06级期末试卷A卷

希望英语第一册期末考试试卷（06级用）A卷班别：学号：姓名：I. Fill in each blank with the proper form of the word given in the bracket. (10%)1. Y ou can talk to the person (share) the dorm room with you.2. We are going to be meeting each other on a regular ________ (base).3. Without computers, we ______ (not make) the great progress in the last decades.4. Older people do not like their plans to (upset) by something unexpected.5. The plane has been kept in service far longer than _______ (origin) planned.6. Parents who often use physical punishment seem to love their children but tend (be) less patient thanother parents.7. The (quickly) you learn the code words, the less likely you are to make mistakes.8. The speaker only had a (limit) amount of time to make his points understood by the audience.9. (be) a pop star can be quite a hard life, with a lot of traveling.10. The old couple decide to move from the noisy downtown to the countryside because they wanted very much to lead a (n) (relax) life.II. Choose the right answer: (20 %)1. Boarding card A. 身份证2. Business card B. 名片3. ID card C. 登机卡4.Credit card D. 信用卡5. unique A. agree to6. qualify B. being the only one of its type7. approve C. good or better in quality or value, etc.8. superior D. make fit for a position or purpose nothing9. Get along with roommates A. 归结为一个问题10. Blame someone for his failure B. 与世隔绝11. Cut off from the world C. 与室友相处12. Boil down to one question D. 因失败责备某人13.（）双语教学 A. interactive teaching14. ( ) 互动教学 B. Hope Project15. ( ) 教与学 C. bilingual teaching16. ( ) 希望工程 D. teaching & learning17.（）空调 A. Focus Interview18.（）求职咨询 B. Job-seeking Advice19.（）网吧 C. Air-conditioner20.（）焦点访谈 D. Cyber caféIII. Vocabulary and Structure: (30 %)21. In winter this small town is often from the outside world by heavy snowfalls.A. cut offB. cut backC. cut outD. apart22. Hand in your papers when you the test.A. will finishB. have finishedC. will have finishedD. are finishing23. These apples are those I bought at the supermarket yesterday.A. more superior toB. superior thanC. superior toD. more superior than24. Every year there are reports of people dying extremely hot weather.A. in the end ofB. as a result ofC. in front ofD. instead of25. He speaks English, but not his sister does.A. as good asB. so good asC. so well likeD. as well as26. The early pioneers had to many hardships to settle on the new land.A. go along withB. go back onC. go throughD. go into27. The more difficult the problems are, to be able to solve them.A. the less I am likelyB. the less likely I amC. the likely less I amD. I am less likely28. A professor, along with some students, now working in the new laboratory.A. isB. wereC. areD. was29._______ he realized it was too late to return home.A. No sooner it grew dark whenB. Hardly it grew dark thanC. Scarcely it grew dark thanD. It was not until dark that30. This is the house .A. in which Luxun lived inB. where Luxun had lived inC. in which Luxun livedD. Luxun lived in the house31. The manager was critical the way we were doing the work.A. atB. inC. ofD. with32. Just as I was leaving the house, it occurred me that I had forgotten my keys.A. onB. inC. atD. to33. She is in no this evening to go to the concert with you.A. feelingB. attitudeC. spiritD. mood34. I don’t want to eat here any longer: the food is bad but the price is .A. cheapB. excessiveC. lowD. excuse35. After the treatment, the patient seemed a little more this morning.A. liveB. livelyC. likelyD. like36. He is of the two.A. strongB. the strongestC. strongerD. the stronger37. The boy was seen barefooted.A. run awayB. to be run awayC. to run awayD. running away38. She had her finger when she peeled an apple.A. cutB. being cutC. was cutD. cutting39. I was wondering whether you wanted to a film with me this evening.A. take upB. take downC. take inD. take with40. Of the two possible plans I the first one.A. favorsB. flatC. flavorD. favor41．Any student in English can apply for membership.A) having a keen interest B) with a keen interestingC) who is keenly interesting D)when keenly interested42. Y ou most of the questions on the blackboard now if you had reviewed the lessons last night.A) could answer B) should answer C) could have answered D) would have answered43. I regret you that we are unable to offer you a job.A) informing B)to inform C) having informed D) inform44. What she said me that she was an honest girl .A) agreed B)convinced C)believed D)ensured45. is known to the world , Alfred Nobel is a great Swedish inventor and industrialist.A) It B) As C) That D) Which46. The melting point of ice and the boiling point of water are the fixed points the centigrade scale isbased.A) by which B) on which C) at which D) for which47. So far every means tried , but no satisfying result has come out yet.A) is B) has been C) are D) have been48. The family gave a dinner their parents’ golden wedding anniversary.A) in memory B) because of C) in honor of D) due to49. Jack is not much of a football player, but when it maths, he is among the top three in our class.A) points to B) responds to C) refers to D) comes to50. in Nanning for more than 15 years, he knew the city quite well.A) Living B) Lives C) Having lived D) LivedIV. Cloze: (10%)Once a group of tourist who were staying at a hotel in Birmingham were having dinner in the restaurant. Fish was 51 and whi1e they were eating it some of them told interesting stories about finding pearls（珍珠）and other valuable things inside fish. 52 old gentleman，who had listened quietly 53 their conversation，rose and said: “I’ve heard all your stories，and now I’ll tell you one. When I was a young man I was working in a large importing （进口）company in New Y ork. Before long，I fell in love with a pretty（漂亮的）young girl．Very soonwe were engaged（订婚的）. But just two months before our marriage，I was suddenly sent（派送）to Birmingham 54 very important business. I left my sweetheart（恋人），promising to write 55 her.”“I was obliged (被迫；不得不) to staying in Birmingham longer than I had expected. 56 last my work was done，and just before I left for home，I bought a beautiful and very expensive diamond ring（戒指），intending （试图）to give it to my sweetheart。

2006学年第一学期六年级期末考试数学试卷（完卷时间：90分钟 满分：100分）一、填空题（本大题共14题，每小题2分，满分28分） 1．分数312,,469的最小公分母是 ． 2．写出不大于50的正整数中既能被2整除又能被5整除的数是 ． 3．计算：13132(22)1515÷⨯= ．4．求比值：18秒∶2.5分钟= ． 5．在分数449517,1,,2,95121432中，能化成有限小数的分数有 个． 6．比较大小：722_____π． 7．一件商品的成本价是90元，如果以20%的盈利率售出，那么这件商品的售价 为 元．8．有一个四位数，千位上是最小的既是奇数又是素数的数，百位上是2和3的最小公倍数，十位上是最小的自然数，个位上是只有3个因数的偶数，这个四位数是 ．9． 如果图中阴影部分表示1，那么表示的分数是 ．10．有分别标有1～10数字的相同大小的纸片10张，那么抽到标有偶数的纸片的可能性的大小为 ．11．已知扇形半径是10厘米，弧长是31.4厘米，那么扇形的面积是 平方厘米． 12．已知：a ∶b = 3∶4，b ∶c = 3∶4，求：a ∶b ∶c 的值是 ．学校_______________________ 班级__________ 学号_________ 姓名______________……………………………………………密○………………………………………封○………………………………………○线…………………………35%5%ABC D13．已知A =532⨯⨯,那么它的所有因数的个数是 ．14．一张比例尺为1∶6 000 000的中国地图上测得上海至北京的距离约为18厘米，那么上海到北京的实际距离约是 千米．二、选择题（本大题共4题，每小题2分，满分8分）（每题只有一个选项正确） 15．如果x ，y 都不为零，且y x 32=，那么下列比例中正确的是…………………（ ）（A ）23x y =； （B ）23yx =； （C ）y x 32=； （D ）y x 23=．16．如果数225,233,A B =⨯⨯=⨯⨯那么A 和B 的最大公因数和最小公倍数是（ ） （A ）2，360； （B ）2，180； （C ）4，360； （D ）4，180．17．下面各组数中，第一个数能整除第二个数的是………………………………（ ） （1）9和36 ；（2）15和35；（3）13和39； （4）48和12；（5）10和30；（6）51和17．（A ）1个； （B ）2个； （C ）3个； （D ）4个．18．如图是一个扇形统计图，那么从以下图中可以得出的正确结论的个数是…（ ）①A 占总体的25%；②表示B 的扇形的圆心角是18°； ③C 和D 所占总体的百分比相等；④分别表示A 、B 、C 的扇形的圆心角的度数之比为5∶1∶7． （A ）1个； （B ）2个； （C ）3个； （D ）4个． 三、简答题、（本大题共6题，每小题6分，满分36分）19．在数轴上分别画出点A 、B 、C 、D ，，表示数，点表示数点32225.1-B A 点C 表示数31，点D 表示数-175%，并将点A 、B 、C 、D 所表示的数用“＞”连接．20．某超市十一月份的销售额为20万元，比十月份增长了5.5%,该超市计划十二月份销售额的增长率比上一个月提高1个百分点，求该超市计划十二月份销售额．21．计算：14 (1250.05)45-++⨯．22．计算：3124(2.2) 6.9 5103÷++⨯．23．如图，已知正方形的边长为2，求右图中阴影部分的面积和周长．（结果保留π）24．观察下列流程图，根据输入数据，得到输出数据；列出算式，写明计算过程．（1）输入分数得10953÷；（2）输入分数得12515÷．四、解答题（本题共4题，每小题7分，满分28分）25．王阿姨把1000元人民币存入银行，月利率为0.14%，定期三年，到期应付20%的利息税，王阿姨到期实际可得本利和多少元？1 26．六（1）班有50位同学，老师推荐一本数学练习册让大家购买，统计后，全班有5的同学已买，于是委托班长去书店为其他同学购买．这本书的定价是8元，班长先预收了每人8元，书店广告标价购买25本以上打8.5折，购买30本以上打8折，购买35本以上打7.5折，班长共花了10元钱的交通费，由购书的同学平摊．问（1）有多少人需要购买？他们能享受几折优惠？（2）班长应该付给书店多少元？（3）班长需要退还给每位同学多少元？27．小王和小张合租一套公寓，两家暂时合用一个电表，交电费时就按各自所有电器的总瓦数来分摊．两家所用电器的功率如下表：两月后收到供电局的交电费通知单，应交电费446元．问两家各应交电费多少元？28．阅读理解题：小明以432为例，用下面的计算过程来说明432能被9整除：432 = 400+30+2= 4×100+3×10+2= 4×（99+1）+3×（9+1）+2= 4×99+4+3×9+3+2 =4×99+3×9+4+3+2= 4×9×11+3×9+4+3+2= 9×（4×11+3）+4+3+2一定能被9整除是否能被9整除因为4+3+2能被9整除，所以432一定能被9整除.请你用小明的方法来说明243不仅能被9整除，也能被3整除．…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………密封线内不准答题2006学年第一学期期末考试六年级数学试卷参考答案一、填空题（本大题共14题，每小题2分，满分28分）1. 362. 10，20，30，40，503.21 4. 253 5. 3 6. ＜ 7. 108元 8. 3604 9. 34 10. 9411. 157 12. 9∶12∶16 13. 8(个) 14. 1080 二、选择题（本大题共4题，每小题2分，满分8分）15. B 16. B 17.C 18. D 三、简答题、（本大题共6题，每小题6分，满分36分）19．标出A 、B 、C 、D 四点 （各1分）25.1>31>-75%>321- （2分） 20．解：20×（5.5%+1%） （2分） =20×6.5%=1.3(万元) （1分） 20+1.3=21.3(万元) (3分) 或 20×（1+5.5%+1%） （4分） =20×105.5% (1分) =21.3(万元) （1分） 21.分）分）分）（原式2(04.1904.0192(04.020104.020544525405.0542554411=+=++-=++⨯-=⨯+⨯+⨯-=22.分）（分）（分）（原式26.626.426.4231052329.6321023534=+=+⨯=⨯+÷= 23.D (1)分）（）（分）（分）（阴影三角形扇形弓形142221222214411-=-=-=⨯⨯-⨯=-=ππππSS S sABC ABC ACBC或列综合算式（3分）(2)周长=分）（分）122(22412ππ=⨯⨯⨯⨯24．．分）（分）分）12143321(1321(3291053)(!=⨯∴<=⨯分）（分）分）（）（143434643231(123123215512=-=-∴>=⨯25．解：1000+1000×0.14%×12×3×（1-20%） （3分）=1000+1.4×36×0.8 （2分）=1000+40.32=1040.32 （元） （1分） 答：（略） （1分）26．解：（1）40人； （1分）7.5折 （1分） （2）8×75%×40 （2分）=6×40=240（元） （1分）（3）4.04010=÷ （1分） 8-6-0.4=1.6(元) （1分）答：（略）27．解：小王家的用电量=800+1200+40+60+3×40=2220（W ）小张家的用电量=800+1200+40+60+2×40+60=2240（W ） （1分） 小王家的用电量∶小张家的用电量=2220∶2240=111∶112 （1分） 小王家应交的电费=分）元）（2{222112111111446=+⨯小张家应交的电费=分）（元）（2224112111112446=+⨯答：（略） （1分）28．解：（1）243=200+40+3=2×100+4×10+3 （1分） =2×（99+1）+4×（9+1）+3 =2×99+2+4×9+4+3=2×99+4×9+2+4+3=2×9×11+4×9+2+4+3=9×（2×11+4）+2+4+3 （2分） =9×（2×11+4）+9=9×（2×11+4+1）（1分）所以243一定能被9整除.（1分）（2） 243=2×99+4×9+2+4+3=2×3×33+4×3×3+2+4+3=3×（2×33+4×3）+2+4+3 （2分） =3×（2×33+4×3）+9 =3×（2×33+4×3）+3×3 =3×（2×33+4×3+3）所以243一定能被3整除.。

二、画出图题二中各图的等效电路（每图2分，共12分）
三、(本题10分)求图题三所示电路的开路电压比⋅⋅10U U 四、(本题8分)如图题四所示电路，,用节点电压法求两端的电压。

Ω=85R 已知R U 五、（本题12分）如图题五所示电路，在1时,电压表的读数为20V;在2时,电流表的读数为50mA.。

K K 在３时，若，电压表及电流表的读数各多少？K Ω=100R 六、（本题8分）求题五中（1）的消耗功率为多大？（2）为何值时它能获得最大功率？R R max P max P 是多少？七、（本题12分如图题七所示电路，t <0时,闭合,电路已达稳定状态.今于t =0时断开开关，(1)用K K 三要素法求t >0时的全响应，；(2)经过零值的时刻；(3)画出的波形图。

)(t u c )(t u c 0t )(t u c 八、（本题10分）如图题八所示电路，已知电流表的读数为10A ，电压表的读数为100V 。

求电流表的读数和电压1A 1V A 表的读数。

V 九、（本题12分）如图题九所示，是一功率为60W ，功率因数的日光灯电路（为感性负载），接在电压220V 的正5.01=λ弦电源上（频率H Z ）。

求：（1）电源供给电路的电流；(2)视在功率；（3）负载的无功功率；(4)50f =I S L Q 简单画出电路的相量图；（5）从不增加电路的功率损耗并减少无功功率出发，请画出提高日光灯功率因数的电路图。

北京交通大学2007-2008学年第二学期《离散数学基础（信科专业）》期末考试卷（A）学院：____________ _专业：___________________ 班级____________姓名：学号：□选修□必修一、填空题（共10分，每空1分）1.在推理理论中，推导过程中如果一个或多个公式重言蕴涵某个公式，则这个公式就可以引入推导过程中，这一推理规则叫做（T规则）。

2.设A={a，{b}}，则A的幂集是P (A)= {Φ, a，{b}, {a，{b}}；3.设R 是集合A上的二元关系，如果关系R同时具有自反性、反对称性和传递性，则称R是A上的一个偏序关系。

4.既是满射，又是单射的映射称为1-1映射（双射）。

5.设S为非空有限集,代数系统<P(S),∪>的单位元和零元分别为S和φ。

6.具有n个顶点的无向完全图共有n(n-1)/2条边。

7.简单图是指无环、无重边的图。

8.k-正则图是指所有顶点的度数均为k的的图。

9.Hamilton通路是指通过图中所有顶点一次且仅一次的通路。

10.设G=（E，V）是图，如果G是连通的，则P（G）= 1 。

11.命题公式(P→Q) ∧ (P→R)的主析取范式中包含极小项（ A ）A．P∧Q∧R；B．P∧Q∧⌝R；C ．P ∧⌝Q ∧R ；D ．P ∧⌝Q ∧⌝R12. 下列谓词公式中（ A ）不正确。

A ．(∃x)(A(x) →B) ⇔ (∃x) A(x) →B ； B ．(∃x)(B →A(x)) ⇔ B →(∃x) A(x)；C ．(∀x)(B →A(x)) ⇔ B →(∀x) A(x)；D ．(∀x)(A(x)∨B) ⇔(∀x)A(x)∨B ；13. 设S = {2，a ，{3}，4}，R ={{a}，3，4，1}，指出下面的写法中正确的是（ D ）（A ）R=S ； （B ）{a,3}⊆S ； （C ）{a}⊆R ；（D ）φ⊆R ；14. 下列命题公式不是重言式的是 C 。

2006年6月17日大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷(A卷)注意事项一、将自己的校名、姓名、准考证号写在答题卡上。

将本试卷代号(A、B卷)划在答题卡上。

二、试卷和答题卡均不得带出考场。

考试结束，监考员收卷后考生才可离开。

三、仔细读懂题目的说明。

四、多项选择题的答案一定要划在答题卡上，凡是写在试卷上的答案一律无效。

每题只能选一个答案：如多选。

则该题无分，选定答案后，用铅笔在相应字母的中部划一条横线。

正确方法是：A) B) C) D)。

使用其他符号答题者不给分，划线要有一定粗度，浓度要盖过字母底色。

五、如果要改动答案，必须先用橡皮擦净原来选定的答案，然后再按上面的规定重新答题。

六、试题的第四部分改错(Error Correction)和第五部分作文(Writing)印刷在答题卡上，请用黑色字迹签字笔在答题卡上作答。

七、在90分钟内做完试题的第一至第四部分，90分钟后，监考员收取试卷，然后考生再做第五部分作文题，答题时间为30分钟。

全部考试时间为120分钟，不得拖延时间。

八、在考试过程中要注意对自己的答案保密，若被他人抄袭，一经发现，后果自负。

全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both theconversation and the question will be spoken only once. After eachquestion there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single linethrough the centre.1. A) She met with Thomas just a few days ago.B) She can help with the orientation program.C) She is not sure she can pass on the message.D) She will certainly try to contact Thomas.2. A) Set the dinner table.B) Change the light bulb.C) Clean the dining room.D) Hold the ladder for him.3. A) He‟d like a piece of pie.B) He‟d like some coffee.C) He‟d rather stay in the warm room.D) He‟s just had dinner with his friends.4. A) He has managed to sell a number of cars.B) He is contented with his current position.C) He might get fired.D) He has lost his job.5. A) Tony‟s secretary.B) Paul‟s girlfriend.C) Paul‟s colleague.D) Tony‟s wife.6. A) He was fined for running a red light.B) He was caught speeding on a fast lane.C) He had to run quickly to get the ticket.D) He made a wrong turn at the intersection.7. A) He has learned a lot from his own mistakes.B) He is quite experienced in taming wild dogs.C) He finds reward more effective than punishment.D) He thinks it important to master basic training skills.8. A) At a bookstore.B) At the dentist‟s.C) In a restaurant.D) In the library.9. A) He doesn‟t want Jenny to get into trouble.B) He doesn‟t agree with the woman‟s remark.C) He thinks Jenny‟s workload too heavy at college.D) He believes most college students are running wild.10. A) It was applaudable.B) It was just terrible.C) The actors were enthusiastic.D) The plot was funny enough.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the bestanswer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecentre.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) Social work.B) Medical care.C) Applied physics.D) Special education.12. A) The timely advice from her friends and relatives.B) The two-year professional training she received.C) Her determination to fulfill her dream.D) Her parents‟ consistent moral support.13. A) To get the funding for the hospitals.B) To help the disabled children there.C) To train therapists for the children there.D) To set up an institution for the handicapped.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) At a country school in Mexico.B) In a mountain valley of Spain.C) At a small American college.D) In a small village in Chile.15. A) By expanding their minds and horizons.B) By financing their elementary education.C) By setting up a small primary school.D) By setting them an inspiring example.16. A) She wrote poetry that broke through national barriers.B) She was a talented designer of original school curriculums.C) She proved herself to be an active and capable stateswoman.D) She made outstanding contributions to children‟s education.17. A) She won the 1945 Nobel Prize in Literature.B) She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize.C) She translated her books into many languages.D) She advised many statesmen on international affairs.Passage ThreeQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18. A) How animals survive harsh conditions in the wild.B) How animals alter colors to match their surroundings.C) How animals protect themselves against predators.D) How animals learn to disguise themselves effectively.19. A) Its enormous size.B) Its plant-like appearance.C) Its instantaneous response.D) Its offensive smell.20. A) It helps improve their safety.B) It allows them to swim faster.C) It helps them fight their predators.D) It allows them to avoid twists and turns.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and markthe corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecentre.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.There are good reasons to be troubled by the violence that spreads throughout the media. Movies, Television and video games are full of gunplay and bloodshed, and one might reasonably ask what‟s wrong with a society that presents videos of domestic violence as entertainment.Most researchers agree that the causes of real-world violence are complex. A 1993 study by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences listed “biological, individual, family, peer, school, and community factors” as all playing their parts.Viewing abnormally large amounts of violent television and video games may well contribute to violent behavior in certain individuals. The trouble comes when researchers downplay uncertainties in their studies or overstate the case for causality (因果关系). Skeptics were dismayed several years ago when a group of societies including the American Medical Association tried to end the debate by issuing a joint statement: “At this time, well over 1,000 studies... point overwhelmingly to a causal connection between media violence and aggressive behavior in some children.”Freedom-of-speech advocates accused the societies of catering to politicians, and even disputed the number of studies (most were review articles and essays, they said). When Jonathan Freedman, a social psychologist at the University of Toronto, reviewed the literature, he found only 200 or so studies of television-watching and aggression. And when he weeded out “the most doubtful measures of aggression”, only 28% supported a connection.The critical point here is causality. The alarmists say they have proved that violent media cause aggression. But the assumptions behind their observations need to be examined. When labeling games as violent or non-violent, should a hero eating a ghost really be counted as a violent event? And when experimenters record the time it takes game players to read …aggressive‟ or …non-aggressive‟ words from a list, can we be sure what they are actually measuring? The intent of the new Harvard Center on Media and Child Health to collect and standardize studies of media violence in order to compare their methodologies, assumptions and conclusions is an important step in the right direction.Another appropriate step would be to tone down the criticism until we know more. Several researchers write, speak and testify quite a lot on the threat posed by violence in the media. That is, of course, their privilege. But when doing so, they often come out with statements that the matter has now been settled, drawing criticism from colleagues. In response, the alarmists accuse critics and news reporters of being deceived by the entertainment industry. Such clashes help neither science nor society.21. Why is there so much violence shown in movies, TV and video games?A) There is a lot of violence in the real world today.B) Something has gone wrong with today‟s society.C) Many people are fond of gunplay and bloodshed.D) Showing violence is thought to be entertaining.22. What is the skeptics (Line 3. Para. 3) view of media violence?A) Violence on television is a fairly accurate reflection of real-world life.B) Most studies exaggerate the effect of media violence on the viewers.C) A causal relationship exists between media and real-world violence.D) The influence of media violence on children has been underestimated.23. The author uses the term “alarmists” (Line 1. Para. 5) to refer to those who________.A) use standardized measurements in the studies of media violenceB) initiated the debate over the influence of violent media on realityC) assert a direct link between violent media and aggressive behaviorD) use appropriate methodology in examining aggressive behavior24. In refuting the alarmists, the author advances his argument by first challenging________.A) the source and amount of their dataB) the targets of their observationC) their system of measurementD) their definition of violence25. What does the author think of the debate concerning the relationship between themedia and violence?A) More studies should be conducted before conclusions are drawn.B) It should come to an end since the matter has now been settled.C) The past studies in this field have proved to be misleading.D) He more than agrees with the views held by the alarmists.Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.You‟re in trouble if you have to buy your own brand-name prescription drugs. Over the past decade, prices leaped by more than double the inflation rate. Treatments for chronic conditions can easily top $2,000 a month-no wonder that one in four Americans can‟s afford to fill their prescriptions. The solution? A hearty chorus of “O Canada.” North of the border, where price controls reign, those same brand-name drugs cost 50% to 80% less.The Canadian option is fast becoming a political wake-up call, “If our neighbors canbuy drugs at reasonable prices, why can‟t we? Even to whisper that thought provokes anger. “Un-American!” And-the propagandists‟trump card (王牌)—“Wreck our brilliant health-care system.” Supersize drug prices, they claim, fund the research that sparks the next generation of wonder drugs. No sky-high drug price today, no cure for cancer tomorrow. So shut up and pay up.Common sense tells you that‟s a false alternative. The reward for finding, say, a cancer cure is so huge that no one‟s going to hang it up. Nevertheless, if Canada-level pricing came to the United States, the industry‟s profit margins would drop and the pace of new-drug development would slow. Here lies the American dilemma. Who is all this splendid medicine for? Should our health-care system continue its drive toward the best of the best, even though rising numbers of patients can‟t afford it? Or should we direct our wealth toward letting everyone in on today‟s level of care? Measured by saved lives, the latter is almost certainly the better course.To defend their profits, the drug companies have warned Canadian wholesalers and pharmacies (药房) not to sell to Americans by mail, and are cutting back supplies to those who dare.Meanwhile, the administration is playing the fear card. Officials from the Food and Drug Administration will argue that Canadian drugs might be fake, mishandled, or even a potential threat to life.Do bad drugs fly around the Internet? Sure-and the more we look, the more we‟ll find, But I haven‟t heard of any raging epidemics among the hundreds of thousands of people buying crossborder.Most users of prescription drugs don‟t worry about costs a lot. They‟re sheltered by employee insurance, owing just a $20 co-pay. The financial blows rain, instead, on the uninsured, especially the chronically ill who need expensive drugs to live, This group will still include middle-income seniors on Medicare, who‟ll have to dig deeply into their pockets before getting much from the new drug benefit that starts in 2006.26. What is said about the consequence of the rocketing drug prices in the U.S.?A) A quarter of Americans can‟t afford their prescription drugs.B) Many Americans can‟t afford to see a doctor when they fall ill.C) Many Americans have to go to Canada to get medical treatment.D) The inflation rate has been more than doubled over the years.27. It can be inferred that America can follow the Canadian model and curb its soaringdrug prices by ________.A) encouraging people to buy prescription drugs onlineB) extending medical insurance to all its citizensC) importing low-price prescription drugs from CanadaD) exercising price control on brand-name drugs28. How do propagandists argue for the U.S. drug pricing policy?A) Low prices will affect the quality of medicines in America.B) High prices are essential to funding research on new drugs.C) Low prices will bring about the anger of drug manufacturers.D) High-price drugs are indispensable in curing chronic diseases.29. What should be the priority of America‟s health-care system according to theauthor?A) To resolve the dilemma in the health-care system.B) To maintain America‟s lead in the drug industry.C) To allow the vast majority to enjoy its benefits.D) To quicken the pace of new drug development.30. What are American drug companies doing to protect their high profits?A) Labeling drugs bought from Canada as being fakes.B) Threatening to cut back funding for new drug research.C) Reducing supplies to uncooperative Canadian pharmacies.D) Attributing the raging epidemics to the ineffectiveness of Canadian drugs.Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Age has its privileges in America. And one of the more prominent of them is the senior citizen discount. Anyone who has reached a certain age—in some cases as low as 55—is automatically entitled to a dazzling array of price reductions at nearly every level of commercial life. Eligibility is determined not by one‟s need but by the date on one‟s birth certificate. Practically unheard of a generation ago, the discounts have become a routine part of many businesses—as common as color televisions in motel rooms and free coffee on airliners.People with gray hair often are given the discounts without even asking for them；yet, millions of Americans above age 60 are healthy and solvent (有支付能力的). Businesses that would never dare offer discounts to college students or anyone under 30 freely offer them to older Americans. The practice is acceptable because of the widespread belief that “elderly”and “needy”are synonymous (同义的). Perhaps that once was true, but today elderly Americans as a group have a lower poverty rate than the rest of the population. To be sure, there is economic diversity within the elderly, and many older Americans are poor, But most of them aren‟t.It is impossible to determine the impact of the discounts on individual companies. For many firms, they are a stimulus to revenue. But in other cases the discounts are given at the expense, directly or indirectly, of younger Americans. Moreover, they are a direct irritant in what some politicians and scholars see as a coming conflict between thegenerations.Generational tensions are being fueled by continuing debate over Social Security benefits, which mostly involves a transfer of resources from the young to the old. Employment is another sore point, Buoyed (支持) by laws and court decisions, more and more older Americans are declining the retirement dinner in favor of staying on the job-thereby lessening employment and promotion opportunities for younger workers.Far from a kind of charity they once were, senior citizen discounts have become a formidable economic privilege to a group with millions of members who don‟t need them.It no longer makes sense to treat the elderly as a single group whose economic needs deserve priority over those of others. Senior citizen discounts only enhance the myth that older people can‟t take care of themselves and need special treatment；and they threaten the creation of a new myth, that the elderly are ungrateful and taking for themselves at the expense of children and other age groups. Senior citizen discounts are the essence of the very thing older Americans are fighting against-discrimination by age.31. We learn from the first paragraph that ________.A) offering senior citizens discounts has become routine commercial practiceB) senior citizen discounts have enabled many old people to live a decent lifeC) giving senior citizens discounts has boosted the market for the elderlyD) senior citizens have to show their birth certificates to get a discount32. What assumption lies behind the practice of senior citizen discounts?A) Businesses, having made a lot of profits, should do something for society inreturn.B) Old people are entitled to special treatment for the contribution they made tosociety.C) The elderly, being financially underprivileged, need humane help from society.D) Senior citizen discounts can make up for the inadequacy of the Social Securitysystem.33. According to some politicians and scholars, senior citizen discounts will ________.A) make old people even more dependent on societyB) intensify conflicts between the young and the oldC) have adverse financial impact on business companiesD) bring a marked increase in the companies revenues34. How does the author view the Social Security system?A) It encourages elderly people to retire in time.B) It opens up broad career prospects for young people.C) It benefits the old at the expense of the young.D) It should be reinforced by laws and court decisions.35. Which of the following best summarizes the author‟s main argument?A) Senior citizens should fight hard against age discrimination.B) The elderly are selfish and taking senior discounts for granted.C) Priority should be given to the economic needs of senior citizens.D) Senior citizen discounts may well be a type of age discrimination.Passage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.In 1854 my great-grandfather, Morris Marable, was sold on an auction block in Georgia for $500. For his white slave master, the sale was just “business as usual.” But to Morris Marable and his heirs, slavery was a crime against our humanity. This pattern of human rights violations against enslaved African-Americans continued under racial segregation for nearly another century.The fundamental problem of American democracy in the 21st century is the problem of “structural racism” the deep patterns of socio-economic inequality and accumulated disadvantage that are coded by race, and constantly justified in public speeches by both racist stereotypes and white indifference. Do Americans have the capacity and vision to remove these structural barriers that deny democratic rights and opportunities to millions of their fellow citizens?This country has previously witnessed two great struggles to achieve a truly multicultural democracy.The First Reconstruction (1865-1877) ended slavery and briefly gave black men voting rights, but gave no meaningful compensation for two centuries of unpaid labor. The promise of “40 acres and a mule (骡子)”was for most blacks a dream deferred (尚未实现的).The Second Reconstruction (1954-1968), or the modern civil rights movement, ended legal segregation in public accommodations and gave blacks voting rights. But these successes paradoxically obscure the tremendous human costs of historically accumulated disadvantage that remain central to black Americans‟ lives.The disproportionate wealth that most whites enjoy today was first constructed from centuries of unpaid black labor. Many white institutions, including some leading universities, insurance companies and banks, profited from slavery. This pattern of white privilege and black inequality continues today.Demanding reparations (赔偿) is not just about compensation for slavery and segregation. It is, more important, an educational campaign to highlight the contemporary reality of “racial deficits” of all kinds, the unequal conditions that impact blacks regardless of class. Structural racism‟s barriers include “equity inequity.” the absence of black capital formation that is a direct consequence of America‟s history. Onethird of all black households actually have negative net wealth. In 1998 the typical black family‟s net wealth was $16,400, less than one fifth that of white families. Black families are denied home loans at twice the rate of whites.Blacks remain the last hired and first fired during recessions. During the 1990-91 recession, African-Americans suffered disproportionately. At Coca-Cola, 42 percent of employees who lost their jobs were blacks. At Sears, 54 percent were black, Blacks have significantly shorter life spans, in part due to racism in the health establishment. Blacks are statistically less likely than whites to be referred for kidney transplants or early-stage cancer surgery.36. To the author, the auction of his great-grandfather is a typical example of ________.A) crime against humanityB) unfair business transactionC) racial conflicts in GeorgiaD) racial segregation in America37. The barrier to democracy in 21st century America is ________.A) widespread use of racist stereotypesB) prejudice against minority groupsC) deep-rooted socio-economic inequalityD) denial of legal rights to ordinary blacks38. What problem remains unsolved in the two Reconstructions?A) Differences between races are deliberately obscured.B) The blacks are not compensated for their unpaid labor.C) There is no guarantee for blacks to exercise their rights.D) The interests of blacks are not protected by law.39. It is clear that the wealth enjoyed by most whites ________.A) has resulted from business successes over the yearsB) has been accompanied by black capital formationC) has derived from sizable investments in educationD) has been accumulated from generations of slavery40. What does the author think of the current situation regarding racial discrimination?A) Racism is not a major obstacle to blacks‟ employment.B) Inequality of many kinds remains virtually untouched.C) A major step has been taken towards reparations.D) Little has been done to ensure blacks‟ civil rights.Part III Vocabulary (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that bestcompletes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the AnswerSheet with a single line through the centre.41. Because of the ________ of its ideas, the book was in wide circulation both at homeand abroad.A) originalityB) subjectivityC) generalityD) ambiguity42. With its own parliament and currency and a common ________ for peace, theEuropean Union declared itself—in 11 official languages—open for business.A) inspirationB) assimilationC) intuitionD) aspiration43. America has now adopted more ________ European-style inspection systems, andthe incidence of food poisoning is falling.A) discreteB) solemnC) rigorousD) autonomous44. Mainstream pro-market economists all agree that competition is an ________ spurto efficiency and innovation.A) extravagantB) exquisiteC) intermittentD) indispensable45. In the late 19th century, Jules Verne, the master of science fiction, foresaw many ofthe technological wonders that are ________ today.A) transientB) commonplaceC) implicitD) elementary46. I was so ________ when I used the automatic checkout lane in the supermarket forthe first time.A) immersedB) assaultedC) thrilledD) dedicated47. His arm was ________ from the shark‟s mouth and reattached, but the boy, whonearly died, remained in a delicate condition.A) retrievedB) retainedC) repelledD) restored48. Bill Gates and Walt Disney are two people America has ________ to be the GreatestAmerican.A) appointedB) appeasedC) nicknamedD) dominated49. The ________ majority of citizens tend to believe that the death penalty will helpdecrease the crime rate.A) overflowingB) overwhelmingC) prevalentD) premium50. We will also see a ________ increase in the number of televisions per household, assmall TV displays are added to clocks, coffee makers and smoke detectors.A) startlingB) surpassingC) suppressingD) stacking51. The advance of globalization is challenging some of our most ________ values andideas, including our idea of what constitutes “home”.A) enrichedB) enlightenedC) cherishedD) chartered52. Researchers have discovered that ________ with animals in an active way maylower a person‟s blood pressure.A) interactingB) integratingC) migratingD) merging53. The Beatles, the most famous British band of the 1960s, traveled worldwide formany years, ________ cultural barriers.A) transportingB) transplantingC) transferringD) transcending54. In his last years, Henry suffered from a disease that slowly ________ him of muchof his sight.A) relievedB) jeopardizedC) deprivedD) eliminated55. Weight lifting, or any other sport that builds up your muscles, can make bonesbecome denser and less ________ to injury.A) attachedB) proneC) immuneD) reconciled56. He has ________ to museums hundreds of his paintings as well as his entirepersonal collection of modern art.A) ascribedB) attributedC) designatedD) donated57. Erik‟s website contains ________ photographs and hundreds of articles and shortvideos from his trip around the globe.A) prosperousB) gorgeousC) spaciousD) simultaneous58. Optimism is a ________ shown to be associated with good physical health, lessdepression and longer life.A) trailB) traitC) traceD) track59. The institution has a highly effective program which helps first-year students makea successful ________ into college life.A) transformationB) transmissionC) transitionD) transaction60. Philosophers believe that desire, hatred and envy are “negative emotions” which________ the mind and lead it into a pursuit of power and possessions.A) distortB) reinforceC) exertD) scramble61. The term “glass ceiling” was first used by the Wall Street Journal to describe theapparent barriers that prevent women from reaching the top of the corporate ________.A) seniorityB) superiorityC) heightD) hierarchy62. Various efforts have been made over the centuries to predict earthquakes, includingobserving lights in the sky and ________ animal behavior.A) abnormalB) exoticC) absurdD) erroneous63. Around 80 percent of the ________ characteristics of most white Britons have beenpassed down from a few thousand Ice Age hunters.A) intelligibleB) randomC) spontaneousD) genetic64. Picasso gained popularity in the mid-20th century, which was ________ of a newattitude towards modern art.A) informativeB) indicativeC) exclusiveD) expressive65. The country was an island that enjoyed civilized living for a thousand years or morewith little ________ from the outside world.A) disturbanceB) discriminationC) irritationD) irregularity66. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and________.A) stabilityB) capabilityC) durabilityD) availability67. Back in the days when people traveled by horse and carriage, Karl Benz ________the world with his extraordinary three-wheeled motor vehicle.A) inhibitedB) extinguishedC) quenchedD) stunned。

2008~2009学年第二学期期末考试 《铁路轨道》试题A 答案 (适用班级：函授铁道工程07级)1、钢轨是铁路轨道的组成部件 ，要求钢轨具有足够的 强度 、 韧性和 耐磨性 。

2、锰、硅可提高钢轨的质量。

磷、硫都是 有害成分 。

3、锁定轨温：是指无缝线路的长钢轨无温度力状态时的轨温。

通常将铺设长钢轨的两端落槽时的平均轨温作为锁定轨温。

4、三角坑：在不足18米的距离内，先是左股较右股钢轨高，两个最大水平误差超过4㎜。

5、应力放散：无缝线路在运用过程中，原锁定轨温不明或发生变化时，在适当轨温时，将中间扣件、防爬设备松开，采取措施使钢轨伸缩，释放内部应力，再重新锁定的过程。

二、填空题（每空1分，共25分）1、 无缝线路的锁定轨温，是长钢轨无 温度应力或温度力 时的轨温。

通常将铺设长钢轨的两端正常就位时的 平均轨温 作为锁定轨温。

2、无缝线路钢轨内温度力和温度应力的大小，与轨温 变化量的大小 有直接关系，适当控制轨温的 变化量 ，可降低钢轨内部温度力。

3、在长钢轨两端接头处，防止钢轨纵向位移的阻力，叫 接头阻力 。

它是由钢轨与夹板间的 摩擦 阻力所提供。

4、道床阻力通常取轨枕位移量为 2㎜ 时的相应阻力值作为 计算阻力值 。

5、无缝线路道床横向阻力是防止 涨轨跑道 、 轨距变化 ，保证轨道稳定的主要因素。

6、木枕失效的原因是 腐朽 、 机械磨损 、 裂缝 。

7、每千米最多铺设混凝土枕为 1840根 ，木枕为 1920根 。

8、连续弹性基础梁理论将钢轨视为一根支撑在 弹性支座 上的无限长梁。

9、曲线轨道的主要病害是： 方向不良 、 磨耗超限 。

10、无缝线路依据处理钢轨内部温度应力方式不同，分为 温度应力式 和 放散温度应力式 两种类型。

11、无缝线路轨道除承受列车荷载外，还要承受巨大的 温度力 ，它仅与 温度变化幅度 成正比关系，而与 线路的长度 无关。

12、温度应力式无缝线路的两端钢轨联接有两种型式：一种是 普通夹板接头 ；另一种为 尖轨接头 。

石家庄铁道学院2006-2007学年第二学期06级本科班期末考试试卷A 答案一、 选择题 （共30分）1.C2.C3.C4.B5.C6.C7.A8.D9.D 10.C 二、填空题 （共30分）1.2分2分2. －F 0R 3分3. 031ω 3分 4. (1)⎰∞100d )(v v f 2分(2)⎰∞100d )(v v Nf 2分5. 33.3％2分50％ 2分 66.7％ 1分6. 功变热 2分热传导 2分 7. ()042ε/q q + 2分q 1、q 2、q 3、q 4 2分8. Q / (4πε0R 2) 1分0 1分 Q / (4πε0R ) 1分 Q / (4πε0r 2) 1分21211m t F m m t F ∆++∆211m m t F +∆三、计算题 （共40分）1.解：(1) 以炮弹与炮车为系统，以地面为参考系，水平方向动量守恒．设炮车相对于地面的速率为V x ，则有0)cos (=++x x V u m MV α 3分 )/(cos m M mu V x +-=α 1分即炮车向后退．(2) 以u (t )表示发炮过程中任一时刻炮弹相对于炮身的速度，则该瞬时炮车的速度应为)/(cos )()(m M t mu t V x +-=α3分积分求炮车后退距离 ⎰=∆tx t t V x 0d )(⎰+-=tt t u m M m 0d cos )()/(α2分)/(cos m M ml x +-=∆α即向后退了)/(cos m M ml +α的距离．1分2. 解：受力分析如图． 2分mg －T 2 = ma 2 1分 T 1－mg = ma 1 1分 T 2 (2r )－T 1r = 9mr 2β / 2 2分 2r β = a 2 1分 r β = a 1 1分 解上述5个联立方程，得： rg192=β 2分3.解：由图可看出 p A V A = p C V C从状态方程 pV =νRT 可知 T A =T C ，因此全过程A →B →C 的∆E =0． 3分 B →C 过程是绝热过程，有Q BC = 0．A →B 过程是等压过程，有 )(25)( A A B B A B p AB V p V p T T C Q -=-=ν＝14.9×105 J ． 故全过程A →B →C 的 Q = Q BC +Q AB =14.9×105 J ． 4分 根据热一律Q =W +∆E ，得全过程A →B →C 的W = Q －∆E ＝14.9×105 J ． 3分4.解：由高斯定理可得场强分布为：E =-σ / ε0 (－a ＜x ＜a ) 1分 E = 0 (－∞＜x ＜－a ，a ＜x ＜＋∞＝ 1分由此可求电势分布：在－∞＜x ≤－a 区间T 2aT2P1Pβa 1⎰⎰⎰---+==00/d d 0d aa xxx x x E U εσ0/εσa -=2分在－a ≤x ≤a 区间000d d εσεσx x x E U xx=-==⎰⎰2分在a ≤x ＜∞区间000d d 0d εσεσa x x x E U aa xx=-+==⎰⎰⎰2分图2分-a+aO xU。

河北女子职业技术学院2006—2007学年第一学期06级大专英语期末试卷（A卷）班级姓名学号成绩一、Read the passage, and then choose the best answer for each of the following. (40 points)TASK 1In Turkey, one out of ten people could read or write in the 1920s. Teachers were especially needed in Turkey’s small towns and villages. At first, the Turkish government brought young people to the cities for training as teachers. But the new teachers enjoyed city life so much that they often refused to return to the small villages. To solve this problem, the Turkish government built teacher-training schools in the villages. Young people who graduated from these schools remained in the villages. Today, almost half of the people in Turkey can read and write. Mexico, too, had the problem of a large population that could not read or write. In the 1940s the president decided to introduce an unusual program of education. Every person between 18 and 60 who could read and write had to teach another person between 6 and 40 to read and write. In this way, each student had his or her own teacher! The government provided books for the teachers to use. The books were written in Spanish, which is the official language of the country. They were also written in several Indian languages. In the first year of this program, about 750,000 people learned to read and write.1._______ out of ten couldn’t read or write in Turkey in the 1920s.A. OneB. SevenC. EightD. Nine2. Book in Mexico were written in _______ .A. French and RussianB. Swedish and DutchC. Spanish and IndianD. Turkey and English3. The unusual program of education in Mexico was ________. A. first used in Turkey schools B. introduced by the presidentC. first invented by the IndiansD. introduced by education experts4. Why was the program of education in Mexico unusual?A. It forced people to provide books.B. The government provided villages with free textbooks.C. The books were written in Spanish.D. Each student had his or her own teacher.5. In Mexico, every person between ________ had to teach another person between ________.A. 18 and 60, 6 and 40B. 16 and 40, 8 and 60C. 10 and 60, 6 and 50D. 15 and 50, 6 and 60TASK 2He is a handsome boy. He has golden hair and a pair of big blue eyes. But he looks very sad. He is thin and weak because he suffers from AIDS.In healthy human bodies, the immune system protects us from disease. But when one gets the AIDS virus in his/her body, it attacks and destroys the immune system, and the body then is helpless against diseases. And the patient will die of this or that disease.But you don’t have to worry too much about being with the boy. The AIDS virus can’t live outside his body, and it can’t travel through the air. You don’t need to be afraid to touch him, either.Children with AIDS need help from other children. They need to have friends to play with. Let’s try our best to do something for them..6. The boy has ____________.A. golden hair and brown eyesB. golden hair and blue eyesC. black hair and brown eyesD. black hair and blue eyes7. We can use the following to describe the boy EXCEPT ________.A. sadB. thinC. weakD. ugly8. The boy is unhealthy because he _________.A. is dyingB. suffers from a serious diseaseC. can’t play with other childrenD. is sad9. What do we know about AIDS virus?A. It can live outside the body.B. It can move through the air.C. People can get it by shaking hands.D. It makes our body helpless against disease.10. Other children can help him by __________.A. being his friendsB. leaving him aloneC. sending him to hospitalD. giving him some money to buy medicineTASK 3If you are like most people, your intelligence varies from season to season. You are probably a lot sharper in the spring than you are at any other time of the year. A noted scientist, Ellsworth Huntington (1876-1947), concluded from other men’s work and his own among people in different climates that climate and temperature have a definite effect on our mental abilities. He found that cool weather is much more favourable for creative thinking than is summer heat. This does not mean that all people are less intelligent in the summer than they are during the rest of the year. It does mean, however, that the mental abilities of large numbers of people tend to be lowest in the summer.Spring appears to be the best period of the year for thinking. One reason may be that in the spring man’s mental abilities are affected by the same factors that bring about great changes in all nature .Fall is the next—best season, then winter. As for summer, it seems to be good time to take a long vacation from thinking!11. Huntington based his conclusions on __________.A. records of changes in his own intelligenceB. work with peoples in different climatesC. records of temperature changesD. all of the above 12. Huntington decided that climate and temperature have________.A. a great effect on everybody’s intelligenceB. some effect on a few person’s intelligenceC. some effect on most person’s intelligenceD. no effect on most person’s intelligence13. One possible reason why spring is the best season for thinking is that ________.A. all nature, including man, is growing thenB. it lasts longer than the other seasonsC. it has longer daytime than winterD. both B and C14. The two best seasons for thinking seem to be ________.A. winter and summerB. summer and springC. fall and winterD. spring and fall15. According to the passage, any vacation from thinking should be taken ________.A. several times throughout the yearB. during the summerC. during the summerD. as seldom as possibleTASK 4For many years T-shirts were simple short-sleeved under shirts for men and boys, T-shirts used to be of one color－white, and since they were worn under shirts, they were generally not seen. Today the T-shirt has become fashionable. It can be seen everywhere and everyone. Women and little children wear T-shirts, as do teenagers, university students and men from all walks of life. T-shirts are worn on playground, at the beach or in town. They can also be worn for work. Yet T-shirts remain inexpensive and long wearing, as well as easy to care for, smart but comfortable, and convenient to wear. They have become one of the American’s newest ideas on fashion. Although T-shirts are now available in a wide variety of bright materials and styles, the most popular kind is the traditional cotton T-shirt with a slogan（口号、标语）orpicture printed on the front. T-shirt may bear a single word, a popular phrase, pictures of popular singers of an advertisement. As T-shirts are becoming more and more popular, new designs are coming out all the time.16. In the past T-shirts were simple short-sleeved under shirts for __________.A. women and menB. boys and girlsC. students and soldiersD. men and boys17. Today the T-shirt has become________.A. outmodedB. old-fashionedC. fashionableD. particular18. People like to wear T-shirts so much today because ________.A. T-shirts feel soft and wash wellB. T-shirts are smart and comfortableC. T-shirts go well with trousersD. T-shirts are suitable for evening wear19. The most popular kind of T-shirt is________.A. the silk T-shirt in white colorB. the cotton T-shirt with a slogan or pictureC. the nylon T-shirt worn on playgroundD. the wool T-shirt worn for work20. ________ in order to make T-shirts more attractive.A. New designs are being adoptedB. Advertisements are being widely usedC. New technology is being employedD. More synthetic materials are being introduced二、Decide the best answer from each group of choices. (20points )1. He has become ________ his study, so he often daydreams in class recently.A. lost inB. lost withC. bored withD. bored of2. Whenever I _______ somebody _______at the airport, I feel very sad.A. see … awayB. see … offC. send … awayD. send … off 3. When she asks him ______help, he is always ______to give a hand.A. to … dueB. for … dueC. to … readyD. for … ready4. I have ______ a taxi for us.A. greetedB. telephonedC. arrangedD. planed5. The little girl ______her mother to dress her up rather than she does it herself.A. hatesB. prefers, toC. stopsD. likes, to6. The family moved into a new sunny and big ________.A. apartmentB. departmentC. compartmentD. appointment7. Many things in my house are not _______ and I’m thinking of changing them.A. in a good conditionB. in good conditionC. on a good conditionD. on good condition8. To ______ you the truth, I am crazy about shopping.A. tellB. askC. sayD. speak9. Let’s _______ the difference. Is 30 yuan O.K.?A. stopB. saveC. spareD. split10. The pictures remind me _______ the trip to the West.A. atB. onC. inD. of11. Mr. Liu works with a travel agency as a _______.A. tourist guideB. tour guideC. travel guideD. trip guide12. One cannot judge a person only by his _______ conditions.A. economicalB. economicsC. economicD. economy13. Department stores offer a big ______ of items.A. kindB. varietyC. typeD. model14. They sold the old furniture to make _______ for the new.A. a roomB. a spaceC. roomD. space15. The garments in the department store are so expensive that I can’t _______ them.A. buyB. purchaseC. affordD. take16.They _________ good friends and often visited each other.A. are used to beingB. are used to beC. used to beingD. used to be17. We soon arrived _______ the airport.A. inB. atC. onD. to18. After he ______ the unforgettable failure of love, he became afraid of it.A. feltB. forgotC. metD. experienced19. There is a ________ of two hours with the 7: 40 train.A. delayB. changeC. scheduleD. timetable20. John is busy ________ his girlfriend with her paper.A. to helpB. helpingC. helpD. helps三、Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the word given in the brackets.(10 points)1. It is time for ________ the plane. (board)2. Due to the heavy fog, the plane is delayed for its ________. (depart)3. The ________ inquiries may come to over a thousand. (day)4. Today, women have chances of going into _______ positions. (executive)5. Many Americans get good buys by ________ or asking for discounts. (bargain)6. I hate shopping. It’s too time-________. (consume)7. This dress ______ you so well, why not buy it? (fit)8. Usually people travel by _______ class instead of first class. (economy)9. A travel ________ work is exciting as he can usually meet different kinds of people. (agency)10. It’s the first time he has made traveling _______ himself. (arrange)四、Are the following sentences true (T) or false(F), if false(F), please correct it. (10 points )1.Please write your name at the top of paper.2.This work is easy enough to him to do.3.This boy is too stupid to answer this question.4.This box is full with books.5.Tom’s mother wants him do his homework at once.6.Do you want any milk?7.Would you like a cup of a tea?8.I think there are any books in the box.9.This television is too expensive to us. 10.He spent a lot of money on books.五、Translate the following sentences.(20 points)1.I’m thinking of buying a shirt for my father.2.Department stores often offer discounts for new-year sales.3.I’m going to take the 14:20 ship.4.Xiao Wang is in charge of our itinerary.5.You can have it for 50 yuan, that’s my last word.6.这些衣服按原价买太贵了。

嘉兴学院试卷2006—2007学年第二学期期末考试试卷NO A 卷课程名称：生理学使用班级：06级护本考试形式：闭卷（请用答题卡）班级：姓名：学号：在答题卡上。

每小题1分，共40分)1．关于Na+跨细胞膜转运方式的叙述，正确的是EA．以单纯扩散为主要方式B．以易化扩散为次要方式C．以主动转运为唯一方式D．有单纯扩散和易化扩散两种方式E．有易化扩散和主动转运两种方式2．不属于局部电位的是AA．锋电位B．终板电位C．耳蜗微音器电位D．抑制性突触后电位E．兴奋性突触后电位3．血液凝固的本质变化是DA．血小板聚集B．红细胞叠连C．血细胞凝聚D．纤维蛋白形成E．红细胞凝集4．红细胞功能的下列说明，错误的是DA．运输O2与CO2B．可调节机体的酸碱平衡C．其功能通过血红蛋白实现D．溶血后的血红蛋白功能不变E．O2与血红蛋白结合成HbO2而运输5．不属于心室肌细胞生理特性的是BA．兴奋性B．自律性C．传导性D．收缩性E．有效不应期长6．在减慢射血期DA．房内压＞室内压＞主动脉压B．房内压＜室内压＞主动脉压C．房内压＝室内压＞主动脉压D．房内压＜室内压＜主动脉压E．房内压＞室内压＜主动脉压7．用于分析比较不同个体心功能的常用指标是BA．每分输出量B．心指数C．射血分数D．心脏做功量E．心力储备8．影响正常人舒张压的主要因素是CA．大动脉弹性B．心输出量C．阻力血管口径D．血液黏滞性E．年龄9．关于血管神经支配的叙述，错误的是EA．缩血管神经纤维都是交感神经纤维B．体内几乎所有的血管的平滑肌都受交感缩血管纤维支配C．少数器官的血管平滑肌接受副交感舒血管纤维支配D．交感舒血管节后纤维释放的递质为乙酰胆碱E．交感缩血管节后纤维释放乙酰胆碱10．二氧化碳在血液中运输的最主要形式是BA．物理溶解B．碳酸氢钠C．碳酸氢钾D．氨基甲酸血红蛋白E．碳酸11．影响能量代谢率最为显著的因素是DA．寒冷B．炎热C．精神活动D．肌肉活动E．进食12．当环境温度等于或高于机体皮肤温度时，机体的散热形式是DA．辐射散热B．传导散热C．对流散热D．蒸发散热E．辐射和对流散热13．肾不产生的生物活性物质是DA．肾素B．促红细胞生成素C．前列腺素D．血管紧张素E．活性维生素D314．下列哪种情况可导致肾小球滤过率增高CA．肾交感神经兴奋B．注射大量肾上腺素C．快速静脉滴注生理盐水D．静脉注射高渗葡萄糖溶液E．注射抗利尿激素15．下列关于近端小管重吸收的叙述，正确的是AA．Na+为主动或被动重吸收B．Cl-为主动重吸收C．K+为被动重吸收D．HCO3-为主动重吸收E．水为主动或被动重吸收16．对葡萄糖重吸收的说明，错误的是BA．超滤液和血液的葡萄糖浓度相等B．葡萄糖在肾小管各段被重吸收C．葡萄糖的重吸收需钠泵参与D．肾小管对葡萄糖重吸收有一定限度E．肾糖阈指尿中开始出现葡萄糖时的血糖浓度17．对肾小管上皮细胞H+-Na+交换的下述说明，错误的是CA．分泌一个H+，重吸收一个Na+B．H+的分泌伴随Na+、HCO3-的重吸收C．H+-Na+交换增强时可使血K+降低D．有排酸保碱维持内环境pH稳态的作用E．酸中毒时H+-Na+交换强于K+-Na+交换18．大量出汗时尿量减少的主要原因是DA．血容量减少，导致肾小球滤过率减少B．动脉血压降低，引起抗利尿激素分泌增加C．交感神经兴奋，引起抗利尿激素分泌增加D．血浆晶体渗透压升高，引起抗利尿激素分泌增加E．血浆胶体渗透压升高，导致肾小球滤过率减少19．可促进肾脏尿液浓缩的因素是CA．直小血管血流加快B．直小血管血流减慢C．远曲小管和集合管对水的通透性增加D．远曲小管和集合管对水的通透性降低E．远曲小管和集合管对Na+的通透性增加20．醛固酮BA．由近球小体的部分细胞分泌B．促进远曲小管和集合管对Na+的重吸收C．可使血K+浓度升高D．促进水的排出E．受血浆晶体渗透压的调节21．关于老视眼的叙述，下列哪项是正确的AA．晶状体的弹性降低B．看远物不清，看近物和正常眼无异C．主要为眼球前后径改变D．物像落在视网膜之前E．角膜表面不呈正球面22．关于视杆系统下面哪项是错误的CA．由视杆细胞、双极细胞、节细胞等组成B．对光敏感度较高C．能分辨颜色、司昼光觉D．分辨力较低E．感受弱光刺激23．声音由外耳传向内耳的最佳通路是CA．颅骨→骨迷路→内淋巴B．鼓膜→鼓室→圆窗→内耳C．鼓膜→听骨链→卵圆窗→内耳D．外耳道→听骨链→内耳E．咽鼓管→鼓室→卵圆窗→内耳24．椭圆囊和球囊的囊斑的适宜刺激是机体的CA．旋转变速运动B．旋转匀速运动C．直线变速运动D．直线匀速运动E．直线和旋转正负加速度25．神经冲动抵达末梢时，引起递质释放主要有赖于哪种离子的作用BA．Cl- B．Ca2+ C.Mg2+D．Na+E．K+26．下列关于兴奋性突触传递的叙述，错误的是CA．突触前轴突末梢去极化B．Ca2+进入突触前膜内C．突触前膜释放递质是以102个分子为单位D．突触后膜Na+、K+，特别是Na+通透性增高E．突触后膜去极化达阈电位时，突触后神经元发放冲动27．下列关于神经递质的叙述，错误的是BA．是参与突触传递的化学物质B．一般是在神经末梢突触小泡中合成C．曲张体是非突触传递释放递质的部位D．受体阻断剂可阻断递质的传递作用E．递质释放后很快被降解或回收而失去作用28．以下属于胆碱能受体的是CA．M、N和αB．M、N和βC．M、N1和N2D．M、α和βE．M、β1和β229．内脏痛最主要的特点是CA．刺痛B．慢痛C．定位不精确D．必有牵涉痛E．对牵拉不敏感30．牵涉痛是指EA．内脏疾病引起相邻脏器的疼痛B．手术牵拉脏器引起的疼痛C．神经疼痛向体表投射D．按压体表引起部分内脏疼痛E．内脏疾病引起体表某一部位的疼痛或痛觉过敏31．在动物中脑上、下丘之间横断脑干可出现BA．脊休克B．去大脑僵直C．昏睡D．偏瘫E．偏盲32．下列关于皮质运动区功能特征的叙述，错误的是DA．对躯体运动的支配有交叉的性质，但对头面部的支配多数是双侧性的B．功能定位总的配布是倒置的，头面部代表区内部的配布为正的C．肌肉的运动越精细、越复杂，其代表区越大D．人工刺激所引起的肌肉运动反应为协同性收缩E．运动区的基本功能单位呈柱状结构33．下列属于副交感神经的作用的是CA．瞳孔扩大B．糖原分解增加C．逼尿肌收缩D．骨骼肌血管舒张E．消化道括约肌收缩34．异相睡眠的生物学意义是CA．促进生长和体力恢复B．促进细胞增殖和成熟C．促进记忆和幼儿神经系统成熟D．促进食欲和消化E．促进脑电图的同步化35．对脑和长骨的发育最重要的激素是EA．生长素B．肾上腺素C．抗利尿激素D．性激素E．甲状腺激素36．关于糖皮质激素对代谢的作用，错误的是CA．抑制蛋白质合成B．促进糖异生C．促进全身各部位的脂肪分解D．减少外周组织对葡萄糖的利用E．促进肾保钠、排钾、排水37．下列有关糖皮质激素对血细胞作用的叙述哪项是正确的CA．使白细胞总数减少B．红细胞减少C．使嗜酸性粒细胞减少D．使淋巴细胞增加E．中性粒细胞减少38．关于激素的正确概念是AA．由内分泌细胞产生的高效能的生物活性物质B．只能加强靶细胞的机能活动C．绝大多数是直接作用于靶细胞膜起作用D．每种激素对其它激素的作用均无影响E．以上都对39．下列关于睾丸功能调节的叙述，错误的是DA．FSH对生精过程有刺激作用B．LH刺激间质细胞分泌睾酮C．FSH对生精有始动作用D．睾酮对FSH分泌有负反馈作用E．生精过程受睾酮和FSH双重控制40．.雌激素和孕激素作用的相同点是DA．促进阴道上皮细胞角化B．促进乳腺导管增生和延长C．使子宫输卵管平滑肌活动减弱D．使子宫内膜增生变厚E．减少宫颈黏液的分泌二、判断题(你认为下列命题是否正确，正确的就在答题卡题号后括号内打“√”，错误的打“×”。

⽣物化学试卷A及答案（药学系06级）⼀、名词解释（每题4分，共5题，计20分）1.domain2.glycolysis3.ketone bodies4.coding strand5.reading frame1. domain 结构域⼤分⼦蛋⽩质的三级结构常可分割成⼀个或数个球状或纤维状的区域，折叠得较为紧密，各⾏使其功能，称为结构域。

2. annealing 退⽕热变性的DNA经缓慢冷却后即可复性，这⼀过程称为退⽕。

3. covalent modification共价修饰在其他酶的作⽤下，酶蛋⽩肽链上的某些基团可与某种化学基团发⽣可逆的共价结合，从⽽改变酶的活性，此过程称为共价修饰。

4. random coil⽆规卷曲⽆规卷曲是⽤来阐述没有确定规律性的那部分肽链结构。

5. transpeptidase转肽酶转肽酶为⼀种23SrRNA的核酶，在肽链合成延长过程中催化肽键的形成。

6. asymmetric transcription不对称转录在DNA分⼦双链上某⼀区段，⼀股链⽤作模板指引转录，另⼀股链不转录；模板链并⾮永远在同⼀条单链上。

7. glycolysis糖酵解在缺氧情况下，葡萄糖⽣成乳酸的过程称之为糖酵解。

8. one carbon unit⼀碳单位某些氨基酸分解代谢过程中产⽣的只含有⼀个碳原⼦的基团，称为⼀碳单位。

包括甲基，甲烯基，甲炔基，甲酰基和亚胺甲基等。

⼆、填空（每空0.5分，计20分）1、（本题2分）蛋⽩质变性主要是破坏了次级键，使其空间结构遭到破坏，其理化性质改变，⽣物学活性丧失。

2、（本题1分）稳定DNA双螺旋结构的横向稳定作⽤⼒是氢键，纵向作⽤⼒是碱基堆积⼒。

3、（本题1分）酶促反应速度（V）达到最⼤速度（Vmax）的80%时，底物浓度[S]是Km的 4 倍；⽽V 达到Vmax的60%时，[S]则是Km的 1.5倍。

4、（本题1.5分）糖的有氧氧化中催化底物⽔平磷酸化的三个酶是磷酸⽢油酸激酶、丙酮酸激酶和琥珀酰CoA合成酶。

０６级《线性代数与概率统计》期末考试试题（A 卷)２007学年(1)学期姓名:＿_＿＿__＿_＿＿＿＿___＿___学号：___＿_＿____________＿_分数：_＿_＿___________＿___＿一、是非题（下列叙述正确的打“√”,错误的打“×”）(共10分）1、若A 是n 阶方阵(ｎ≥２）,则A A =-。

（ × )2、在样本空间S 中存在两个事件A 、B 满足()()()A B P AB P A P B φ⋂==且( √ )3、若向量组123,,,...,m αααα线性无关，则1α必可由23,,...,m ααα线性表出。

( × ）４、设A 是ｍ×n 矩阵，若m <n ，则A Ｘ＝0有无穷多个解。

（ √ ） 5、对于随机变量X 、Y ，若ρXY ≠0,则Ｘ与Y 必定不相互独立。

( √ ） 6、在圆周上任意放置三个点,则该三点构成各种三角形的概率必定大于0。

( ×)7、将一枚硬币抛掷10000次,出现正面580０次，认为这枚硬币不均匀是合理。

( √ ) 8、已知()(),A B A B A B A B C ++++++=则C ＝B 。

( √ ）9、设m ×n 矩阵B ≠Ｏ，且BX =B Ｙ,则X ＝Y 。

( × ）10、对于矩阵A 、B ，若矩阵A 满秩,则r(AB ）=ｒ(B ）。

（ √ )二、选择题（２0分）１、已知A 、B 、Ｃ为某随机试验中的事件，则下列各式一定正确的是( D ） （Ａ)();A B B A -+= (B)()();A B C A B C +-=+- （Ｃ);A C B C A B +=+⇒= (D)以上答案都不一定正确 2、设,A B 均为可逆矩阵，且AB BA =,则( B )（Ａ)11;A B B A --= （Ｂ）11;AB B A --= （C)11;AB B A --= （D ）11()()0A B A B --++≠３、某人射击时,中靶的概率为3/４，如果射击直到中靶为止,则射击次数为3的概率为( Ｃ ）(Ａ)33();4 (B) 231();44⨯ （C) 213();44⨯ (Ｄ） 31()44、下列说法不正确的是( A ）（A ）对于事件A ，若P(Ａ)=1,则事件A 必定为必然事件; （B ）极大无关组中的解向量一定线性无关；(Ｃ)交换行列式的某两行，行列式的值变为相反数；(Ｄ)满秩矩阵一定可逆，且可以化为若干个初等矩阵的乘积。

2006年6月17日大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷(A卷)注意事项一、将自己的校名、姓名、准考证号写在答题卡上。

将本试卷代号(A、B卷)划在答题卡上。

二、试卷和答题卡均不得带出考场。

考试结束，监考员收卷后考生才可离开。

三、仔细读懂题目的说明。

四、多项选择题的答案一定要划在答题卡上，凡是写在试卷上的答案一律无效。

每题只能选一个答案：如多选。

则该题无分，选定答案后，用铅笔在相应字母的中部划一条横线。

正确方法是：A) B) C) D)。

使用其他符号答题者不给分，划线要有一定粗度，浓度要盖过字母底色。

五、如果要改动答案，必须先用橡皮擦净原来选定的答案，然后再按上面的规定重新答题。

六、试题的第四部分改错(Error Correction)和第五部分作文(Writing)印刷在答题卡上，请用黑色字迹签字笔在答题卡上作答。

七、在90分钟内做完试题的第一至第四部分，90分钟后，监考员收取试卷，然后考生再做第五部分作文题，答题时间为30分钟。

全部考试时间为120分钟，不得拖延时间。

八、在考试过程中要注意对自己的答案保密，若被他人抄袭，一经发现，后果自负。

全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both theconversation and the question will be spoken only once. After eachquestion there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single linethrough the centre.1. A) She met with Thomas just a few days ago.B) She can help with the orientation program.C) She is not sure she can pass on the message.D) She will certainly try to contact Thomas.2. A) Set the dinner table.B) Change the light bulb.C) Clean the dining room.D) Hold the ladder for him.3. A) He’d like a piece of pie.B) He’d like some coffee.C) He’d rather stay in the warm room.D) He’s just had dinner with his friends.4. A) He has managed to sell a number of cars.B) He is contented with his current position.C) He might get fired.D) He has lost his job.5. A) Tony’s secretary.B) Paul’s girlfriend.C) Paul’s colleague.D) Tony’s wife.6. A) He was fined for running a red light.B) He was caught speeding on a fast lane.C) He had to run quickly to get the ticket.D) He made a wrong turn at the intersection.7. A) He has learned a lot from his own mistakes.B) He is quite experienced in taming wild dogs.C) He finds reward more effective than punishment.D) He thinks it important to master basic training skills.8. A) At a bookstore.B) At the dentist’s.C) In a restaurant.D) In the library.9. A) He doesn’t want Jenny to get into trouble.B) He doesn’t agree with the woman’s remark.C) He thinks Jenny’s workload too heavy at college.D) He believes most college students are running wild.10. A) It was applaudable.B) It was just terrible.C) The actors were enthusiastic.D) The plot was funny enough.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the bestanswer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecentre.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) Social work.B) Medical care.C) Applied physics.D) Special education.12. A) The timely advice from her friends and relatives.B) The two-year professional training she received.C) Her determination to fulfill her dream.D) Her parents’ consistent moral support.13. A) To get the funding for the hospitals.B) To help the disabled children there.C) To train therapists for the children there.D) To set up an institution for the handicapped.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) At a country school in Mexico.B) In a mountain valley of Spain.C) At a small American college.D) In a small village in Chile.15. A) By expanding their minds and horizons.B) By financing their elementary education.C) By setting up a small primary school.D) By setting them an inspiring example.16. A) She wrote poetry that broke through national barriers.B) She was a talented designer of original school curriculums.C) She proved herself to be an active and capable stateswoman.D) She made outstanding contributions to children’s education.17. A) She won the 1945 Nobel Prize in Literature.B) She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize.C) She translated her books into many languages.D) She advised many statesmen on international affairs.Passage ThreeQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18. A) How animals survive harsh conditions in the wild.B) How animals alter colors to match their surroundings.C) How animals protect themselves against predators.D) How animals learn to disguise themselves effectively.19. A) Its enormous size.B) Its plant-like appearance.C) Its instantaneous response.D) Its offensive smell.20. A) It helps improve their safety.B) It allows them to swim faster.C) It helps them fight their predators.D) It allows them to avoid twists and turns.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and markthe corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecentre.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.There are good reasons to be troubled by the violence that spreads throughout the media. Movies, Television and video games are full of gunplay and bloodshed, and one might reasonably ask what’s wrong with a society that presents videos of domestic violence as entertainment.Most researchers agree that the causes of real-world violence are complex. A 1993 study by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences listed “biological, individual, family, peer, school, and community factors” as all playing their parts.Viewing abnormally large amounts of violent television and video games may well contribute to violent behavior in certain individuals. The trouble comes when researchers downplay uncertainties in their studies or overstate the case for causality (因果关系). Skeptics were dismayed several years ago when a group of societies including the American Medical Association tried to end the debate by issuing a joint statement: “At this time, well over 1,000 studies... point overwhelmingly to a causal connection between media violence and aggressive behavior in some children.”Freedom-of-speech advocates accused the societies of catering to politicians, and even disputed the number of studies (most were review articles and essays, they said). When Jonathan Freedman, a social psychologist at the University of Toronto, reviewed the literature, he found only 200 or so studies of television-watching and aggression. And when he weeded out “the most doubtful measures of aggression”, only 28% supported a connection.The critical point here is causality. The alarmists say they have proved that violent media cause aggression. But the assumptions behind their observations need to be examined. When labeling games as violent or non-violent, should a hero eating a ghost really be counted as a violent event? And when experimenters record the time it takes game players to read ‘aggressive’ or ‘non-aggressive’ words from a list, can we be sure what they are actually measuring? The intent of the new Harvard Center on Media and Child Health to collect and standardize studies of media violence in order to compare their methodologies, assumptions and conclusions is an important step in the right direction.Another appropriate step would be to tone down the criticism until we know more. Several researchers write, speak and testify quite a lot on the threat posed by violence in the media. That is, of course, their privilege. But when doing so, they often come out with statements that the matter has now been settled, drawing criticism from colleagues. In response, the alarmists accuse critics and news reporters of being deceived by the entertainment industry. Such clashes help neither science nor society.21. Why is there so much violence shown in movies, TV and video games?A) There is a lot of violence in the real world today.B) Something has gone wrong with today’s society.C) Many people are fond of gunplay and bloodshed.D) Showing violence is thought to be entertaining.22. What is the skeptics (Line 3. Para. 3) view of media violence?A) Violence on television is a fairly accurate reflection of real-world life.B) Most studies exaggerate the effect of media violence on the viewers.C) A causal relationship exists between media and real-world violence.D) The influence of media violence on children has been underestimated.23. The author uses the term “alarmists” (Line 1. Para. 5) to refer to those who________.A) use standardized measurements in the studies of media violenceB) initiated the debate over the influence of violent media on realityC) assert a direct link between violent media and aggressive behaviorD) use appropriate methodology in examining aggressive behavior24. In refuting the alarmists, the author advances his argument by first challenging________.A) the source and amount of their dataB) the targets of their observationC) their system of measurementD) their definition of violence25. What does the author think of the debate concerning the relationship between themedia and violence?A) More studies should be conducted before conclusions are drawn.B) It should come to an end since the matter has now been settled.C) The past studies in this field have proved to be misleading.D) He more than agrees with the views held by the alarmists.Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.You’re in trouble if you have to buy your own brand-name prescription drugs. Over the past decade, prices leaped by more than double the inflation rate. Treatments for chronic conditions can easily top $2,000 a month-no wonder that one in four Americans can’s afford to fill their prescriptions. The solution? A hearty chorus of “O Canada.” North of the border, where price controls reign, those same brand-name drugs cost 50% to 80% less.The Canadian option is fast becoming a political wake-up call, “If our neighbors canbuy drugs at reasonable prices, why can’t we? Even to whisper that thought provokes anger. “Un-American!” And-the propagandists’trump card (王牌)—“Wreck our brilliant health-care system.” Supersize drug prices, they claim, fund the research that sparks the next generation of wonder drugs. No sky-high drug price today, no cure for cancer tomorrow. So shut up and pay up.Common sense tells you that’s a false alternative. The reward for finding, say, a cancer cure is so huge that no one’s going to hang it up. Nevertheless, if Canada-level pricing came to the United States, the industry’s profit margins would drop and the pace of new-drug development would slow. Here lies the American dilemma. Who is all this splendid medicine for? Should our health-care system continue its drive toward the best of the best, even though rising numbers of patients can’t afford it? Or should we direct our wealth toward letting everyone in on today’s level of care? Measured by saved lives, the latter is almost certainly the better course.To defend their profits, the drug companies have warned Canadian wholesalers and pharmacies (药房) not to sell to Americans by mail, and are cutting back supplies to those who dare.Meanwhile, the administration is playing the fear card. Officials from the Food and Drug Administration will argue that Canadian drugs might be fake, mishandled, or even a potential threat to life.Do bad drugs fly around the Internet? Sure-and the more we look, the more we’ll find, But I haven’t heard of any raging epidemics among the hundreds of thousands of people buying crossborder.Most users of prescription drugs don’t worry about costs a lot. They’re sheltered by employee insurance, owing just a $20 co-pay. The financial blows rain, instead, on the uninsured, especially the chronically ill who need expensive drugs to live, This group will still include middle-income seniors on Medicare, who’ll have to dig deeply into their pockets before getting much from the new drug benefit that starts in 2006.26. What is said about the consequence of the rocketing drug prices in the U.S.?A) A quarter of Americans can’t afford their prescription drugs.B) Many Americans can’t afford to see a doctor when they fall ill.C) Many Americans have to go to Canada to get medical treatment.D) The inflation rate has been more than doubled over the years.27. It can be inferred that America can follow the Canadian model and curb its soaringdrug prices by ________.A) encouraging people to buy prescription drugs onlineB) extending medical insurance to all its citizensC) importing low-price prescription drugs from CanadaD) exercising price control on brand-name drugs28. How do propagandists argue for the U.S. drug pricing policy?A) Low prices will affect the quality of medicines in America.B) High prices are essential to funding research on new drugs.C) Low prices will bring about the anger of drug manufacturers.D) High-price drugs are indispensable in curing chronic diseases.29. What should be the priority of America’s health-care system according to theauthor?A) To resolve the dilemma in the health-care system.B) To maintain America’s lead in the drug industry.C) To allow the vast majority to enjoy its benefits.D) To quicken the pace of new drug development.30. What are American drug companies doing to protect their high profits?A) Labeling drugs bought from Canada as being fakes.B) Threatening to cut back funding for new drug research.C) Reducing supplies to uncooperative Canadian pharmacies.D) Attributing the raging epidemics to the ineffectiveness of Canadian drugs.Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Age has its privileges in America. And one of the more prominent of them is the senior citizen discount. Anyone who has reached a certain age—in some cases as low as 55—is automatically entitled to a dazzling array of price reductions at nearly every level of commercial life. Eligibility is determined not by one’s need but by the date on one’s birth certificate. Practically unheard of a generation ago, the discounts have become a routine part of many businesses—as common as color televisions in motel rooms and free coffee on airliners.People with gray hair often are given the discounts without even asking for them；yet, millions of Americans above age 60 are healthy and solvent (有支付能力的). Businesses that would never dare offer discounts to college students or anyone under 30 freely offer them to older Americans. The practice is acceptable because of the widespread belief that “elderly”and “needy”are synonymous (同义的). Perhaps that once was true, but today elderly Americans as a group have a lower poverty rate than the rest of the population. To be sure, there is economic diversity within the elderly, and many older Americans are poor, But most of them aren’t.It is impossible to determine the impact of the discounts on individual companies. For many firms, they are a stimulus to revenue. But in other cases the discounts are given at the expense, directly or indirectly, of younger Americans. Moreover, they are a direct irritant in what some politicians and scholars see as a coming conflict between thegenerations.Generational tensions are being fueled by continuing debate over Social Security benefits, which mostly involves a transfer of resources from the young to the old. Employment is another sore point, Buoyed (支持) by laws and court decisions, more and more older Americans are declining the retirement dinner in favor of staying on the job-thereby lessening employment and promotion opportunities for younger workers.Far from a kind of charity they once were, senior citizen discounts have become a formidable economic privilege to a group with millions of members who don’t need them.It no longer makes sense to treat the elderly as a single group whose economic needs deserve priority over those of others. Senior citizen discounts only enhance the myth that older people can’t take care of themselves and need special treatment；and they threaten the creation of a new myth, that the elderly are ungrateful and taking for themselves at the expense of children and other age groups. Senior citizen discounts are the essence of the very thing older Americans are fighting against-discrimination by age.31. We learn from the first paragraph that ________.A) offering senior citizens discounts has become routine commercial practiceB) senior citizen discounts have enabled many old people to live a decent lifeC) giving senior citizens discounts has boosted the market for the elderlyD) senior citizens have to show their birth certificates to get a discount32. What assumption lies behind the practice of senior citizen discounts?A) Businesses, having made a lot of profits, should do something for society inreturn.B) Old people are entitled to special treatment for the contribution they made tosociety.C) The elderly, being financially underprivileged, need humane help from society.D) Senior citizen discounts can make up for the inadequacy of the Social Securitysystem.33. According to some politicians and scholars, senior citizen discounts will ________.A) make old people even more dependent on societyB) intensify conflicts between the young and the oldC) have adverse financial impact on business companiesD) bring a marked increase in the companies revenues34. How does the author view the Social Security system?A) It encourages elderly people to retire in time.B) It opens up broad career prospects for young people.C) It benefits the old at the expense of the young.D) It should be reinforced by laws and court decisions.35. Which of the following best summarizes the author’s main argument?A) Senior citizens should fight hard against age discrimination.B) The elderly are selfish and taking senior discounts for granted.C) Priority should be given to the economic needs of senior citizens.D) Senior citizen discounts may well be a type of age discrimination.Passage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.In 1854 my great-grandfather, Morris Marable, was sold on an auction block in Georgia for $500. For his white slave master, the sale was just “business as usual.” But to Morris Marable and his heirs, slavery was a crime against our humanity. This pattern of human rights violations against enslaved African-Americans continued under racial segregation for nearly another century.The fundamental problem of American democracy in the 21st century is the problem of “structural racism” the deep patterns of socio-economic inequality and accumulated disadvantage that are coded by race, and constantly justified in public speeches by both racist stereotypes and white indifference. Do Americans have the capacity and vision to remove these structural barriers that deny democratic rights and opportunities to millions of their fellow citizens?This country has previously witnessed two great struggles to achieve a truly multicultural democracy.The First Reconstruction (1865-1877) ended slavery and briefly gave black men voting rights, but gave no meaningful compensation for two centuries of unpaid labor. The promise of “40 acres and a mule (骡子)”was for most blacks a dream deferred (尚未实现的).The Second Reconstruction (1954-1968), or the modern civil rights movement, ended legal segregation in public accommodations and gave blacks voting rights. But these successes paradoxically obscure the tremendous human costs of historically accumulated disadvantage that remain central to black Americans’ lives.The disproportionate wealth that most whites enjoy today was first constructed from centuries of unpaid black labor. Many white institutions, including some leading universities, insurance companies and banks, profited from slavery. This pattern of white privilege and black inequality continues today.Demanding reparations (赔偿) is not just about compensation for slavery and segregation. It is, more important, an educational campaign to highlight the contemporary reality of “racial deficits” of all kinds, the unequal conditions that impact blacks regardless of class. Structural racism’s barriers include “equity inequity.” the absence of black capital formation that is a direct consequence of America’s history. Onethird of all black households actually have negative net wealth. In 1998 the typical black family’s net wealth was $16,400, less than one fifth that of white families. Black families are denied home loans at twice the rate of whites.Blacks remain the last hired and first fired during recessions. During the 1990-91 recession, African-Americans suffered disproportionately. At Coca-Cola, 42 percent of employees who lost their jobs were blacks. At Sears, 54 percent were black, Blacks have significantly shorter life spans, in part due to racism in the health establishment. Blacks are statistically less likely than whites to be referred for kidney transplants or early-stage cancer surgery.36. To the author, the auction of his great-grandfather is a typical example of ________.A) crime against humanityB) unfair business transactionC) racial conflicts in GeorgiaD) racial segregation in America37. The barrier to democracy in 21st century America is ________.A) widespread use of racist stereotypesB) prejudice against minority groupsC) deep-rooted socio-economic inequalityD) denial of legal rights to ordinary blacks38. What problem remains unsolved in the two Reconstructions?A) Differences between races are deliberately obscured.B) The blacks are not compensated for their unpaid labor.C) There is no guarantee for blacks to exercise their rights.D) The interests of blacks are not protected by law.39. It is clear that the wealth enjoyed by most whites ________.A) has resulted from business successes over the yearsB) has been accompanied by black capital formationC) has derived from sizable investments in educationD) has been accumulated from generations of slavery40. What does the author think of the current situation regarding racial discrimination?A) Racism is not a major obstacle to blacks’ employment.B) Inequality of many kinds remains virtually untouched.C) A major step has been taken towards reparations.D) Little has been done to ensure blacks’ civil rights.Part III Vocabulary (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that bestcompletes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the AnswerSheet with a single line through the centre.41. Because of the ________ of its ideas, the book was in wide circulation both at homeand abroad.A) originalityB) subjectivityC) generalityD) ambiguity42. With its own parliament and currency and a common ________ for peace, theEuropean Union declared itself—in 11 official languages—open for business.A) inspirationB) assimilationC) intuitionD) aspiration43. America has now adopted more ________ European-style inspection systems, andthe incidence of food poisoning is falling.A) discreteB) solemnC) rigorousD) autonomous44. Mainstream pro-market economists all agree that competition is an ________ spurto efficiency and innovation.A) extravagantB) exquisiteC) intermittentD) indispensable45. In the late 19th century, Jules Verne, the master of science fiction, foresaw many ofthe technological wonders that are ________ today.A) transientB) commonplaceC) implicitD) elementary46. I was so ________ when I used the automatic checkout lane in the supermarket forthe first time.A) immersedB) assaultedC) thrilledD) dedicated47. His arm was ________ from the shark’s mouth and reattached, but the boy, whonearly died, remained in a delicate condition.A) retrievedB) retainedC) repelledD) restored48. Bill Gates and Walt Disney are two people America has ________ to be the GreatestAmerican.A) appointedB) appeasedC) nicknamedD) dominated49. The ________ majority of citizens tend to believe that the death penalty will helpdecrease the crime rate.A) overflowingB) overwhelmingC) prevalentD) premium50. We will also see a ________ increase in the number of televisions per household, assmall TV displays are added to clocks, coffee makers and smoke detectors.A) startlingB) surpassingC) suppressingD) stacking51. The advance of globalization is challenging some of our most ________ values andideas, including our idea of what constitutes “home”.A) enrichedB) enlightenedC) cherishedD) chartered52. Researchers have discovered that ________ with animals in an active way maylower a person’s blood pressure.A) interactingB) integratingC) migratingD) merging53. The Beatles, the most famous British band of the 1960s, traveled worldwide formany years, ________ cultural barriers.A) transportingB) transplantingC) transferringD) transcending54. In his last years, Henry suffered from a disease that slowly ________ him of muchof his sight.A) relievedB) jeopardizedC) deprivedD) eliminated55. Weight lifting, or any other sport that builds up your muscles, can make bonesbecome denser and less ________ to injury.A) attachedB) proneC) immuneD) reconciled56. He has ________ to museums hundreds of his paintings as well as his entirepersonal collection of modern art.A) ascribedB) attributedC) designatedD) donated57. Erik’s website contains ________ photographs and hundreds of articles and shortvideos from his trip around the globe.A) prosperousB) gorgeousC) spaciousD) simultaneous58. Optimism is a ________ shown to be associated with good physical health, lessdepression and longer life.A) trailB) traitC) traceD) track59. The institution has a highly effective program which helps first-year students makea successful ________ into college life.A) transformationB) transmissionC) transitionD) transaction60. Philosophers believe that d esire, hatred and envy are “negative emotions” which________ the mind and lead it into a pursuit of power and possessions.A) distortB) reinforceC) exertD) scramble61. The term “glass ceiling” was first used by the Wall Street Journal to describe t heapparent barriers that prevent women from reaching the top of the corporate ________.A) seniorityB) superiorityC) heightD) hierarchy62. Various efforts have been made over the centuries to predict earthquakes, includingobserving lights in the sky and ________ animal behavior.A) abnormalB) exoticC) absurdD) erroneous63. Around 80 percent of the ________ characteristics of most white Britons have beenpassed down from a few thousand Ice Age hunters.A) intelligibleB) randomC) spontaneousD) genetic64. Picasso gained popularity in the mid-20th century, which was ________ of a newattitude towards modern art.A) informativeB) indicativeC) exclusiveD) expressive65. The country was an island that enjoyed civilized living for a thousand years or morewith little ________ from the outside world.A) disturbanceB) discriminationC) irritationD) irregularity66. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and________.A) stabilityB) capabilityC) durabilityD) availability67. Back in the days when people traveled by horse and carriage, Karl Benz ________the world with his extraordinary three-wheeled motor vehicle.A) inhibitedB) extinguishedC) quenchedD) stunned。

中共中央党校在职研究生2006级经济管理专业第四学期期末考试《市场营销管理》（开卷）试题全卷满分共100分（A卷）一、辨析题（判断对错并说明理由，5题，每题6分，共30分）1、市场就是卖物品的地方。

答：错。

市场就是买卖物品的地方。

2、市场营销观念的市场特征即使供不应求，存在条件是卖方市场，目标是扩大销售获得利润。

答：错。

市场营销观念是以满足顾客需求为出发点的，即“ 顾客需要什么，就生产什么”。

实现企业各项目标的关键，在于正确确定目标市场的需要和欲望，并且比竞争者更有效地传送目标市场所期望的物品或服务，进而比竞争者更有效地满足目标市场的需要和欲望。

3、市场营销战略是指企业在复杂的市场环境中，为实现特定的企业目标而设计的短期、变动的行动方案，并形成指导企业市场营销全局的奋斗目标和经营方针。

答：错。

市场营销战略是指企业在复杂的市场环境中，为实现特定的市场营销目标而设计的短期、变动的行动方案，并形成指导企业市场营销全局的奋斗目标和经营方针。

4、产品是市场营销组合中最重要的因素。

所谓产品是指能够提供给市场，用于满足人们某种欲望和需要的任何事物，包括实物、服务、场所、组织、思想、主意等。

答：对。

5、绿色营销策略包括绿色商品策略、绿色包装策略、绿色广告策略等。

答：错。

绿色营销策略包括绿色产品策略、绿色价格策略、绿色分销策略等二、简答题（4题，每题 10 分，共40分）1、简述市场营销和推销的区别。

答：市场营销包括市场调研、产品开发、定价、分销渠道、促销等一系列活动。

推销是以产品的生产和销售为中心，以激励销售，促进购买为重点的营销观念。

推销是市场营销活动的一个组成部分，不是最重要的部分。

2、简述市场领先者战略。

答：一、扩大市场需求总量策略，市场主导者可从三个方面扩大需求量：1、发掘新的购买者和使用者2、开辟产品的新用途3、增加使用者对产品的使用量。

二、保护市场占有率通常采用六种防御策略：1．地位防御。

在其领域周围构筑堡垒。

2024年06版小学六年级上册英语第6单元期末试卷考试时间：90分钟（总分:100）A卷考试人：_________题号一二三四五总分得分一、综合题(共计100题)1、听力题：The _____ is the area around a star where planets can form.2、听力题：A solution is a type of ______.3、Which animal is known as a "king of the jungle"?A. TigerB. LionC. ElephantD. Bear答案:B4、听力题：The chemical symbol for gallium is ______.5、What is the name of the famous ancient city in Greece?A. AthensB. SpartaC. CorinthD. Delphi6、填空题：My _______ (狗) barks at everyone who passes by.7、What is the capital of Canada?A. VancouverB. OttawaC. TorontoD. Calgary答案: B8、What do we call a baby frog?A. TadpoleB. PoliwagC. FryD. Spawn答案:A9、填空题：I love to go ______ with my family on weekends.10、What is the name of the sport played with a round ball and two nets?A. BasketballB. SoccerC. VolleyballD. Tennis答案: B11、听力题：The ____ has big, floppy ears and enjoys nibbling on carrots.12、听力题：The __________ of an object remains constant regardless of its location.13、What is the name of the fairy tale character who lost her glass slipper?A. Snow WhiteB. CinderellaC. ArielD. Belle答案: B14、What is the main ingredient in pudding?A. WaterB. MilkC. SugarD. Gelatin答案:B15、填空题：My friends come over to . (我的朋友来。