PETS五级英语写作第一部分：重点关注一、评分标准：语言第一位；结构第二位；内容第三位；二、衔接过渡词的使用：启：first, at present, first of all, above all, at the first place, on the one hand, for one thing, to begin with，为第一观点。
承：second, on the other hand, in addition, additionally, moreover, what is more, furthermore, third, last but not least，为第二观点转: But, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, unlike, otherwise, conversely, unfortunately, whereas, unfortunately, surprisingly, ironically合：Accordingly, therefore, as a result, consequently, in conclusion, to sum up, in general, on the whole, by and large, in brief, briefly speaking因果：due to/ owing to/thanks to/as a result of + 名词___ in order to + 动词Along with/Coupled with + 名词As/since/because+句子引用：As the saying goes, as somebody put it,句型首尾：Given all the above factors, it is safe to reach the conclusion that __________.Taking into account all the above factors, it is reasonable to reach the conclusionthat __________.三、避免低级错误：三一致：主谓一致;时态一致;人称一致；两不能：不能串句，不能断句四、写作“五不能”1)观点不能缺乏角度2)观点绝对不能化3)专业术语不能过多4)例证陈腐不能陈腐5)不能过度依赖个人经历第二部分:范文范文（1）Directions:It has been more than 30 years since man first landed on the moon. Some people think that space research is a waste of money. Write an essay of no less than 250 words.范文（1）When it comes to the issue of space research, people vary in their views. Some journalists or free lancers maintain that it is a waste of money. However, through decades of practice and observation, it proves that this comment has many limitations.Admittedly, the idea that space research is a waste of money does contain an element of truth. But the people who criticize the rising cost of space exploration tend to ignore two other essentialaspects. To begin with, a nation can make the best use of its technology in space plans to serve the need of other countries. Therefore, the country in its space research can profit greatly from data exchange or rocket launching. In this sense, the financial return from the space plans will possibly far exceed the amount of the investment. What is more, through its space exploration, a nation can have more information about new material or the movement of heavenly bodies. All these results cannot be measured by money, but they are very important for the human beings.Given the reasons above, it is safe to conclude that a nation has to enhance its awareness that space research is important for the human beings. The government is obliged to take broad actions and set aside sufficient fund each year to encourage space study. Only in this way can space research develop quickly and benefit human beings in the future.范文（2）Since the 1960s, there has been some heated discussion on the feasibility of space research. Some people, free lancers or columnists in particular, always emphasize that it involves the bulk of investment that never expects financial reward. However, through years of practice and observation, this statement turns out to have a number of restrictions.Admittedly, the idea held by the people who lament over the annual budget in a package of space projects does contain an element of truth. But these arguers tend to ignore two other essential aspects. First, they fail to take into consideration the possibility that a country can utilize its cutting-edge technology in the moon landing projects, thus profiting significantly from satellite development, data transmission or rocket lift-off. In this sense, space investment is not always synonymous to a waste of money. Second, the arguers’ assertion doesn’t provide sufficient data to narrow down the exact extent of the financial loss. Therefore, any further conclusion addressing the problem of space research must be based on thorough investigation. As a matter of fact, space research and exploration provides the primary incentive for the development of space shuttles, space stations and sky labs,let alone other benefits from the discovery of rare material to the observation of new heavenly orbs. In this respect, money return is not the sole hallmark of the space research. Given reasons above, the argument above, under scrutiny, tend to be groundless in its hasty conclusion.In conclusion, the arguers’ evidence lends little credible support to her claim. To persuade people that space research is a waste of money, the arguers would need to provide clear evidence, sufficient data and thorough cost-benefit analysis of alternatives.(280words)Issue:Direction:It is generally acknowledged that families are now not as close as they used to be. Give reasons and recommendations.范文(1)Recently there has been some heated discussion on the family relationship. The issue that families are now not as close as they used to be is a complex one, since it involves a conflict of values. In my view, the final judgment will depended on a combination of two (three) essentialaspects.(原因1)Compared with the past, great changes have taken place in the size of a family life. As a result, the young people are more willing to live in their smaller family units rather than sharing the same apartment with the parents. With the time goes by, it is natural that family members are not as closed as they used to be. （原因2）Additionally, the pattern of social production as a whole also undergoes certain dramatic transformation. So the younger generation usually work under such a pressure that they seldom have enough time to stay with their parents. Gradually, the concept of a large family is fading from their minds. （原因3）Finally, the country has, for the past decades, witnessed an upsurge of scientific technology. So nowadays, a variety of modern technical devices are available. By and by, the young people find it more convenient to contact their parents through telephone or E-mails instead of staying with their parents.In view of such social phenomenon, it is imperative to take some urgent steps. For one thing, young generation is expected to enhance their awareness that a closed family is crucial for their parents. For another thing, the media, in collaboration with government departments concerned, is obliged to take concrete measures to encourage the young people to spend more time with their family members. Only in this way can a closed family be maintained.(298 words)范文（2）Recently there has been some heated discussion on the family relationship. The issue that families are currently not as intimate as they seem to be is a complex one, since it involves a conflict between traditional values of family unification and the modern ones . In my view, the final judgment will depend on a combination of two (three) essential aspects.At the first place, with the progress of a society, some people, the younger ones after the baby booms in particular, are more inclined to live in smaller family units. As a result, they will surely spend less time staying with their parents, thus creating certain isolation with their parents. At the second place, the change of production mode also offers a convincing interpretation of such social phenomenon. More often than not, young people, under the fierce social competition, tend to work longer hours. Under such conditions, it is not uncommon that they are deprived of any leisure moment, let alone sharing some time with their families. Gradually, the concept of a closed family fades from their consciousness. Finally,technical upsurge is also a major source of such a social observation, for if young people can resort to more effective means of communication such as telephones or E-mails, they will probably keep in touch with their families electronically rather than enjoying a dinner with them.Given the reasons above, it is safe to conclude that alienation has exerted negative impacts on the sustainable development of a family, but what measures should be taken to arrest and reverse this situation?Governments at all levels are expected to launch comprehensive projects that attach due importance to a closed family.Although these plans are geographically and culturally specific, they must contain a key element: education. By education I mean consensus among the young people that a closed family is an indispensable part in an ever-changing society. Many options still exist, and human beings can still have a bright future under a harmonious family atmosphere. As an old saying goes, “East or west, home is the best.”(344words)第四部分：合理选择立场With the increasing popularity of the Internet, someone says," The more friends you get on line, the fewer friends you will have around you." Write an essay (about 250 words) expressing your views on the statement.立论写法:Recently, there has been heated discussion on the increasing popularity of the Internet. Some people emphasized that individuals are so indulged in Internet browse and surfing that they increasingly feel isolated from the reality. As someone says: “the more friends one gets on line, the fewer he has around him.”The issue above is rather complex, for it involves a conflict between two divergent means of communication. The final judgment, I am afraid, rests upon a combination of three essential aspects. To begin with, great changes have taken place in the scientific technology. As a result, Internet, the gem of the twentieth century, always provides people with the up-to-date information. With time goes by, it is natural that people, teenagers in particular, rely on computers for information rather than turning to their friends and relatives. What is more, the means of communication as a whole also undergoes certain dramatic transformation. Accordingly, the younger generation, with the aid of electric mailboxes, QQ or on-line chats, can successfully contact their parents or colleagues. Gradually, E-mails, the symbol of convenience, tends to replace such traditional means such as weekend dinners and celebrating parties. Some observers might point out that the traditional means of communication will not fade away, and sooner or later people will be aware of their importance. Even so, the situation is not absolute, nor is it the most critical element. As a matter of fact, the distance between two locations, the time spent on transport vehicles as well as exhaustion from jobs will definitely compel people to choose more effective and convenient methods to keep contact with others.To sum up, it is safe to conclude that along with the computer boom, a growing number of people will rely on Internet to communicate with others. However, while they are doing so, it is likely that they have fewer friends around them.(310 words)驳论写法Since the 1960s, debates have been fueled on the ideal means of communication. Some observers, free lancers and columnists in particular, often emphasize that the more friends one has on line, the fewer one has in his life. However, through decades of practice and observation, it turns out that their statement has many restrictions.Admittedly, the idea held by those observers does contain an element of truth. For example, along with the computer boom, Internet, the gem of twentieth century scientific technology, is playing an increasingly important role in the means of communication. But these arguers tend to ignore two other essential aspects. First, they fail to take into account the possibility that a variety of technical devices are available. As a result, people can resort to telephones or faxes to maintain a more intimate human relationship. In this sense, the popularity of Internet is not always synonymous to the emotional isolations between people. Second, the arguers’ assertion doesn’tprovide sufficient data to narrow down the exact number of computer users who seldom contact their parents or colleagues. Therefore, any further conclusion addressing the problem must be based on thorough investigation. As a matter of fact, dinner parties, celebrating parties as well as other social activities always successfully bring people together. In this respect, the upsurge of electric contact is not the sole hallmark of the decrease of closed friends. Given reasons above, the argument above, under a careful examination, turns out to be groundless in its hasty conclusion.In conclusion, the arguers’ evidence lends little credible support to their claim. To persuade people that the more friends one has on line, the fewer friends one has in his life, the arguers would need to provide clear evidence, sufficient data and thorough cost-benefit analysis of alternatives. (297 words)练习题（1）Many technological innovations have been “double-edged swords” with positive and negative effects on society. The automobile is one of such innovations. What do you think is the overall impact of automobiles on society? Write an expository essay (about 250 words) expressing your views on it.写法(1)利弊对比,但是拒绝选择立场The issue that the automobile production is a double-edged sword is rather complex, since it involves a conflict between industrial expansion and the strategy of sustainable development. However, the final judgment should depend on a case-by-case analysis of several key factors.Since the 1960s, the world has witnessed some dramatic changes in the automobile technology. As a result,a growing number of transport vehicles have been manufactured, thus providing citizens with growing convenience and efficiency. Additionally,some economists believe that automobile production contributes to the national economy by paying more tax and providing more job vacancies. For example, In the United States or Japan, automobile industry remains the backbone of their marketing economy, the primary source of national wealth and the major provider of jobs. However, in some other instances, the above-mentioned situation is not always adequate. For instance,suppose a car that is poorly designed and gives off such poisonous gas as monoxide, methane or acetylene. Surely enough, the more cars a company manufactured, the more likely automobile production should be responsible for the environmental degradation of urban regions and the worsening health of the citizens. Another exception to this approach is the case of traffic congestion. Admittedly, when vehicles of various kinds rush to the same avenue, traffic jams invariably occur, which always gives rise to delays or accidents. These are exceptional cases, yet they do exist.Given the analysis above, it is justified to conclude that a proper use of automobiles has to be emphasized. For one thing, governmental departments are obliged to take concrete measures to boost automobile production while keeping track of the emission of pollutants. For another thing, citizens should be aware of the corresponding side effects while enjoying the leisure of their car ride. Only in this way can they benefit greatly from the rapid growth of automobile manufacture. (305 words)写法(2)先利后弊,倒向一边Recently there has been some heated discussion on the positive and negative effects the automobile has brought to a society. Some economists believe that the automobile companies contribute to the world economy by paying more taxes and securing more employments,while other people argue that vehicles of various kinds are the primary source of air pollution and traffic jam, therefore it is not proper to exaggerate the benefit of automobile production. By comparison, the latter point of view tends to be rather convincing.Admittedly, The idea held by those economists does contain an element of truth. For example, a nice car always offers more convenience while a man are on a business trip or go for an excursion on holiday. Nevertheless, they tend to neglect certain negative effects that may arise. First of all,automobiles give off a large amount of poisonous gas and pollute our environment. Second, as more cars are produced, they will probably rush to the same street at the same time. As a result, traffic jams often occur every day, especially during the rush hours. Third and last,although more cars have been produced, the drivers lack adequate training. Consequently, unskilled drivers are often primarily responsible for more car accidents, which in some cases, cost people precious lives. Some economists may also point out that automobile production is the primary source of national wealth. Even so, the situation is not absolute, nor is it the most critical element.As a matter of fact, monetary gain is not the sole hallmark of a happy life, and people are not expected to sacrifice their health for material luxury.Given the analysis above, it is justified to conclude that a proper use of automobiles has to be emphasized. For one thing, governmental departments are obliged to take concrete measures to boost automobile production while keeping track of the emission of pollutants. For another thing, citizens should be aware of the corresponding side effects while enjoying the leisure of their car ride. Only in this way can they benefit greatly from the rapid growth of automobile manufacture.(348 words)练习提（2）Throughout China, there has been a strong emphasis on quality education. However, schoolwork is still a heavy weight on pupils'' back. Write a short argumentative essay（about 300 words）explaining your point of view.Since the 1980s, debates have been fueled on the ideal means of education. Some observers often emphasize that although schoolwork is regarded as a heavy weight on pupils’back, it improves students’ understanding and proficiency in a particular subject. However, through decades of practice and observation, it turns out that their statement has many restrictions.Admittedly,the idea held by those arguers does contain an element of truth.For example, excessive school assignments, the symbols of academic burden, can successfully boost the academic ability of a student in certain subjects, literal arts in particular. But these arguers tend to ignore two other essential aspects. First, they fail to take into account the possibility that a student overwhelmed with a gigantic task of spelling or calculating is often deprived of other potentials such as imagination and creation, which are equally important for the sustainable development of a child. In this sense, the monotonous academic practice is not always synonymous to the inspiration of a balanced and healthy personality.Second,the arguers’assertion doesn’t provide sufficient data to narrow down the exact correlation between the amount of assignment and the future academic success. Therefore, any further conclusion addressing the problem must be based on thorough investigation. As a matter of fact, the educational approach orientated in the mastery and memory of certain information often crams a learner with irrelevant facts or confusing logic.By comparison, quality education tends to be ideal, for it aims at boosting one’s ability, inspiring one’s imagination and cultivating one’s understanding of the world. Given reasons above, the argument that the increase of academic training is central in the development of one’s quality, under a careful scrutiny, turns out to be groundless in its hasty conclusion.What measures should be taken so that people can benefit from the current educational system? For one thing, the learners, teenagers in particular, are expected to enhance their awareness that examinations are not the sole purpose of their study. For another thing, teachers and educationalists are obliged to initiate creative projects that tailor to the sustainable development of a child. Only in this way can a child enjoy the greatest from their learning, thus paving a way for their prospective career.(361 words)练习提（3）Teachers pay little attention to those school failures, assuming that academic failure means failure in everything. What do you think of this attitude? Write a short argumentative essay(about 250 words) explaining your view.Since the 1980s, there has been heated discussion on the correlation between the academic failure and the sustainable development of a child. Some teachers emphasize that academic failure will deprive a student of any opportunity to further his college education, thus bringing about disastrous changes to his prospective career. However, through numerous practices and observations, it turns out that their statement has many restrictions.Admittedly,the idea held by those arguers does contain an element of truth.For example, the repeated academic failure will definitely leave a man frustrated, hence often casting a shadow on his mood. But these arguers tend to ignore two other essential aspects. First, they fail to take into account the possibility that many people, though presenting a poor academic performance at school,turn out to be outstanding in realms other than their original academic research and study. Consider Charles Darwin who often flunked in his medical study. He later became the founder of the Natural Selection and Evolution. In this sense, the academic frustration is not always synonymous to the bankruptcy of one’s future professional career.Second,the teachers’ assertion doesn’t provide sufficient data to narrow down the exact correlation between the academic competence and the future achievement. Therefore, any further conclusion addressing the problem must be based on thorough investigation. As a matter of fact, when Albert Einstein was young, he couldn’t properly complete certain simple calculation. But he finally established himself as the founder of the Theory of Relativity. Given reasons above, the argument that the academic failure means failure in everything, under a careful scrutiny, turns out to be groundless in its hasty conclusion.In conclusion, th ese teachers’ evidence lends little credible support to their claim. To persuade people that academic success is central in one’s career, those teachers would needto provide clear evidence, sufficient data and thorough cause and-effect analysis of alternatives. (311 words)练习题（4）The command of one or more foreign languages is now a valuable asset for young people. While some find it easy to learn a foreign language, others feel that it really gives them headaches. Write a 250-word expository essay illustrating different kinds of language learners.The issue whether a good command of one foreign language is rather complex, since it involves a conflict between the divergent motives in language learning and the suitable approaches dealing with the target language. However, the final judgment should depend on a case-by-case analysis of several key factors.To begin with, since the 1980s, China has witnessed some dramatic changes in its relationship with other countries. As a result, more foreign companies have already invested in China. Under such situation, it is not surprising at all that a growing number of people, young ones in particular, are particularly interested in foreign language learning, for their linguistic competence will probably be a passport to an esteemed joint venture or bring to them a vacancy with the handsome salary. Additionally,some observers believe that sufficient financial support from the renowned educational institutions abroad also contribute to the rise of language learners. For example, In China, if a student performs well in such tests as TOEFL or GRE, he is more likely to be admitted by a foreign university. This consideration can also partly account for the increase of language learners. However, in some other instances, the above-mentioned situation is not always adequate. For instance, it is quite possible that a man learns a language out of his interest, or he is planning to work as an interpreter Surely enough, these are exceptional cases, yet they do exist.Given the analysis above, it is justified to conclude that it is a social phenomenon nowadays that more people begin to learn a foreign language. But what measures should be taken so that language learners can benefit from their study? For one thing, they are expected to enhance their awareness that proper approaches are central in the language study. For another thing, they must attach importance to such basics as grammar, pronunciation or spelling. Still, they must bear in mind that it requires painstaking efforts to take a good command of a foreign language. As Samuel Johnson put it, “Words can’t move mountains. It is diligence that accounts.”(332 words)第六部分：工具箱EDUCATION1.Prejudices, it is well known, are most difficult to eradicate from the heart whose soil has neverbeen loosened or fertilized by education; they grow there, firm as weeds among rocks.(Charlotte Bronte: English novelist)cation is a progressive discovery of our own ignorance. (William Durant: Founder ofGeneral Motors)3.Study can serve for delight, discourses and ability.(Francis Bacon: English essayist, statesmanand philosopher.)4.The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet. (Aristotle: Ancient Greek philosopher)cation is an admirable thing, but it is well to remember from time to time that nothing thatis worth knowing can be taught."(Oscar Wilde: English Dramatist)THINKING1.The men of experiment are like the ant, they only collect and use; the reasoners resemblespiders, which make cobwebs out of their own substance. But the bee takes the middle course: it gathers its material from the flowers of the garden and field, but transforms and digests it bya power of its own. (Francis Bacon)2.Humanity needs practical men,. But humanity also needs dreamers,3.Give me a lever long enough and a fulcrum on which to place it, and I shall move the world.4.Science is organized knowledge. Wisdom is organized life.LIFE1.You don't get to choose how you're going to die. Or when. You can only decide how you'regoing to live.2.Look and you will find it----what is unsought will go undetected.(Sophocles)3.Life is a promise. Fulfill it.4.Great minds have purposes, little minds have wishes (Irving, Washington)5.Success is never final (Winston Churchill)ATTITUDE:1.Trust yourself. Each heart vibrating on that iron string. (Ralph Emerson)2.Confidence is the companion of success. (Unknown)3.Make the most of yourself, for that is all there is of you. (Ralph Waldo Emerson)4.If you really put a small value upon yourself, rest assured that the world will not raise yourprice (Unknown)5.Always bear in mind that your own resolution to succeed is more important than any otherone thing (Abraham Lincoln)6.Small opportunities are often the beginning of great enterprises.DIFFICULTY AND COURAGE1.Never leave that "till tomorrow which you can do today. (Benjamin Franklin)2.If you lose hope, somehow you lose the vitality that keeps life moving, you lose that courageto be, that quality that helps you go on in spite of it all. And so today I still have a dream.(Martin Luther King)3.In the middle of difficulty lies opportunity (Albert Einstein)4.Difficulties increase the nearer we get to the goal (Goethe)5.The pessimist sees difficulty in every opportunity. The optimist sees the opportunity in everydifficulty.DILIGENCE1.Happiness is not the mere possession of money; it lies in the joy of achievement, in the thrillof creative effort.(Franklin Roosevelt)2.Diligence is the mother of good luck. (Thomas Fuller)3.Diligence is the mother of good fortune, and idleness, its opposite, never brought a man to thegoal of any of his best wishes4.The expectations of life depend upon diligence; the mechanic that would perfect his workmust first sharpen his tools.(Confucius)5.Few things are impossible to diligence and skill. Great works are performed not by strength,but perseverance.(Samuel Johnson)GOALS1.If you want to live a happy life, tie it to the goal, not the people or the things. (Albert Einstein)2.Success is not final. Failure is not fatal. It is the courage to continue that counts.(WinstonChurchill)3.Set your goals high, and don’t stop until you get there.4.Words can’t move mountains. It is diligence that accounts.5.To strive, to seek, to find, but not to yield (Tennyson)LOVE1.The best and most beautiful things in the world cannot be seen or even touched.They must be felt with the heart (Helen Keller)2.Love is patient; love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast,it is not proud. It is not rude, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered,and it keeps no record of wrongs. Love does not delight in evilbut rejoices with the truth. It always protects, always trusts,always hopes, and always perseveres. Love never fails. (Holy Bible Corinth)TEAMWORK1.Trust men and they will be true to you; treat them greatly, and they will show themselvesgreat.(Emerson)2.Separated we fall. United we stand. (Lincoln)3.As long as they think alike, a few people can move a mountain. (Chinese proverb)ing together is beginning. Gathering together is process. Working together is success.(Henry Ford)一些典型例证1．环境保护大气污染：关键词：sulfur dioxide(二氧化硫，一氧化碳)Although substantial progress had been made, sulfur dioxide and monoxide levels were up 25 percent nationally and particulates were increased by more than 14 percent.What is more, pollution levels in a dozen cities were higher than those of1970. Of 20,000 major stationary sources of air pollution, about 5,000failed to meet the schedules, and well over half the steel plants andnonferrous smelters in the United States continued to be in violation offederal regulations.核污染(Chernobyl: 切尔诺贝利核事故)。
