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Faster than ever before, the human world is becoming an urban world. By the millions they come, the ambitious and the down-trodden of the world drawn by the strange magnetism of urban __46___. For centuries the progress of civilization has been _47____ by the rigid growth of cities. Now the world is __48___ to pass a milestone: more people will live in urban areas than in the countryside.Explosive population growth_ 49____ a torrent of migration from the countryside are creating cities that dwarf the great capitals of the past. By the __50___ of the century, there will be fifty-one “megacities” with populations of ten million or more. Of these, eighteen will be in __51___ countries, including some of the poorest nations in the world. Mexico City already __52___ twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, __53___ of Africa's cities are growing by 10% a year, the swiftest __54___ of urbanization ever recorded.Is the trend good or bad? Can the cities cope? No one knows __55___. Without question, urbanization has produced __56___ so ghastly that they are difficult to comprehend. In Cairo, children who __57___ might be in kindergarten can be found digging through clots of ox waste, looking for ___58__ kernels of corn to eat. Young, homeless thieves in Papua New Guinea's Port Moresby may not __59___ their last names or the names of the villages where they were born. In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies __60___ into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers.46. A. way B. life C. area D. people47. A. defined B. estimated C. created D. expected48. A. about B. up C. like D. already49. A. of B. like C. and D. or50. A. change B. wake C. beginning D. turn51. A. developing B. developed C. develop D. development52. A. makes B. has C. comes D. lives53. A. none B. few C. any D. some54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate55. A. for good B. with clarity C. for sure D. in doubt56. A. miracles B. miseries C. mysteries D. misunderstandings57. A. elsewhere B. anywhere C. somewhere D. nowhere58. A. unrefined B. undigested C. unpolished D. unspoiled59. A. ask B. find C. have D. know60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D. dropsWhen we think about addiction to drugs or alcohol, we frequently focus on negative aspects, ignoring the pleasures that accompany drinking or drug-taking. 46 the essence of any serious addiction is a pursuit of pleasure, a search for a “high” that normal life does not 47 . It is only the inability to function 48 the addictive substance that is dismaying, the dependence of the organism upon a certain experience and a(n) 49 inability to function normally without it. Thus a person will take two or three 50 at the end of the day not merely for the pleasure drinking provi des, but also because he “doesn‟t feel 51 ” without them.52 does not merely pursue a pleasurable experience and need to 53 it in order to function normally. He needs to repeat it again and again. Something about that particular experience makes life without it 54 complete. Other potentially pleasurable experiences are no longer possible, 55 under the spell of the addictive experience, his life is peculiarly 56 . The addict craves an experience and yet he is never really satisfied. The organism may be 57 sated, but soon it begins to crave again.Finally a serious addiction is 58 a harmless pursuit of pleasure by its distinctly destructive elements. A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. 60 an alcoholic‟s life is narrowed and dehumanized by his dependence on alcohol.46. A. Hence B. Because C. And yet D. Moreover47. A. supply B. resume C. accept D. prevent48. A. except B. without C. with D. besides49. A. frustrating B. surprising C. unchanging D. increasing50. A. drugs B. drinks C. doses D. draughts51. A. normal B. content C. delighted D. spirited52. A. A drugtaker B. The addicted C. An addict D. The drugger53. A. perform B. make C. experience D. initiate54. A. other than B. rather than C. more than D. less than55. A. while B. thus C. even if D. for56. A. distorted B. rectified C. exaggerated D. improved57. A. eventually B. temporarily C. accordingly D. subsequently58. A. identical with B. consistent with C. separated from D.distinguished from59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative60. A. Similarly B. Conversely C. Naturally D. GenerallyAt least since the Industrial Revolution, gender roles have been in a state of transition. As a result, cultural scripts about marriage have undergone change. One of the more obvious 46 has occurred in the roles that women 47 . Women have moved into the world of work and have become adept at meeting expectations in that arena, 48 maintaining their family roles of nurturing and creating a(n) 49 that is a haven for all family members. 50 many women experience strain from trying to “do it all,” they often enjoy the increased 51 that can result from playing multiple roles. As women‟s roles have changed, changing expectations about men‟s roles have become more 52 . Many men are relinquishing their major responsibility 53 the family provider. Probably the most significant change in men‟s roles, however, is in the emotional 54 of family life. Men are increasingly 55 to meet the emotional needs of their families, 56 their wives.In fact, expectations about the emotional domain of marriage have become more significant for marriage in general. Research on 57 marriage has changed over recent decades points to the increasing importance of the emotional side of the relatio nship, and the importance of sharing in the “emotion work”58 to nourish marriages and other family relationships. Men and women want to experience marriages that are interdependent, 59 both partners nurture each other, attend and respond to each other, and encourage and promote each other. We are thus seeing marriages in which men‟s and women‟s roles are becoming increasingly more 60 .46. A. incidents B. changes C. results D.effects47. A. take B. do C.play D. show48. A. by B. while C.hence D. thus49. A.home B. garden C. arena D. paradise50. A. When B.Even though C. Since D. Nevertheless51. A.rewards B. profits C. privileges D. incomes52. A. general B. acceptable C. popular D.apparent53. A.as B. of C. from D. for54. A. section B. constituent C.domain D. point55. A. encouraged B. expected C. advised D. predicted56. A. not to mention B. as well as C. including D.especially57. A.how B. what C. why D. if58. A. but B. only C. enough D.necessary59. A. unless B. although C.where D. because60. A. pleasant B. important C.similar D. manageableCLOZE TEST (15 minutes, 15 points)Assuming that a constant travel-time budget, geographic constraints and short-term infrastructure constraints persist as fundamental features of global mobility, what long-term results can one expect? In high-income regions, 41 North America, our picture suggests that the share of traffic 42 supplied by buses and automobiles will decline as high-speed transport rises sharply. In developing countries, we 43 the strongest increase to be in the shares first for buses and later for automobiles. Globally, these 44 in bus and automobile transport are partially offsetting. In all regions, the share of low-speed rail transport will probably continue its strongly 45 decline.We expect that throughout the period 1990-2050, the 46 North American will continue to devote most of his or her 1.1-hour travel-time 47 to automobile travel. The very large demand 48 air travel (or high-speed rail travel) that will be manifest in 2050 49 to only 12 minutes per person a day; a little time goes a long way in the air. In several developing regions, most travel 50 in 2050 will still be devoted to nonmotorized modes. Buses will persist 51 the primary form of motorized transportation in developing countries for decades. 52 important air travel becomes, buses, automobiles and 53 low-speed trains will surely go on serving vital functions. 54 of the super-rich already commute and shop in aircraft, but average people will continue to spend most of their travel time on the 55 .41. A. frankly B. exceptionally C. unfortunately D. notably42. A. volume B. body C. measure D. funds43. A. admire B. assure C. assert D. anticipate44. A. outcomes B. trends C. declines D. impacts45. A. inherent B. evident C. large-scale D. hidden46. A. general B. common C. local D. average47. A. profit B. cost C. budget D. facility48. A. in B. of C. at D. for49. A. works out B. leaves out C. runs out D. puts out50. A. time B. desire C. agency D. means51. A. to B. as C. with D. over52. A. Despite the fact B. Whatever it isC. No matter howD. Whether or not53. A. plus B. including C. even D. as well as54. A. Few B. All C. None D. Some55. A. mountain B. ground C. sky D. landCLOZE TEST (15 minutes, 15 points)It is appropriate on an anniversary of the founding of a university to remind ourselves of its purposes. It is equally appropriate at such time for students to 41 why they have been chosen to attend and to consider how they can best 42 the privilege of attending.At the least you as students can hope to become 43 in subject matter which may be useful to you in later life. There is, 44 , much more to be gained. It is now that you must learn to exercise your mind sufficiently 45 learning becomes a joy and you thereby become a student for life. 46 this may require an effort of will and a period of self-discipline. Certainly it is not 47 without hard work. Teachers can guide and encourage you, but learning is not done passively. To learn is your 48 .There is 49 the trained mind satisfaction to be derived from exploring the ideas of others, mastering them and evaluating them. But there is 50 level of inquiry which I hope that some of you will choose. If your study takes you to the 51 of understanding of a subject and, you have reached so far, you find that you can penetrate to 52 no one has been before, you experience an exhilaration which can‟t be denied and which commits you to a life of research.Commitment to a life of scholarship or research is 53 many other laudable goals. It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even 54 other facets of life prove disappointing. I strongly 55 it.41. A. count B. reflect C. depend D. comment42. A. benefit from B. take over C. apply for D. go through43. A. efficient B. excellent C. professional D. proficient44. A. however B. therefore C. indeed D. after all45. A. if B. because C. so that D. before46. A. Of late B. Consequently C. Afterwards D. At first47. A. acquired B. accomplished C. approached D. assured48. A. ambition B. conscience C. responsibility D. challenge49. A. to B. on C. in D. by50. A. any B. one C. another D. no51. A. ends B. limits C. borders D. edges52.A. elsewhere B. what C. whichever D. where53. A. compatible with B. responsible forC. followed byD. relevant to54. A. shall B. will C. would D. should55. A. declare B. recommend C. advise D. contendCLOZE TEST (15 minutes, 15 points)The process by means of which human beings arbitrarily make certain things stand for other things may be called the symbolic process.Everywhere we turn, we see the symbolic process at work. There are 41 things men do or want to do, possess or want to possess, that have not a symbolic value.Almost all fashionable clothes are 42 symbolic, so is food. We 43 our furniture to serve 44 _ visible symbols of our taste, wealth, and social position. We often choose our houses _45 the basis of a feeling that it “looks well” to have a “good address.” We trade perfectly good cars in for 46 _ models not always to get better transportation, but to give 47 to the community that we can _ 48 _ it.Such complicated and apparently 49 behavior leads philosophers to ask over and over again, “why can‟t human beings 50 simply and naturally.” Often the complexity of human life makes us look enviously at the relative 51 of such lives as dogs and cats. Simply, the fact that symbolic process makes complexity possible is no 52 for wanting to 53 to a cat-and-dog existence. A better solution is to understand the symbolic process 54 instead of being its slaves we become, to some degree at least, its 55 _.41. A. many B. some C. few D. enough42. A. highly B. nearly C. merely D. likely43. A. make B. get C. possess D. select44. A. of B. for C. as D. with45. A. on B. to C. at D. for46. A. earlier B. later C. former D. latter47. A. suggestion B. surprise C. explanation D. evidence48. A. use B. afford C. ride D. find49. A. useless B. impossible C. inappropriate D. unnecessary50. A. live B. work C. stay D. behave51. A. passivity B. activity C. simplicity D. complexity52. A. meaning B. reason C. time D. doubt53. A. lead B. devote C. proceed D. return54. A. so that B. in that C. considering that D. by reason that55. A. teachers B. students C. masters D. servantsCLOZE TEST (15 minutes, 15 points)Since moving pictures were invented a century ago, a new way of distributing entertainment to consumers has emerged about once every generation. Each such 41 has changed the industry irreversibly; each has been 42 by a period of fear mixed with exhilaration. The 43 of digital technology, which translates music, pictures and text into the zeros and ones of computer language, marks one of those 44 .This may sound familiar, because the digital revolution, 45 the explosion of choice that would go 46 it, has been shown for some time. In 1992, John Malone, chief executive of TCI, an American cable giant, welcomed the “500-channel universe.” Digital television was about to deliver 47 except pizzas to people‟s living rooms. When the entertainment companies 48 out the technology, it worked fine—but not at a price 49 people were prepared to pay.Those 500 channels eventually arrived but via the Internet and the PC 50 than through television. The digital revolution was starting to affect the entertainment business in 51 ways. Eventually it will change every aspect of it, 52 the way cartoons are made to the way films are screened to the way people buy music. That much is clear. What nobody is sure of is 53 it will affect the economics of the business.New technologies always contain within them both 54 and opportunities. They have the potential both to make the companies in the business a great deal 55, and to sweep them away. Old companies always fear new technology.41. A. innovation B. distribution C. entertainment D. generation42. A. obstructed B. compromised C. accompanied D. signaled43. A. horizon B. discovery C. origin D. arrival44. A. languages B. periods C. technologies D. mixtures45. A. and B. although C. but D. unless46. A. with B. over C. through D. beyond47. A. something B. nothing C. one thing D. everything48. A. sorted B. worked C. tried D. figured49. A. since B. when C. for D. that50. A. other B. rather C. more D. less51. A. unexpected B. unseen C. unknown D. unrealistic52. A. in B. from C. for D. by53. A. whether B. why C. when D. how54. A. tendency B. challenge C. threats D. inclinations55. A. richer B. greater C. smaller D. poorerCLOZE TEST (15 minutes, 15 points)Healthy guilt is a warning signal that either something dangerous is about to happen or something has already happened that needs ___21___. A feeling of distress is good when it keeps us from ___22___ our own values. It serves a useful function. Here is a(n) ___23___: If a fire broke out in someone's home ___24___ faulty wiring, he would not be content with ___25___ putting out the fire. ___26___, he would have the house rewired. When we feel guilty about something, we have to make the necessary changes in our character to prevent a ___27___.Unhealthy guilt is a distressful feeling which occurs without reason or persists even after appropriate steps have been taken to deal with a situation. A person with ___28___ self-esteem may react to feelings of guilt in one of two ways: ___29___ that he has done wrong in order to protect his fragile ego; or experience the feeling as a ___30___ that he is just an unworthy person. An example involves the case of Mr. L. He has a ___31___ with Mr. Y and exchanges angry words. Later that day, Mr. Y gets sick. Mr. L may feel that he was the ___32___of Mr. Y's misfortune. Mr. L feels unwarranted guilt for the misfortune and thinks that his angry feelings caused the misfortune. This is irrational thinking and is ___33___ of pathological guilt.When people do research on a particular challenge and make a decision, the decision may ___34___ unfavorable consequences. Feeling distress and pain is normal. However, feeling guilty over the idea that you caused the consequences is unhealthy. As long as a decision is made with proper advice and with good intent, then the person remains morally right ___35___ having made the decision. There is no reason for guilt.21. A. connection B. correction C. recovery D. repetition22. A. underestimating B. displaying C. violating D. deteriorating23. A. hypothesis B. definition C. experiment D. analogy24. A. due to B. but for C. with D. under25. A. devotedly B. primarily C. timely D. merely26. A. Therefore B. Rather C. Anyway D. Consequently27. A. distress B. renewal C. conflict D. recurrence28. A. low B. exalted C. sincere D. much29. A. Imply B. Admit C. Deny D. Argue30. A. prescription B. communication C. confirmation D. perception31. A. contact B. disagreement C. relationship D. concern32. A. cause B. origin C. cure D. witness33. A. record B. proof C. evidence D. description34. A. attach to B. turn to C. lead to D. take to35. A. at B. in C. as D. forCLOZE TEST (15 minutes, 15 points)To its fans, it is addictive. To the media, it is a promising money-maker. Sudoku, an old puzzle long popular in Japan is fast __21__ popularity the world over. In Britain, a sudoku book is a bestseller and national newspapers are competing __22__ to publish the most, and the most fiendish, puzzles. __23__, the puzzle is being published in newspapers from Australia to Croatia to America. Even the New York Times is considering introducing sudoku in its Sunday magazine, __24__ its venerated crossword.The game‟s __25__ is that its rules are as simple as its solution is complex. On a board of nine-by-nine __26__ most of them empty, players must fill in each one with a number __27__ each row (left to right), column (top to bottom) and block (in bold lines) __28__ 1 to 9. Advanced __29__ use bigger boards or add letters from the alphabet.Sudoku—the Japane se word combines “number” and “single”—seems perfectly __30__ to modern times, a puzzle for an era when people are more __31 than literate. And like globalism itself, sudoku transcends borders by __32__ no translation.The overall __33__ of puzzles is hard to measure but revenues in America from magazines, syndicated newspaper sales, books, and online and phone services are almost $200m annually. The New York Times earns millions of dollars a year from its crosswords and hundreds of thousands __34__ a special phone service that provides __35__ Over 30,000 people pay $35 a year for the newspaper‟s e-mail version.21. A. missing B. starting C. losing D. gaining22. A. casually B. randomly C. pretentiously D. feverishly23. A. Consequently B. Meanwhile C. Eventually D. Nevertheless24. A. except B. alongside C. aside D. besides25. A. drawback B. imagination C. appeal D. contradiction26. A. points B. cubes C. boxes D. squares27. A. so that B. in that C. by that D. for that28. A. completes B. contains C. counts D. concludes29. A. books B. copies C. rules D. versions30. A. suited B. convertible C. switched D. feasible31. A. literary B. numerous C. numerate D. confused32. A. acquiring B. requiring C. requesting D. enquiring33. A. drawback B. business C. design D. difficulty34. A. from B. of C. with D. by35. A. pins B. codes C. hints D. bookingsThe Greatest Love of All---Whitney Houston*I believe children are our _____, teach them __ l and let them ____ the way,show them all the beauty they ____ inside, give them a sense of ____ to make it ____,let the children's laughter ____ us, how we ____ to be*everybody‟s searching for a ____, people need someone to look ___ to, I never found anyone who _____ my needs, a lonely place to be, so I learned to _____ on me.*I decided long ago, never to walk in anyone's _____,if I ___, if I succeed,at least I live as I ____. No matter what they take ___ me,they can't take away my _____, because the greatest love of all is _____ to me. I found the greatest love of all inside of me, the greatest love of all is easy to ____. Learning to love yourself, it is the greatest love of all. And if by ____, that special place that you've been dreaming of leads you to a _____ place, find your _____ in love.PART II CLOZE TEST (15 minutes, 15 points)Given the choice between spending an evening with friends and taking extra time for his schoolwork, Andy Klise admits he would probably 21 for the latter. It‟s not that he doesn‟t like to have fun; it‟s just that his desi re to excel 22 drives his decision-making process.A 2001 graduate of Wooster High School and now a senior biology major at The College of Wooster, Klise acknowledges that he may someday have 23 thoughts about his decision to limit the time he has spent 24 , but for now, he is comfortable with the choices he has made. "If things had not 25 out as well as they have, I would have had some regrets," says Klise, who was a Phi Beta Kappa inductee as a junior. "But spending the extra time studying has been well worth the 26 . I realized early on that to be successful, I had to make certain 27 ."28 the origin of his intense motivation, Klise notes that it has been part of his makeup for as long as he can remember. "I‟ve always been goal 29 ," he says. "This internal drive has caused me to give my all 30 pretty much everything I do."Klise 31 Wooster‟s nationally recognized Independent Study (I.S.) program with preparing him for his next 32 in life: a research position with the National Institute of Health (NIH). "I am hoping that my I.S. experience will help me 33 a research position with NIH," says Klise. "The yearlong program gives students a chance to work with some of the nation‟s 34 scientists while making the 35 from undergraduate to graduate studies or a career in the medical field."21. A. intend B. prefer C. opt D. search22. A. academically B. professionally C. socially D. technically23. A. different B. certain C. second D. other24. A. entertaining B. socializing C. enjoying D. sporting25. A. developed B. appeared C. occurred D. worked26. A. investment B. reward C. payment D. compensation27. A. devotions B. concessions C. sacrifices D. attempts28. A. Besides B. As for C. Out of D. Despite29. A. directed B. oriented C. conducted D. guided30. A. about B. with C. at D. in31. A. credits B. registers C. selects D. observes32. A. run B. step C. pace D. leap33. A. hold B. occupy C. anchor D. land34. A. leading B. advanced C. nominated D. marvelous35. A. achievement B. transition C. position D. vocationCLOZE TEST (15 minutes, 15 points)The differences between men and women clarify why they have different expectations about communication in marriage. For women, talk___21___ intimacy. Marriage is an orgy (狂欢) of ___22___: you can tell your feelings and thoughts, and still be loved. Women‟s greatest fear is being pushed away. But men live in a hierarchical world, ___23___ talk maintains independence and statue. They are on ___24___ to protect themselves from being put down and pushed around.This ___25___ the paradox of the talkative man who said of his silent wife, “She‟s the talker.”In public settings, he feels challenged to ___26___ his intelligence and display his understanding. But at home, where he has ____27___ to prove and no one to defend against, he is free to remain ___28___. For his wife, being home means she is free from the worry that something she says might ___29___ someone, or spark disagreement, or appear to be showing off; at home she is ___30___ to talk.The communication ___31___ that endanger marriage can‟t be fixed by mechanical engineering. They require a new conceptual framework about the ___32___ of talk in human relationships. Many of the psychological explanations may not be ___33___, because they tend to blame either women (for not being assertive enough) ___34___ men (for not being in touch with their feelings).A sociolinguistic approach in ___35___ male-female conversation is seen as cross-cultural communication allows us to understand the problem and forge solutions without blaming either party.21. A. traces B. creates C. needs D. senses22. A. closeness B. calmness C. toughness D. thoroughness23. A. what B. which C. where D. when24. A. guard B. hand C. duty D. purpose25. A. exposes B. exemplifies C. expresses D. explains26. A. develop B. provide C. conceal D. show27. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything28. A. active B. silent C. talkative D. cooperative29. A. abuse B. offend C. activate D. interrupt30. A. free B. reluctant C. likely D. allowed31. A. puzzles B. problems C. freedom D. shortages32. A. reason B. effect C. role D. origin33. A. helpful B. productive C. conclusive D. significant34. A. not B. and C. nor D. or35. A. what B. which C. who D. whomThere is a closer relationship between morals and architecture and interior decoration __21__ we suspect. Huxley has pointed out that Western ladies did not take frequent baths __22__ they were afraid to see their own naked bodies, and this moral concept delayed the __23__ of the modern white-enameled bathtub for centuries. One can understand __24__ in the design of old Chinese furniture there was so little consideration for human __25__ only when we realize the Confucian atmosphere in which people moved about. Chinese redwood furniture was designed for people to sit __26__ in, because that was the only posture approved by society. Even Chinese emperors had to sit on a(n) __27__ on which I would not think of __28__ for more than five minutes, and for that matter the English kings were just as badly off. Cleopatra went about __29__ on a couch carried by servants, because __30__ she had never heard of Confucius. If Confucius should have seen her doing that, he would certainly have struck her shins with a stick, as he did __31__ one of his old disciples, Yuan Jiang, when the latter was found sitting in an __32__ posture. In the Confucian society in which we lived, gentlemen and ladies had to __33__ themselves perfectly erect, at least on formal __34__, and any sign of putting one‟s leg up would be at once considered a sign of vulgarity and lack of __35__.21. A. for B. than C. as D. that22. A. if B. when C. because D. though23. A. rise B. existence C. occurrence D. increase24. A. what B. where C. how D. why25. A. care B. choice C. concern D. comfort26. A. upright B. tight C. fast D. stiff27. A. armchair B. throne C. altar D. couch28. A. moving B. keeping C. remaining D. lasting29. A. traveling B. staying C. wandering D. reclining30. A. fortunately B. frankly C. accordingly D. apparently31. A. in B. on C. to D. at32. A. irresponsible B. incorrect C. immoral D. imperfect33. A. hold B. sit C. behave D. conduct34. A. conditions B. situations C. occasions D. instances35. A. culture B. confidence C. morality D. modesty。