Holtek C Comparison(1252)
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The Chroma 11022 and 11025 LCR Meters are passive component testers that can give you the most cost effective alternative equivalent to the high priced meters. They are designed for the demanding applications in production test, incoming inspection, component design and evaluation. Programmable test signal level settings are from10mV to 1V in a step of 10mV, and the VM/IM signal level monitor functions allow you to evaluate your devices at the level you specify. Ten test frequencies of 50Hz, 60Hz, 100Hz, 120Hz, 1kHz, 10kHz, 20kHz, 40kHz, 50kHz, and 100kHz, can be used to evaluate passive compo-nents and transformers/ LF coils.The low cost LCR meters on the market have shortcomings when used for low impedance components evaluation such as large capacitance of electrolytic capacitors and low inductance of coils. As the 11022/11025 equipped with high resolution (0.01m ) in low impedance and high accuracy (0.3%) till 100m range, it can be used to evaluate low impedance components to meet the measurement requirements.The 11025 LCR Meter can also measure DC resis-tance, turn ratio and mutual inductance of trans-former. It is suitable for pulse transformer or LF coil evaluation. Chroma A110207 Transformer Test Fixture used with the 11025, can measureboth the primary and the secondary parameters automatically by changing the internal relays of 11025. So there is no need to change the connec-tions required for measuring transformer param-eters. Adjustable internal DC bias current source can be up to 200mA(constant 25 ) which is a standard function, as the right tool for inductance inspection of telecom transformers and small power chokes under DC bias current.The 11022/11025 LCR Meter provides a powerful combination of features designed to maximize the productivity in all testing environments. The measurement speed in the SHORT integration time mode is 21mS( 100Hz). Handler interface and pin-out are compatible with 4263B. GPIB Interface and IEEE 488 commands are compatible with 4263B.In addition, the 11022/11025 have built in a comparator, 8 bin sorting, trigger delay functions and handler interface trigger function, which make them easy for system integration, and improve the measurement throughput as well as reliability.LCR METERMODEL 11022/11025198111022 : LCR Meter 11025 : LCR MeterA110104 : SMD Test Cable #17A110211 : Component Test FixtureA110212 : Component Remote Test Fixture A110232 : 4 BNC Test Cable with Clip#18A110234 : High Frequency Test Cable A110236 : Rack Mountain KitA110239 : 4 Terminals SMD Electrical Capacitor Test Box (Patent)A110242 : Battery ESR Test KitA110244 : High Capacitance Capacitor Test Fixture A110245 : Ring Core Test Fixture A133004 : SMD Test Box1. LCD Display2. LINE Switch3. Measurement Terminals4. Function Keys5. Power Code Receptacle6. LINE Fuse Holder7. LINE Voltage Selector8. GPIB Interface9. Handler Interface10. External DC Bias Terminal 11. Ground Terminal 12. Fan13. Ground Terminal14. DC Bias Trimmer Terminal711121623413*Note 1: 23 ± 5˚C after OPEN and SHORT correction. Slow measurement speed. Refer to Operation Manual for detail measurement accuracy descriptions.*Note 2: Measurement time includes sampling,calculation and judge of primary and secondary test parameter measurement.PANEL DESCRIPTIONORDERING INFORMATIONDistributed by:Worldwide Distribution and Service Network11022/11025-201108-500JAPANCHROMA JAPAN CORP .472 Nippa-cho, Kouhoku-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa,223-0057 Japanhttp://www.chroma.co.jp E-mail:******************U.S.A.CHROMA SYSTEMS SOLUTIONS, INC.25612 Commercentre Drive, Lake Forest, CA 92630-8830 Tel: +1-949-600-6400Fax: +1-949-600-6401Toll Free: +1-866-600-6050 E-mail:*******************Developed and Manufactured by :CHROMA ATE INC.HEADQUARTERSNo. 66, Hwa-Ya 1st Rd., Hwa-Ya Technology Park, Kuei-Shan Hsiang,33383 Taoyuan County, Taiwan Tel: +886-3-327-9999Fax: +886-3-327-8898 E-mail:******************EUROPECHROMA ATE EUROPE B.V .Morsestraat 32, 6716 AH Ede,The Netherlands Tel: +31-318-648282Fax: +31-318-648288 E-mail:******************CHINACHROMA ELECTRONICS (SHENZHEN) CO., LTD.8F, No.4, Nanyou Tian An Industrial Estate, Shenzhen, China PC: 518052Tel: +86-755-2664-4598Fax: +86-755-2641-9620。
Agilent U1251A and U1252A Handheld Digital Multimeter Data SheetFeatures•50,000 count dual display•Up to 0.025 % basic DC voltage accuracy•True RMS measurement•J-type and K-type temperaturemeasurements•Data storage capability with optional IR-USB link to PC•20 MHz frequency counter •Programmable square wavegenerator•-20 °C to +55 °C operatingtemperature•Safety certified with EN/IEC 61010-1 Category III 1000 V overvoltageprotection•Built-In battery charger capability •Multi function tilt stand IntroductionThe Agilent U1250A series Handheld DigitalMultimeter gives you 4.5 digit resolutionwith a 50,000 count full scale and basic DCvoltage accuracy of up to 0.025%. Thesefeatures give you the flexibility to performquick validation measurements or performtolerance checks and marginal failure trou-bleshooting. It also offers True RMS, dBm,and AC+DC readings to measure both sinu-soidal and non-sinusoidal waveforms accu-rately.Versatile functionalityThe U1250A series Handheld DigitalMultimeter delivers many features that youwould expect from a benchtop multimeter.These instruments come with all the basicmeasurement functions and addedfunctionality needed in today’s changingmaintenance environment such astemperature measurements, frequencymeasurements, 4-20 mA process loopmeasurement with % readout, 20 MHzfrequency counter (U1252A only), and dBmmeasurements.More than just a measurement toolThe U1250A series expands users’capability beyond typical measurements.These instruments provide data storagecapability which can be done both manuallyor automatedly with the optional PCinterface cable. The accompanying AgilentGraphical User Interface (GUI) furtherextends the potential of these instrumentsby allowing you to customize your datalogging needs. Other features includesophisticated math functions that allowusers to manipulate the data obtained. TheU1252A can be used as a programmablesquare wave generator that allows you tostimulate electronic circuits for debuggingpurposes.Uncompromising ruggedness and safetyUse The U1250A series Handheld DigitalMultimeter with confidence in almost anyenvironment. These instruments come in arobust package with shock absorbingovermold and operate within their ratedspecifications from –20 °C right up to+55 °C. Furthermore, these instruments arerated at Cat III 1000 V (IEC 61010 Compliant)which allows you to confidently makemeasurements on building electricalinstallations, at locations between the maincircuit breaker and the mains socket-outlets, including measurements performedon equipment that is permanentlyconnected to the mains circuits.Visit our Web for more information onAgilent’s Handheld Digital Multimeter atAgilent TechnologiesU1251A & U1252A DC SPECIFICATIONSTEMPERATURE AND CAPACITANCE SPECIFICATIONSFUNCTION RAN G E RESOLUTION TEST CURRENT/ BURDEN VOLTAGE ACCURACY ± (% of reading + No. of Least Significant Digit)U1251A U1252A VOLTAGE (1)50.000 mV 0.001 mV -0.05+50(2)0.05+50(2)500.00 mV0.01 mV -0.03+50.025+51000.0 mV 0.1 mV -5.0000 V 0.0001 V -50.000 V 0.001 V -500.00 V 0.01 V -0.03+51000.0 V0.1 V -RESISTANCE500.00 Ω(3)0.01 Ω 1.04 mA 0.08+100.05+105.0000 k Ω(3)0.0001 k Ω416 µA 0.08+50.05+550.000 k Ω0.001 k Ω41.2 µA 500.00 k Ω0.01 k Ω 4.12 µA 5.0000 M Ω0.0001 M Ω375 nA 0.2+50.15+550.000 M Ω(4)0.001 M Ω187 nA 1+101+5500.00 M Ω0.01 M Ω187 nA N/A 3+10<200M Ω/8+10>200M Ω500 nS (5)0.01 nS 187 nA1+201+10CURRENT500.00 µA 0.01 µA 0.06 V (100 Ω)0.1+5(6) 0.05+5(6) 5000.0 µA 0.1 µA 0.6 V (100 Ω)0.1+5(6) 0.05+5(6) 50.000 mA 0.001 mA 0.09 V (1 Ω)0.2+5(6)0.15+5(6)440.00 mA 0.01 mA 0.9 V (1 Ω)0.2+5(6)0.15+5(6)5.0000 A0.0001 A 0.2 V (0.01 Ω)0.3+100.3+1010.000 A (7)0.001 A 0.4 V (0.01 Ω)0.3+100.3+5DIODE TEST-0.1 mV1.04 mA0.05 + 5FUNCTIONTHERMOCOUPLETYPE RANGE RESOLUTIONACCURACYMEASURING RATE AT FULLSCALE MAX. DISPLAYTEMPERATUREK-200 ~ 1372 °C/-328 ~ 2502 °F 0.1 °C/0.1 °F0.3 % +3 °C/0.3 %+6 °FN/AN/A J (8)-210 ~ 1200 °C/-346 ~ 2192 °F 0.1 °C/0.1 °F0.3 % +3 °C/0.3 %+6 °FN/AN/ACAPACITANCE -10.000 nF 0.001 nF 1%+8 4 times/sec.11000 counts-100.00 nF 0.01 nF1%+5-1000.0 nF 0.1 nF-10.000 µF 0.001 µF-100.00 µF 0.01 µF-1000.0 µF 0.1 µF1 time/sec.-10.000 mF 0.001 mF 0.1 times/sec.-100.00 mF0.01 mF 3%+100.01 times/sec.[1] Input impedance: >1G Ω for 50 mV~1000 mV ranges. For U1251A, input impedance is 10 M Ω (nominal) for 5 V~1000 V ranges. For U1252A, input impedance is 10 M Ω (nominal) in parallel with 1.1 M Ω at dual display.[2] The accuracy could be 0.05%+10 for U1251A and 0.05%+5 for U1252A. Always use NULL function to zero out the thermal effect before measuring the signal.[3] The accuracy of 500 Ω and 5 k Ω is specified after NULL function, which is used to subtract the test lead resistance and the thermal effect [4] For the range of 50 M Ω, the R.H. is specified for <60%.[5] The accuracy is specified for <50 nS and after NULL function with open test lead.[6] Always use NULL function to zero out thermal effect with open test lead before measuring the signal. If NULL function is not used, an additional 20 counts needs to be added to the DC current accuracy. Thermal effect could occur due to the following:•Wrong operation to measure the high voltage of 50 V ~ 1000 V for resistance, diode, and mV measurements.•After battery-charging has completed.•After measuring a current greater than 440 mA, it is suggested that the meter be left to cool down for twice the measuring time used.[7] Current can be measured up to 10 A continuously. An additional 0.5% needs to be added to the specified accuracy if the signal measured is in therange of 10 A~20 A for 30 seconds maximum. After measuring a current of > 10 A, leave the meter to cool down for twice the measuring time used before application of low current measurement.[8] Only available in U1252A.U1251A AC SPECIFICATIONSU1252A AC SPECIFICATIONSFUNCTIONRANGE RESOLUTION ACCURACY ± (% of reading + No. of Least Significant Digit)FREQUENCY30 Hz ~ 45 Hz 45 Hz ~ 1 kHz 1 kHz ~ 10 kHz 10 kHz ~ 30 kHzTRUE-RMSAC VOLTAGE50.000 mV 0.001 mV 1+600.6+40 1.0+40 1.6+60500.00 mV 0.01 mV 1+600.6+25 1.0+40 1.6+601000.0 mV 0.1 mV 1+600.6+25 1.0+25 1.6+405.0000 V 0.0001 V 1+600.6+25 1.0+25 1.6+4050.000 V 0.001 V 1+600.6+25 1.0+25 1.6+40500.00 V 0.01 V 1+600.6+25 1.0+25 1.6+40(1)1000.0 V0.1 V1+600.6+401.0+40N/AFUNCTION RAN G E RESOLUTION ACCURACY ± (% of reading + No. of Least Significant Digit)FREQUENCY30 Hz ~ 45 Hz 45 Hz ~ 2 kHz 2 kHz ~ 20 kHz AC CURRENT500.00 µA (2)0.01 µA 1.5+500.8+203+805000.0 µA 0.1 µA 1.5+400.8+203+6050.000 mA 0.001 mA 1.5+400.8+203+60440.00 mA 0.01 mA 1.5+400.8+203+605.0000 A 0.0001 A 2+40(4)0.8+203+60 <3 A/5 kHz10.000 A (3)0.001 A2+40(4)0.8+20FUNCTIONRAN G E RESOLUTION ACCURACY ± (% of reading + No. of Least Significant Digit)FREQUENCY 20 Hz ~ 45 Hz 45 Hz ~ 1 kHz 1 kHz ~ 10 kHz10 kHz ~ 20 kHz20 kHz ~100 kHz (5)TRUE-RMS AC VOLTAGE50.000 mV 0.001 mV 1.5+600.4+400.7+400.75+40 3.5+120500.00 mV 0.01 mV 1.5+600.4+250.4+250.75+40 3.5+1201000.0 mV 0.1 mV 1.5+600.4+250.4+250.75+40 3.5+1205.0000 V 0.0001 V 1.5+600.4+250.4+250.75+40 3.5+12050.000 V 0.001 V 1.5+600.4+250.4+250.75+40 3.5+120500.00 V 0.01 V 1.5+600.4+250.4+251.5+40 3.5+120(1)1000.0 V0.1 V1.5+600.4+400.4+401.5+40(1)N/AFUNCTION RAN G E RESOLUTION ACCURACY ± (% of reading + No. of Least Significant Digit)FREQUENCY20 Hz ~ 45 Hz 45 Hz ~ 1 kHz 1 kHz ~ 20 kHz 20 kHz ~ 100 kHz (5)AC CURRENT500.00 µA (2)0.01 µA 1.0+200.7+200.75+205+805000.0 µA 0.1 µA 1.0+200.7+200.75+205+8050.000 mA 0.001 mA 1.0+200.7+200.75+205+80440.00 mA 0.01 mA 1.0+200.7+20 1.5+205+805.0000 A 0.0001 A 1.5+20(4)0.7+203+60 <3 A/5 kHzN/A10.000 A (3)0.001 A1.5+20(4)0.7+20[1] The input signal is lower than the product of 20,000,000 V-Hz (product of voltage and frequency).[2] Input current >35 µArms.[3] Current can be measured from 2.5 A up to 10 A continuously. An additional 0.5% needs to be added to the specified accuracy if the signal measured is in the range of 10 A ~ 20 A for 30 seconds maximum. After measuring a current of >10 A, leave the meter to cool down for twice the measuring time used before application of low current measurement.[4] Input current < 3 Arms.[5] The additional error to be added as frequency >20 kHz and signal input<10%of range: 3 counts of LSD per kHz.U1252A AC+DC SPECIFICATIONSU1251A & U1252A FREQUENCY SPECIFICATIONS (2)U1251A FREQUENCY SENSITIVITY DURING VOLTAGE MEASUREMENTFUNCTION RAN G ERESOLUTION ACCURACY ± (% of reading + No. of Least Significant Digit)FREQUENCY 30 Hz ~ 45 Hz 45 Hz ~ 1 kHz 1 kHz ~ 10 kHz10 kHz ~ 20 kHz20kHz ~100kHz (1)VOLTAGE50.000 mV0.001 mV 1.5+800.4+600.7+600.8+60 3.5+220500.00 mV 0.01 mV 1.5+650.4+300.4+300.8+45 3.5+1251000.0 mV 0.1 mV 1.5+650.4+300.4+300.8+45 3.5+1255.0000 V 0.0001 V 1.5+650.4+300.4+300.8+45 3.5+12550.000 V 0.001 V 1.5+650.4+300.4+300.8+45 3.5+125500.00 V 0.01 V 1.5+650.4+300.4+301.5+45 3.5+125(2)1000.0 V0.1 V1.5+650.4+450.4+451.5+45(2)N/AFUNCTION RAN G E RESOLUTIONACCURACY ± (% of reading + No. of Least Significant Digit)FREQUENCY30 Hz ~ 45 Hz 45 Hz ~ 1 kHz 1 kHz ~ 20 kHz CURRENT500.00 µA (3)0.01 µA 1.1+250.8+250.8+255000.0 µA 0.1 µA 1.1+250.8+250.8+2550.000 mA 0.001 mA 1.2+250.9+250.9+25440.00 mA 0.01 mA 1.2+250.9+250.9+255.0000 A 0.0001 A 1.8+30(5)0.9+30 3.3+70<3 A/5 kHz10.000 A (4)0.001 A1.8+30(5)0.9+25RANGE RESOLUTION ACCURACY MINIMUM INPUT FREQUENCY99.999 Hz 0.001 Hz 0.02%+3<600 kHz1 Hz999.99 Hz 0.01 Hz 9.9999 kHz 0.0001 kHz 99.999 kHz 0.001 kHz 999.99 kHz0.01 kHzFREQUENCY SENSITIVITY AND TRIGGER LEVEL FOR U1251AINPUT RANGEMINIMUM SENSITIVITY(R.M.S. Sine-Wave)TRIGGER LEVEL FOR DC COUPLING (Maximum input for specified accuracy = 10 x Range or1000 V)20 Hz-100 kHz >100 kHz ~ 200 kHz< 100 kHz >100 kHz ~ 200 kHz 50.000 mV 10 mV15 mV 10 mV 15 mV 500.00 mV 25 mV 35 mV 60 mV 70 mV 1000.0 mV 40 mV 50 mV 100 mV150 mV 5.0000 V 0.25 V 0.5 V 0.5 V / 1.25 V (< 100 Hz)0.6 V 50.000 V 2.5 V 5 V 5 V 6 V 500.00 V 25 V N/A 50 V N/A 1000.0 V50 V N/A 300 V N/A[1] The additional error to be added as frequency >20 kHz and signal input <10%of range: 3 counts of LSD per kHz.[2] The input signal is lower than the product of 20,000,000 V-Hz (product of voltage and frequency).[3] Input current >35 µArms.[4] Current can be measured from 2.5 A up to 10 A continuously. An additional 0.5% needs to be added to the specified accuracy if the signal measured is in the range of 10 A ~ 20 A for 30 seconds maximum. After measuring a current of >10 A, leave the meter to cool down for twice the measuring time used before application of low current measurement.[5] Input current < 3 Arms.U1252A FREQUENCY SENSITIVITY DURING VOLTAGE MEASUREMENTDUTY CYCLE (1)[1] Positive or negative pulse width must be greater than 10 µs and the range of duty cycle should be considered. The range of pulse width is determined by the frequency of the signal.U1251A & U1252A FREQUENCY SENSITIVITY DURING CURRENT MEASUREMENTPEAK HOLD (Capturing changes)U1252A FREQUENCY COUNTER SPECIFICATIONS Divide 1 (secondary display “-1-”)Divide 100 (secondary display “-100-”)FREQUENCY SENSITIVITY AND TRIGGER LEVEL FOR U1252AINPUT RANGEMINIMUM SENSITIVITY(R.M.S. Sine-Wave)TRIGGER LEVEL FOR DC COUPLING (Maximum input for specified accuracy = 10 x Range or1000 V)20 Hz-200 kHz >200 kHz ~ 500 kHz< 100 kHz >100 kHz ~ 500 kHz 50.000 mV 10 mV25 mV 10 mV 25 mV 500.00 mV 70 mV 150 mV 70 mV 150 mV 1000.0 mV 120 mV 300 mV 120 mV 300 mV 5.0000 V 0.3 V 1.2 V 0.6 V 1.5 V 50.000 V 3 V5 V6 V 15 V 500.00 V 30 V < 100 kHz N/A 60 V N/A 1000.0 V50 V < 100 kHz N/A 120 V N/AMODE RANGE ACCURACY AT FULL SCALEDC Coupling0.01% ~ 99.99%0.3% per kHz + 0.3%INPUT RANGE MINIMUM SENSITIVITY (R.M.S. Sine-Wave)20 Hz - 20 kHz 500.00 µA 100 µA 5000.0 µA 250 µA 50.000 mA 10 mA 440.00 mA 25 mA 5.0000 A 1 A 10.000 A2.5 ASIGNAL WIDTH ACCURACY FOR DC mV/VOLTAGE/CURRENTSingle event > 1 ms 2% + 400 for all ranges Repetitive > 250 µs2% + 1000 for all rangesRANGE RESOLUTION ACCURACY SENSITIVITYMIN. INPUT FREQUENCY99.999 Hz 0.001 Hz 0.02% + 3100 mV R.M.S.0.5 Hz999.99 Hz 0.01 Hz 0.002% + 5, <2 MHz9.9999 kHz 0.0001 kHz 99.999 kHz 0.001 kHz 999.99 kHz 0.01 kHz 200 mV R.M.S.9.9999 MHz0.0001 MHzRANGE RESOLUTION ACCURACY SENSITIVITY MIN. INPUT FREQUENCY9.9999 MHz 0.0001 MHz 0.002% + 5,<20 MHz400 mV R.M.S. 1 MHz99.99 MHz 0.001 MHz600 mV R.M.S.PULSE WIDTH (1)MODE RANGE ACCURACY AT FULL SCALE500 ms 0.01 ms 0.2 % + 32000 ms0.1 ms0.2 % + 3U1252A SQUARE WAVE OUTPUTOPERATING CHARACTERISTICS Measuring rateDECIBEL (dB) CALCULATIONOUTPUT (1) RANGERESOLUTION ACCURACY FREQUENCY 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 75, 80, 100, 120, 150, 200, 240, 300, 400, 480, 600, 800, 1200, 1600, 2400, 4800 Hz0.01Hz 0.005% +2DUTY CYCLE (2) 0.39% ~ 99.60%0.390625%0.4% of full scale (3)PULSE WIDTH (2)1/Frequency Range/2560.2 ms+ Range/256AMPLITUDEFixed 0 ~ +2.8 V0.1 V0.2 VFunction Times/second ACV7ACV + dB 7DCV 7ACV7AC + DC V 2 Ω/nS 14Diode14Capacitance 4 (< 100 µF)DCI 7ACI7AC + DC I 2Temperature 6Frequency 2 (>10 Hz)Duty cycle 1 (>10 Hz)Pulse width1 (>10 Hz)dB BASE REFERENCE DEFAULT REFERENCE1 mW (dBm)1-9999 Ω50 Ω1 V (dBV)1 V1 VGENERAL SPECIFICATIONSDISPLAYBoth primary and secondary displays are 5-digit liquid crystal display (LCD) with maximum reading of 50,000 counts. Automatic polarity indication.POWER CONSUMPTION105 mVA / 420 mVA (with backlit) maximum (U1251A) 165 mVA / 480 mVA (with backlit) maximum (U1252A)OPERATING ENVIRONMENTFull accuracy at –20 °C to 55 °CFull accuracy to 80% RH for temperature up to 35 °C, decreasing linearly to 50% RH at 55 °C Altitude:0 - 2000 meters per IEC 61010-1 2nd Edition CAT III, 1000 V 2000 - 3000 meters per IEC 61010-1 2nd Edition CAT III, 600 V STORAGE COMPLIANCE 40 °C to 70 °C SAFETY COMPLIANCECertified by CSA for IEC/EN/CSA/UL 61010-1 2nd EditionMEASUREMENT CATEGORYCAT III 1000 V Overvoltage Protection up to 2000m, Pollution degree 2EMC COMPLIANCECertified to IEC/EN 61326: 2002, CISPR 11, and equivalents for Group 1, Class ACOMMON MODE REJECTION RATIO (CMRR)> 90 dB at DC, 50/60 Hz + 0.1% (1k Ω ubalanced)NORMAL MODE REJECTION RATIO (NMRR)> 60 dB at DC, 50/60 Hz + 0.1%TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT0.15 * (specified accuracy)/ °C (from -20 °C to 18 °C or 28 °C to 55 °C)SHOCK and VIBRATION Tested to IEC/EN 60068-2DIMENSION (HxWxD)203.5 mm x 94.4 mm x 59.0 mm WEIGHT504±5 grams with battery (U1251A) 527±5 grams with battery (U1252A)CHARGING TIME (only U1252)<220 minutes approx. at the environment of 10 °C to 30 °C. WARRANTY1 year factory +2 years extended warranty[1] Output impedance: 3.5 k Ω maximum.[2] The positive or negative pulse width must be greater than 50 µs for adjusting the duty cycle or pulse width under different frequency. Else, the accuracy and range will be different from the definition.[3] For signal frequencies greater than 1 kHz, an addition of 0.1 % per kHz is added to the accuracy.94.4 mm203.5 mmAccessories Included:•Soft carrying case•Alkaline 9 V Battery (U1251A only)•Rechargeable 7.2 V Battery (U1252A only)•Power cord & AC adaptor (U1252A only)•U1160A Standard Test Lead Kit •Quick Start Guide•Reference CD containing the User’s Guide, application software and instrument drivers •Certificate of Calibration (CoC)•Test Report Optional Accessories (Sold seperately):•U1161A Extension test lead kit •U1173A IR to USB cable•U1180A Thermocouple lead kitDIMENSIONAgilent TechnologiesFor more information on Agilent Technologies’ products, applications or services, please con-tact your local Agilent office. The complete list is available at:/find/contactus Phone or Fax United States:(tel) 800 829 4444(fax) 800 829 4433Canada:(tel) 877 894 4414(fax) 800 746 4866China:(tel) 800 810 0189(fax) 800 820 2816Europe:(tel) 31 20 547 2111Japan:(tel) (81) 426 56 7832(fax) (81) 426 56 7840Korea:(tel) (080) 769 0800(fax) (080) 769 0900Latin America:(tel) (305) 269 7500Taiwan:(tel) 0800 047 866(fax) 0800 286 331Other Asia Pacific Countries:(tel) (65) 6375 8100(fax) (65) 6755 0042Email:*****************Contacts revised: 05/27/05Product specifications and descriptions in this document subject to change without notice.© Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2006Printed in USA, July 25, 20065989-5509ENAgilent Technologies’ Test and Measurement Support, Services, and AssistanceAgilent Technologies aims to maximize the value you receive, while minimizing your risk and problems. We strive to ensure that you get the test and measurement capabilities you paid for and obtain the support you need. Our extensive support resources and services can help you choose the right Agilent products for your applications and apply them successfully. Every instrument and system we sell has a global warranty. Two concepts underlie Agilent’s overall support policy: “Our Promise” and “Your Advantage.”Our PromiseOur Promise means your Agilent test and measurement equipment will meet its advertised performance and functionality. When you are choosing new equipment, we will help you with product information, including realistic performance specifications and practicalrecommendations from experienced test engineers. When you receive your new Agilent equipment, we can help verify that it works properly and help with initial product operation.Your AdvantageYour Advantage means that Agilent offers a wide range of additional expert test and measurement services, which you can purchase according to your unique technical andbusiness needs. Solve problems efficiently and gain a competitive edge by contracting with us for calibration, extra-cost upgrades, out-of-warranty repairs, and on-site education and training, as well as design, system integration, project management, and other professional engineering services. Experienced Agilent engineers and technicians worldwide can help you maximize your productivity, optimize the return on investment of your Agilent instruments and systems, and obtain dependable measurement accuracy for the life of those products.Agilent Email Updates/find/emailupdatesGet the latest information on the products and applications you select.Agilent Direct/find/agilentdirectQuickly choose and use your test equipment solutions with confidence.。
NCP1216ANCP1252做正激设计应用正激设计应用是一种广泛应用于电源系统中的设计技术。
在正激设计中,NCP1216A和NCP1252是两款常用的控制器芯片,它们可以实现高效率、可靠性和稳定性的电源系统设计。
NCP1216A是一款可编程的固定频率电源因子校正、切换策略双输出PWM控制器。
该芯片配备了高性能的16位XVID (eXtreme Voltage Interface and Drive) 驱动引脚,可在宽范围的工作电压下实现高达700 VDC的耐压能力。
NCP1216A内置了多种保护功能,如过功率保护、过温保护和过电压保护,以确保电源系统的稳定和安全性。
此外,NCP1216A还具有休眠模式,可在轻载时降低功率消耗。
NCP1252是一款可编程高性能的固定频率电源因子校正PWM控制器。
与NCP1216A相比,NCP1252具有更高的集成度和更强大的功能。
它采用了嵌入I2C总线数字接口和极高的模拟内容,能够有效控制各种类型的电源因子校正。
该芯片还内置了完整的防护机制,如过温保护、过流保护和过电压保护,以确保电源系统的稳定性和可靠性。
在使用NCP1216A和NCP1252进行正激设计应用时,需要先确定电源系统的需求和规格。
这包括输入电压范围、输出电压和电流、负载特性等。
根据这些参数,可以选择合适的NCP1216A或NCP1252芯片,并进行相应的电路设计。
在设计中,需要考虑的几个关键因素包括电感、电容和开关管的选型。
选择适当的电感和电容可以确保电源系统具有良好的抗干扰性和稳定性。
选择合适的开关管可以提供高效率和可靠性。
设计电路时,需要根据NCP1216A或NCP1252的数据手册提供的应用指导和推荐电路来进行。
这些电路包括输入滤波器、电源因子校正电路、PWM控制电路等。
同时,电源系统的布局和连接也需要遵循一定的规范,以确保信号的可靠传输和电子部件的散热。
在设计完成后,需要进行严格的测试和验证。
目录第二章选择题练习.......................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
第三章填空题练习.......................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
第四章判断题练习.......................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
第五章名词解释练习........................................................ 错误!未定义书签。
一.名词解释常规练习.................................................. 错误!未定义书签。
二、新增题型:写出以下名词的全称,并写出其意思。
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第六章画图题.............................................................. 错误!未定义书签。
一.常规题练习........................................................ 错误!未定义书签。
二、新增题型练习:据图回答问题........................................ 错误!未定义书签。
第七章简答题练习.......................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
第八章综合、计算、分析题练习.............................................. 错误!未定义书签。
第九章证明题练习.......................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
载噪比(C/N)和调制误码率(MER)对BER的影响为了更好地保证数字有线电视的传输质量,需要合理地规划载噪比(C/N)和调制误码率(MER)以确保误码率(BER)指标能够保持在良好的范围内。
BER被定义为发生误码的比特数与传输的总比特之比。
BER测量结果通常使用工程表示法,并常常显示为一个瞬时比值和一个平均比值。
典型的目标值为1E-09,准无误码BER为2E-04;临界BER为1E-03;BER大于1E-03将丧失服务。
越低的BER代表更好的传输质量。
C/N对BER的影响对于仅仅具有加性高斯白噪声的理想信道而言,当Eb/No确定以后,达到一定BER值所要求的C/N为:C/N= (Eb /No)×(R/B),Eb/No= (C/N)×B/R式中:Eb:信号的每比特能量。
No:传输信道的噪声功率谱密度。
B:检波滤波器的等效噪声带宽。
C/N:传输信道的载噪比(dB)。
R:比特率,表征传输信号的频谱效率。
根据上式可以绘出BER与C/N关系曲线,就得到著名的瀑布曲线如图1所示。
从图中可以看出,对任何一种给定的调制技术,传输信道的载噪比(或NPR)越高,则其BER特性就会越好。
对给定的调制技术,如果希望传输信道(或传输设备)的比特误码率特性更好,要么增加传输信号的每比特能量(Eb),要么降低传输信道(或传输设备)的噪声功率谱密度(No)。
从图1看出,对64QAM 调制方式要求C/N 大于24dB 才能保证BER 优于10-4,C/N 大于28dB 才能保证BER 优于10 -9。
MER 对BER 的影响MER 被定义为调制后的符号位置与理想位置之间的比值。
信号越好,调制后的符号就越接近理想位置,相反就远离理想位置。
当信号质量下降到一定程度的时候,符号最终会被错误解码,此时BER 增大。
使用MER 可以很好的量化噪声与入侵干扰在他们对BER 造成影响之前。
右图是一个受测调制器逐步引入噪声,并记录下MER 和Viterbi 前的BER 值,所获得MER 与BER 的关系曲线。
设计创新科技创新与应用Technology Innovation and Application2018年11期多路输出开关电源设计王杰(上海海事大学,上海201306)摘要:安森美半导体公司的NCP1252是一款电流模式PWM控制器,它使用内部固定的定时器,可以不依赖于辅助电压来检测输出过载。
文章介绍了基于NCP1252芯片的多路输出开关电源设计,分析了开关电源的工作原理,给出了设计步骤。
该开关电源可提供软起动、短路保护、过流保护等功能,并将该电源成功用于某型雷达收发机,验证了分析、设计的有效性。
关键词:NCP1252芯片;多路输出;开关电源中图分类号:TN86 文献标志码:A 文章编号=2095-2945(2018)11-0086-02Abstract: The ON Semiconductor's NCP1252 is a current-mode PWM controller that uses internally fixed timers to detect output overload without relying on auxiliary voltages. This paper introduces the design of multi -output switching power supply based on NCP1252 chip, analyzes the working principle of switch power supply, and gives the design steps. The switching power supply can provide soft start, short circuit protection, over-current protection and so on. The power supply has been successfully used in a certain type of radar transceiver, which verifies the effectiveness of the analysis and design.Keywords: NCP1252 chip; multiplex output; switching power supply引言电源如同人的心脏,为各种电子设备提供电能,性能 优劣直接影响到整个电子系统的稳定性。
离线控制器NCP1216APWM电流模式高功率控制器通用离线用品坐落在SOIC-8或PDIP-7封装,NCP1216代表基于控制器的NCP1200的一个增强版本。
由于其高的驱动能力,NCP1216驱动大栅极电荷的MOSFET,连同内部斜坡补偿和内置的频率抖动,缓解现代化的AC-DC适配器的设计。
其内部结构在不同的固定频率操作,控制器用品本身,避免了从高电压轨需要一个辅助绕组。
自然,此功能简化了设计在某些特定的应用程序,例如任务电池充电器或电视机。
电流模式控制提供了一个极好的音频输入易感性和固有的脉冲,脉冲控制。
内部斜坡补偿容易采取防止次谐波振荡放置在连续传导模式设计。
当电流给定值低于一个给定值,例如输出电力需求减少,IC自动进入所谓的跳周期模式,在轻负载条件下提供出色的效率。
发生这种情况,因为在用户可调的低峰值电流,没有声噪声。
的NCP1216具有高效的保护电路,这存在下的过电流状态关闭输出脉冲,而设备进入安全突发模式,试图重新启动。
一旦默认已消失,器件自动恢复。
特点•无需辅助绕组操作 •电流模式控制,具有可调跳周期能力•内部斜坡补偿 •有限公司50%的占空比(NCP1216A只有)•内置1.0 ms软启动(NCP1216A只有) •内置的频率抖动更好的EMI签名•自动恢复内部输出短路保护 •极低的空载待机功耗•500 mA峰值电流能力 •固定频率为65kHz的频率版本,100千赫,133千赫•内部温度关机 •直接光耦连接•SPICE模型可用于瞬态和AC分析 •引脚对引脚兼容与NCP1200系列•这些是无铅和无卤化物设备典型应用•高功率AC-DC转换器,用于电视,机顶盒等。
•离线适配器的笔记本电脑•电信DC-DC转换器•所有的电源供应器本文描述,將NCP1216A用於單端正激變換器的設計程序,用於通訊系統. 輸入電壓範圍:36~72V DC 輸出功率30W 12V 2.5A 效率要求 >85% 輸入輸出隔离電壓為1500V. NCP1216A是一個適合於此的合適的選擇,這是由於: 50%最大占容比工作. 正激式變換器通常都將占空比限制於50%,由於電壓復位值強制於等于輸入電壓.(1:1)因此不得超過50%,以防磁芯飽合. 無輔助繞組工作. 用Dss(動態自供電方式)允許NCP1216A直接從高壓線路供電,而不用Vcc.當然也可以選用輔助繞組. 500mA峰值電流驅動能力. NCP1216A可直接驅動功率MOSFET,可不用附加驅動級,如果選擇的MOSFET栅驅動超出Dss能力,則必須加輔助繞組供電. 電流型工作. 逐個周期的初級電流監視,以消除任何因二次側短路及過流造成的飽合 直接光耦反饋連接 應用中,輸入輸出之間隔离,加一光耦即可,省去好多元件.极低的空載功耗. 很易實現當今對綠色電源的空載功耗的要求. 短路保護. 用監視反饋端的激活與否,NCP1216A易如反掌地實現二次短路保護.耦合問題消除了對槽路的需求. 35W DC/DC 的技術規範. Vimin 36V Vmax >72V Vout 12V Iout 3A f = 100KHz No Load 48V <1.8mA 環繞0~70℃. 原理圖如圖1所標 變換器接線簡述 C1,C2,C3及L1為輸入濾波網絡.D3,C5及R5為初級吸收回路,與此同時,加了去磁繞組以极大地降低損耗.D1,R2,R3為電流互感器網路元件.這幾步使總效率在小功率情況下>85%.IC1為主控電路,二次側D4A及D4B為整流及回流二极管.電容C6提供共模電流回路(隔直電容),R7~R10,C12,TL431光耦.IC2組成隔離反饋網絡.保持輸出電壓穩定.吸收電路R6,C7,接電感L2兩端,此為防高頻振蕩.L2,C8,C9,C10為輸出濾波.L3及C11為再次濾波.以減少高頻噪聲. 各部分設計過程如下: 主變壓器設計 在正激變換器中,其磁芯要確保加輸入電壓到初級繞組.它建起磁通φ.它通過初次級繞組,用法拉弟定律.E=N.dφ/dt,此處E為N匝繞組感應電壓,以產生磁通φ.此外加上輸入電壓僅在ton時間,由此用伏秒积的方式:有: Ae 磁芯有效截面積. β 磁芯的磁通密度 這樣最高磁密Δβmax及初級峰值磁化電流Ipeax由初級電感L1及最高輸入電壓根據(2),(3)式給出.此處:Vin‐‐‐‐最大輸入電壓 L1‐‐‐‐初級繞組電感 Fop‐‐‐‐工作頻率 Dmax‐‐‐‐最大占空Np‐‐‐‐初級匝數 初級的磁化電流不參與能量傳輸,卻在初級繞組和開關中造成損耗,當開關關斷時,變压器磁芯必須復位.為讓其磁芯復位,要加一復位電路.磁化電流Imag要保持較小值,遠小於初級電流. 磁密Δβ選擇要與磁芯材料的飽合磁密βmax相適應.還要放虙磁滯效率.磁芯溫升帶來的變化.此外,磁密隨頻率的升高會下降,建議在高頻時(>100KHg),選在0.15~0.2T.如果選擇更高磁密,損耗會增加.初級繞組匝數按下式計算.:對EFD‐25,磁芯,其截面Ae=58mm2.Vin max=80V f=100KHz 選Δβmax=0.2T最大Dmax=0.5,於是求出Np=35. 復位繞組匝數取決於應力設計,復位繞組匝數低於主繞組時,主功率Mos漏极電壓會低於2*Vin max但是.這會限制最大占空比.使之少於50%.傳统上,復位繞組匝數若大於主繞組,最大占空比會增加,但MOSFET電壓應力將大於2*Vin max. 綜合上述,習慣上選擇復位繞組匝數與主繞組匝比為1:1,這一點很重要,即復位繞組要與主繞組繞制時緊密耦合.若兩繞組間漏感較大,則會影響整體轉換效率.而二次繞組匝數Ns由下式求出.Vout‐‐‐‐輸出電壓 Vf‐‐‐‐整流器正向壓降 Vin min‐‐‐‐最低輸入電壓 對於EFD‐25,可得出Ns=25. 初次級繞組必須注意防止趋膚效應(SKIN),可用幾種方法解決.一是多根導線並聯,對應頻率下的最大導線直徑由下式求出. 所選初次級導線整個截面積由整個輸出功率及允許的溫升決定,電流密度大於2~3.5A/mm2.若用風冷,電密可以到5~6A/mm2 復位繞組可用一根細導線繞出即可,給出的去磁電流很小. 在某些情況下,加入一小點氣隙在變壓器磁芯中,這可以大幅度減小磁芯的剩磁.Br.防止磁芯飽合,便會影響一點效率,會使磁化電流加大,此外會使Vcc繞組接成flybeck時產生穩定的Vcc. 輸出濾波電感設計. 輸出電感值的選擇取決於可接受的紋波電流的水平.要求小紋波時,可選大電感值,另一方面,電流紋波時.就必須用大的輸出電容.以減小紋波電壓.實際上限制紋波電流在10~20%.的平均電流,最大電流紋波ΔImax出現在50%占空比時,由下式給出.此處:Vsec max‐‐‐‐二次繞組電高電壓 L2‐‐‐‐ L2的電感量. 在NCP1216A中,用了100MH 電感,最大輸出紋波電流為ΔImax=2.0A,這相對較高,便可減小電感尺寸. 輸出電容值要選擇得在最大允許的輸出電壓時流過RMS電流產生最小的紋波電壓. 電流互感器的設計. 電流互感器.用於取代電流檢測電阻減小功耗.在此處大約減小了三瓦的功耗.采用電流互感器功耗大約只有0.05W.(50mw),其缺點是產生電流誤差.它由此互感器產生.會降低電流檢測的準確性. 互感器二次繞了38匝,用於NCP1216A,初級為1匝銅片.峰值電流I 2pk由下式求出此處 I 1pk為峰值電流(功率開關的) Ns為二次繞組匝數. Imag pk為磁化電流峰值. 圖2示出電流互感器的實用電路,峰值磁化電流由(9)式給出:此處:Vcs th max電流檢測輸入的最大電壓阈值. Ls‐‐‐‐二次繞組的電感值. 電流檢測電阻的阻值Rsonse由(10)式求出:NCP1216A前沿消隱電路(LEB)容許設計一個RC网絡在開關開啟時.抑制電感尖峰. 初級RCD 箝位電路及電感箝位網絡設計. 由於繞制工藝導致的初次級繞組間的漏感決不會為0.儲存在此漏感中的能量(在ton時)會在開關關斷時產生大的尖刺.為保護功率開關不被尖刺破壞,.加一個RCD网絡.這些元件值不僅取決於漏感值,還與反射電壓,PCB佈局的寄生參數及RCD電容直接相關.RCD箝制功耗由(11)式給出.此處:Lleak‐‐‐‐漏感值 Vclamp‐‐‐‐箝位電壓值 Vrefl‐‐‐‐反射電壓值(Vrefl=Vin max) 箝位元件值的選擇由下式給定:此處:Vipple為箝位電容上的紋波電壓. 一個RC吸收网絡,接到電感L2抑制寄生振蕩,此振蕩常發生在回流及整流二极管工作交替階段. 調整环的設計 采用TL431並聯式穩壓器作回饋.光耦提供好的隔离,輸出電壓設置由下式給出:流過光耦LED的最大電流由電阻R7決定,TLV431內部功耗很低.這樣不同旁路電阻給LED.電阻R8及C12用於反饋環的補償网絡.最佳數值可由反饋的響應網絡測量. .双开关正激转换器原理介绍及其应用设计更新于2012-07-16 04:17:51 文章出处:互联网双开关转换器原理单开关(或称单晶体管)正激转换器是一种最基本类型的基于变压器的隔离降压转换器,广泛用于需要大降压比的应用。
TD1252 RF频率特性测试仪使用说明书成都天大仪器设备有限公司目录1.概述 2页2.仪器的配套 2页3.仪器的性能参数2页4.仪器方框图及工作原理简述 5页5.仪器面板各组成部分的名称、用途及操作说明 5页6.仪器使用及存放须知 8页7.仪器的应用测量 9页8.附录和附图12页附录 A 回波损耗与驻波系数换算表12页附录 B 输出衰减器衰减量与输出电平对照表 13页附图仪器取下盖板后的视图 14页一.概述扫频测量技术是频率特性测量中的一种必不可少的测量手段。
与过去的逐点测量法相比,扫频测量在某一连续频段的频率特性测量中,具有方便、快捷和直观等特点,而且避免了被测频段中一些特性频点的遗失,真实地反映出整个频段特性。
TD1252 RF频率特性测试仪就是用来进行扫频测量的且适用频带很宽的仪器。
它主要由双通道对数显示系统和5~1000 MHz高频扫描信号源组成,可通用于甚高频和超高频范围内各种无线电网络、接收和发射设备的扫频动态测试,例如:有源和无源四端网络、滤波器、监频器以及放大器等的传输特性和反射特性的测量。
特别适用于日益普及的全频道VHF∕UHF电视广播、CATV和MATV系统的测试。
本仪器设计思想新颖,高频部分采用表面按装技术(SMT),关键部位选用优质元器件,确保了整机性能的长期稳定,提高了使用可靠性和性价比。
本仪器的显示部分有两个输入通道,可同时显示两个测试结果,例如:被测装置的传输和反射特性,从而提高了工作效率。
本仪器具有宽频带特点,可进行5~1000 MHz全频段一次扫频,满足宽带测试要求。
也可进行窄带扫频和给出稳定的单频可调信号源。
输出动态范围大,谐波小(典型值为-35 dBc)。
同时具有多种精确的标志可供选择。
平坦度由外补偿校正,能适用于各种工作场合,给用户带来使用便利。
信号源和显示部分一体化,外型尺寸小,便于携带,可满足室内外不同工作环境,是工厂、科研单位和院校的基础测试仪器。
C COMPILER 使用手册March 27, 2012本使用手册版权为盛群半导体股份有限公司所有,非经盛群半导体股份有限公司书面授权同意,不得透过任何形式复制、储存或传输。
目录数据类型 (1)数组 (1)标识符保留字 (1)运算符 (2)前置处理指令 (3)预处理指令#pragma (3)const变量功能 (4)预定义的头档 (4)main函数 (4)中断函数 (5)内建函数 (5)其它的功能 (6)【注】:下列表格中的“Y”代表有,“N表没有。
float/double 皆使用 IEEE754 32位格式bit 型态不可用于指标(pointer) 的数据型态,不可定义为const。
为局域时,占用一个byte(但只有一个bit有效),为全域时,占用一个bit。
【注】:①若長度大於1 page,則有功能限制,功能限制是指使用時編譯通過,但可能會有bug,使用時要小心。
【注】:①产出错误信息:#error Size too big预处理指令#pragma格式:#pragma keyword [option]某些keyword会有options。
【注】:①比如,不能写:const char a = 5;void main(){char *b = &a;}但可以写:const char a[1] = {5};void main(){char *b = &a;}对于enhanced c,若要将int或unsigned int变量设定为常量时,建议使用constant而不是const,这样会使程序更高效。
【注】:①虽然不同的中断事件可以重迭发生,但是同一个中断事件不可以重迭产生,必须等候前一个发生被处理完成后,才能认可下一个中断事件。
针对不具有中断可重迭(nested)发生的微控制器,则在中断服务函式内不可开启中断功能。
②必须将被调用的函数定义成#pragma nolocal。
否则会造成ram空间重用,一般不推荐使用。
HSPVer2光谱分析系统测试报告绿极光电电光源测试报告产品特征产品型号:T84_KCW产品编号:4制造厂商:GPC球内温度:20.8℃环境温度:21.0℃环境湿度:43%测 试 员:y测试时间:16:11:39测试日期:2012-3-28色度参数色品坐标: x=0.3146 y=0.3261 u=0.2003 v=0.3114 u'=0.2003 v'=0.4670 duv=0.0007相关色温: Tc= 6423K 主 波 长: 487.7nm 色 纯 度: 6.9%峰值波长: 451nm 半 宽 度: 24.0nm色比R=13.9% G=82.5% B=3.7%显色指数: Ra= 74.3 Ra'= 64.2R1 =72 R2 =79 R3 =80 R4 =73 R5 =72 R6 =69 R7 =85R8 =64 R9 =-14R10=46 R11=68 R12=37 R13=74 R14=890.10.30.50.7光度参数光通量: 1382.1 lm 光效率: 83.8 lm/W辐射功率: 4.719W电量参数电 压:220.0V电 流:0.080A 功 率:16.50W功率因数:0.940仪器状态倍增管温度:21.4℃标准灯型号:A2856K/792.7lm 扫描方式:精确测试扫描范围:380nm-780nm扫描间隔: 5nm负高压:-430V主通道增益: 3暗 电 流: 23主信号峰值: 24149参考通道增益: 2参考信号初值: 41788最大波动: -0.168%室内灯测试报告报告编号:306090120150-150-120-90-60-30C0/180C30/210C60/240光强单位:cd C90/270064129193257322配光曲线测试设备:虹谱HPG1900测试设置: 5.0度/秒 B-Beta 测试方案温 度:20.6℃湿 度:43%距 离:9.823 m 测 试 员:yu日 期:2012年03月28日备 注:平 均 照 度图报告编号:1.00m277.00cm108.84lx 321.51lx 1.50m415.50cm48.37lx 142.89lx 2.00m554.00cm27.21lx 80.38lx 3.00m831.00cm12.09lx 35.72lx 5.00m1385.01cm4.35lx 12.86lx 高度平均照度中心照度光斑直径光束角:108.3度测试设备:虹谱HPG1900测试设置: 5.0度/秒 B-Beta 测试方案温 度:20.6℃湿 度:43%距 离:9.823 m 测 试 员:yu日 期:2012年03月28日备 注:环带光通量测试报告报告编号:γ5.0 0- 5 10.0 5- 10 15.0 10- 15 20.0 15- 20 25.0 20- 25 30.0 25- 30 35.0 30- 35 40.0 35- 40 45.0 40- 45 50.0 45- 50 55.0 50- 55 60.0 55- 60 65.0 60- 65 70.0 65- 70 75.0 70- 75 80.0 75- 80 85.0 80- 85 90.0 85- 90 95.0 90- 95100.0 95-100105.0100-105110.0105-110115.0110-115120.0115-120125.0120-125130.0125-130135.0130-135140.0135-140145.0140-145150.0145-150155.0150-155160.0155-160165.0160-165170.0165-170175.0170-175180.0175-180C0C45C90C135C180C225C270C315γ(°)Φ环Φ总单位:°单位:cd 单位:lm319.8320.2320.9319.6319.1318.3318.7318.77.6537.653315.2318.1320.4316.1313.4313.3316.0315.422.7030.36306.9313.2314.7310.2305.0306.1310.4309.637.0467.40295.6303.7309.0300.4292.9296.6304.8299.850.15117.5281.6292.6296.4289.5277.7286.3292.3289.161.60179.1264.8277.6283.8275.7261.2273.0279.9275.170.89250.0250.2261.1271.8258.9241.6256.5268.3258.678.22328.2228.4243.6259.7241.3224.6239.2256.7241.483.30411.5205.3224.6242.9221.9202.2220.4241.1223.486.05497.6181.7205.4226.1203.3178.0202.3225.5204.786.07583.7156.7186.1208.7181.5152.9181.0209.5186.283.82667.5130.6167.1191.3160.7127.7160.8193.5167.879.63747.1105.0145.9173.8142.8101.5143.4177.3147.273.85821.078.92126.9156.3124.675.84125.7161.0128.666.74887.753.45110.4137.7105.651.42107.4144.5112.858.66946.430.7891.05119.288.5728.3691.83128.094.6549.98996.411.5768.9090.1267.7110.6171.7698.4272.6539.8810361.92943.1360.9840.623.08744.4868.7945.7327.361064测试设备:虹谱HPG1900测试设置: 5.0度/秒 B-Beta 测试方案温 度:20.6℃湿 度:43%距 离:9.823 m 测 试 员:yu日 期:2012年03月28日备 注:矩形等光强曲线测试报告报告编号:-90-90-75-75-60-60-45-45-30-30-15-1500151530304545606075759090水平角度(度)垂直角度(度)光强单位: cd10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%测试设备:虹谱HPG1900测试设置: 5.0度/秒 B-Beta 测试方案温 度:20.6℃湿 度:43%距 离:9.823 m 测 试 员:yu日 期:2012年03月28日备 注:等照度测试报告报告编号:空间等照度曲线 单位:lxMH(m)34567891011S(m)48.0040.0032.0024.0016.008.0006.4004.0003.2002.400平面等照度曲线 单位:lx安装高度:1mS(m)0123908580757065605550454035302520151050C(DEG)26023019016013096.032.016.09.603.20测试设备:虹谱HPG1900测试设置: 5.0度/秒 B-Beta 测试方案温 度:20.6℃湿 度:43%距 离:9.823 m 测 试 员:yu日 期:2012年03月28日备 注:。
C COMPILER User’s Guide
March 27, 2012
Copyright© 2012 by HOLTEK SEMICONDUCTOR INC. All rights reserved. Printed in Taiwan. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical photocopying, recording, or otherwise without
Contents
Data Type (1)
Array (1)
Reserved Words (1)
Operator (2)
Preprocessor Instructions (3)
Preprocessor directive #pragma (3)
Const Variable (4)
Pre-defined Head Files (4)
Main Functions (4)
Interrupt Functions (5)
Built-in Functions (5)
Other Functions (6)
Note: In the table below, the “Y” means yes and “N” means no.
Float/double uses the IEEE754 32-bit format.
The bit variable cannot be pointer data type or defined as const. One byte is used as is in the local domain (however only one bit is effective) while only one bit is occupied when in the global domain.
Note: ①If the length is greater than 1 page, there are functional limitations,which means it can be compiled,but there might be bug. Be caution when using.
Note:①indicates error information: #error Size too big Preprocessor directive #pragma
The Format:
#pragma keyword [option]
Some keywords may have options.
Note: ①for instance, it cannot be written as:
const char a = 5;
void main()
{
char *b = &a;
}
However, it can be written as:
const char a[1] = {5};
void main()
{
char *b = &a;
}
For enhanced C, to declare the int or unsigned int as constant, it is recommended to use constant instead of const in order to increase program efficiency.
Note: ①Although different interrupts can be nested at the same time, the same interrupt cannot be generated twice at the same time until the previous interrupt ISR has completed.For those controllers without
interrupt nesting feature, the interrupt function cannot be enabled in the service routine.
②It is necessary to define the called function as #pragma nolocal, otherwise RAM overuse will occur
which is not recommended.
Note:①There are limited numbers of stack levels for every MCU. When using the HOLTEK C/Enhance C interrupt to call functions, the stack levels required should be taken into account. The numbers of layers
occupied by operators or functions during the calling process are shown in the table below.
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Copyright© 2012 by HOLTEK SEMICONDUCTOR INC.
The information appearing in this Data Sheet is believed to be accurate at the time of publication. However, Holtek assumes no responsibility arising from the use of the specifications described. The applications mentioned herein are used solely for the purpose of illustration and Holtek makes no warranty or representation that such applications will be suitable without further modification, nor recommends the use of its products for application that may present a risk to human life due to malfunction or otherwise. Holtek's products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems. Holtek reserves the right to alter its products without prior notification. For the most up-to-date information, please visit our web site at .。