") or state verbs (e.g., "be").3.3 Pronouns3.4 AdjectivesAn adjective is a word that describes a noun or pronoun. For example, "big," "happy," "blue," and "beautiful" are alladjectives. Adjectives add detail and description to sentences, making them more vivid and interesting.3.5 AdverbsAn adverb is a word that describes a verb, adjective, or another adverb. For example, "quickly," "happily," "very," and "always" are all adverbs. Adverbs provide additional information about how, when, where, or to what extent an action is performed.3.6 Sentences。

中学生百科英语1第五单元lesson2 Unit 5 Lesson 2: Healthy LivingIn Unit 5 Lesson 2 of Middle School Encyclopedia English 1, we will be exploring the topic of healthy living. Living a healthy lifestyle is essential for our overall well-being and can have a positive impact on our physical and mental health. In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of maintaining a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, and practicing good hygiene habits.1. Healthy DietEating a balanced diet is crucial for maintaining good health.A healthy diet should include a variety of foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and dairy products. It is important to avoid eating too much junk food, sugary drinks, and processed foods. These foods are high in calories, sugar, and unhealthy fats, which can lead to weight gain and increase the risk of developing chronic diseases such as diabetes and heart disease. Instead, focus on eating nutrient-dense foods that provide your body with essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.2. Regular ExerciseRegular physical activity is also key to staying healthy. Exercise helps to strengthen your muscles, improve your cardiovascular health, and boost your mood. Aim to get at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise each day, such as walking, jogging, swimming, or biking. You can also try activities like dancing, yoga, or playing sports to keep things interesting. Find activities that you enjoy and make them a regular part of your routine to stay fit and healthy.3. Good Hygiene HabitsPracticing good hygiene habits is important for preventing the spread of germs and keeping yourself and others healthy. Make sure to wash your hands frequently with soap and water, especially before eating or after using the bathroom. Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your elbow when sneezing or coughing to prevent the spread of germs. Keep your living space clean and tidy to reduce the risk of infections. Remember to brush your teeth twice a day, floss regularly, and visit the dentist for check-ups to maintain good oral hygiene.In conclusion, living a healthy lifestyle is essential for our overall well-being. By maintaining a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, and practicing good hygiene habits, we can improve our physical and mental health and reduce the risk of developingchronic diseases. It is important to make healthy choices a priority in our daily lives and set a good example for others to follow. Let's commit to living a healthy lifestyle and taking care of ourselves to lead a happy and fulfilling life.。

U3 - Plants: Lesson 5 - The Coffee PlantHow many cups of coffee did you drink yesterday? Where did the coffee come from? There is a good chance that your coffee came from one of these countries: Brazil, Colombia, Indonesia, Ivory Coast, or Ethiopia. These five countries produce most of the coffee in the world today. Brazil produces about half of the world's crop of coffee beans.The coffee plant is really a small tree with shiny leaves. A coffee plant grows for about three years before it produces any fruit. After that, it produces fruit for about 40 years. The coffee bean is the seed of the fruit.It's difficult to pick coffee beans. Machines can't do it well, so people pick most of the coffee beans by hand. Workers typically pick between 20 and 40 pounds of coffee beans a day.The old way to grow coffee plants is under large trees. The trees protect the coffee plant from the sun. The trees are also home to many kinds of birds. On many modern farms, however, farmers cut down the trees. They grow the coffee plants under the sun. Large farms can produce more coffee this way. Unfortunately, the coffee plants on these farms need more water and more fertilizer. And without the trees, the birds don't have a place to live. (216 words)中学生百科英语1-第三单元Plants第1页共1页。