广东省惠州市惠东高级中学2019届高三第二次模拟考试理科综合试卷——化学试卷

广东省惠州市高三理综-化学第二次模拟考试试卷姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________一、单选题 (共7题；共14分)1. （2分）(2018·浙江选考) 下列说法正确的是（）A . 油脂、糖类和蛋白质都能发生水解反应B . 油脂皂化反应可用硫酸作催化剂C . 淀粉溶液中加入硫酸，加热4～5 min，再加入少量银氨溶液，加热，有光亮银镜生成D . 福尔马林能使蛋白质发生变性，可用于浸制动物标本2. （2分） (2018高一上·石家庄期中) 下列各组数据中，前者刚好是后者两倍的是（）A . 2 mol H2O的摩尔质量和1 mol H2O的摩尔质量B . 200 mL 1 mol·L−1氯化钙溶液中c(Cl−)和100 mL 2 mol·L−1氯化钾溶液中c(Cl−)C . 常温下64 g二氧化硫中氧原子数和标准状况下22.4 L一氧化碳中氧原子数D . 20%NaOH溶液中NaOH的物质的量浓度和10%NaOH溶液中NaOH的物质的量浓度3. （2分） (2020高二下·奉化期中) 下列说法错误的是（）A . 反应中可能生成B . 反应的反应类型都是加成反应C . 中的碳碳双键可用酸性KMnO4溶液检验D . 与互为同分异构体4. （2分）糖类、油脂、蛋白质是维持人体生命活动所必需的三大营养物质，下列说法你认为正确的是（）①糖类是人体所需能量的主要来源②油脂在酸性条件下水解生成甘油和肥皂③蛋白质水解生成氨基酸④用平行光照射蛋白质溶液，在垂直光线的方向可看到一条明亮的通路⑤植物油是高级脂肪酸甘油酯，属于高分子化合物⑥淀粉、纤维素均属于多糖，二者的分子式均为（C6H10O5）n ，互为同分异构体．A . ②③④B . ①③⑤C . ①③④D . ②⑤⑥5. （2分） (2018高二上·安平期中) 某原电池总反应的离子方程式为：2Fe3++Fe=3 Fe2+ ，能实现该反应的原电池是（）A . 正极为铜，负极为铁，电解质溶液为FeCl2溶液B . 正极为C，负极为铁，电解质溶液为Fe(NO3)3溶液C . 正极为铁，负极为锌，电解质溶液为Fe2(SO4)3D . 正极为银，负极为铁，电解质溶液为CuSO4溶液6. （2分） (2015高一下·沁县期中) 下列关于元素周期表和元素周期律的说法错误的是（）A . Li、Na、K元素的原子核外电子层数随着核电荷数的增加而增多B . 第二周期元素从Li到F，非金属性逐渐增强C . 因为Na比K容易失去电子，所以Na比K的还原性强D . O与S为同主族元素，且O比S的非金属性强7. （2分） (2018高二上·北京期中) 物质的量浓度相同的下列各溶液，由水电离出的c（OH-）由大到小的顺序正确的是（）①NaHCO3②NaHSO4③Na2SO4④Na2CO3A . ①②③④B . ④③①②C . ④①③②D . ①④③②二、综合题 (共4题；共30分)8. （7分） (2020高一上·哈尔滨月考) 已知实验室制取氯气的反应原理为：MnO2 + 4HCl(浓)MnCl2+Cl2↑+2H2O，据此回答下列问题：（1）该反应中氧化剂是.________(填化学式)，被氧化的元素是________ (填元素名称) 。

惠州市达标名校2019年高考二月仿真备考化学试题一、单选题（本题包括15个小题，每小题4分，共60分．每小题只有一个选项符合题意）1．Na2S2O5是常用的防腐剂和漂白剂。

可利用烟道气中的SO2生产Na2S2O5，其流程如下：下列说法正确的是A．上述制备过程所涉及的物质中只有一种酸性氧化物B．Na2S2O5作防腐剂和SO2作漂白剂时，均表现还原性C．上述流程中的Na2CO3饱和溶液和Na2CO3固体不可互换D．实验室模拟“结晶脱水”时用到的仪器只有蒸发皿、玻璃棒、烧杯、漏斗2．下列仪器的用法正确的是（）A．①可以长期盛放溶液B．用②进行分液操作C．用酒精灯直接对③进行加热D．用④进行冷凝回流3．某硫酸厂废气中SO2的回收利用方案如图所示。

下列说法错误的是（）A．X可能含有2种盐B．Y可能含有(NH4)2SO4C．a是SO3D．(NH4)2S2O8中S的化合价不可能为+74．维生素B3可以维持身体皮肤的正常功能，而且具有美容养颜的功效，其分子中六元环的结构与苯环相似。

下列有关维生素B分子的说法错误的是A．所有的碳原子均处于同一平面B．与硝基苯互为同分异构体C．六元环上的一氯代物有4种D．1mol该分子能和4mol H2发生加成反应5．工业上电解饱和食盐水制取氯气的化学方程式如下：2NaCl+2H2O 通电2NaOH+H2↑+Cl2↑．下列表示反应中相关微粒的化学用语正确的是（）A．Na+的结构示意图：B．中子数为18的氯原子：3517ClC．NaOH的电子式：D．Cl2的结构式：Cl＝Cl6．实验室制备硝基苯的反应装置如图所示。

下列实验操作或叙述不正确的是（）A．试剂加入顺序：先加浓硝酸，再加浓硫酸，最后加入苯B．实验时水浴温度需控制在50～60℃C．仪器a的作用：冷凝回流苯和硝酸，提高原料的利用率D．反应完全后，可用仪器a、b蒸馏得到产品7．全钒液流储能电池是一种新型的绿色环保储能系统（工作原理如图，电解液含硫酸）。

广东惠州市2019届高三第二次模拟考试英语试卷2019.4. 注意事项:1. 本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第I卷(非选择题)两部分。

答卷前，考生必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。

因考试不考听力，第I卷从第二部分的“阅读理解”开始，试题序号从“21"开始。

2.回答第I卷时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答题标号涂黑。

如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。

写在本试卷上无效。

3.回答第II卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

4.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第I卷第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答，题卡.上将该项涂黑。

AAre you seeking for some charming places in the world? Here are some destinations for you to explore.Basilicata, ItalyThis is a chance to visit Italy's southern region before the world catches on. Between the heel that is Puglia and the toe that is Calabria, you will find Basilicata, the arch (拱状物) of Italy's foot.Despite a storied and ancient past, the region has been overlooked in modern times. Easily Italy's best-kept secret, Basilicata is reserved for beautiful beaches and ancient towns. In 2019,the town of Matera, a UNESCO site, will host the European Capital of Culture. It is also known for its ancient caves - once used for livestock, later as primitive homes, and today, as private residences or hotels beautifully restored.IcelandIs Iceland appealing? Absolutely for luxury travellers seeking over-the-top,only-in-Iceland experiences. High-end properties are money-consuming, from Edition Hotel opening in 2018 in Reykjavik to the super-private Trophy Lodge.An advanced hot-springs, the Retreat at Blue Lagoon Iceland, is set to open in May 2019 at the Blue Lagoon. And on the remote northern Troll Peninsula, Deplar Farm is a former sheep farm where adventurers can fly-fish and helicopter.Top End, AustraliaAustralia's remote Top End-the northernmost section of the Northern Territory is experiencing an upgrade of tourism to its aboriginal communities, the world's oldest civilizations,according to 2017 DNA analysis.The region's small cities--Darwin, Palmerston, Katherine are seeing new markets and aboriginal centers, giving visitors a perfect place to appreciate the vast region's diverse cultures.4.Seattle, WashingtonSeattle takes a bold turn in 2019, not ltting you down with a high budget. Multiyear reconstructions at the Space Needle are underway, including a restaurant complete with as pinning glass floor scheduled to open this spring.Downtown, tours of the huge NBBJ-designed Amazon Spheres filled with hundreds of plant species begin in early 2019，which will see the opening of the Pacific Northwest's largest hotel, the 45-story Hyatt Regency Seattle.21. What can you know about Basilicata, Italy?A. It is located in top end of southern Italy.B. It is an ancient region without many tourists.C. There are beautiful beaches and ancient hotels.D. There are livestock in the ancient caves22. What might travellers do in Iceland?A. They can enjoy an advanced hot-springs.B. They can visit a sheep farm.C. They can take a helicopter.D. They can appreciate the diverse cultures.23. Which places might cost you much money?A. Basilicata, Italy and IcelandB. Basilicata, Italy and Top End, AustraliaC. Top End, Australia and Seattle, WashingtonD. Iceland and Seattle, WashingtonBHumans and elephants don't always get along. In Africa and Asia, elephants damage infrastructure, farmers' crops, and natural habitat important for other species. If an elephant becomes a problem, humans may kill it. So local people and conservationists are trying to find better ways to keep elephants away from sensitive places. Now, researchers think they have a good tool to prevent elephants: honeybee pheromones(信息素)."Elephants dislike being stung in the trunk, so it's an extremely sensitive organ. Imagine being stung in your nose by a bee, and multiply that a few thousand times." said Mark Wright, a professor of entomology at the University of Hawai at Manoa.Kenyan farmers have long known that if they hang live beehives(蜂箱) around their farms,they will drive elephants away. "The problem is how to manage hundreds of thousands of hives,if you have a huge area to protect. And then the idea came up t8 look at the alarm pheromones,which are chemicals that the bees release to launch an attack on something that's damaging the hive."So the researchers tested out an artificial mixture of chemicals that imitates honey bees' alarm pheromones. In Greater Kruger National Park in South Africa, the team hung white socks treated with the artificial mixture as well as untreated control socks around an elephant watering hole, and then observed the animals' behavior. "Elephants are really curious creatures. They'll walk along and see something like a sock hanging on a branch in the environment, and they'll inspect it, and if it's not treated with the alarm pheromones, they'll pick it up, throw it around,and try to taste it, things like that. And in the case of the treated ones, we found that they would show immediate signs of unease or uncertainty, and they'd eventually back off from them. Very seldom would they go pick them up and play with them." The study is in the journal Current Biology.In order to avoid the elephants more effectively, the researchers plan to make the pheromone mixture purer. That way, these remarkable animals will stay far away from wherever they should not be going- -and both elephants and humans can coexist a bit more peacefully.24. What can we infer from the underlined words in Paragraph 2?A. Bees enjoy stinging elephants.B. Elephants' trunk is a sensitive organ.C. Your nose is frequently stung by bees.D. Being stung in the trunk is unbearable to elephants.25. Why didn't the researchers hang live beehives to keep elephants away from crops?A. Because it's of no use to elephants.B. Because it's impractical.C. Because elephants like the taste of honey.D. Because they prefer to invent new chemicals.26. Paragraph 4 mainly tells us______A. how to imitate honeybee alarm pheromonesB. elephants' reaction to the white socksC. how the experiment was carried outD. why the team hung two different white socks27. The research was aimed atA. bettering the relation between humans and elephantsB. cutting down the number of elephantsC. preventing elephants from damaging cropsD. protecting elephantsCProducts with“Made in China”" on them have become an important part of the world as China is gradually taking the globe with its incredible manufacturing industry. Though Chinese products have already got rid of the image of low quality, there are still many foreigners who consider them cheap, low-end and copycat and claim that they will never buy one.However, a recent Japanese TV show which conducted a survey on Chinese products has astonished those who looked down upon Chinese manufacturing. The TV show did a test: Clear all the China-made products from a Japanese household. Four hours later, 619 pieces of Chinese products were removed, and even the clothes of the house owner had to be taken off. Not only in Japan, but also in the us people are seeing the same change. The US writer Sara Bongiorn who published a book titled Without MADE IN CIIINA a decade ago also conducted a similar experiment to measure the impact of globalization on ordinary Americans.She decided not to buy any products made in China for a year, At first, she was pretty positive about her decision, believing she could find substitutes from other countries. But she later proved herself wrong.Avoiding Chinese products on purpose, Bongiorn could only choose ltalian-made sneakers for her children at the price of $68 per pair, while the Chinese ones were only $I0. Once she tried to buy a candle for her husband's birthday, but failed to find one that was not made in China at six stores.At last, Bongiorn concluded in her book that "Made in China" products are inseparable to American society, since the inconveniences of living without them are a huge cost.US President Donald Trump has won lots of support for his slogan "Make America Great Again" and for his“Buy American, Hire American" advertisements during his campaign.However, the hats, clothes, and flags printed with the slogans that were used for the campaign were all made in China.Today, with the arising awareness of brands and improving demand for quality,“Made in China”has gradually shaken off the label of cheap, copycat products, and is winning a reputation for competence.28. What can we know from the first paragraph?A. Products made in China sell best in the world.B. The quality of Chinese products still has a long way to go.C. Many foreigners still look down upon Chinese products.D. Chinese products are popular because they are cheap.29. From Sara Bongiorn's experiment, we can learn she,A. refused any Chinese products for their poor qualityB. lacked confidence at the beginning of the experimentC. gave up doing the experiment because it was much too expensiveD. came to believe American society can't go without Chinese products30. What is the purpose of using Donald Trump's campaign as an example?A. To support the idea that Chinese products are winning the market.B. To show that Donald Trump knew how to win people's heart.C. To explain why American people refuse Chinese products.D. To show that America is in a trade war with China.31. In which of the following magazines can you most likely find this article?A. Reader's DigestB. Business ExplorationC. Green ChinaD. National GeographicD“The first year was a bit like the first year of a marriage--but with 25 people rather than just one." That is how Jude Tisdall describes joining a co-housing development built for women over50. Tisdall, an arts consultant in her early 60s, moved into the New Ground Complex in north London just over a year ago.Tisdall was lucky to secure one of the 26 apartments in the development. Its L-shaped design, with a single entrance that takes residents past the common room, is intended to foster casual social interaction, and there is a communal garden and space to cook and share meals together. Residents are aged between 50 and 90.The development is managed by the Older Women's Co-housing community, set up to bring the principle of co-housing communities established in Germany, Denmark, the Netherlands and the UK.“There are not many options for the old in the UK," says Maria Brenton, a founding member.“One third of over 65s live on their own, which causes loneliness and ill health, and two thirds of those are older women. Older people I have researched don't want to live in institutions like a care home. And they often say they don't want to end up like their parents--isolated and lonely."With the world's population getting older and more urban, the needs of older residents will play an increasingly important part in the shaping of cities. Accord ing to UN figures, the number of over 60s is set to double by 2050. All cities will need to adapt to meeting this massive demographic change.Currently more than 700 cities in 39 countries are signed up for the World Health Organization's global network of age friendly cities and communities to promote healthy ageing and improve the quality of life for people over 60.32. How did Tisdall feel about joining the co-housing development ?A. DisappointedB. UncomfortableC. HappyD. Relaxed33. What's the purpose of the apartments' special design?A. To make the apartments more secure.B. To emphasize its unique appearance.C. To keep residents' free of anxiety.D. To promote residents' communication.34. What can we know about the co-housing development?A. It is only accessible to people over 60.B. It differs from a care home.C. It's first established in the UK.D. It's in the charge of Maria Brenton.35. The underlined word in Paragraph 5 is probably related to_A. controlling systemB. community developmentC. population groupD. health state第二节(共5小题: 每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

惠州市2019届高三第二次调研考试说明：本试卷共12页，36小题，满分300分。

考试用时150分钟．答案须做在答题卷和答题卡上；须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答主观题，答题卡的填涂须用2B铅笔，考试结束后只交答题卷和答题卡。

一、单项选择题（本题共16个小题。

每小题4分，共64分。

每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项量符合题目要求。

多选、错选均不得分。

）1．关于细胞的叙述不正确．．．的是A．浆细胞合成并分泌抗体需要多种细胞器参与 B. 细胞的衰老和凋亡都受基因调控C．物质是顺浓度梯度进入细胞的 D. A TP是细胞代谢的直接供能物质2．胆固醇是构成细胞膜的重要成分，其合成场所在A核糖体A高尔基体C．内质网D．线粒体3．有关变异与进化的叙述，不正确．．．的是A．由二倍体西瓜培育出的三倍体无子西瓜属于可遗传的变异B. 基因突变对生物都是有益的C．种群是生物进化的基本单位D．除草剂可导致杂草的基因频率定向改变4．有关人体激素和神经调节的说法，正确的是A．激素调节的作用范围比较局限B. 垂体合成的激素需要通过血浆的运输才能到靶细胞C．人体水盐平衡的调节只有激素参与D．兴奋在反射弧中的传导或传递均以局部电流的形式进行5．现代生物科技中，下列说法正确的是A．“无废弃物农业”遵循了物质循环再生原理B. 基因工程中的工具酶有限制酶、连接酶和载体C．试管苗和试管婴儿的产生都属于无性生殖D．蛋白质工程是直接对蛋白质分子进行改造6．人的X染色体和Y染色体大小，形态不完全相同，但存在着同源区(II)和非同源区(I、II)，如图所示，若统计某种遗传病的发病率，发现女性患者多于男性，则该病的致病基因最可能A．位于I片段上，为隐性基因 B. 位于I片段上，为显性基因C．位于II片段上，为显性基因D．位于III片段上，为隐性基因二、双项选择题：本大题共9个小题，每小题6分，共54分。

每小题给出的四个选项中，有两个选项符合题目要求，全部选对者的得6分，只选1个且正确的得3分；有错选或不答的得O分。

2019-2020学年广东省惠州市惠东高级中学新高考化学模拟试卷一、单选题（本题包括15个小题，每小题4分，共60分．每小题只有一个选项符合题意）1．不能用于比较Na与Al金属性相对强弱的事实是A．最高价氧化物对应水化物的碱性强弱B．Na和AlCl3溶液反应C．单质与H2O反应的难易程度D．比较同浓度NaCl和AlCl3的pH大小【答案】B【解析】【详解】A. 对应的最高价氧化物的水化物的碱性越强，金属性越强，可以比较Na与Al金属性相对强弱，A项正确；B. Na和AlCl3溶液反应，主要是因为钠先与水反应生成氢氧化钠和氢气，生成的氢氧化钠再和氯化铝反应生成氢氧化铝沉淀和氯化钠，这不能说明Na的金属性比铝强，B项错误；C. 金属单质与水反应越剧烈，金属性越强，可用于比较Na与Al金属性相对强弱，C项正确；D. AlCl3的pH小，说明铝离子发生了水解使溶液显碱性，而氯化钠溶液呈中性，说明氢氧化钠为强碱，氢氧化铝为弱碱，所以能比较Na、Al金属性强弱，D项正确；答案选B。

【点睛】金属性比较规律：1、由金属活动性顺序表进行判断：前大于后。

2、由元素周期表进行判断，同周期从左到右金属性依次减弱，同主族从上到下金属性依次增强。

3、由金属最高价阳离子的氧化性强弱判断，一般情况下，氧化性越弱，对应金属的金属性越强，特例，三价铁的氧化性强于二价铜。

4、由置换反应可判断强弱，遵循强制弱的规律。

5、由对应最高价氧化物对应水化物的碱性强弱来判断，碱性越强，金属性越强。

6、由原电池的正负极判断，一般情况下，活泼性强的作负极。

7、由电解池的离子放电顺序判断。

2．短周期元素W、X、Y、Z的原子序数依次增大。

W的单质与H2在暗处能化合并发生爆炸，X是同周期中金属性最强的元素，Y原子的最外层电子数等于电子层数，W和Z原子的最外层电子数相同。

下列说法错误的是()A．单质的沸点：Z>WB．简单离子半径：X>W【答案】B【解析】【分析】短周期元素W、X、Y、Z的原子序数依次增大，W的单质与H2在暗处能化合并发生爆炸，则W为F元素；X是同周期中金属性最强的元素，X的原子序数大于F，则X位于第三周期，为Na元素；Y原子的最外层电子数等于电子层数，Y的原子序数大于Na，则位于第三周期，最外层含有3个电子，为Al元素；W和Z原子的最外层电子数相同，则Z为Cl元素，据此进行解答。

惠州市2019届高三第三次调研考理科综合化学试题7．下列有关物质性质与用途具有对应关系的是A．H2O2具有还原性，可用作丝织品的漂白剂B．BaCO3能与盐酸反应，可用作胃酸的中和剂C．碳的非金属性强于硅，可用作工业上制粗硅D．FeCl3溶液具有氧化性，可用作铜制线路板的蚀刻液8．某同学取海带灰加蒸馏水煮沸2~3 min，冷却，过滤，获得含I−的溶液，并设计以下实验方案，从中提取I2。

下列说法中错误的是A.试剂b可能是CCl4B. “I2的悬浊液→粗碘”需萃取C.“下层溶液”可在流程中循环利用D. 反应1、反应2、反应3都是氧化还原反应9．化合物（a）、（b）、（c）CH CH2，（d），下列说法不正确．．．的是A．a、b、c、d互为同分异构体B．除a外均可发生加成反应C．c中所有原子不可能处于同一平面D．一氯代物同分异构体最多的是c10．设N A为阿伏加德罗常数的值，下列说法不正确的是（Na-23 C-12 O-16 Fe-56）A．8.4gNaHCO3晶体中离子总数为0.2N AB．12g金刚石中含有的共价键数为2N AC．pH=13的NaOH溶液中含有的OH－数目为0.1N AD．5.6gFe与过量的氯气充分反应转移的电子总数为0.3N A12．短周期主族元素X 、Y 、Z 、W 原子序数依次增大，X 、Y 、Z 的最外层电子数之和与W 的最外层电子数相等，X 的最高正价为+4，Y 是海水中含量最多的金属元素。

下列说法不正确的是A ．原子半径：r (Y)＞r (Z)＞r (X)B ．W 的氢化物的稳定性比X 的最简单氢化物的稳定性弱C ．W 分别与Y 、Z 形成的化合物所含的化学键类型相同D ．Y 的最高价氧化物对应的水化物碱性比Z 的强 13．实验室可利用下列微生物电池将污水中的乙二胺[H 2N(CH 2)2NH 2]转化为无毒无害的物质并产 生电能(M 、N 均为石墨电极)。

有关该电池工作时的说法中错误的是A ．M 极的电势比N 极的电势低B ．正极电极反应式：O 2+4e －+4H +＝2H 2OC ．电池总反应为：H 2N(CH 2)2NH 2+ 4O 2＝N 2 + 2CO 2 +4H 2OD ．每消耗5.6升O2时，通过质子交换膜的质子数为N A27. （14分）常温下，青蒿素是一种无色针状晶体，易溶于有机溶剂，难溶于水，熔点约为156.5℃，易受湿、热的影响而分解。

广东省惠州市2019高三第二次调研考理综化学试题1.化学与生活密切相关，下列说法错误的是：A. 纤维素和淀粉水解的最终产物相同B. 二氧化硫有漂白性，可用于纸浆的漂白C. 车用乙醇汽油的使用有利于减少人类对石油的依赖D. 加碘食盐中含碘物质主要是KI【答案】D【解析】【详解】A项，纤维素和淀粉水解的最终产物都是葡萄糖，A项正确；B项，SO2具有漂白性，可用于漂白纸浆、毛、丝、草帽辫等，B项正确；C项，传统汽油主要来源于石油，石油属于非再生能源，乙醇主要通过糖类农作物和纤维类植物原料来生产，糖类农作物和纤维类植物相比石油都是可再生能源，车用乙醇汽油的使用有利于减少人类对石油的依赖，C项正确；D项，加碘食盐中的含碘物质主要是KIO3，D项错误；答案选D。

2.设N A为阿伏加德罗常数的值。

下列叙述正确的是：A. 42g己烯中含有碳氢键数目为3N A个B. 5.6g Fe与足量盐酸完全反应时，失去电子数目为0.2 N AC. 若1 mol AlCl3完全转化为Al(OH)3胶体，则分散系中胶体微粒数为N AD. 将0.1 mol N2与0.3 mol H2在一定条件下充分反应，生成0.2 N A个 NH3分子【答案】B【解析】【分析】A项，己烯的分子式为C6H12，1个己烯中含12个C—H键；B项，Fe与盐酸反应生成FeCl2和H2，1molFe参与反应失去2mol电子；C项，Al（OH）3胶体中的胶粒是一定数目Al（OH）3的集合体；D项，N2与H2在一定条件下合成NH3的反应是可逆反应。

【详解】A项，己烯的分子式为C6H12，n（己烯）=42g÷84g/mol=0.5mol，1个己烯中含12个C—H键，42g 己烯中含碳氢键物质的量为0.5mol×12=6mol，含碳氢键数目6N A个，A项错误；B项，n（Fe）=5.6g÷56g/mol=0.1mol，Fe与盐酸反应生成FeCl2和H2，1molFe参与反应失去2mol电子，5.6gFe与足量盐酸完全反应失去0.2mol电子，失去的电子数为0.2N A，B项正确；C项，1molAlCl3完全转化生成1molAl（OH）3，Al（OH）3胶体中的胶粒是一定数目Al（OH）3的集合体，Al（OH）3胶体中的胶粒物质的量小于1mol，含胶体微粒数小于N A，C项错误；D项，N2与H2在一定条件下合成NH3的反应是可逆反应，将0.1molN2与0.3molH2在一定条件下充分反应生成的NH3物质的量小于0.2mol，生成的NH3分子数小于0.2N A，D项错误。

2019届广东省惠州市高三4月模拟考试理科综合化学试题（解析版）1.“建设天蓝、地绿、水清的美丽中国”是每个中国人的愿望。

下列做法与此相符的是A. 将农作物秸秆就地焚烧，增强土壤肥效B. 将医疗垃圾深埋处理，减少垃圾对环境的危害C. 将三聚磷酸钠(Na5P3O10)添加到洗衣粉中，增强去污效果D. 尽量不开私家车出行，提倡乘坐公共交通工具【答案】D【解析】【详解】A．将农作物秸秆就地焚烧，会产生污染物，污染空气，故A错误；B．医疗垃圾含有多种有毒有害物质，深埋处理，会污染土壤，水流，故B错误；C．将三聚磷酸钠(Na5P3O10)添加到洗衣粉中，如随意倾倒，会引起水体富营养化，造成水体污染，故C错误；D．选择公共交通工具出行，可以减少开私家车对空气的污染，故D正确；答案选D。

2.设N A为阿伏加德罗常数的值，下列说法正确的是（）A. 标准状况下，22.4L己烷中含有分子数目为N AB. 1mol/LNaOH溶液中含有Na+数目为N AC. 7.8gNa2O2中含有的共价键数目为0.1N AD. 将0.5molN2O4充入密闭容器中充分反应转化成NO2的数目为N A【答案】C【解析】【详解】A．标准状况下己烷不是气体，不能使用标况下的气体摩尔体积计算22.4L己烷的物质的量，故A 错误；B．溶液的体积未知，不能计算1mol/L NaOH 溶液中含有的Na+数目，故B错误；C．7.8g过氧化钠的物质的量为=0.1mol，过氧化钠由2个钠离子和1个过氧根构成，1个过氧根中含有1个共价键，故0.1mol过氧化钠中含0.1N A个共价键，故C正确；D. 存在N2O42NO2平衡，不能完全转化，因此将0.5molN2O4充入密闭容器中充分反应转化成NO2的数目小于N A，故D错误；答案选C。

【点睛】本题的易错点为A，要注意气体摩尔体积的使用范围和条件，①对象是否气体；②温度和压强是否为标准状况。

3.由X在酸性条件下制备Y（一种合成香料、医药、农药及染料的中间体）的流程是：下列说法正确的是A. X、Y均是芳香烃B. X、Y互为同分异构体C. X分子中所有碳原子可能共平面D. X转化成Y的反应中有消去反应【答案】D【解析】【详解】A．X、Y中除了含有C和H外，还含有O元素，均不属于烃类，故A错误；B．X、Y分子中含有的O原子数不等，即化学式不相同，不是同分异构体，故B错误；C．X含有饱和碳原子(-CH3、-CH2-、)，具有甲烷的结构特征，则所有的碳原子不可能在同一个平面上，故C错误；D．X转化成Y的过程中失去了羟基使C-C变成了C=C，该反应属于消去反应，故D正确；答案选D。

惠州市2019届高三第二次调研考试理科综合可能用到的相对原子质量：Fe 56 C 12 H 1一、选择题：本题共13个小题，每小题6分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1．下列有关酶的叙述正确的是A．同一个体的皮肤细胞和肌肉细胞中存在某些相同的酶B．酶的化学本质为蛋白质C．温度不同，酶的活性就一定不同D．与硝化细菌呼吸有关的酶在核糖体上合成并需要高尔基体加工2．下列有关ATP的叙述错误的是A．ATP由腺嘌呤、核糖和磷酸基团组成B．光合作用产生ATP的过程不一定都在叶绿体中进行C．酒精发酵的全过程都有ATP生成D．洋葱根尖细胞中能产生ATP的细胞器是线粒体3．下列关于真核生物和原核生物叙述错误的是A．原核生物和真核生物的细胞鲜重中含量最多的有机物是蛋白质B．原核生物在基因表达过程中转录和翻译可同时进行C．真核生物和原核生物的遗传信息储存在DNA中D．真核生物细胞分裂方式只有有丝分裂和减数分裂，原核生物细胞分裂方式只有无丝分裂4．下列有关DNA的叙述中错误的是A．DNA分子中3个相邻的碱基构成氨基酸的密码子B．DNA分子中碱基的特定排列顺序构成了每一个DNA分子的特异性D．双键DNA分子比单链DNA分子更稳定D．环状DNA质粒分子中不含游离的磷酸基团5．用DNA被32P标记的T2噬菌体侵染无任何放射性元素标记的大肠杆菌，保温一段时间后搅拌、离心。

下列有关说法，错误的是A．保温时间长、短的控制对本实验的结果影响很大B．搅拌的目的是：使吸附在大肠杆菌上的噬菌体与大肠杆菌分离C．充分离心后，大肠杆菌主要分布于上清液中D．在新形成的噬菌体中能检测到32P，使实验结论更可信6．已知某二倍体自花传粉植物的红果（A）对黄果（a）、子房二室（B）对多室（b），分别为显性。

现将该种植物的某一未知植株与黄果子房多室品系杂交（均不考虑新的基因突变），子代（数量足够多）表现型有4种，下列说法错误的是A．该未知植株的基因型必定为AaBbB．该未知植株必定能产生4种数量相等的雌配子或雄配子C．该未知植株必定能产生4种雌配子或雄配子D．若该未知植株自交，则其所得子代的基因型理论上应该有9种7． 化学与生活密切相关，下列说法错误的是A ．纤维素和淀粉水解的最终产物相同B ．二氧化硫有漂白性，可用于纸浆的漂白C ．车用乙醇汽油的使用有利于减少人类对石油的依赖D ．加碘食盐中含碘物质主要是KI8． 设N A 为阿伏加德罗常数的值。

惠州市高三模拟考试化学试题本试卷分选择和非选择题两部分，满分150分；考试用时120分钟；可能用的相对原子质量：O 16 S 32 Na 23 Mg 24 Al 27 Ca 40 C 12 K 39 Fe 56第一部分选择题（共63分）一、选择题（本题包括9小题，每小题3分，共27分，每小题只有一个答案正确）1．铀23592U是重要的核工业原料，在自然界中的含量很低，铀23592U一直为国际社会所关注。

下列有关铀23592U的说法正确的是A．23592U 与23892U 的性质完全相同B．23592U 原子核中含有143个中子C．23592U 位于IIA族D．1mol23592U的质量是143g2. 下列物质之间的转化符合：“甲2乙2丙H2O丁”的组合是① Na→NaOH；② Cu→Cu(OH)2 ；③ S→H2SO4 ；④ NH3→HNO3A．①②③B．①③④C．②③④D．全部3．下列化学实验中，能证明某种中学常见气体为SO2的是①能使澄清的石灰水变浑浊；②能使湿润的蓝色石蕊试纸变红；③既能使品红溶液褪色又能使澄清的石灰水变浑浊；④将其通入足量的NaOH溶液中，再滴加BaC12溶液，有白色沉淀生成，该沉淀溶于稀盐酸；⑤通入溴水，能使溴水褪色，再滴加Ba（NO3）2溶液，有白色沉淀产生A．都能证明B．都不能证明C．③⑤都能证明D．只有⑤能证明4．下列关于铝的叙述中正确的是A．由于铝具有强还原性，所以可以通过铝热反应冶炼某些高熔点金属B．由于铝在空气中容易锈蚀，所以铝制品的使用寿命都很短C．常温下，由于铝与浓硫酸钝化时不反应，所以可用铝制槽车运送浓硫酸D．由于铝的导电性比铜、银都强，所以常用其制造电线、电缆5．下列有关描述错误的是A．催化剂只能改变化学反应的速率，不能改变化学反应进行的限度B．一定条件下的可逆反应，反应物的转化率不可能达到100%C．既能与盐酸反应又能与氢氧化钠溶液反应的化合物肯定是Al2O3或Al(OH)3D．在同一氧化还原反应中，同种元素在被氧化的同时也可能被还原6．假设与猜想是科学探究的先导，在下列假设（或猜想）引导下的探究活动肯定没有实际意义的是A．探究浓硫酸与铜在一定条件下反应产生的黑色物质中可能有CuS。