【英语真题】2021年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第三套)
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12021 年12 月大学英语六级考试真题(第三 套)PartIWriting(30minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分,之后将进行听力考试)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaybasedontheshortpassagegivenbelow.Inyouressay,youaretocommentonthephenomenondescribedinthepassageandsuggestmeasurestoaddresstheissue.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.Youngpeoplespendalotoftimeontheinternet.However,theyaresometimesunabletorecognizefalseinformationontheinternet,judgethereliabilityofonlineinformationsources,ortellrealnewsstoriesfromfakeones.PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)(略)PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionA(略)SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Domusiclessonsreallymakechildrensmarter?[A]Arecentanalysisfoundthatmostresearchmischaracterizestherelationshipbetweenmusicandskillsenhancement.[B]In2004,apaperappearedinthejournalPsychologicalScience,titled“MusicLessonsEnhanceIQ.”Theauthor;composerandpsychologistGlennSchellenberghadconductedanexperimentwith144childrenrandomlyassignedtofourgroups:onelearnedthekeyboardforayear,onetooksinginglessons,onejoinedanactingclass,andacontrolgrouphadnoextracurriculartraining.TheIQofthechildreninthetwomusicalgroupsrosebyanaverageofsevenpointsinthecourseofayear;thoseintheother.twogroupsgainedanaverageof4.3points.[C]Schellenberghad1ongbeenskepticalofthesciencesupportingclaimshatmusiceducationenhanceschildren’sabstractreasoning,math,orlanguagesills.Ifchildrenwhoplaythepianoaresmarter,hesays,itdoesn’tnecessarilymeantheyaresmarterbecausetheyplaythepiano.Itcouldbethattheyoungsterswhoplaythepianoalsohappentobemoreambitiousorbetteratfocusingonatask.Correlation,afterall,doesnotprovecausation.[D]The2004paperwasspecificallydesignedtoaddressthoseconcerns.Andasapassionatemusician,Schellenbergwasdelightedwhenheturnedupcredibleevidencethatmusichastransfereffectsongeneralintelligence.Butnearlyadecadelater,in2013,theEducationEndowmentFoundationfundedabiggerstudywithmorethan900students.ThatstudyfailedtoconfirmSchellenberg’sfindings,producingnoevidencethatmusiclessonsimprovedmathandliteracyskills.[E]Schellenbergtookthatnewsinstridewhilecontinuingtocastaskepticaleyeontheresearchinhisfield,Recently,hedecidedtoformallyinvestigatejusthowoftenhisfellowresearchersinpsychologyandneurosciencemakewhathebelievesareerroneous—oratleastpremature—causalconnectionsbetweenmusicandintelligence.Hisresults,publishedinMay,suggesthatmanyofhispeersdojustthat.[F]Forhisrecentstudy,Schellenbergaskedtworesearchassistantstolookforcorrelationalstudiesontheeffectsofmusiceducation.Theyfoundatotalof114paperspublishedsince2000.Toassesswhethertheauthorsclaimedanycausation,researchersthenlookedfortelltaleverbsineachpaper’stitleandabstract,verbslike“enhance”,“promote”,“facilitate”,and“strengthen”.Thepaperswerecategorizedasneuroscienceifthestudyemployedabrainimagingmethodlikemagneticresonance,orifthestudyappearedinajournalthathad“brain”,“neuroscience”,orarelatedterminitstitle.Otherwisethepaperswerecategorizedaspsychology.Schellenbergdidn’ttellhisassistantswhatexactlyhewastryingtoprove.[G]Aftercomputingtheirassessments,Schellenbergconcludedthatthemajorityofthearticleserroneouslyclaimedthatmusictraininghadacausaleffect.Theoverselling,healsofound,wasmoreprevalentamongneurosciencestudies,threequartersofwhichmischaracterizedamereassociationbetweenmusictrainingandskillsenhancementasacause-and-effectrelationship.Thismaycomeasasurprisetosome.Psychologistshavebeenbattlingchargesthattheydon’tdo“real”scienceforsometime—inlargepartbecausemanyfindingsfromclassicexperimentshaveprovedunreproducible.Neuroscientists,ontheotherhand,armedwithbrainscansandEEGs(脑电图),havenotbeensubjecttothesamedegreeofcritique.[H]Toargueforacause-and-effectrelationship,scientistsmustattempttoexplainwhyandhowaconnectioncouldoccur.Whenitcomestotransfereffectsofmusic,scientistsfrequentlypointtobrainplasticity—thefactthatthebrainchangesaccordingtohowweuseit.Whenachildlearnstoplaytheviolin,forexample,severalstudieshaveshownthatthebrainregionresponsibleforthefinemotorskillsofthelefthand’sfingersislikelytogrow.Andmanyexperimentshaveshownthatmusicaltrainingimprovescertainhearingcapabilities,likefilteringvoicesfrombackgroundnoiseordistinguishingthedifferencebetweentheconsonants(辅音)‘b’and‘g’.[I]ButSchellenbergremainshighlycriticalofhowtheconceptofplasticityhasbeenappliedinhisfield.“Plasticityhasbecomeanindustryofitsown,”hewroteinhisMaypaper.Practicedoeschangethebrain,heallows,butwhatisquestionableistheassertionthatthesechangesaffectotherbrainregions,suchasthoseresponsiblefor