2014年6月英语四级真题第二套

201406-2 四级听力材料Short Conversations1. M: Did you buy any of the sweaters that we are on sale?　W: Buy any? I got five of them. They were such a good bargain.　Q: What does the woman say about the sweaters?2. W: I have trouble concentrating when my roommate talks so loud on hermobile phone.　M: Why don’t you just ask her to lower her voice?　Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?3. W: Wendy’ s in the basement, trying to fix the washing machine.　M: Shouldn’t she be working on her annual report?　Q: What does the man mean?4. W: What happened to the painting that used to be on the wall?　M: It fell down and the glass broke. I’m having it reframed.　Q: What do we learn from the conversation?5. M: You must have left the camera in the market. It’s a very expensivecamera you know.　W: But I tell you that I didn’t take it. I remember clearly that you put it on the dressing table.　Q: What does the woman say about the camera?6. W: There is a good comedy on at the theatre Royal next Saturday. If you like,I can book four seats for us.　M: All right. I’ ll ask Janet if she is free then. I’ ll let you know tomorrow.　Q: What does the woman suggest they do next Saturday?7. W: We’ve opened the first box. Look! Some of these books are soaked.　M: They should’ ve used waterproof wrappings. What are we going to do about it? It’s too late to order replacements.　Q: What do we learn about the conversation?8. W: Professor Johnson said you can pick up your term paper at her office.　M: So she has graded it?　Q: What can we infer from the conversation?Long Conversation 1W: Can I help you?M: Well. I’ m not sure. I hope so. (9) You see, actually, I’m getting married soon. And my friends want to buy me presents and things.W: And would you like some things for the kitchen.M: Yes, that’s right. I thought if I could find out things about kitchen things.They would be the best sorts of presents.W: Well. I suppose the first thing you need is a cooker. Do you like an electron one or a gas one?M: Hm. I think I probably prefer a gas one. But cookers are very expensive.Aren’t they? How much is this one?W: It’s 175 pounds, including tax and delivery. It’s a very good one though. M: But It’s a lot of money, isn’t it? What sorts of things could I ask people to buy? You know, cheaper.W: Well. You need some pans, won’t you? A set of pans, I suppose, and drying pans. Do you like cooking?M: Yes. I suppose so.W: Well. (10) In that case, you might like a mixer. If you make cakes and things like that, it’ll save you a lot of time. And a blender too. That’s good if you make soup and things.M: Hm. That’s a thought.W: Something else you might use is a set of these knifes, you know, carving knifes, bread knifes, steak knifes, fruit knifes, potato peeling knifes.M: (11) Heavens! I never knew so many sorts.W: Oh, Yeah. Come over here and I’ll show you some more.Q9 Why is the man is in the kitchen ware shop?Q10 Why does the woman want to know whether the man likes cooking?Q11 What does the man say he has never realized?Long Conversation 2M: Good morning, Mrs. Thomson.W: Oh, Mr. Minesuka. Please come in and sit down. I want to talk to you about something that has come up.M: What's up? Anyway, I'll be glad to help you with anything I can.W: Some advice, Mr. Minesuka. (12) I've been offered a new job.M: A new job?W: As a matter of fact, it isn't the bank in New York.M: It's the offer from another bank?W: It's from the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development in Washington.M: (13) You mean the World Bank?W: (13) That's right. And it's really very unexpected, I might say.M: You've established reputation in international banking circles. May I ask what kind of position they've offered you?W: A rather important one, as a matter of fact, deputy director of the International Finance Corporation.M: (14) Isn't that the part of the Bank that makes loans to private companies in the developing countries?W: (14) Yes, it is. It's a job that certainly offers a chance for public service.M: It seems to me that it's a real honor for you.W: Yes, it is. But I've been with this bank for so many years, ever since I graduated from college, in fact.M: (15) But it's an honor for the bank too, for the training and experience it's given you.W: Yes, I suppose I can think of it that way.M: Then you've decided to accept the offer?W: Probably, yes, almost certainly. I'd like to think I can do some work that will contribute to international corporation and understanding.Q12 What does the woman want to discuss with the man?Q13 Who offered the woman the new job?Q14 What will be the woman's main responsibility as a deputy director?Q15 What does the man think of the job offer?Passage 1Good transportation is very important in winter. (16) If you have a car, make sure it is ready for the cold weather. Keep the gas tank as nearly full as you can. This will keep water out of the tank and will be a reserve in case you get into trouble. (17) If a storm traps you in your car, there are some steps you should take for your own safety. Do not tend to walk to find help. You may quickly lose your way in blowing and drifting snow. Your chances of being found are better if you stay in your car. Keep a downwind window open slightly for fresh air. Freezing rain can seal off your car and lock you inside. Run the engine and heater once in a while. Keep the same downwind window open while the engine is running. Make sure that snow has not blocked the exhaust pipe. Clap your hands and move your arms and legs from time to time. Do not stay in one position too long. But, do not move too much. (18) Exercise warms you up, but it also causes you to lose body heat. If more than one person is in the car, do not sleep at the same time. One person should always be awake. If you are alone,stay awake as long as you can. Turn on the inside light at night. This would make your car more visible to rescue crews. Don’t panic. Stay with your car.Q16 What does the speaker say you should do in winter with your car?Q17 What should you avoid doing if a storm traps you in the car?Q18 Why is too much exercise undesirable when you are trapped in a car by a winter storm?Passage 2The topic of my talk today is gift-giving. Everybody likes to receive gifts, right? So you may think that gift-giving is a universal custom, but actually the rules of gift-giving vary quite a lot. And not knowing them can result in great embarrassment. In North America the rules are fairly simple. If you are invited to someone's home for dinner, bring wine or flowers, or a small item from your country. (19) Among friends, family and business associates, we generally don't give gifts on other occasions except on someone's birthday and Christmas. The Japanese, on other hand, give gifts quite frequently, often to thank someone for their kindness. The tradition of gift-giving in Japan is very ancient. (20) There are many detailed rules for everything, from the color of the wrapping paper to the time of the gift presentation. And while Europeans don't generally exchange business gifts, they do follow some formal customs when visiting homes, such as bringing flowers. The type and color of flowers, however, can carry special meaning. Today, we have seen some broad differences in gift-giving. I could go on with additional examples, but let's not miss the main point here. (21) If we are not aware of and sensitive to cultural differences, the possibilities for miscommunication and conflict are enormous. Whether we learn about these differences by reading a book or by living abroad, our goal must be to respect differences among people in order to get along successfully with our global neighbors.Q19 What does the speaker say about gift-giving of North Americans?Q20 What do we learn about the Japanese concerning gift-giving?Q21 What point does the speaker make at the end of the talk?Passage 3Claudette Rigo is a reporter for a French newspaper. Her assignment for the last five years has been Washington and American politics. She reports the current political news for her paper.In addition, she writes the column that is published every week. (22) The column explains American politics to her readers in France. They often find it very difficult to understand the United States and Americans. Claudette lives in a small house in a fashionable section of Washington. She entertains a great deal. Her guests are usually government officials, diplomats, lawyers and other newspaper people. When she isn't entertaining, she goes out to dinners and parties. In spite of her busy social life, Claudette works very hard. The parties are really work for her, because reporters frequently get news stories just by talking and listening to people. Claudette also has a small office in the building downtown. She goes there every morning to write up her stories and send them to Paris. (23) Her column is published every Monday, so she usually spends a large part of the weekend working on it at home. (24) Claudette spends a month in France every year, so that she won't forget how to speak French. In spite of all of her experience in Washington, Claudette may be transferred. This is an election year in the United States when the people elect a new president. (25) When the election is over, Claudette thinks that her newspaper in Pairs may change her assignment.Q22 What do we learn about the column Claudette writes?Q23 What does Claudette usually do on weekends?Q24 Why does Claudette spend a month in France every year?Q25 What might happen to Claudette after this year's American presidential election?Compound Dictation26. innocent 27. committed 28. charges29. released 30. rather than 31. appoint32. evidence 33. hold a trial 34. designed 35. foundation。

PartⅡ Listening ComprehensionSection A1.M:Did you any of the sweaters that were on sale?W:Buy any? I got five of them. They were such a good bargain.Q:What does the women say about the sweaters?2.W:I have trouble concentrating when my roommate talks so loud on her mobile phone.M:Why don’t you just ask her to lower her voice?Q:What does the man suggest the woman do?3.W:Wendy is in the basement, trying to fix the washing machine.M:Shouldn’t she be working on her annual report?Q:What does the man mean?4.W:What happened to the painting that used to be on the wall?M:It fell down and the glass broke. I’m having it reframed.Q:What do we learn from the conversation?5.M:You must have left the camera in the market. It’s a very expensive camera you know.W:But I tell you that I didn’t take it. I remember clearly that you put it on the dressing table.Q:What does the women say about the camera?6.W:There is a good comedy on at the Theatre Royal next Saturday. If you like, I can book four seats for us.M:All right. I’ll ask Janet if she is free then. I’ll let you know tomorrow. Q:What does the women suggest they do next Saturday?7.W:We’ve opened the first box. Look! Some of these books are soaked.M:They should’ve used waterproof wrappings. What are we going to do about it? It’s too late to order replacements.Q:What do we learn from the conversation?8.W:Professor Johnson said you can pick up your term paper at her office. M:So she has graded it?Q:What can we infer from the conversation?Conversation oneW:Can I help you?M:Well, I’m not sure. I hope so.(9) You, see, actually, I’m getting married soon. And my friends want to buy me presents and things.W:And you would like some things for the kitchen?M:Yes, that’s right.(9) I thought if I could find out about kitchen things, they would be the best sort of presents.W:Well, I suppose the first thing you need is a cooker. Do you want an electric one or gas one?M:Em, I think I’d probably prefer a gas one. But cooker are very expensive, aren’t they? How much is this one?W:It’s one hundred and seventy-five pounds, including tax and delivery. It’s a very good one though.M:But It’s a lot of money, isn’t it? What sorts of things could I ask people to buy, you know, cheaper?W:Well you’ll need some pans, won’t you? A set of saucepans, I suppose, and frying pans.(10) Do you like cooking?M:Yes, I suppose so.W:Well, in the case, you might like a mixer. If you make cakes and things like that, it’ll save you a lot of time. And a blender, too, that’s good if you make soups and things.M:Em. That’s a thought.W:(11)Something else you might use is a set of these knives, you know, carving knifes, bread knifes, steak knives, fruit knives, potato peeling knives. M:Heavens, I never know there was so many sorts.W:Oh, yes. Come over here and I’ll show you some more.9.Why is the man in the kitchenware shop?10.Why does the woman want know whether the man likes cooking?11.What does the man say he has never realized?Conversation TwoM:Good morning, Mrs. Thomson.W:Oh,Mr.Minisuker.Please come in ,and sit down. I want to talk to you about something that’s come up.M:What’s up? Anyway, I’ll be glad to help you with anything I can.W:(12)Some advice, Mr. Mimicker. I’ve been offered a new job.M:A new job?W:As a matter of fact. it isn’t the bank in New York.M:Is the offer from another bank?W:(13)I’s from the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development in Washington.M:You mean the World Bank?W:That’s right. And it’s really unexpected. I must say.M:You’ve established a reputation in international banking circles. May I ask what kind of position they’ve offered you?W:A rather important one, as a matter of fact, Deputy Director of the International Finance Corporation.M:(14)Isn’t that the part of the bank that makes loans to private companies in the developing countries?W:Yes,it is. It’s a job than certainly offers a chance for public service.M:(15)It seems to me that it’s a really honor for you.W:Yes,it is. But I’ve been with this bank for so many years, ever since I graduated from college in fact.M:(15)But it’s an honor for the bank, too ,for the training and experience it’s given you.W:Yes, I suppose I can think of it that way.M:Then you’ve decided to accept the offer?W:Probably. Yes, almost certainly. I’d like to think I can do some work that will contribute to international cooperation and understanding.12.What dose the woman want to discuss with the men?13.Who offered the woman the new job?14.What will be the woman’s main responsibility as a deputy director?15.What dose the man think of the job offer?Section BPassage OneGood transportation is very important in winter. If you have a car, make sure it is ready for the cold weather.(16) Keep the gas tank as nearly full as you can. This will keep water out of the tank and will be a reserve in case you get into trouble. If a storm traps you in your car, there are some steps you should take for your own safety.(17) Do not attempt to walk to find help. You may quickly lose your way in blowing and drifting snow. Your chances of being found are better if you stay in you car. Keep a downwind window open slightly for fresh air. Freezing rain can seal off you car and lock you inside. Run the engine and heater once in a while. Keep the same downwind window open while the engine is running. Make sure that snow has not blocked the exhaust pipe. Clap your hands and move your arms and legs from time to time. Do not stay in one position too long. But, do not move too much.(18) Exercise warms you up, but it also causes you to lose body heat. If more than one person is in the car, do not sleep at the same time. One person should always be awake. If you are alone, stay awake as long as you can. Turn on the inside light at night. This will make your car more visible to rescue crews. Don’t panic. Stay with you car.16.What dose the speaker say you should do in winter with your car?17.What should you avoid doing if a storm traps you in the car?18.Why is too much exercise undesirable when you are trapped in a car by a winter storm?Passage TwoThe topic of my talk today is gift-giving. Everybody likes receive gift, right? So you may think that gift-giving is a universal custom. But actually the rules of gift-giving vary quite a lot. And not knowing them can result in great embarrassment. In North America the rules are fairly simple. If you are invited to someone’s home for dinner, bring wine or flowers or a smell item from your country.(19) Among friends, family and business associates, we generally don’t give gifts on other occasions except on someone’s birthday and Christmas. The Japanese, on the other hand, give gifts quite frequently, often to thank someone for their kindness. The tradition of gift-giving in Japan is very ancient. (20)There are many detailed rules for everything from the color of the wrapping paper to the time of the gift presentation. And while Europeans don’t generally exchanges business gift, they do follow some formal customs when visiting homes, such as bringing flowers. The type and color of flowers, however, can carry special meaning. Today we have seen some broad differences in gift-giving. I could go on with additional examples. But let’s not miss the main point here.(21) If we are not aware of and sensitive to cultural differences, the possibilities for miscommunication and conflict are enormous. Whether we learn about these differences by reading a book or by living abroad, our goal must be to respect differences among people in order to get along successfully with our global neighbors.19.What dose the speaker say about gift-giving of North Americans?20.What do we learn about the Japanese concerning gift-giving?21.What point dose the speaker make at the end of the talk?Passage ThreeClaudit Reigo is a reporter for a French newspaper. Her assignment forthe last five years has been Washington and American politics. She reports the current political news for her paper. In addition, she writes a column thatis published every week.(22) The column explains American politics to herreaders in France. They often find it very difficult to understand the United States and American. Claudit lives in a small house in a fashionable section of Washington. She entertains a great deal. Her guests are usually government officials, lawyers and other newspaper people. When she isn’t entertaining, she goes out to dinners and parties. In spite of her busy social life, Claudit works very hard. The parties are really work for her, because reporters frequently get news stories just by talking and listening to people. Claudit also has a small office in a building downtown. She goes there every morning to write up her stories and send them to Paris.(23) Her column is published every Monday, so she usually spends a large part of the weekend working on it at home.(24) Claudit spends a month in France every year, so that she won’t forgot how to speak France. In spite of all her experience in Washington, Claudit may be transferred. This is an election year in the United States, when the people elect a new president.(25) When the election is over, Claudit thinks that her newspaper in Paris may change her assignment.22.What do we learn about the column Claudit writes?23.What does Claudit usually do on weekends?24.Why does Claudit spend a month in France every year?25.What might happen to Claudit after this year’s American presidentialelection?Section C26.innocent 31. .appointmitted 32.evidence28.charges 33.hold a trial29.released 34.designed30.rather than 35.foundation。

2014年6月大学英语4级第二套答案详解四级听力Section A:1.B Use a ladder to help her reach the tea.2. D Outside an gallery art.3.D New students usually cannot offer a fair evaluation.4.C Doris fixed up some of the bookshelves.5.D He has found a better position.6.A They should finish the book as soon as possible.7.D The furniture the man bought is inexpensive.8.B The woman is waiting for the call.9. A She had a job interview to attend10. C Submit her roommate's assignment11. A Where Dr. Ellis's office is located12. C He can handle it quite well13. B The 6:30 one14. C The time on the train is enjoyable15. A Reading newspapers.16. D Get key information by reading just once or twice17. A Choose one's own system of marking18. B By reviewing only the marked parts.19. D Everybody needs some sleep for survival.20. C It is a rare exception21. B His mother's injury just before his birth.22. C She developed a strong interest in finance23. D She inherited a big fortune from her father24. A She was extremely mean with her money25. B She built a hospital with her mother's moneySection C: 复合式听写：26. identical27. approach28. back and forth29. opposite30. indicates31. referring to32. parallel to33. reserved34. at the right angle35. embarrassing第二篇石油36.C declining37.E difficult38.D derived39.L refine40.J growth41.M reserves42.I feasible43.G economically44.k option45.O steps46. C47. N48. J49. H50. A51. K52. N53. H54. A55. M56 C they feel obliged to take care of their kids at home57 B it does not consider its economic impact on graduates58 A it is different for male and female students59 D they don’t perform as well as they did in high school60 A women are too worn out to be ambitious61 B few of them are equal to their positions.62 A they believe they have natural gift to lead63 D being able to assess the situation carefully before taking charge64 B they become impatient and rude65 C build up a strong team to achieve their goals.中国进一步发展核能，因为核电目前只占其总发电量的2%。

2014年6月大学英语四级真题试卷（二）(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Writing 2. Listening Comprehension 3. 4. Reading Comprehension 5. TranslationPart I Writing1．For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following question. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your campus, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why?正确答案：Culture Square I am excited to hear that you are coming to visit my campus and cannot wait to express my welcome. Hereby I’d like to recommend to you the culture square on the campus, which is of great interest and enjoyment to give it a try. The culture square is the heaven for students where you can see colorful activities organized to add extra pleasure to students’monotonous routine. Besides, you are always free to engage yourself in any of these activities that fascinate you. I am quite confident that you’ll find it beneficial to communicate and interact with other students. Moreover, as a major part of the campus culture, the culture square offers whoever wants to get an insight into the campus an opportunity to know better the campus culture. In a word, the culture square, a world full of vigor and vitality, a window through which you can get a big picture of the campus, is definitely a place worth visiting. I’m sure you’ll have fun. Look forward to seeing you soon in the culture square.Part II Listening ComprehensionSection A听力原文：M: Did you buy any of the sweaters that were on sale?W: Buy any? I got five of them. They were such a good bargain. Q: What does the woman say about the sweaters?2．A．They came in five different colors.B．They were good value for money.C．They were a very good design.D．They were sold out very quickly.正确答案：B解析：男士询问女士是否购买了廉价出售的毛线衣，女士说买了五件，很划算。

2014年6月四级真题（第2套）Part I Writingartistically a. 富有艺术性地beloved a.心爱的breeze n.微风calligraphy n. 书法（艺术）classic a. 传统式样的destination n. 目的地dot vt.点缀，分布flourish vi. 茂盛in full blossom 盛开in short 简而言之scenic spot 景点situated a. 位于……的statue n.雕像virtual a.实质上的wind v. 绕，缠Part II Listening Comprehensiona good bargain 自己占便宜、划算的交易abroad ad. 到国外，在国外accuse vt. 指控additional a. 额外的ancient a. 古老的annual a. 年度的annually ad. 每年；每年一次appoint vt. 指派，派遣arrest vt. 逮捕，拘留as a matter of fact 事实上assign vt. 指派，选派assignment n. （分派的）任务associate n. 伙伴，合伙人attorney n. 律师avoid vt. 避免aware a. 意识到的，知道的bargain n. 廉价的商品basement n. 地下室be designed to do sth. 被设计成做某事be kept in jail 入狱beyond repair 无法修理blender n. 搅拌机book tickets 订票carve vt. 雕刻charge n. 指控，控罪checkup a. 检查clap vt. 拍，击column n. 专栏come up出现comedy n. 喜剧commit a crime 犯罪complex a. 复杂的concentrate vi. 全神贯注concerning prep. 关于conflict n. 冲突consume vt. 消耗contribute vi.（to）有助于cookware n.炊具；烹饪用具cooperation n.合作court n. 法庭，法院crew n. 全体人员criminal a. 犯罪的，刑事的cultural a. 文化的current a. 现在的decorate vt. 装饰delivery n. 投递，送交deputy n. 副职detailed a. 详细的；复杂的device n. 装置，设备diplomat n. 外交官district attorney 美国地方检察官dorm n.（集体）宿舍downwind ad. 顺风dressing table 化妆台drift vi. 漂elect vt. 选举election n. 选举electric cooker 电子炉具embarrassment n. 困窘employer n. 雇主engine n. 发动机，引擎enormous a. 巨大的，极大的entertain vt. 招待，款待vi. 招待，请客establish vt. 确立every now and then 常常；不时地evidence n. 证据exchange n. 交换，互换exhaust pipe排气管exhaust vt. 使筋疲力尽；耗尽expectation n. 期待，预期extensively ad. 广泛地fashionable a. 符合时尚的，时髦的finance n. 财政，金融financial a. 金融的formal a. 正式的，合乎礼仪的formally ad. 正式地foundation n. 基础，根基frying pan 煎锅gas tank 油箱generally ad. 一般地，通常generous a. 慷慨的get along with sb. 与某人和睦相处get-together n. 聚会global a. 全球的，全世界的graduate v. 毕业guilty a. 有罪的Heavens! 天啊！hold a trial 开庭审理，进行审讯honor n. 荣幸individual a. 个人的n. 个人，个体innocent a.清白的，无罪的inquiry n.询问intention n. 意图，目的investment n. 投资item n. 一件商品（或物品）jail n. 监狱justice n. 司法kindness n. 好意；仁慈（或好心）的行为kitchenware n.厨房用具loan n. 贷款，借，贷lower vt. 降低management n. 管理部门married a. 已婚的miscommunication n. 缺乏交流；交流中产生误解mixer n. 搅拌器occasion n. 场合on sale减价出售on the other hand 另一方面otherwise conj.否则oxygen n. 氧气panic v.（使）恐慌pay attention to 关心；注意peel vt. 削……的皮physically ad. 身体上pick up sb.（开车）接人pick up sth. 取回某物police station 警察局politics n. 政治；政纲possibility n. 可能（性）presentation n. 赠送presidential election 总统选举previous a. 以前的priority n. 优先（权）；优先考虑的事private a. 私营的profession n. 职业promotion n.晋升public relations 公共关系publish vt. 出版rather than（会/要）……，而不……reasonably ad. 相当地recall vt. 召回recommendation n.推荐reconstruction n. 重建reflect v. 反映refresh v.（使）恢复；使想起，使记起relationship n. 关系release vt./n. 释放replacement n. 替换物reporter n. 记者reputation n. 名气，名声rescue vt. 营救，救援reserve n. 储备（物）responsibility n. 职责result in 导致saucepan n. 锅（通常指有盖及柄的）seal off sth./ seal sth. off 封锁；封闭section n. 市镇的范围；市区sell out 卖完sensitive a. 敏感的slightly ad. 稍微地soak v. 浸泡specific a. 具体的steak n. 牛排successfully ad. 顺利地；成功地supervise v. 监督，管理suspect n. 嫌疑犯，可疑分子sweater n. 毛衣take charge of 掌管tank n. 油（或水）箱term paper 学期论文Theatre Royal 皇家剧院thorough a. 彻底的token n. 标志tradition n. 传统transaction n. 交易transfer vt. 搬；调动transportation n. 运输，运输工具trap vt. 使陷于困境undesirable a. 可能招致麻烦或不便的unexpected a. 想不到的，意外的universal a. 普遍的；全世界的vary vi. 有不同，呈差异visible a. 看得见的，可见的water tank 水箱waterproof a. 防水的witness n. 目击者，见证人wrapping n. 包装纸，包装材料wrapping paper 包装纸Part III Reading Comprehension access n.接近（或进入、享用）的机会acknowledge vt.承认activate vt. 激活，使活动起来ancient a. 古老的architecture n. 建筑学；建筑式样associate vt.（在思想上）把……联系在一起association n. 联系；联想at every turn 每一次audience n. 听众，观众avenue n. 途径balance vt. 使平衡basis n. 根据biological necessity 生理需要biologist n. 生物学家bonding n. 人与人之间的关系（或联结）boost vt. 提高case study 案例研究celebration n. 颂扬ceremony n. 仪式choke up （因激动等）说不出话来circuit n. 回路；线路；环行civilization n. 文明classic a. 古典的communicative a. 交流的conservation n. 避免浪费consumer n. 消费者core n. 核心critical a. 关键性的critical care 急诊护理culture n. 文化curb vt.控制decade n. 十年depression n. 抑郁deservingly ad.当之无愧地despite prep. 不管，尽管disastrous a. 灾难性的discrimination n. 歧视distinctive a. 有特色的distracted a. 分心的distress n. 痛苦，悲伤drama n. 戏剧（艺术）economic a. 经济的economically ad. 经济上efficiency n. 效率ego n. 自尊emotion n. 情感，感情emotional a. 令人动情的；感情（上）的entitle vt. 给……权利environmentally ad. 有关环境方面equation n. 平衡；等式essential a. 非常重要的estimate vt./n. 估计ethic n. 道德准则evil n. 邪恶evolution n. 进化evolve v.（使）进化，（使）发展expose vt.（to）使处于……作用（或影响）之下extensive a.广泛的feasible a. 可行的formulate vt. 规划（制度等）frequency n. 次数，频率funeral n. 葬礼genuine a. 真的gesture n. 姿势，手势give birth to 生grief n. 悲伤growth n. 增长humanity n. 人类，[总称]人hydrogen n. 氢identity n. 身份imitate vt. 模仿implication n. 含意improvement n. 改进inaction n. 不作为incline v.（使）倾向于induce vt. 引起inequality n.不平等infant n. 婴儿instant a. 即时的，立即的intense a. 强烈的，剧烈的intensely ad. 剧烈地intensifying a. 不断增强的interaction n. 交互作用interpersonal a. 人际的justify vt.证明……正当laughter n. 笑launch a business 创业make ends meet 收支相抵male a. 男的，雄的manipulation n.操纵moist a. 湿润的mourner n. 哀悼者multitasking n. 同时做多个任务notion n. 观念；想法observation n. 观察；[常pl.]观察资料observe vt. 观察opportunity n. 机会optimistic a.乐观的option n. 选择origin n. 起源personality n. 个性，性格perspective n. 视角phase n. 阶段phenomenon n.现象postpone vt.推迟primary a. 首要的；最初的priority n. 优先考虑的事privacy n. 隐私procedure n.手术promote vt. 促进recognition n. 识别refine vt. 精炼，精制relieve vt. 缓解religious a. 宗教的reserve n. 储备resource n. [常pl.]资源response n. 反应retreat vi.退缩rigid a. 严格的sculpture n. 雕塑self-consciousness 自我意识set off 引发shed vt. 流出，流下sin n. 罪，罪孽soar vi. 猛增solar a. 太阳的；（利用）太阳能的solution n. 解决方法sorrow n. 悲伤sound development 健全发展source n. 来源spouse n. 配偶stem from 来源于……suicidal a. 自杀的survey n. 调查survive vi. 活下来sympathetic a. 同情的sympathy n. 同情，同情心take steps 采取措施technological a. 技术的tempting a. 有诱惑力的tension n. 紧张tissue n. 薄纸，手巾纸tragedy n. 悲剧（艺术）ultimately ad. 最后地unconsciously ad. 不知不觉unintended a. 意料之外的unique a. 独特的universal a. 普遍的unlikely a. 不太可能的vehicle n. 交通工具，车辆violence n. 暴力weep v. 哭泣Part IV Translation教育工作者：educator认识到：realize; learn重要意义：importance; significance建议：suggest; propose设立：set up全民读书日：national reading day; national book day强调：emphasize; highlight经典著作：classics; classical works感恩：(n.) gratitude; appreciation // (a.) grateful; thankful 培养：cultivate; foster基本素质：basic quality; essential quality关键时期：critical period; crucial time培养……的兴趣：cultivate/develop an interest of...养成……习惯：develop/acquire/form a habit of...。

201406-2 四级听力材料Short Conversations1. M: Did you buy any of the sweaters that we are on sale?W: Buy any? I got five of them. They were such a good bargain.Q: What does the woman say about the sweaters?2. W: I have trouble concentrating when my roommate talks so loud on hermobile phone.M: Why don’t you just ask her to lower her voice?Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?3. W: Wendy’ s in the basement, trying to fix the washing machine.M: Shouldn’t she be working on her annual report?Q: What does the man mean?4. W: What happened to the painting that used to be on the wall?M: It fell down and the glass broke. I’m having it reframed.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?5. M: You must have left the camera in the market. It’s a very expensive camerayou know.W: But I tell you that I didn’t take it. I remember clearly that you put it on the dressing table.Q: What does the woman say about the camera?6. W: There is a good comedy on at the theatre Royal next Saturday. If you like,I can book four seats for us.M: All right. I’ ll ask Janet if she is free then. I’ ll let you know tomorrow.Q: What does the woman suggest they do next Saturday?7. W: We’ve opened the first box. Look! Some of these books are soaked.M: They should’ ve used waterproof wrappings. What are we going to do about it? It’s too late to order replacements.Q: What do we learn about the conversation?8. W: Professor Johnson said you can pick up your term paper at her office.M: So she has graded it?Q: What can we infer from the conversation?Long Conversation 1W: Can I help you?M:Well. I’ m not sure. I hope so. (9) You see, actually, I’m getting married soon. And my friends want to buy me presents and things.W: And would you like some things for the kitchen.M:Yes, that’s right. I thought if I could find out things about kitchen things.They would be the best sorts of presents.W: Well. I suppose the first thing you need is a cooker. Do you like an electron one or a gas one?M: Hm. I think I probably prefer a gas one. But cookers are very expensive.Aren’t they? How much is this one?W:It’s 175 pounds, including tax and delivery. It’s a very good one though. M: But It’s a lot of money, i sn’t it? What sorts of things could I ask people to buy? You know, cheaper.W: Well. You need some pans, w on’t you? A set of pans, I suppose, and drying pans. Do you like cooking?M: Yes. I suppose so.W: Well. (10) In that case, you might like a mixer. If you make cakes and things like that, i t’ll save you a lot of time. And a blender too. That’s good if you make soup and things.M: H m. That’s a thought.W: Something else you might use is a set of these knifes, you know, carving knifes, bread knifes, steak knifes, fruit knifes, potato peeling knifes.M: (11) Heavens! I never knew so many sorts.W:Oh, Yeah. Come over here and I’ll show you some more.Q9 Why is the man is in the kitchen ware shop?Q10 Why does the woman want to know whether the man likes cooking?Q11 What does the man say he has never realized?Long Conversation 2M: Good morning, Mrs. Thomson.W: Oh, Mr. Minesuka. Please come in and sit down. I want to talk to you about something that has come up.M: What's up? Anyway, I'll be glad to help you with anything I can.W: Some advice, Mr. Minesuka. (12) I've been offered a new job.M: A new job?W: As a matter of fact, it isn't the bank in New York.M: It's the offer from another bank?W: It's from the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development in Washington.M: (13) You mean the World Bank?W: (13) That's right. And it's really very unexpected, I might say.M: You've established reputation in international banking circles. May I ask what kind of position they've offered you?W: A rather important one, as a matter of fact, deputy director of the International Finance Corporation.M: (14) Isn't that the part of the Bank that makes loans to private companies in the developing countries?W: (14) Yes, it is. It's a job that certainly offers a chance for public service.M: It seems to me that it's a real honor for you.W: Yes, it is. But I've been with this bank for so many years, ever since I graduated from college, in fact.M: (15) But it's an honor for the bank too, for the training and experience it's given you.W: Yes, I suppose I can think of it that way.M: Then you've decided to accept the offer?W: Probably, yes, almost certainly. I'd like to think I can do some work that will contribute to international corporation and understanding.Q12 What does the woman want to discuss with the man?Q13 Who offered the woman the new job?Q14 What will be the woman's main responsibility as a deputy director?Q15 What does the man think of the job offer?Passage 1Good transportation is very important in winter. (16) If you have a car, make sure it is ready for the cold weather. Keep the gas tank as nearly full as you can. This will keep water out of the tank and will be a reserve in case you get into trouble. (17) If a storm traps you in your car, there are some steps you should take for your own safety. Do not tend to walk to find help. You may quickly lose your way in blowing and drifting snow. Your chances of being found are better if you stay in your car. Keep a downwind window open slightly for fresh air. Freezing rain can seal off your car and lock you inside. Run the engine and heater once in a while. Keep the same downwind window open while the engine is running. Make sure that snow has not blocked the exhaust pipe. Clap your hands and move your arms and legs from time to time. Do not stay in one position too long. But, do not move too much. (18) Exercise warms you up, but it also causes you to lose body heat. If more than one person is in the car, do not sleep at the same time. One person should always be awake. If you are alone,stay awake as long as you can. Turn on the inside light at night. This would make your car more visible to rescue crews. Don’t panic. Stay with your car.Q16 What does the speaker say you should do in winter with your car?Q17 What should you avoid doing if a storm traps you in the car?Q18 Why is too much exercise undesirable when you are trapped in a car by a winter storm?Passage 2The topic of my talk today is gift-giving. Everybody likes to receive gifts, right? So you may think that gift-giving is a universal custom, but actually the rules of gift-giving vary quite a lot. And not knowing them can result in great embarrassment. In North America the rules are fairly simple. If you are invited to someone's home for dinner, bring wine or flowers, or a small item from your country. (19) Among friends, family and business associates, we generally don't give gifts on other occasions except on someone's birthday and Christmas. The Japanese, on other hand, give gifts quite frequently, often to thank someone for their kindness. The tradition of gift-giving in Japan is very ancient. (20) There are many detailed rules for everything, from the color of the wrapping paper to the time of the gift presentation. And while Europeans don't generally exchange business gifts, they do follow some formal customs when visiting homes, such as bringing flowers. The type and color of flowers, however, can carry special meaning. Today, we have seen some broad differences in gift-giving. I could go on with additional examples, but let's not miss the main point here. (21) If we are not aware of and sensitive to cultural differences, the possibilities for miscommunication and conflict are enormous. Whether we learn about these differences by reading a book or by living abroad, our goal must be to respect differences among people in order to get along successfully with our global neighbors.Q19 What does the speaker say about gift-giving of North Americans?Q20 What do we learn about the Japanese concerning gift-giving?Q21 What point does the speaker make at the end of the talk?Passage 3Claudette Rigo is a reporter for a French newspaper. Her assignment for the last five years has been Washington and American politics. She reports the current political news for her paper.In addition, she writes the column that is published every week. (22) The column explains American politics to her readers in France. They often find it very difficult to understand the United States and Americans. Claudette lives in a small house in a fashionable section of Washington. She entertains a great deal. Her guests are usually government officials, diplomats, lawyers and other newspaper people. When she isn't entertaining, she goes out to dinners and parties. In spite of her busy social life, Claudette works very hard. The parties are really work for her, because reporters frequently get news stories just by talking and listening to people. Claudette also has a small office in the building downtown. She goes there every morning to write up her stories and send them to Paris. (23) Her column is published every Monday, so she usually spends a large part of the weekend working on it at home. (24) Claudette spends a month in France every year, so that she won't forget how to speak French. In spite of all of her experience in Washington, Claudette may be transferred. This is an election year in the United States when the people elect a new president. (25) When the election is over, Claudette thinks that her newspaper in Pairs may change her assignment.Q22 What do we learn about the column Claudette writes?Q23 What does Claudette usually do on weekends?Q24 Why does Claudette spend a month in France every year?Q25 What might happen to Claudette after this year's American presidential election?Compound Dictation26. innocent 27. committed 28. charges29. released 30. rather than 31. appoint32. evidence 33. hold a trial 34. designed 35. foundation。

2014年6月大学英语四级考试真题（二）梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人2014年6月大学英语四级考试真题（第2套）Part I Writing(30minutes) Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashort essayonthefollowingquestion.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbut no morethan180words.Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your campus,what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why?Part II Listening Comprehension(30minutes) SectionADirections：Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswill beaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Both theconversation andthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewill bea pause.During the pause,you must read the four choices marked A),B),C)and D),and decide which is the best answer.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletter on Answer Sheet1witha singleline throughthecentre.1.A)They came in five different colors.C)They were a very good design.They were good value for money.D)They were sold out very quickly.2.A)Ask her roommate not to speak loudly on the phone.Ask her roommate to make her phone calls outside.Go and find a quieter place to review her lessons.Report her problem to the dorm management.3.A)The washing machine is totally beyond repair.He will help Wendy prepare her annual report.Wendy should give priority to writing her report.The washing machine should be checked annually.4.A)The man fell down when removing the painting.The wall will be decorated with a new painting.The woman likes the painting on the wall.The painting is now being refrained.5.A)It must be missing.C)The man took it to the market.It was left in the room.D)She placed it on the dressing table.6.A)Go to a play.C)Book some tickets.Meet Janet.D)Have a get-together.7.A)One box of books is found missing.C)Replacements have to be ordered.Some of the boxes arrived too late.D)Some of the books are damaged.8.A)The man will pick up Professor Johnson at her office.The man did not expect his paper to be graded so soon.Professor Johnson has given the man a very high grade.Professor Johnson will talk to each student in her office.Questions9to11arebased ontheconversation youhavejust heard.9.A)To buy a present for his friend who is getting married.To find out the cost for a complete set of cookware.To see what he could ask his friends to buy for him.梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人To make inquiries about the price of an electric cooker.10.A)To teach him how to use the kitchenware.To discuss cooking experiences with him.To tell him how to prepare delicious dishes.)To recommend suitable kitchenware to him.11.A)There are so many different sorts of knives.Cooking devices are such practical presents.A mixer can save so much time in making cakes.)Saucepans and frying pans are a must in the kitchen.Questions12to15arebased ontheconversation you havejust heard.12.A)Some new problems in her work.C)Her chance for promotion in the bank.Cooperation with an international bank.D)Her intention to leave her present job.13.A)The World Bank.C)A US finance corporation.Bank of Washington.D)An investment bank in New York.14.A)Supervising financial transactions.Taking charge of public relations.Making loans to private companies in developing countries.)Offering service to international companies in the United States.15.A)It is a first major step to realizing the woman’s dream.It is an honor for the woman and her present employer.It is a loss for her current company.)It is really beyond his expectation.Section BDirections：In this section,you will hear3short passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear some questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C),andD).Then mark thecorresponding letteron Answer Sheet1witha singlelinethrough thecentre.PassageOneQuestions16to18are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A)Carry out a thorough checkup.C)Keep extra gas in reserve.B)Try to keep the gas tank full.D)Fill up the water tank.17.A)Attempting to leave your car to seek help.C)Running the engine every now and then.B)Opening a window a bit to let in fresh air.D)Keeping the heater on for a long time.18.A)It exhausts you physically.C)It causes you to lose body heat.B)It makes you fall asleep easily.D)It consumes too much oxygen.Passage TwoQuestions19to21are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A)They are very generous in giving gifts.C)They regard gifts as a token of friendship.B)They refuse gifts when doing business.D)They give gifts only on special occasions.20.A)They enjoy giving gifts to other people.C)They have to follow many specific rules.)They spend a lot of time choosing gifts.D)They pay attention to the quality of gifts.21A)Gift-giving plays an important role in human relationships.)We must be aware of cultural differences in giving gifts.)We must learn how to give gifts before going abroad.22014年6月大学英语四级考试真题（二）)Reading extensively makes one a better gift-giver.Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40minutes)Section ADirections ：Inthissection ,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedby a letter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemon Answer Sheet 2witha singlelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynot useanyof the wordsinthebank morethan once.梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人Section BDirections：In thissection,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Eachparagraph ismarked witha letter.Answer thequestions bymarkingthecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.TheEnd of theBook?A)Amazon,by far the largest bookseller in the country,reported on May19that it is now selling more books in its electronicKindle format than in the old paper-and-ink format.That is remarkable,considering that the Kindle has only been around for four years.E-books now account for14percent of all book sales in this country and are increasing far faster than overall book sales.E-book sales are up146percent over last year,while hardback sales increased6percent and paperbacks decreased8percent.B)Does this spell the doom of the physical book?Certainly not immediately,and perhaps not at all.What it does mean is thatthe book business will go through a transformation in the next decade or so more profound than any it has seen since Gutenberg introduced printing from moveable type in the1450s.C)Physical books will surely become much rarer in the marketplace.Mass market paperbacks,which have been declining foryears anyway,will probably disappear,as will hardbacks for mysteries,thrillers,“romance fiction,”etc.Such books,which only rarely end up in permanent collections,either private or public,will probably only be available as e-books within a few years.Hardback and trade paperbacks for“serious”nonfiction and fiction will surely last longer.Perhaps it will become the mark of an author to reckon with that he or she is still published in hard copy.D)As for children’s books,who knows?Children’s books are like dog food in that the purchasers are not the consumers,so themarket(and the marketing)is inherently strange.E)For clues to the book’s future,let’s look at some examples of technological change and see what happened to the oldtechnology.F)One technology replaces another only because the new technology is better,cheaper,or both.The greater the difference,thesooner and more thoroughly the new technology replaces the old.Printing with moveable type on paper dramatically reduced the cost of producing a book compared with the old-fashioned ones handwritten on vellum,which comes from sheepskin.A Bible—to be sure,a long book—required vellum made from300sheepskins and countless man-hours of labor.Before printing arrived,a Bible cost more than a middle-class house.There were perhaps50,000books in all of Europe in 1450.By1500there were10million.42014年6月大学英语四级考试真题（二）梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人G)But while printing quickly caused the handwritten book to die out,handwriting lingered on(继续存在)well into the16thcentury.Very special books are still occasionally produced on vellum,but they are one-of-a-kind show pieces.H)Sometimes a new technology doesn’t drive the old one out,but only parts of it while forcing the rest to evolve.The movieswere widely predicted to drive live theater out of the marketplace,but they didn’t,because theater turned out to have qualities movies could not reproduce.Equally,TV was supposed to replace movies but,again,did not.I)Movies did,however,fatally impact some parts of live theater.And while TV didn’t kill movies,it did kill second-ratepictures,shorts,and cartoons.J)Nor did TV kill edy and drama shows(“Jack Benny,“Amos and Andy,“The Shadow”)all migrated to television.But because you can’t drive a car and watch television at the same time,rush hour became radio’s prime time,while music, talk,and news radio greatly enlarged their audiences.Radio is today a very different business than in the late1940s and a much larger one.K)Sometimes old technology lingers for centuries because of its symbolic power.Mounted cavalry(骑兵)replaced the chariot(二轮战车）on the battlefield around1000BC.But chariots maintained their place in parades and triumphs right up until the end of the Roman Empire1,500years later.The sword hasn’t had a military function for a hundred years,but is still part of an officer’s full-dress uniform,precisely because a sword always symbolized“an officer and a gentleman.’’L)Sometimes new technology is a little cranky(不稳定的）at first.Television repairman was a common occupation in the 1950s,for instance.And so the old technology remains as a backup.Steamships captured the North Atlantic passenger business from sail in the1840s because of its much greater speed.But steamships didn’t lose their sails until the1880s, because early marine engines had a nasty habit of breaking down.Until ships became large enough(and engines small enough)to mount two engines side by side,they needed to keep sails.(The high cost of steam and the lesser need for speed kept the majority of the world’s ocean freight moving by sail until the early years of the20th century.)M)Then there is the fireplace.Central heating was present in every upper-and middle-class home by the second half of the 19th century.But functioning fireplaces remain to this day a powerful selling point in a house or apartment.I suspect the reason is a deep-rooted love of fire.Fire was one of the earliest major technological advances for humankind,providing heat, protection,and cooked food(which is much easier to eat and digest).Human control of fire goes back far enough(over a million years)that evolution could have produced a genetic leaning towards fire as a central aspect of human life.N)Books—especially books the average person could afford—haven’t been around long enough to produce evolutionary change in humans.But they have a powerful hold on many people nonetheless,a hold extending far beyond their literary content.At their best,they are works of art and there is a tactile(触觉的）pleasure in books necessarily lost in e-book versions.The ability to quickly thumb through pages is also lost.And a room with books in it induces,at least in some,a feeling not dissimilar to that of a fire in the fireplace on a cold winter’s night.O)For these reasons I think physical books will have a longer existence as a commercial product than some currently predict.Like swords,books have symbolic power.Like fireplaces,they induce a sense of comfort and warmth.And,perhaps, similar to sails,they make a useful backup for when the lights go out.Authors still published in printed versions will be considered important ones.Some people are still in favor of printed books because of the sense of touch they can provide.The radio business has changed greatly and now attracts more listeners.Contrary to many peopled prediction of its death,the film industry survived.Remarkable changes have taken place in the book business.Old technology sometimes continues to exist because of its reliability.The increase of e-book sales will force the book business to make changes not seen for centuries.A new technology is unlikely to take the place of an old one without a clear advantage.Paperbacks of popular literature are more likely to be replaced by e-books.A house with a fireplace has a stronger appeal to buyers.梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人Section CDirections：Thereare2passagesin thissection.Each passage isfollowed by somequestions or unfinishedstatements.For each of them thereare four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet2witha singlelinethrough thecentre.PassageOneQuestions56to60are based on the following passage.The question of whether our government should promote science and technology or the liberal arts in higher education isn’t an either/or proposition(命题),although the current emphasis on preparing young Americans for STEM(science,technology, engineering,maths)-related fields can make it seem that way.The latest congressional report acknowledges the critical importance of technical training,but also asserts that the study of the humanities(人文学科）and social sciences must remain central components of America’s educational system at all levels. Both areas are critical to producing citizens who can participate effectively in our democratic society,become innovative(创新的）leaders,and benefit from the spiritual enrichment that the reflection on the great ideas of mankind over time provides.Parents and students who have invested heavily in higher education worry about graduates,job prospects as technological advances and changes in domestic and global markets transform professions in ways that reduce wages and cut jobs.Under these circumstances,it’s natural to look for what may appear to be the most“practical”way out of the problem:“Major in a subject designed to get you a job”seems the obvious answer to some,though this ignores the fact that many disciplines in the humanities characterized as“soft”often,in fact,lead to employment and success in the long run.Indeed,according to surveys,employers have expressed a preference for students who have received a broadly-based education that has taught them to write well,think critically,research creatively,and communicate easily.Moreover,students should be prepared not just for their first job,but for their4th and5th jobs,as there’s little reason to doubt that people entering the workforce today will be called upon to play many different roles over the course of their careers. The ones who will do the best in this new environment will be those whose educations have prepared them to be flexible.The ability to draw upon every available tool and insight—picked up from science,arts,and technology—to solve the problems of the future,and take advantage of the opportunities that present themselves,will be helpful to them and the United States.What does the latest congressional report suggest?A)STEM-related subjects help students find jobs in the information society.B)The humanities and STEM subjects should be given equal importance.C)The liberal arts in higher education help enrich students’spiritual life.D)Higher education should be adjusted to the practical needs of society.What is the main concern of students when they choose a major?A)Their interest in relevant subjects.C)The quality of education to receive.B)The academic value of the courses.D)Their chances of getting a good job.What does the author say about the so-called soft subjects?A)They benefit students in their future life.B)They broaden students’range of interests.C)They improve students’communication skills.D)They are essential to students’healthy growth.What kind of job applicants do employers look for?A)Those who have a strong sense of responsibility.B)Those who are good at solving practical problems.C)Those who are likely to become innovative leaders.D)Those who have received a well-rounded education.What advice does the author give to college students?A)Seize opportunities to tap their potential.C)Prepare themselves for different job options.62014年6月大学英语四级考试真题（二）梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人B)Try to take a variety of practical courses.D)Adopt a flexible approach to solving problems. PassageTwoQuestions61to65are based on the following passage.Energy independence.It has a nice ring to it,doesn’t it?If you think so,you’re not alone,because energy independence has been the dream of American presidents for decades,and never more so than in the past few years,when the most recent oil price shock has been partly responsible for kicking off the great recession.“Energy independence”and its rhetorical(修辞的）companion“energy security”are,however,slippery concepts that are rarely thought through.What is it we want independence from,exactly?Most people would probably say that they want to be independent from imported oil.But there are reasons that we buy all that oil from elsewhere.The first reason is that we need it to keep our economy running.Yes,there is a trickle(涓涓细流）of biofuel（生物燃料）available,and more may become available,but most biofuels cause economic waste and environmental destruction.Second,Americans have basically decided that they don’t really want to produce all their own oil.They value the environmental quality they preserve over their oil imports from abroad.Vast areas of the United States are off-limits to oil exploration and production in the name of environmental protection.To what extent are Americans really willing to endure the environmental impacts of domestic energy production in order to cut back imports?Third,there are benefits to trade.It allows for economic efficiency,and when we buy things from places that have lower production costs than we do,we benefit.And although you don’t read about this much,the United States is also a large exporter of oil products,selling about2million barrels of petroleum products per day to about90countries.There is no question that the United States imports a great deal of energy and,in fact,relies on that steady flow to maintain its economy.When that flow is interrupted,we feel the pain in short supplies and higher prices.At the same time,we derive massive economic benefits when we buy the most affordable energy on the world market and when we engage in energy trade around the world.What does the author say about energy independence for America?A)It sounds very attractive.C)It will bring oil prices down.B)It ensures national security.D)It has long been everyone’s dream.What does the author think of biofuels?A)They keep America’s economy running healthily.B)They prove to be a good alternative to petroleum.C)They do not provide a sustainable energy supply.D)They cause serious damage to the environment.Why does America rely heavily on oil imports?A)It wants to expand its storage of crude oil.B)Its own oil reserves are quickly running out.C)It wants to keep its own environment intact.D)Its own oil production falls short of demand.What does the author say about oil trade?A)It proves profitable to both sides.C)It makes for economic prosperity.B)It improves economic efficiency.D)It saves the cost of oil exploration.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A)To justify America’s dependence on oil imports.B)To arouse Americans’awareness of the energy crisis.C)To stress the importance of energy conservation.D)To explain the increase of international oil trade.梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人Part IV Translation(30minutes) Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.Youshouldwriteyouransweron Answer Sheet2.中国教育工作者早就认识到读书对于国家的重要意义。

201406-2 四级听力材料Short Conversations1. M: Did you buy any of the sweaters that we are on sale?W: Buy any? I got five of them. They were such a good bargain.Q: What does the woman say about the sweaters?2. W: I have trouble concentrating when my roommate talks so loud on hermobile phone.M: Why don’t you just ask her to lower her voice?Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?3. W: Wendy’ s in the basement, trying to fix the washing machine.M: Shouldn’t she be working on her annual report?Q: What does the man mean?4. W: What happened to the painting that used to be on the wall?M: It fell down and the glass broke. I’m having it reframed.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?5. M: You must have left the camera in the market. It’s a very expensive camerayou know.W: But I tell you that I didn’t take it. I remember clearly that you put it on the dressing table.Q: What does the woman say about the camera?6. W: There is a good comedy on at the theatre Royal next Saturday. If you like,I can book four seats for us.M: All right. I’ ll ask Janet if she is free then. I’ ll let you know tomorrow.Q: What does the woman suggest they do next Saturday?7. W: We’ve opened the first box. Look! Some of these books are soaked.M: They should’ ve used waterproof wrappings. What are we going to do about it? It’s too late to order replacements.Q: What do we learn about the conversation?8. W: Professor Johnson said you can pick up your term paper at her office.M: So she has graded it?Q: What can we infer from the conversation?Long Conversation 1W: Can I help you?M:Well. I’ m not sure. I hope so. (9) You see, actually, I’m getting married soon. And my friends want to buy me presents and things.W: And would you like some things for the kitchen.M:Yes, that’s right. I thought if I could find out things about kitchen things.They would be the best sorts of presents.W: Well. I suppose the first thing you need is a cooker. Do you like an electron one or a gas one?M: Hm. I think I probably prefer a gas one. But cookers are very expensive.Aren’t they? How much is this one?W:It’s 175 pounds, including tax and delivery. It’s a very good one though. M: But It’s a lot of money, i sn’t it? What sorts of things could I ask people to buy? You know, cheaper.W: Well. You need some pans, w on’t you? A set of pans, I suppose, and drying pans. Do you like cooking?M: Yes. I suppose so.W: Well. (10) In that case, you might like a mixer. If you make cakes and things like that, i t’ll save you a lot of time. And a blender too. That’s good if you make soup and things.M: H m. That’s a thought.W: Something else you might use is a set of these knifes, you know, carving knifes, bread knifes, steak knifes, fruit knifes, potato peeling knifes.M: (11) Heavens! I never knew so many sorts.W:Oh, Yeah. Come over here and I’ll show you some more.Q9 Why is the man is in the kitchen ware shop?Q10 Why does the woman want to know whether the man likes cooking?Q11 What does the man say he has never realized?Long Conversation 2M: Good morning, Mrs. Thomson.W: Oh, Mr. Minesuka. Please come in and sit down. I want to talk to you about something that has come up.M: What's up? Anyway, I'll be glad to help you with anything I can.W: Some advice, Mr. Minesuka. (12) I've been offered a new job.M: A new job?W: As a matter of fact, it isn't the bank in New York.M: It's the offer from another bank?W: It's from the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development in Washington.M: (13) You mean the World Bank?W: (13) That's right. And it's really very unexpected, I might say.M: You've established reputation in international banking circles. May I ask what kind of position they've offered you?W: A rather important one, as a matter of fact, deputy director of the International Finance Corporation.M: (14) Isn't that the part of the Bank that makes loans to private companies in the developing countries?W: (14) Yes, it is. It's a job that certainly offers a chance for public service.M: It seems to me that it's a real honor for you.W: Yes, it is. But I've been with this bank for so many years, ever since I graduated from college, in fact.M: (15) But it's an honor for the bank too, for the training and experience it's given you.W: Yes, I suppose I can think of it that way.M: Then you've decided to accept the offer?W: Probably, yes, almost certainly. I'd like to think I can do some work that will contribute to international corporation and understanding.Q12 What does the woman want to discuss with the man?Q13 Who offered the woman the new job?Q14 What will be the woman's main responsibility as a deputy director?Q15 What does the man think of the job offer?Passage 1Good transportation is very important in winter. (16) If you have a car, make sure it is ready for the cold weather. Keep the gas tank as nearly full as you can. This will keep water out of the tank and will be a reserve in case you get into trouble. (17) If a storm traps you in your car, there are some steps you should take for your own safety. Do not tend to walk to find help. You may quickly lose your way in blowing and drifting snow. Your chances of being found are better if you stay in your car. Keep a downwind window open slightly for fresh air. Freezing rain can seal off your car and lock you inside. Run the engine and heater once in a while. Keep the same downwind window open while the engine is running. Make sure that snow has not blocked the exhaust pipe. Clap your hands and move your arms and legs from time to time. Do not stay in one position too long. But, do not move too much. (18) Exercise warms you up, but it also causes you to lose body heat. If more than one person is in the car, do not sleep at the same time. One person should always be awake. If you are alone,stay awake as long as you can. Turn on the inside light at night. This would make your car more visible to rescue crews. Don’t panic. Stay with your car.Q16 What does the speaker say you should do in winter with your car?Q17 What should you avoid doing if a storm traps you in the car?Q18 Why is too much exercise undesirable when you are trapped in a car by a winter storm?Passage 2The topic of my talk today is gift-giving. Everybody likes to receive gifts, right? So you may think that gift-giving is a universal custom, but actually the rules of gift-giving vary quite a lot. And not knowing them can result in great embarrassment. In North America the rules are fairly simple. If you are invited to someone's home for dinner, bring wine or flowers, or a small item from your country. (19) Among friends, family and business associates, we generally don't give gifts on other occasions except on someone's birthday and Christmas. The Japanese, on other hand, give gifts quite frequently, often to thank someone for their kindness. The tradition of gift-giving in Japan is very ancient. (20) There are many detailed rules for everything, from the color of the wrapping paper to the time of the gift presentation. And while Europeans don't generally exchange business gifts, they do follow some formal customs when visiting homes, such as bringing flowers. The type and color of flowers, however, can carry special meaning. Today, we have seen some broad differences in gift-giving. I could go on with additional examples, but let's not miss the main point here. (21) If we are not aware of and sensitive to cultural differences, the possibilities for miscommunication and conflict are enormous. Whether we learn about these differences by reading a book or by living abroad, our goal must be to respect differences among people in order to get along successfully with our global neighbors.Q19 What does the speaker say about gift-giving of North Americans?Q20 What do we learn about the Japanese concerning gift-giving?Q21 What point does the speaker make at the end of the talk?Passage 3Claudette Rigo is a reporter for a French newspaper. Her assignment for the last five years has been Washington and American politics. She reports the current political news for her paper.In addition, she writes the column that is published every week. (22) The column explains American politics to her readers in France. They often find it very difficult to understand the United States and Americans. Claudette lives in a small house in a fashionable section of Washington. She entertains a great deal. Her guests are usually government officials, diplomats, lawyers and other newspaper people. When she isn't entertaining, she goes out to dinners and parties. In spite of her busy social life, Claudette works very hard. The parties are really work for her, because reporters frequently get news stories just by talking and listening to people. Claudette also has a small office in the building downtown. She goes there every morning to write up her stories and send them to Paris. (23) Her column is published every Monday, so she usually spends a large part of the weekend working on it at home. (24) Claudette spends a month in France every year, so that she won't forget how to speak French. In spite of all of her experience in Washington, Claudette may be transferred. This is an election year in the United States when the people elect a new president. (25) When the election is over, Claudette thinks that her newspaper in Pairs may change her assignment.Q22 What do we learn about the column Claudette writes?Q23 What does Claudette usually do on weekends?Q24 Why does Claudette spend a month in France every year?Q25 What might happen to Claudette after this year's American presidential election?Compound Dictation26. innocent 27. committed 28. charges29. released 30. rather than 31. appoint32. evidence 33. hold a trial 34. designed 35. foundation。

2014年6月大学英语四级考试真题（第2套）Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following topic.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your campus, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why?Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each questionthere will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B),C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2014年6月四级真题(第2套)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following question. You should write at least 120 words but no more than words. Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your campus, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why?注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer SheetＩwith a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2014年6月大学英语四级考试真题（第二套）Part I Writing(30minutes) Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write a short essay on the following question.You should write at least120words but No more than180words.Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your campus,what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why?PartⅡListening Comprehension(30minutes) Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear8short conversations and2long conversations.At the end of each conversation,one or more questionswill be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and thequestions will be spoken only once.After each question there will be apause.During the pause,you must read the four choices marked A),B),C)and D),and decide which is the best answer.Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through thecentre.1.A.They came in five different colors.B.They were good value for money.C.They were a very good design.D.They were sold out very quickly.2.A.Ask her roommate not to speak loudly on the phone.B.Ask her roommate to make her phone calls outside.C.Go and find a quieter place to review her lessons.D.Report her problem to the dorm management.3.A.The washing machine is totally beyond repair.B.He will help Wendy prepare her annual report.C.Wendy should give priority to writing her report.D.The washing machine should be checked annually.4.A.The man fell down when removing the painting.B.The wall will be decorated with a new painting.C.The woman likes the painting on the wall.D.The painting is now being reframed.5.A.It must be missing.B.It was left in the room.C.The man took it to the market.D.She placed it on the dressing table.6.A.Go to a play.B.Meet Janet.C.Book some tickets.D.Have a get-together.7.A.One box of books is found missing.B.Some of the boxes arrived too late.C.Replacements have to be ordered.D.Some of the books are damaged.8.A.The man will pick up Professor Johnson at her office.B.The man did not expect Iris paper to be graded too soon.C.Professor Johnson has given the man a very high grade.D.Professor Johnson will talk to each student in her office. Questions9to11are based on the conversation you have just heard.9.A.To buy a present for his friend who is getting married.B.To find out the cost for a complete set of cookware.C.To see what he could ask his friends to buy for him.D.To make inquiries about the price of an electric cooker.10.A.To teach him how to use the kitchenware.B.To discuss cooking experiences with him.C.To tell him how to prepare delicious dishes.D.To recommend suitable kitchenware to him.11.A.There are so many different sorts of knives.B.Cooking devices are such practical presents.C.A mixer can save so much time in making cakes.D.Saucepans and frying pans are a must in the kitchen. Questions12to15are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A.Some new problems in her work.B.Cooperation with an international bank.C.Her chance for promotion in the bank.D.Her intention to leave her present job.13.A.The World Bank.B.Bank of Washington.C.A U.S.finance corporation.D.An investment bank in New York.14.A.Supervising financial transactions.B.Taking charge of public relations.C.Making loans to private companies in developing countries.D.Offering service to international companies in the United States.15.A.It is a first major step to realizing the woman’s dream.B.It is an honor for the woman and her present employer.C.It is a loss for her current company.D.It is really beyond his expectation.Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear3short passages.At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions.Both the passage and the questions will bespoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the bestanswer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through thecentre.Passage OneQuestions16to18are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A.Carry out a thorough checkup.B.Try to keep the gas tank full.C.Keep extra gas in reserve.D.Fill up the water tank.17.A.Attempting to leave your car to seek help.B.Opening a window a bit to let in fresh air.C.Running the engine every now and then.D.Keeping the heater on for a long time.18.A.It exhausts you physically.B.It makes you fall asleep easily.C.It causes you to lose body heat.D.It consumes too much oxygen.Passage TwoQuestions19to21are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A.They are very generous in giving gifts.B.They refuse gifts when doing business.C.They regard gifts as a token of friendship.D.They give gifts only on special occasions.20.A.They enjoy giving gifts to other people.B.They spend a lot of time choosing gifts.C.They have to follow many specific rules.D.They pay attention to the quality of gifts.21.A.Gift-giving plays an important role in human relationships.B.We must be aware of cultural differences in giving gifts.C.We must learn how to give gifts before going abroad.D.Reading extensively makes one a better gift-giver.Passage ThreeQuestions22to25are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A.It reflects American people’s view of French politics.B.It is first published in Washington and then in Paris.C.It explains American politics to the French public.D.It is popular among French government officials.23.A.Work on her column.B.Do housework at home.C.Entertain her guests.D.Go shopping downtown.24.A.To report to her newspaper.B.To refresh her French.C.To visit her parents.D.To meet her friends.25.A.She might be recalled to France.B.She might change her profession.C.She might close her Monday column.D.She might be assigned to a new post.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the first time,you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for the second time,you are required to fill inthe blanks with the exact words you have just hoard.Finally,when thepassage is read for the third time,you should check what you havewritten.According to American law,if someone is accused of a crime,he is considered 26until the court proves the person is guilty.To arrest a person,the police have to be reasonably sure that a crime has been 27.The police must give the suspect the reasons why they are arresting him and tell him his rights under the law.Then the police take the suspect to the police station, where the name of the person and the28against him are formally listed.The next step is for the suspect to go before a judge.The judge decides whether the suspect should be kept in jail or29.If the suspect has no previous criminal record and the judge feels that he will return to court30run away,he can go free. Otherwise,the suspect must put up bail(保释金).At this time,too,the judge will 31a court lawyer to defend the suspect if he can’t afford one.The suspect returns to court a week or two later.A lawyer from the district attorney’s office presents a case against the suspect.The attorney may present32 as well as witnesses.The judge then decides whether there is enough reason to33.The American justice system is very complex and sometimes operates slowly. However,every step is34to protect the rights of the people.These individual rights are the35of the American government.PartⅢReading Comprehension(40minutes) Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a wordbank following the passage:Read the passage through carefully beforemaking your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words inthe bank more than once.Questions36to45are based on the following passage.The fact is,the world has been finding less oil than it has been using for more than twenty years now.Not only has demand been36,but the oil we have been finding is coming from places that are37to reach.At the same time,more of this newly38oil is of the type that requires a greater investment to39.And because demand for this precious resource will grow,according to some,by over40percentby2025,fueling the world’s economic40will take a lot more energy from every possible source.The energy industry needs to get more from existing fields while continuing to search for new41.Automakers must continue to improve fuel efficiency and perfect hybrid(混合动力的)vehicles.Technological improvements are needed so that wind,solar and hydrogen can be more42parts of the energy equation. Governments need to formulate energy policies that promote43and environmentally sound development.Consumers must be willing to pay for some of these solutions,while practicing conservation efforts of their own.Inaction is not an44.So let’s work together to balance this equation.We are taking some of the45needed to get started,but we need your help to go the rest of the way.A)consequentlyB)cultivateC)decliningD)derivedE)difficultF)discoveredG)economicallyH)exception I)feasible J)growth K)Option L)refine M)reserves N)soaring O)stepsSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of theparagraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information isderived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraphis marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.I Cry,Therefore I Am[A]In2008,at a German zoo,a gorilla(大猩猩)named Gana gave birth to a maleinfant,who died after three months.Photographs of Gana,looking stricken and inconsolable(伤心欲绝的),attracted crowds to the zoo.Sad as the scene was, the humans,not Gana,were the only ones crying.The notion that animals can weep has no scientific basis.Years of observations by biologists Dian Fossey, who observed gorillas,and Jane Goodall,who worked with chimpanzees(黑猩猩),could not prove that animals cry tears from emotion.[B]It’s true that many animals shed tears,especially in response to pain.Tears protectthe eye by keeping it moist.But crying as an expression of feeling is unique to humans and has played an essential role in human evolution and the development of human cultures.[C]Within two days an infant can imitate sad and happy faces.If an infant does notcry out,it is unlikely to get the attention it needs to survive.Around34months, the relationship between the human infant and its environment takes on a more organized communicative role,and tearful crying begins to serve interpersonal purposes:the search for comfort and pacification(抚慰).As we get older,crying becomes a tool of social interaction:grief and joy,shame and pride,fear and manipulation.[D]Tears are as universal as laughter,and grief is more complex than joy.Butalthough we all cry,we do so in different ways.Women cry more frequently and intensely than men,especially when exposed to emotional events.Like crying, depression is,around the world,more commonly seen in women than in men.One explanation might be that women,who despite decades of social advances still suffer from economic inequality,discrimination(歧视)and even violence, might have more to cry about.Men not only cry for shorter periods than women, but they also are less inclined to explain their tears,usually shed them more quietly,and tend more frequently to apologize when they cry openly.Men,like women,report crying at the death of a loved one and in response to a moving religions experience.They are more likely than women to cry when their core identities—as providers and protectors,as fathers and fighters—are questioned.[E]People who score on personality tests as more sympathetic cry more than thosewho are more rigid or have more self-control.Frequency of crying varies widely: some shed tears at any novel or movie,others only a handful of times in their lives.Crying in response to stress and conflict in the home,or after emotional trauma (创伤),lasts much longer than tears induced by everyday sadness—which in turn last longer than tears of delight and joy.[F]Sadness is our primary association with crying,but the fact is that people reportfeeling happier after crying.Surveys estimate that85%of women and73%of men report feeling better after shedding tears.Surprisingly,crying is morecommonly associated with minor forms of depression than with major depression involving suicidal thoughts.[G]People widely report that crying relieves tension,restores emotional balance andprovides“catharsis”,a washing out of bad feelings.The term“catharsis”has religious implications of removing evil and sin;it’s no surprise that religious ceremonies are,around the world,one of the main settings for the release of tears.[H]Crying is a nearly universal sign of grief,though some mourners report that,despite genuine sorrow,they cannot shed tears—sometimes even for years after their loved one has gone.Unlike today,when the privacy of grief is more respected,the public or ceremonial shedding of tears,at the graveside of a spouse or the funeral of a king or queen,was once considered socially or even politically essential.[I]Crying has also served other social purposes.Rousseau wrote in his Confessionsthat while he considered tears the most powerful expression of love,he also just liked to cry over nothing.[J]The association of tears with art has ancient roots.The classic Greek tragedies of the fifth century B.C.were primarily celebrations of gods.Tragedies,like poetry and music,were staged religions events.Even then it was recognized that crying in response to drama brought pleasure.[K]I have argued that there are neurobiological(神经生物方面的)associations linking the arts and mood disorders.When I lecture on crying,I ask my audience to let me know,by a show of hands,which art forms most move them to tears.About80%say music,followed closely by novels(74%),but then the figures fall sharply,to43%,for poetry,and10-22%for paintings,sculpture and architecture.[L]The physical act of crying is mainly one of breathing in air,which is why we choke up when we weep.This suggests to language scientists that emotional crying evolved before language,perhaps explaining why tears communicate states of mind and feelings that are often so difficult to express in words.Of course,from an evolutionary perspective,recognition of emotion(usually through facial gesture)was essential for survival.[M]The earliest humans arrived several million years ago,but only150,000to 200,000years ago,did cultures,language,religion and the arts arise.Along the way,tears became more than a biological necessity to lubricate(润滑)the eye and developed into a sign of intense emotion and a signal of social bonding.The development of self-consciousness and the notion of individual identity,or ego;storytelling about the origins of the world,the creation of humanity and life after death;and the ability to feel others’sadness—all were critical parts of the neurobiological changes that made us human[N]More recently,we’ve learned from neuroscience that certain brain circuits(回路) are activated(激活),rapidly and unconsciously,when we see another in emotional distress.In short,our brain evolved circuits to allow us to experience sympathy,which in turn made civilization,and an ethics based on sympathy, possible.So the next time you reach a tissue box,or sob on a friend’s shoulder,or shed tears at the movies,stop and reflect on why we cry and what it means to cry.Becanse ultimately,while we love to cry,we also cry to love.46.Nowadays people respect the privacy of grief more than in the past.47.Infants cry to attract attention for survival.48.There is no scientific evidence as yet that animals can shed tears from emotion.49.Tears can perform certain communicative functions which words cannot.50.Our ability to experience sympathy is essential to the development of civilization.51.People are more inclined to cry when suffering minor forms of depression.52.Sometimes people cannot cry despite genuine grief.53.In humans’long history,tears have developed an essential role in socialrelationships.54.Men are less likely to give reasons for their tears.55.Crying has long been associated with art.Section CDirections:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are fourchoices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choiceand mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single linethrough the centre.Passage OneQuestions56to60are based on following passage.Hospitals,hoping to curb medical error,have invested heavily to put computers, smartphones and other devices into the hands of medical staff for instant access to patient data,drug information and case studies.But like many cures,this solution has come with an unintended side effect: doctors and nurses can be focused on the screen and not the patient,even during moments of critical care.A poll showed that half of medical technicians had admitted texting during a procedure.This phenomenon has set off an intensifying discussion at hospitals and medical schools about a problem perhaps best described as“distracted doctoring.”In response, some hospitals have begun limiting the use of electronic devices in critical settings, while schools have started reminding medical students to focus on patients instead of devices.“You justify carrying devices around the hospital to do medical records,but you can surf the Internet or do Facebook,and sometimes Facebook is more tempting,”said Dr.Peter Papadakos at the University of Rochester Medical Center.“My gut feeling(本能的感觉)is lives are in danger,”said Dr.Papadakos.“We’re not educating people about the problem,and it’s getting worse.”A survey of439medical technicians found that55percent of technicians who monitor bypass machines acknowledged that they had talked on cellphones during heart surgery.Half said they had texted while in surgery.The study concluded,“Such distractions have the potential to be disastrous.”Medical professionals have always faced interruptions from cellphones,and multitasking is simply a fact of life for many medical jobs.What has changed,say doctors,especially younger ones,is that they face increasing pressure to interact with their devices.The pressure stems from a mantra(信条)of modem medicine that patient care must be“data driven,”and informed by the latest,instantly accessible information.By many accounts,the technology has helped reduce medical error by providing instant access to patient data or prescription details.Dr.Peter Carmel,president of the American Medical Association,said technology“offers great potential in health care.”but he added that doctors’first priority should be with the patient.56.Why do hospitals equip their staff with computers,smartphones and otherdevices?A.To reduce medical error.B.To cope with emergencies.C.To facilitate administration.D.To simplify medical procedures.57.What does the author refer to by“distracted doctoring”?A.The disservice done by modem devices to doctors,nurses,as well as patients.B.The tendency of medical institutions encouraging the use of modem devices.C.The problem of devices preventing doctors from focusing on their patients.D.The phenomenon of medical staff attending to personal affairs while working.58.What does Dr.Peter Papadakos worry about?A.Medical students are not adequately trained to use modem technology.B.Doctor’s interaction with their devices may endanger patients’lives.C.Doctors are relying too heavily on modem electronic technology.D.Pressures on the medical profession may become overwhelming.59.Why do doctors feel increasing pressure to use modem devices?A.Patients trust doctors who use modern technology.e of modem devices adds to hospitals’revenues.C.Data is given too much importance in patient care.D.Patients’data has to be revised from time to time.60.What is Peter Carmel’s advice to doctors?A.They follow closely the advances in medical science.B.They focus their attention on the patient’s condition.C.They observe hospital rules and regulations.D.They make the best use of modem devices.Passage TwoQuestions61to65are based on the following passage.I have closely watched my generation,known as The Millennials,for29years now.Joel Stein wrote an extensive piece on Millennials and he remains rather optimistic about our potential.I hesitate to share his optimism because of a paradox(矛盾的现象)we seem to exhibit,namely,that there are more avenues for us to entertain ourselves than ever before,yet we are more bored than ever before.Entertainment has never been more varied.We have more cable channels, television shows,and movies than ever before.Internet providers allow instantviewing of almost any movie or television program ever created.Social drinking and partying are also widely available for Millennials.Every generation develops these habits at a certain age,but Millennials seem to be extending this phase of life as they postpone marriage.Some of this is undoubtedly due to The Great lennials are having a difficult time finding jobs;only47percent of16-to-24-year-olds are employed,the smallest share since government started recording data in1948.But do Millennials respond to these economic troubles by doing whatever it takes to make ends meet?Hardly.In fact,of the four generations Pew Research has data for,the Millennial generation does not cite work ethic(勤奋工作)as distinctive of lennials want to save the world,but they sit and wait for that world-changing opportunity to be handed to them.Instead of working2-3jobs, launching a business,or doing what it takes to succeed,they lennials may be the first generation to have a lower standard of living than their parents,but with this response to adversity(逆境),perhaps deservingly so.Much ink has been spilled in management books discussing how to get the most out of these youths in the rgely,they come to the same conclusion: Millennials are entitled,over-confident,and expect too much too quickly.We should not be surprised.Today’s young adults were raised by parents who made sure to boost their self-esteem at every turn,telling them they could achieve whatever they set their minds to,and handing out prizes for the sixth place.61.What does the author of the passage think of Millennials?A.They show little interest in entertainment.B.They are not confident about their ability.C.They enjoy an easy life due to high technology.D.They may not have bright prospects for success.62.How do Millennials feel about their life?A.They can hardly do anything about it.B.There is little in it to get excited about.C.It is not as good as their parents’.D.It is full of opportunities for success.63.In what way are Millennials different from previous generations according to PewResearch?A.They spend less time socializing.B.They are indifferent to others.C.They do not value hard work.D.They are more independent.64.What should Millennials do according to the author?A.Remain optimistic in face of adversity.B.Start a business as early as possible.C.Make full use of new opportunities.D.Take action to change their situation.65.Why are Millennials over-confident about themselves?A.They have been spoiled by their parents.B.They can always get whatever they expect.C.They are misguided by management books.D.They think they are young and energetic.PartⅣTranslation(30minutes) Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.中国教育工作者早就认识到读书对于国家的重要意义。

2014年6月英语四级考试真题试卷(第2套)Part One 写作Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following question. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your compus, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why?Part Two 十五选十Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Global warming is a trend toward warmer conditions around the world. Part of the warming is natural; we have experienced a 20,000 -year -long warming as the last ice age ended and the ice 36 away. However, we have already reached temperatures that are in 37 with other minimum-ice periods, so continued warming is likely not natural. We are 38 to a predicted worldwide increase in temperatures 39 between 1℃ and 6℃over the next 100 years. The warming will be more 40 in some areas, less in others, and some places may even cool off. Likewise, the 41 of this warming will be very different depending on where you are—coastal areas must worry about rising sea levels, while Siberia and northern Canada may become more habitable (宜居的) and 42 for humans than these areas are now.The fact remains, however, that it will likely get warmer, on 43 , everywhere. Scientists are in general agreement that the warmer conditions we have been experiencing are at least in part the result of ahuman-induced global warming trend. Some scientists 44 that the changes we are seeing fall within the range of random (无规律的) variation—some years are cold, others warm, and we have just had an unremarkable string of warm years 45 —but that is becoming an increasingly rare interpretation in the face of continued and increasing warm conditions.A) appealingB) averageC) contributingD) dramaticE) frequentlyF) impactG) lineH) maintain I) melted J) persist K) ranging L) recently M) resolved N) sensible O) shockPart Three 仔细阅读Passage OneThe End of the Book?The question of whether our government should promote science and technology or the liberal arts in higher education isn’t an either/or proposition(命题)，although the current emphasis on preparing young Americans for STEM（science, technology, engineering, maths）-related fields can make it seem that way. The latest congressional report acknowledges the critical importance of technical training, but also asserts that the study of the humanities (人文学科)and social sciences must remain central components of America’s educational system at all levels. Both are critical to producing citizens who can participate effectively in our democratic society, become innovative（创新的)leaders, and benefit from the spiritual enrichment that the reflection on the great ideas of mankind over time provides.Parents and students who have invested heavily in higher education worry about graduates’ job prospects as technological advances and changes in domestic and global markets transform professions in ways that reduce wages and cut jobs. Under these circumstances, it’s natural to look for what may appear to be the most “practical” way out of the problem “Major in a subject designed to get you a job” seems the obvious answer to some, though this ignores the fact that many disciplines in the humanities characterized as “soft” often, in fact, lead to employment and success in the long run. Indeed, according to surveys, employers have expressed a preference for students who have received a broadly-based education that has taught them to write well, think critically, research creatively, and communicate easily.Moreover, students should be prepared not just for their first job, but for their 4th and 5th jobs, as there’s little reason to doubt that people en tering the workforce today will be called upon to play many different roles over the course of their careers. The ones who will do the best in this new environment will be those whose educations have prepared them to be flexible. The ability to draw upon every available tool and insight—picked up from science, arts, and technology—to solve the problems of the future, and take advantage of the opportunities that present themselves, will be helpful to them and the United States.56. What does the latest congressional report suggest?A) STEM-related subjects help students find jobs in the information society.B) The humanities and STEM subjects should be given equal importance.C) The liberal arts in higher education help enrich students’ spiritual life.D) Higher education should be adjusted to the practical needs of society.57. What is the main concern of students when they choose a major?A) Their interest in relevant subjects. B) The academic value of the courses.C) The quality of education to receive. D) Their chances of getting a good job.58. What does the author say about the so called soft subjects?A) The benefit students in their future life. B) They broaden students’ range of interests.C) They improve students’ communication ski lls. D) They are essential to students’ healthy growth.59. What kind of job applicants do employers look for?A) Those who have a strong sense of responsibility.B) Those who are good at solving practical problems.C) Those who are likely to become innovative leaders.D) Those who have received a well-rounded education.60. What advice does the author give to college students?A) Seize opportunities to tap their potential. B) Try to take a variety of practical courses.C) Prepare themselves for different job options. D) Adopt a flexible approach to solving problems.Passage TwoEnergy independence. It has a nice ring to it. Doesn’t it? If you think so, you’re not alone, because energy independence has been the dream of American president for decades, and never more so than in the past few years, when the most recent oil price shock has been partly responsible for kicking off the great recession.“Energy independence” and its rhetorical (修辞的) companion “energy security” are, however, sl ippery concepts that are rarely though through. What is it we want independence from, exactly?Most people would probably say that they want to be independent from imported oil. But there are reasons that we buy all that old from elsewhere.The first reason is that we need it to keep our economy running. Yes, there is a trickle（涓涓细流）of biofuel（生物燃料）available, and more may become available, but most biofuels cause economic waste and environmental destruction.Second, Americans have basically decided that the y don’t really want to produce all their own oil. They value the environmental quality they preserve over their oil imports from abroad. Vast areas of the United States are off-limits to oil exploration and production in the name of environmental protection. To what extent are Americans really willing to endure the environmental impacts of domestic energy production in order to cut back imports?Third, there are benefits to trade. It allows for economic efficiency, and when we buy things from places that ha ve lower production costs than we do, we benefit. And although you don’t read about this much, the United States is also a large exporter of oil products, selling about 2 million barrels of petroleum products per day to about 90 countries.There is no question that the United States imports a great deal of energy and, in fact, relies on that steady flow to maintain its economy. When that flow is interrupted, we feel the pain in short supplies and higher prices, At the same time, we derive massive economic benefits when we buy the most affordable energy on the world market and when we engage in energy trade around the world.61. What does the author say about energy independence for America?A) It sounds very attractive. C) It will bring oil prices down.B) It ensures national security. D) It has long been everyone’s dream.62. What does the author think of biofuels?A) They keep America’s economy running healthily.B) They prove to be a good alternative to petroleum.C) They do not provide a sustainable energy supply. D) They cause serious damage to the environment.63. Why does America rely heavily on oil imports?A) It wants to expand its storage of crude oil. B) Its own oil reserves are quickly running out.C) It wants to keep its own environment intact. D) Its own oil production falls short of demand.64. What does the author say about oil trade?A) It proves profitable to both sides. C) It makes for economic prosperity.B) It improves economic efficiency. D) It saves the cost of oil exploration.65. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A) To justify America’s dependence on oil imports.B) To arouse Americans’ awareness of the energy crisis.C) To stress the importance of energy conservation.D) To explain the increase of international oil trade.Part Four 翻译Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国教育工作者早就认识到读书对于国家的重要意义，有些教育工作者2003年就建议设立全民读书日。