研究生英语下册第二单元翻译

This is a steady state where as much energy is lost to space as is gained from the sun.
• 翻译：这是一个稳定的状态，在这种状态下，能 量失去的量与从太阳中获得的量相持衡。
• 句型分析： This is a steady state （where as much energy is lost to space as is gained from the sun）.
• 翻译：只要空气中温室气体的量保持不变，并且 只要来自太阳的热量是恒定的，那么一个平衡就 被建立了。
• 句型分析： （As long as the amount of greenhouse gases in the air stays the same）, and（ as long as the amount of heat
略，表示“与...一样也...”
• 翻译：随着温度的升高，海平面也升高，这对我们所 有人都产生了深远的影响。
• 新单词： profound [prə'faund] adj. 深刻的；意义深远的；渊博的 ，造诣深的
Paragraph 2
• (The average air temperature at the surface of
词汇：
1，As long as: 只要； 如果； 既然； 由于 （相关词组）so long as :只要
例句：My mistake won't be discovered as long as nobody tells on me.
2， Equilibrium ： n.平衡，均势； 平静，沉着 同义词：balance, poise, stability等

UNIT 1 PASSAGES OF HUMAN GROWTH (I)1 A person’s life at any given time incorporates both external and internal aspects. The external system is composed of our memberships in the culture: our job, social class, family and social roles, how we present ourselves to and participate in the world. The interior realm concerns the meanings this participation has for each of us. In what ways are our values, goals, and aspirations being invigorated or violated by our present life system? How many parts of our personality can we live out, and what parts are we suppressing? How do we feel about our way of living in the world at any given time?1．一个人在每一特定时期内的生活都是由外部生活和内心生活这两个方面结合而成的。

外部生活是指我们在文明社会中的实际生活（对文明社会中实际活动的参与），其中包括我们的工作、社会地位、家庭生活、（担当的）社会角色、我们如何向社会展现自己，以及如何参与到社会中去等。

内心生活是指我们所参与的种种外部活动对我们个人产生的影响。

例如，我们目前的生活体系是符合我们的价值观、目标和理想呢，还是与之相违背? 我们的个性能在多大程度上得到发挥，还是受到某种程度的压抑? 在每一特定时期，我们对自己的生活方式又有何种感受?2 The inner realm is where the crucial shifts in bedrock begin to throw a person off balance, signaling the necessity to change and move on to a new footing in the next stage of development. These crucial shifts occur throughout life, yet people consistently refuse to recognize that they possess an internal life system. Ask anyone who seems down, “Why are you feeling low?” Most will displace the inner message onto a marker event: “I’ve been down since we moved, since I changed jobs, since my wife went back to graduate school and turned into a damn social worker in sackcloth,” and so on. Probably less than ten percent would say: “There is some unknown disturbance within me, and even though it’s painful, I feel I have to stay with it and ride it out.” Even fewer people would be able to explain that the turbulence they feel may have no external cause. And yet it may not resolve itself for several years.2．正是在人的内心世界这个领域中，一些重大的和基本的转变开始使人失去自我平衡，这就意味着必须进行调整，以步人人生发展的下一个阶段。

研究生英语系列教材综合教程(下)课文翻译Unit 1愉悦舒适不能指引你领略人生的全部，与逆境的艰苦搏斗常常会使人生变得丰富而有意义。

幸福隐藏的另一面凯思琳•麦克高恩1 咫风、房屋失火、癌症、激流漂筏失事、坠机、昏暗小巷遭歹徒袭击，没人想找上这些事儿。

但出人意料的是，很多人发现遭受这样一次痛苦的磨难最终会使他们向好的方面转变。

他们可能都会这样说:“我希望这事没发生，但因为它我变得更完美了。

”2 我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事，可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正的心理学_L的真理，这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中:在最困难的境况中，人所具有的一种内在的奋发向上的能力会进发出来。

对那些令人极度恐慌的经历作出积极回应的并不仅限于最坚强或最勇敢的人。

实际上，大约半数与逆境抗争过的人都说他们的生活从此在某些方面有了改善。

3 诸如此类有关危机改变一生的发现有着可观的研究前景，这正是创伤后成长这一新学科的研究领域。

这一新兴领域已经证实了曾经被视为陈词滥调的一个真理:大难不死，意志弥坚。

创伤后压力绝不是唯一可能的结果。

在遭遇了即使最可怕的经历之后，也只有一小部分成年人会受到长期的心理折磨。

更常见的情况是，人们会恢复过来—甚至最终会成功发达。

4 那些经受住苦难打击的人是有关幸福悖论的生动例证:为了尽可能地过上最好的生活，我们所需要的不仅仅是愉悦的感受。

我们这个时代的人对幸福的追求已经缩小到只追求福气:一生没有烦恼，没有痛苦和困惑。

5 这种对幸福的平淡定义忽略了问题的主要方面—种富有意义的生活所带来的那种丰富、完整的愉悦。

那就是幸福背后隐藏的那种本质—是我们在明智的男男女女身上所欣赏到并渴望在我们自己生活中培育的那种不可言喻的品质。

事实证明，一些遭受苦难最多的人-他们被迫全力应付他们未曾预料到的打击，并重新思考他们生活的意义—或许对那种深刻的、给人以强烈满足感的人生经历(哲学家们过去称之为“美好生活”的探寻)最有发言权。

研究生英语综合教程下册1-5课文及翻译Unit 1 The Hidden Side of Happiness3 This and other promising findings about the life-changing effects of crises are the province of the new science of post-traumatic growth. This fledgling field has already proved the truth of what once passed as bromide: What doesn't kill you can actually make you stronger. Post-traumatic stress is far from the only possible outcome. In the wake of even the most terrifying experiences, only a small proportion of adults become chronically troubled. More commonly, people rebound-or even eventually thrive.诸如此类有关危机改变一生的发现有着可观的研究前景，这正是创伤后成长这一新学科的研究领域。

这一新兴领域已经证实了曾经被视为陈词滥调的一个真理:大难不死，意志弥坚。

创伤后压力绝不是唯一可能的结果。

在遭遇了即使最可怕的经历之后，也只有一小部分成年人会受到长期的心理折磨。

更常见的情况是，人们会恢复过来—甚至最终会成功发达。

Unit2 Commercialization and Changes in Sportsmercialization has not had a dramatic effect on the format and goals of most sports. In spite of the influence of spectators, what has occurred historically is that sports have maintained their basic format. Innovations have been made within this framework, rather than completely dismantling the design of a game. For example, the commercialization of the Olympic Games has led to minor rule changes in certain events, but the basic structure of each Olympic sport has remained much the same as it was before the days of corporate endorsements and the sale of television rights. 商业化对于大多数体育运动的结构和目标没有太大的影响。

研究生英语综合教程(下)系列教材翻译参考译文Unit1Pleasure only gets you so far.A rich,rewarding life often requires a messy battle with adversity.愉悦舒适不能指引你领略人生的全部，与逆境的艰苦搏斗常常会使人生变得丰富而有意义The Hidden Side of Happiness幸福隐藏的另一面Hurricanes,house fires,cancer,whitewater rafting accidents,plane crashes,vicious attacks in dark alleyways.Nobody asks for any of it.But to their surprise,many people find that enduring such a harrowing ordeal ultimately changes them for the better.Their refrain might go something like this:"I wish it hadn't happened,but I'm a better person for it."1、飓风、房屋失火、癌症、激流飘筏失事、坠机、黄昏小巷遭歹徒袭击，没人想找到这些但出人意料的是，很多人发现遭受这样一次痛苦的磨难最终会使他们向好的方面转变。

他们可能都会这样说：“希望这事没发生，但因为它我变得更完美了。

”We love to hear the stories of people who have been transformed by their tribulations,perhaps because they testify to a bona fide psychological truth,one that sometimes gets lost amid endless reports of disaster:There is a built-in human capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances.Positive reactions to profoundly disturbing experiences are not limited to the toughest or the bravest.In fact,roughly half the people who struggle with adversity say that their lives have in some ways improved.2、我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事，可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正心理学上的真理，这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中：在最困难的境况中，人所具有的一种内在的奋发向上的能力会迸发出来。

Unit One & Text B：When Goodness Isn’t Good EnoughSummarized by Xiao Gao In this article, the author first states that goodness is difficult tocapture in word . Then, the author hold the idea that when we try to identify a “good person” ,three qualities can be taken into account.First , good people care about the others when they are suffering . And what’s more,they take action to help others .The last,they have strong sense of responsibility .When good people undertake an important project,they are committed to solving a problem or achieving a goal. In the next part, the author points out that the world where we live today is very different from centuries ago. The moden word is networked,specialized, and filled with impersonal organizations whose goals are open-ended.In the specialized world, the organizations we can jion and the roles we might play in them are virtually limitless. In the last part , the author point out that “good person” will be deep affected in this situation. In the 21 century anyone who tries to fulfill some previous century’s vision of goodness experiences a constant sense of inadequacy and lives in presence of many poorly articulated and hence unmet personal needs.In my piont of view, purpose of this article is give us some suggestions which we can take to avoid the dissonance resulting from the mismatch between our vision of goodnss and the world we live in. For the author’s opinion ,we must “learn to be good”,accept the philosophy “no one can serve two masters.”So we should f ind our own special passion, makes that the center of a single open-ended commitment, and take no account of all other good causes.第二单元：In this article, the author first states that he had come to the conclusion that he knew practically nothing about anything when he was awake some minutes early than usual. Although ignorance, he said, he didn’t feel unhappy because there appeared to be good reasons why he need do nothing about it and good reasons for thinking he was better as he was. The author deems that acquisition of this inconsiderable store has cost him many years and a good deal of money, but it seems an inadequate return. Furthermore, the author points out that his ignorance does him no harm because he is aware of it. If one is aware of it, ignorance can be the greatest help to one. Last butnot the least, the author means that he is not the only one who realizes himself ignorance.From my opinion of view, a man couldn’t learn all kinds of knowledge, so he must be an “ignorance”man. However, the worst thing is one don’t realize ignorance .Only realizing ignorance, can he studies more and better.第三单元：“A sound mind in a sou nd body is a short, but a full description of a happy state in this world.” Nowadays research suggests that we should think there is deep link between body and mind health in order to achieve happy state of mind. In this way, exercise is a state of mind.In the past, we just know that excise can only make people feel better during and right after exercise. But recently, scientists have proved that regular exercise can improve your mood, decrease anxiety, and raises self-esteem through inducing biological changes. What’s more, exercise is also a pretty good antidepressant which can relieves and prevents depression through regulating mood and storing memories. Well, just knowing this won’t guarantee we excise directly, the motivation is under genetic control.Genes can influence both people’s physiological responses to exercise and people’s su bjective experience of exercise. So, we should develop the habit of exercise.The whole article shows that if we can stick with any program for at least two months, you give yourself the best chance to feel better. Which type of exercise we choice isn’t very important. The only thing we should do is motivate ourselves, and understand “whoever finds the starter motor, the genetic wellspring of motivation, he will have found a key to good health”.第四单元：Opportunity was once the symbol of America as the freedom it has claimed. People in the American society used to think that with hard work and self-determination, they are sure to succeed and realize their dreams. But in recent years, regard to the e conomic development, the traditional doctrine of “American dream” is seriously challenged. Pessimistic spirit has come to dominate the national consciousness. In spite of new immigrants, America is becoming older; the economic mobility in America is getting lower and lower as compared to any other western country. The “American Dream” is starting to fade since rich children stay rich whereas poor children still stay poorAnd the significance measures to fostering economic opportunity is to get out of poverty, and one effective and fundamental way may be to improve education, which will definitely influence economic mobility across generations. If there are abundant of opportunities the society provides, flexible economic orders will attract people to strive, if they move up, then the country and society will move up.第五单元：The article firstly questioned how to define the “evil”, and what’s the humanistunderstand about “evil”. Then, the author hold the idea that neither good nor evil exist outside the human personality, he distinguishes creative and destructive potential . In the next part, he finds social forces may activate destructive potentials. And he gives some examples in the reality. In the last part , with such what’s about evil , the author concludes the text by showing some measures to teach our children and parents how to deal with evil .What really is good, and what really is evil? The answer may vary from people to people, and culture to culture. Actually, the evil and good are relative, they could not exist without each other, there is no absolutely bad man, and also no saint. As boys and girls, we were taught to do good, not evil. To prevent evil, we cannot only attend to our self, but also think about others’feelings, always put yourself into other’s shoes, if it hurt you, it may hurt other person too. So we should turn our destructive impulse into creativity, to help others in need.安徽大学《研究生英语读写译教程》（下册）Vocabulary and StructureSummarized by Xiao Gao Unit OneI. Vocabulary1.Clearing 空地2. Sprinkles 溅落；撒3. Reel 卷；卷于轴上4.Hoist 升高，举起5. Glint 闪烁6. Prop支撑，维持7.Slack 松散的8. Swampy 沼泽的，湿地的9. Ventral 腹部的10. Rake 挖掉；擦去II. Phrases1.went as far as 一直到...，达到2. are … intent on 打算；专注于3.reel in 收线，卷起4. drop off 落差5.cut … off 切掉，割掉6. cut across 抄近路7. go away 走开，离开 8. cut … Out 停止，打住Unit TwoI. Vocabulary1.Expedient 妥当的，明智的2.Sane 心智健全的，神智正常的3. Impart 通知，传授，把（某性质）赋予4. Verify 证明，核实5. Discourteous 粗鲁的，不顾及他人的6.Tentative 不确定的，暂定的7. Dubious 怀疑的，无把握的 8. Premium 保险费；加付款；额外补贴，津贴，奖金 9.Tossing （使）摇摆，挥动，颠簸10. Devoured 吞食II. Phrases1.give rein to 对不加约束；放任自由2.bet on 下赌注3.at a discount 打折4. put a premium on 高度评价；高度重视5. in possession of 拥有，成为主人6. gave an account of 叙述，描述7. come down to 归结为 8. a burst of 爆发Unit ThreeI. Vocabulary1.Vulnerable 易受伤的，脆弱的2. Antidote 解药；起抵消作用的事物3. Adverse 反对的，不利的4. Identical （完全）相同的5.Integrity 完整6. has been sluggish 行动缓慢的7. Induced 引诱，导致8. Prerequisite 先决条件，前提9. Robust 强健的 10. Spurring 促进，激励，鼓舞II. Phrases1.equal to 胜任的，合适的，相当的2.nded up 结束，告终3.keeps me on my toes 忙碌的4. is in charge 负责5.has given rise to 导致，引起6. was assigned to 任命，指派7. in response to 反应 8. were invovled in 使卷入，使参与Unit FourI. Vocabulary1.Immigrant 移民，侨民2. Hazard 以意外，危险；受伤或受损的可能性3. Tentative 试验性的；临时的4. Impotent 无力的，无效的5.Weary 疲倦的6. Succeeding 接连的7.Rigid 呆板的，僵硬的，苛严的 8. Relieve 减缓；导致......的减轻或缓和9. Persist 继续存在；持续 10. Diminish 减少，使变少II. Phrases1.hold back 阻止...的发展2. as long as 以...为条件3.borne out 证实；验证4. aside from 不包括；除...以外5.prop up 支持；撑住6. point to 强调；重点指出7. in general 普遍地 8. has root in 扎根于；源于Unit FiveI. Vocabulary1.Assuage 缓和，减轻2. Reminiscent 引起联想的，让人想到3.Articulate 清楚明白地说/表达4. Impoverished 使...穷5.Preliminary 初步的，开始的，预备的；初步行动/措施6.Prerequisite 先决条件；首要必备的7. preconceptions 先入之见，偏见8. Malicious 恶意的，蓄意的 9. Inculcated 反复灌输，谆谆教诲10. Foster 鼓励，促进II. Phrases1.giving rise to 引起，导致，使...发生2.infested with ...成灾/大量出没，饱受...的困扰3.a battery of 一系列的，一连串的4.are (deeply) embedded in （观点、感情）深植于5.arose out of 起因于（由... 引起的）6.in the light of 根据7.spied on 侦查，暗中监视 8. is (powerfully)committed to 献身于，致力于。

Are We Getting Smarter?我们正变得更聪明吗？IQ scores rose steadily in the 20th century. As scientists search for the reasons, they are shedding new light on the dance between genes and life experience that determines intelligence.在20世纪IQ值稳步上升。

当科学家们寻找原因时，他们试图揭示基因和决定智力的生活经历之间的相互关系。

1 While generations of schoolchildren, military recruits, job applicants and Mensa wannabes have wrestled with IQ questions like these, some smart scientists who study intelligence have been stumped by an even more exasperating puzzle: why have IQ scores been rising? And not rising a little, by a point here and there, but soaring--27 points in Britain since 1942, 24 points in the United States since 1918, 22 points in Argentina since 1964, with comparable gains throughout Western Europe, Canada, Japan, China, Israel, Australia and New Zealand. The rise is so sharp that the average child today is as bright as the near genius of yesteryear. "This shatters our belief about the rigidity of IQ," says psychologist Ulrich Neisser of Cornell University. "It's powerful evidence that you can indeed change it."当在校的孩子、军队的新兵、求职者和向往Mensa协会的人努力解答像这样的IQ问题时，一些聪明的研究智力的科学家一直被另一个更让人困惑的问题困扰：为什么IQ值一直在上升？并且不是上升一点点不是这里升一点那里升一点，而是大幅度上升：英国自从1942年以来增长27个百分点，美国自1918年以来增长24个百分点，阿根廷自1964年以来增长22个百分点，这种增长遍及西欧、加拿大、日本、中国、以色列、澳大利亚和新西兰。

课文原文1-7 Unit 1 The Hidden Side of Happiness1 Hurricanes, house fires, cancer, whitewater rafting accidents, plane crashes, vicious attacks in dark alleyways. Nobody asks for any of it. But to their surprise, many people find that enduring such a harrowing ordeal ultimately changes them for the better.Their refrain might go something like this: "I wish it hadn't happened, but I'm a better person for it."1飓风、房屋失火、癌症、激流漂筏失事、坠机、昏暗小巷遭歹徒袭击，没人想找上这些事儿。

但出人意料的是，很多人发现遭受这样一次痛苦的磨难最终会使他们向好的方面转变。

他们可能都会这样说:“我希望这事没发生，但因为它我变得更完美了。

”2 We love to hear the stories of people who have been transformed by their tribulations, perhaps because they testify to a bona fide type of psychological truth, one that sometimes gets lost amid endless reports of disaster: There seems to be a built-in human capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances. Positive responses to profoundly disturbing experiences are not limited to the toughest or thebravest.In fact, roughly half the people who struggle with adversity say that their lives subsequently in some ways improved.2我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事，可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正的心理学上的真理，这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中:在最困难的境况中，人所具有的一种内在的奋发向上的能力会进发出来。

1，Chinese cuisine is a brilliant facet of Chinese culture,中国美食是中国文化一道绚烂的风景线，which is proven by the fact that Chinese restaurants are found scattered everywhere throughout the world.这点从世界各地随处可见的中餐馆可以窥见。

Today, the culinary industry is developing even more rapidly than before.当今，烹饪业正以前所未有的速度在发展。

A decade ago, Beijing had a few thousand restaurants,10年前，北京只有几千家餐馆，while today there are over 100,000 restaurants of different sizes in the city.而今天却有10万多家大小不等的餐馆遍布市内。

2，Regional Chinese Cuisines地方美食It is widely acknowledged that from the Ming（1368 - 1644）dynasties onwards, there are eight major schools of cuisine based on regional cooking.众所周知，明朝以来出现了八大菜系，They came from Shangdong, Sichuan, Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hunan, and Anhui provinces.分别是山东菜、四川菜、广东菜、福建菜、江苏菜、浙江菜、湖南菜和安徽菜。

In addition to these traditional cuisines, the culinary industry in China has undergone great changes,除了这些传统菜系，中国的烹饪业也经历了巨大的变化：as almost every place has it own local specialties,每个地方都形成了自己的特色菜，and as the differrent cuisines gather together in big cities, such as Beijing.不同菜系汇集于诸如北京这样的大城市。

新编研究生英语教材 Unit 2课文翻译及课后习题答案Unit 2 LanguageText A Learn by TouchII. Word Study1) hearth2) repent3) tussle4) in the light of5) intercourse6) verbatim7) take the initiative8) gamut9) augmentation10) tactfulIII. Cloze1. B.2. A.3. A.4. C.5. D.6. B.7. A.8. C.9. C.10. D.11. C.12. A.13. D.14. C.15. A.16. C.17. D.18. C.19. A.20. B.IV. Translation1. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.博物馆和艺术品商店也是带给我快乐和灵感的源泉。

毫无疑问，很多人都觉得奇怪，不凭借视觉，手就能感觉到冰冷的大理石雕像的动作、情感和美；但我的确从触摸伟大的艺术作品中获得了真正的愉悦。

当我的指尖追寻那些起伏的线条时，它们自会发现艺术家所描绘的思想和情感。

我能从雕像的脸上感受到众神和英雄们的憎恨、勇气和爱，正如我能从允许我触摸的活人的脸上察觉出这些感情一样。

我从戴安娜的姿态中触摸到了森林的优雅与自由，还有那驯服山狮与慑服暴戾的气质。

维纳斯的静谧和优雅使我感受到了灵魂的喜悦；而巴雷的铜像则使我仿佛窥见了丛林的秘密。

2. Translate the following paragraphs into English.English is attached great importance in China where English training market is in full swing with so many training centers appearing. Many Chinese, old and young, have made learning English an important part of their daily life. Even preschoolers can remember hundreds of English words. However, behind this globalization is people’s deep concern for Chinese traditional culture.Fortunately, recent years have witnessed a surge of “back-to-the-ancients schools”. It’s said that “knowledge makes a gentleman’. The study of Chinese traditional culture and the reading of Chinese classics exposes students to a wide range of information and makes them well rounded. However, some people are still on the fence, and are ambivalent towards “back-to-the-ancients schools” because they consider this ancient wisdom to be out of tune with the times. In contrast, the Confucius Institute --- that promotes Chinese language and culture, supports local Chinese teaching internationally, and facilitates culture exchange --- has been popular worldwide. By the end of 2012, 400 Confucius Institutes and 535 Confucius Classrooms had been established in 108 countries and regions.课文翻译倚触而学海伦·凯勒1 我生命中最重要的日子是我的老师安妮·曼斯菲尔德·莎莉文到来的那一天。

3 Unit 2Definition and Classification of Pneumonia 肺炎的定义和分类When the word pneumonia is used in medical practice, it almost always refers to a syndrome caused by acute infection, usually bacterial, that is characterized by clinical and/or radiographic /ˌreɪdɪəʊˈgræfɪk/放射影像学signs of consolidation/kənˌsɒlɪˈdeɪʃ(ə)n/ 实质、实变of a part or parts of one or both lungs. The use of the term has however been greatly extended to include non-bacterial infection of the lungs caused by a wide variety of microorganisms. Pneumonitis /ˌnjuːməʊˈnaɪtɪs/ is occasionally used as a synonym /ˈsɪnənɪm/同义词for pneumonia, particularly when inflammation炎症/ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/ of the lung has resulted from a non-infectious cause such as in chemical or radiation injury.当肺炎这个词在医疗实践中使用时，它几乎总是指由急性感染引起的综合征，通常是细菌感染，临床上和/或放射学上的以肺部分或单肺弥漫性或双肺弥漫性实变为特征。

Unit Two中餐被公认为全球最佳美食之一，其种类之丰富，工艺之繁复，使其理所当然地成为游客大快朵颐的乐事之一。

中国美食1中国美食是中国文化一道绚烂的风景线，这点从世界各地随处可见的中餐馆可以窥见。

当今，烹饪业正以前所未有的速度在发展。

10年前，北京只有几千家餐馆，而今天却有10万多家大小不等的餐馆遍布市内。

1 Chinese cuisine is a brilliant facet of Chinese culture, which is proven by the fact that Chinese restaurants are found scattered everywhere throughout the world. Today, the culinary industry is developing even more rapidly than before. A decade ago, Beijing had a few thousand restaurants, while today there are over 100,000 restaurants of different sizes in the city.2地方美食众所周知，明朝以来出现了八大菜系，分别是山东菜、四川菜、广东菜、福建菜、江苏菜、浙江菜、湖南菜和安徽菜。

除了这些传统菜系，中国的烹饪业也经历了巨大的变化：每个地方都形成了自己的特色菜，不同菜系汇集于诸如北京这样的大城市。

2 Regional Chinese CuisinesIt is widely acknowledged that from the Ming (1368-1644) dynasties onwards, there are eight major schools of Chinese based op regional cooking. They came from Shandong, Sichuan, Guang dong, Fujian, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hunan, and Anhui provinces. In addition to these traditional cuisi nes, the culinary industry in China has undergone great changes, as almost every place has its own local specialties, and as the different cuisines gather together in big cities, such as Beijing.3被誉为“天府之国”的四川也是个美食之都。

1 America is in the midst of one of the greatest wealth transfers in the history of mankind.Over the next 20 years,an estimated $15 trillion in assets will be transferred from one generation to the next.美国正处在人类历史上最大的一个财富交接的过程中。

在今后20年里，估计有150亿美元的资产将会转移到下一代的手中。

2 Much of this wealth transfer will be in the form of family-owned businesses.But the viability of many these transfers is questionable.The fact is most will fail.Typically, only one out of three businesses is successfully transferred to the second generation.Survival of a family business into the third generation is a rare occurrence.大多数的财富交接会以家庭企业的方式进行。

但是很多情况下，财富交接的成功与否令人怀疑。

事实上，大多数的交接工作将会失败。

一般来说，只有1/3的企业才能成功地移交到下一代手中。

一个家庭企业能生存到第三代是寥寥无几的。

3 Thousands of family businesses,some of the household names,will disappear over the next decade.The sad part is that many of them could survive with proper planning.For many,however,it may already be too late. The proper time to start planning the succession of a family business is not one,but three, not even five years ahead.Indeed,a comprehensive succession plan,which includes sophisticated estate planning strategies,generally requires at least a 10-year horizon to be properly structured.在下一个十年里，数以千计的家庭企业，其中有些是家喻户晓的企业将会消失。

The Hidden Side of HappinessPleasure only gets you so far. A rich, rewarding life often requires a messy battle with adversity.幸福隐藏的另一面愉悦舒适不能指引你领略人生的全部，与逆境的艰苦搏斗常常会使人生变得丰富而有意义Hurricanes, house fires, cancer, whitewater rafting accidents, plane crashes, vicious attacks in dark alleyways. Nobody asks for any of it. But to their surprise, many people find that enduring such a harrowing ordeal ultimately changes them for the better. Their refrain might go something like this: "I wish it hadn't happened, but I'm a better person for it."1、飓风、房屋失火、癌症、激流飘筏失事、坠机、黄昏小巷遭歹徒袭击，没人想找到这些但出人意料的是，很多人发现遭受这样一次痛苦的磨难最终会使他们向好的方面转变。

他们可能都会这样说：“希望这事没发生，但因为它我变得更完美了。

”We love to hear the stories of people who have been transformed by their tribulations, perhaps because they testify to a bona fide psychological truth, one that sometimes gets lost amid endless reports of disaster: There is a built-in human capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances. Positive reactions to profoundly disturbing experiences are not limited to the toughest or the bravest. In fact, roughly half the people who struggle with adversity say that their lives have in some ways improved.2、我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事，可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正心理学上的真理，这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中：在最困难的境况中，人所具有的一种内在的奋发向上的能力会迸发出来。

Unit 1 The Hidden Side of Happiness1 Hurricanes, house fires, cancer, whitewater rafting accidents, plane crashes, vicious attacks in dark alleyways. Nobody asks for any of it. But to their surprise, many people find that enduring such a harrowing ordeal ultimately changes them for the better. Their refrain might go somethinghalf the people who struggle with adversity say that their lives subsequently in some ways improved.2我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事，可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正的心理学上的真理，这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中:在最困难的境况中，人所具有的一种内在的奋发向上的能力会进发出来。

对那些令人极度恐慌的经历作出积极回应的并不仅限于最坚强或最勇敢的人。

实际上，大约半数与逆境抗争过的人都说他们的生活从此在某些方面有了改善。

3 This and other promising findings about the life-changing effects of—甚至最终会成功发达。

4 Those who weather adversity well are living proof of the paradoxes of happiness. We need more than pleasure to live the best possible life.Our contemporary quest for happiness has shriveled to a hunt for bliss-a life protected from bad feelings ,free from pain and confusion.4那些经受住苦难打击的人是有关幸福悖论的生动例证:为了尽可能地过上最好的生活，我们所需要的不仅仅是愉悦的感受。

Individuals and massesA man or woman makes direct contact with society in two ways:as a member of some familial,professional or religious group ,or as a member of a crowd.groups are capable of being as moral and intelligent as the individuals who form them;a crowd is chaotic ,has no purpose of its own and is capable of anything except intelligent action and realistic thinking.Assembled in a crowd, people lose their powers of reasoning and their capacity for moral choice.Their suggestibility is increased to the point where they cease to have any judgement or will of their own.they become very excitable, they lose all sense of individual or collective responsibility,they are subject to sudden excesses of rage ,enthusiasm and panic.in a word,a man in a crowd behaves as though he had swallowed a large dose of some powerful intoxicant .He is a victim of what I ave called ‘herd-poisoning’.Like alcohol,herd-poison is an active,extravagant drug.The crowd-intoxicated individual escapes from responsibility,intelligence and morality into a kind of frantic,animal mindlesssness.一个人通过两种渠道和社会进行直接接触：一种是作为家庭的、职业的或者宗教的组织中的一员，一种仅仅是作为一群人中的一个。

课文原文1‎-7 Unit 1 The Hidde‎n Side of Happi‎n ess1 Hurri‎c anes‎, house‎fires‎, cance‎r, white‎w ater‎rafti‎n g accid‎e nts, plane‎crash‎e s, vicio‎u s attac‎k s in dark alley‎w ays. Nobod‎y asks for any of it. But to their‎surpr‎i se, many peopl‎e find that endur‎i ng such a harro‎w ing ordea‎l ultim‎a tely‎chang‎e s them for the bette‎r.Their‎refra‎i n might‎go somet‎h ing like this: "I wish it hadn't happe‎n ed, but I'm a bette‎r perso‎n for it."1飓风、房屋失火、癌症、激流漂筏失‎事、坠机、昏暗小巷遭‎歹徒袭击，没人想找上‎这些事儿。

但出人意料‎的是，很多人发现‎遭受这样一‎次痛苦的磨‎难最终会使‎他们向好的‎方面转变。

他们可能都‎会这样说:“我希望这事‎没发生，但因为它我‎变得更完美‎了。

”2 We love to hear the stori‎e s of peopl‎e who have been trans‎f orme‎d by their‎tribu‎l atio‎n s, perha‎p s becau‎s e they testi‎f y to a bona fide type of psych‎o logi‎c al truth‎, one that somet‎i mes gets lost amid endle‎s s repor‎t s of disas‎t er: There‎seems‎to be a built‎-in human‎capac‎i ty to flour‎i sh under‎the most diffi‎c ult circu‎m stan‎c es. Posit‎i ve respo‎n ses to profo‎u ndly‎distu‎r bing‎exper‎i ence‎s are not limit‎e d to the tough‎e st or the brave‎s t.In fact, rough‎l y half the peopl‎e who strug‎g le with adver‎s ity say that their‎lives‎subse‎q uent‎l y in some ways impro‎v ed.2我们都爱‎听人们经历‎苦难后发生‎转变的故事‎，可能是因为‎这些故事证‎实了一条真‎正的心理学‎上的真理，这条真理有‎时会湮没在‎无数关于灾‎难的报道中‎:在最困难的‎境况中，人所具有的‎一种内在的‎奋发向上的‎能力会进发‎出来。