【高三一模】2020届上海嘉定区高三英语一模(含答案及听力完整版)

2020届上海市嘉定区疁城实验学校高三英语一模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ASome colleges have started offering their own gap year programs to support students who want to take a year off in a meaningful way. Below, we’ll look at four of these programs.American University Gap ProgramWhen to apply: By July 15 or November 15Is there funding available? No.In American University Gap Program, students spend three days per week with a government or business organization in the city. Students go on field trips, listen to guest speakers, take part in hands-on lessons and work on service projects as a group. Students who complete the program can earn seven credits.Duke University Gap Year ProgramWhen to apply: By early May of each yearIs there funding available? Yes, $5,000 to $15,000.Though Duke University has no course of study or experience for its gap year program, it encourages students to have an independent plan for their year off, particularly one that promotes personal growth. Independent experiences may include community service, personalized experiential learning opportunities and others.Florida State University Gap YearWhen to apply: By February 24Is there funding available? Yes, up to $5,000.Florida State University offers gap year funding to students wishing to work or volunteer before starting college. In order to get the momey, students must explain their plans for their gap year. The experience must last over one year.St Norbert College Bridge Year ExperienceWhen to apply: not specifiedIs there funding available? Not specified.Students taking part in the Bridge Year Experience can travel to locations such as New Mexico, Wisconsin and Guatemala during the fall term, where they learn about the local cultures, take courses and get serviceopportunities.1.What does Duke University advise students to do during their gap year?A.Focus on their personal growth.B.Be independent of their parents.C.Apply before the end of November.D.Contact some off-campus organization.2.How can students get gap year funding from Florida State University?A.By having extra credits.B.By organizing several projects.C.By showing their gap plans.D.By doing volunteer work.3.If you are interested in travelling, you can choose ________.A.Florida State University Gap YearB.American University Gap ProgramC.Duke University Gap Year ProgramD.St. Norbert College Bridge Year ExperienceBAvi Loeb, a scientist, believes that we are not alone in the universe. The belief fits withLoeb's alien spaceship theory that at least one alien spaceship might be flying over the orbit of Jupiter, which won the international attention last year.Astronomers inHawaiifound the first known interstellar object in late 2017. It was a bit of light moving so fast past the sun that it could only have come from another star. Almost every astronomer on the planet was trying to figure out how the object, called “Oumuamua” got to our far-away part of the Milky way galaxy. “One possibility is that ‘Oumuamua’ is debris from an advanced technological equipment,” Loeb said. “Technology comes from another solar system just showed up at our door. ”“‘Oumuamua’ is not an alien spaceship,” Paul Sutter, another scientist wrote. He suggested Loeb was seeking publicity. Most scientists think “Oumuamua” is some sort of rock. They think it could be an icy wandering comet.Loeb says that “Oumuamua's” behavior means it can't be a block of rock shaped like a long photo. He thinks it's more likely an object that's very long and thin, perhaps like a long pancake or a ship's sail. Loeb says that if someone shows him evidence thatcontradictshis beliefs, he will immediately give in.Loeb believes himself a truth-teller and risk-taker in an age of very safe, too-quiet scientists. “The worst thing that can happen to me is that I would be relieved of my management duties, and that would give me even more time to focus on science,” Loeb says. He said he wouldn't mind giving up all the titles he had and returning to the Israeli farming village where he grew up.4. What does Loeb say about “Oumuamua”?A. It is an icy comet.B. It looks like a long photo.C. It is actually some sort of rock.D. It may come from another alien civilization.5. What does the underlined word “contradicts” in paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Goes against.B. Relies on.C. Turns to.D. Searches for.6. What do you think of Loeb?A. He is foolish.B. He is unsatisfied with his titles.C. He is a firm believer in scientific truth.D. He is uncertain about his career future.7. What's the best title for the text?A. Have Aliens Paid a Visit in Spaceships?B. Do We Really Know about Space Theory?C. Scientists Are Working on High TechnologyD. Astronomers Are Encouraging Space TravelCShe is one of mankind’s oldest ancestors and is more than three million years old. New analysis of the arm bones of Lucy, an early hominid, suggests she was a tree climber. Lucy’s remains were uncovered in Ethiopia in the 1970s, with the 3.18 million-year-old skeleton(骨骼)being the most complete of any upright, walking human ancestor. Since she was discovered, researchers have debated whether she spent her life in the trees or spent time walking on the plains as well.The new evidence from scans of her arm bones proves she spent time climbing and used her arms to pull herself up. The scans were compared with cross sections of humans and chimpanzees, which spend a mixture of time in trees and walking on all fours on the ground. They found that the arm bones were more heavily built, similar to those of chimps, while her lower limbs(下肢)would have meant she walked less efficiently than modern humans. Professor John Kappelman, atUniversityofTexas, believes the advantage of his study was that it focused on characteristics that reflect actual behavior during life, suggesting that evenwhen Lucy walked upright, she may have done so less efficiently than modern humans, limiting her ability to walk long distances on the ground.Previous studies suggested that Lucy was just 4 feet tall and weighed just 65 pounds. Combining the new data paints a picture of an ancestor who may have spent a great amount of her time in trees. It also expands on evidence from earlier this year which claimed that Lucy may have died from a fall, most likely from a tree. The evidence suggests Lucy may have spent time on the ground, returning to the safety of the trees for food and to sleep, to avoid her enemies.8. What did the researchers argue about after Lucy was discovered?A. Where she lived.B. How long she lived.C. What she ate.D. How she worked.9. How could people tell Lucy spent time climbing?A. By her walking style.B. By her heavily built arm bones.C. By her strong lower limbs.D. By her large cross sections.10. When Lucy walked, she may________.A. have walked with bigger stepsB. have walked at a faster speedC. have walked more efficiently than usD. have walked a shorter distance than us11. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A. Guesses about Lucy’s characteristics.B. Some evidence of Lucy’s health.C. The safety of Lucy.D. The ancestor of Lucy.DWhen Rich Jean wanted to help his daughter, Abigail, learn to read, he took her to the library near their home in Brooklyn, N. Y. That's where they met Hasina Islam, who Jean says arose her interest in reading and the library.“You see what you started? You see that spark that you put in this child?” Jean told Hasina Islam at aStoryCorpsconversation in 2016. At the time, Abigail was 7 and Islam was 27. Their friendship began when Abigail was 3. Through the years, Islam has offered book suggestions that Abigail has read with great enthusiasm. “What's cool is that Hasina has recommended a lot of books that I, at the time, thought might be a little too advanced for you," Jean told Abigail. “Like Charlie and the Chocolate Factory." Abigail said.Islam's own love of the library was sparked when she was in the third grade. She lived near the main branch of the Queens Public Library in New York City, and she went there to research Henry Hudson, an English explorer, for a school project."The librarian made me feel so special. She remembered my name, and my favorite thing was that she gave me book recommendations," she said." When I was graduating from college, I thought about how I was going to make a difference in the world. And I remembered my librarian，and I remembered that feeling that she gave me every single time I went to the library. ”12. When might Abigail and Hasina Islam first meet?A. In 2012.B. In 2016.C. In 2018.D. In 2020.13. What do we know about Charlie and the Chocolate Factory from the text?A. It was Islam's favorite book.B. It might be hard for Abigail.C. It was a best seller at that time.D. It was important for Abigail.14. How did Hasina Islam help Abigail?A. By offering books to her.B. By reading together with her.C. By giving advice on books.D. By introducing great libraries.15. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?A. Islam's special college life.B. Islam's working experiences.C Islam's living conditions. D. Islam's reasons for loving library.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020年上海市嘉定区第二中学高三英语一模试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ATheatre and film fans will be excited about what's on stage and on screen.THEATRE☆Take in a Broadway show at Mirvish Venues. The Grand Theatre hosts plays and musicals in London, Ontario. The building dates back to 1901 and starts a rare architectural feature.☆In the heart of Ontario's bread-basket, treat yourself to uniquely Canadian modern productions at the Blyth Festival in Goderich.☆Ontario becomes popular on the stage as theatre festivals. The Stratford Festival produces classic productions mainly on Shakespeare in Stratford. Works by Bernard Shaw, the founder of social realism in English literature enrich the stage at the Shaw Festival in Niagara-on-the-Lake.FILM☆Expand your mind with great modem, independent film during the Reel Asian FilmFestival or visit the TIFF Bell Lightbox for exhibitions related to film and theatre.☆Making productions that don't reach half an hour by new filmmakers, the Breakthroughs Film Festival provides some of the most video movies.☆Five amazing programs feature films from across the globe during the Durham Region International Film Festival.☆One of the top film festivals in the world, the 'Toronto International Film Festival features everything from mainstream Hollywood productions to international cinema.COMEDY☆For a laugh, head to a comedy club. Absolute Comedy, Second City and Yuks Yuks all specialize in finding your funny bone.☆The Toronto Alliance for the Peforming Arts will keep you up to date on what 's playing onToronto's stages; you can look through their “TOnight” for on-the-go performing arts tickets, reviews and searches on your mobile.1. Where should those preferring realistic dramas go?A. London.B. Stratford.C. Goderich.D. Niagara-on-the-Lake.2. What does the Breakthroughs Film Festival focus on?A. Short films.B. Films across the world.C. Modern films.D. Films by young directors.3. What might “TOnight” be?A. A comedy.B. An application.C. A guidebook.D. An organization.BThe Native American of northern California were highly skilled at basketry, using the reeds, graeses, barks, and roots they found around them to fashion articles of all sorts and sizes-not only trays, containers, and cooking pots, but hats, boats, fish traps, baby carriers, and ceremonial objects.Of all these experts, none excelled the Pomo-a group who lived on or near the coast during the 1800's, and whose descendants continue to live in parts of the same region to this day. They made baskets three feet in diameter and othersno bigger than a thimble (顶针). The Pomo people were masters of decoration. Some of their baskets were completely covered with shell pendants；others with feathers that made the baskets’ surfaces as soft as the breasts of birds. Moreover, the Pomo people made use of more weaving techniques than did their neighbors. Most groups made al their basketwork by twining--the twisting of a flexible horizontal material, called a weft, around stiffer vertical strands of material, the warp. Others depended primarily on coiling-a process in which a continuous coil of stiff material is held in the desired shape with tight wrapping of flexible strands. Only the Pomo people used both processes with equal ease and frequency. In addition, they made use of four distinct variations on the basic twining process, often employing more than one of them in a single article.Although a wide variety of materials was available, the Pomo people used only a few. The warp was always made of willow, and the most commonly used weft was sedge root, a woody fiber that could easily be separated into strands no thicker than a thread. For color1 , the Pomo people used the bark of red-bud for their twined work and dyed bullrush root for black in coiled work. Though other materials were sometimes used, these four were the staples in their finest basketry.If the basketry materials used by the Pomo people were limited, the designs were amazingly varied. Every Pomo basket maker knew how to produce from fifteen to twenty distinct patterns that could be combined in a number of different.4. The word “fashion” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.A. maintainB. organizeC. tradeD. create5. What is the author's main point in paragraph 2?A. The neighbors of the Pomo people tried to improve on the Pomo basket weaving techniques.B. The Pomo people were the most skilled basket weavers in their region.C. The Pomo people learned their basket weaving techniques from other Native Americans.D. The Pomo baskets have been handed down for generations.6. According to the passage, the relationship between red-bud and twining is most similar to the relationship between ______.A. bullrush and coilingB. weft and warpC. willow and feathersD. sedge and weaving7. Which of the following statements about Pomo baskets can be best inferred from the passage?A. Baskets produced by other Native Americans were less varied in design than those of the Pomo.B. Baskets produced by Pomo weaves were primarily for ceremonial and religious purposes.C. There were a very limited number of basket-making materials available to the Pomo people.D. The basket-making production of the Pomo people has been increasing over the years.CScientists have recently discovered thatAndean condors (秀鹫)— some of the world’s largest birds——barely flap their wings at all while flying. Instead, they use rising air currents to remain in the air for hours.The Andean condor is the world’s largest soaring bird. They can weigh up to 15 kilograms. Their wings, when spread out, measure up to three meters. Their main food source is the meat of large animals which have died. Soaring high in the sky allows condors to easily spot possible meals on the ground.Scientists worked together to study the flight patterns of these huge birds and how much effort the birds use when flying. To study the birds while they were in the sky, the researchers attached special devices which could record every beat of their wings.The scientists learned that most of the condors’ flapping— over 75%— came when the birds were taking off. Once in the sky, the birds flew for very long periods of time without flapping at all. In fact, they only flapped their wings for 1% of the time they were in the air. One bird flew for over five hours without flapping, covering nearly 117miles.Soaring without flapping is important because birds bum energy every time they flap their wings.The birds’ soaring isn’t magic. They use the fact that hot air rises to keep themselves up. As hot air rises, it often creates “thermals”— currents of warm air moving upward. The condors soar by making use of these thermals. The tricky part is finding thermals and moving between them.When birds are forced to land and take off again often, it costs them a lot of energy. The researchers learned that to avoid having to land, the condors did most of their non-take-off flapping when they were closer to the ground and looking for a new thermal.The scientists reported that even though all of the condors they studied were young, they knew well how to take advantage of the air currents.8. What can we learn about the Andean condor from the text?A. They live mairly on small animals.B. Their wingspan is at least three meters.C. They rely on hot air to remain high in the sky.D. They are the birds with the strongest flying ability.9. Why was the equipment tied to the birds?A. To measure how far they could fly without flapping.B. To keep track of how often they flapped while flying.C. To calculate the energy required for their flight.D. To confirm their flight patterns.10. Which of the following acts consumes the most energy for a condor?A. Hunting for food.B. Flying in the sky.C. Getting off the ground.D. Landing on the ground.11. What can we infer from the text?A. Condors flap the most when looking for a new thermal.B. No condor can fly for more than five hours without flapping.C. Condors don’t need to look for thermals when soaring in the sky.D. Soaring by using thermals is probably a natural ability of condors.DYour best friend that follows you around when the sun comes out - your shadow - doesn’t serve an important function like your heart or brain, but what if you could use shadows to create electricity? When using solar panels (电池板) that are powered by light, shadows can be boring because it means electricity can’t be created. However,researchers from the National University of Singapore have engineered a way to create power from the shadows present everywhere.A team of the university created a machine that can collect energy from shadows. It is created by placing a thin coating of gold onto silicon (硅). Like in a normal solar panel, when put in light, the silicon electrons (电子) become energized and the energized electrons then jump from the silicon to the gold. The voltage (电压) of the part of the machine that is placed in the light increases to the dark part and the electrons in the machine flow from high to low voltage. They are sent through an external circuit (外电路) creating a current that can be used to power another machine. The greater the contrast between light and dark, more energy is provided by the machine.The team isworking on improving the performance of the machine, borrowing approaches from solar panels to gather light. Increasing the amount of light the machines can receive allows them to better make use of shadows, as well as developing shadow energy collecting panels that can successfully gather from indoor lighting. The team is also researching the use of other materials other than gold to drop the price of the machine, meaning they would be more cost effective and easier to apply in society.Shadows are present everywhere and perhaps one day in the future we will be able to collect energy from them by placing the shadow-effect energy machine around the world in places that have been considered unfit for solar panels to work, or indoors. “A lot of people think that shadows are useless,” Tan says, but “anything can be useful, even shadows.”12. What is Paragraph 1 mainly about?A. Your best friend always stays with you after the sunrise.B. The shadow has the same function as the heart and brain.C. Shadows can stop solar panels from creating electricity.D. Researchers have found a way to create power from shadows.13. What is the key working principle of the machine mentioned in the text?A. The silicon produces electricity when it is in the light.B. The gold produces power with the help of the silicon.C. The energized electrons flow from high to low voltage.D. An external circuit creates current using another machine.14. How does the team improve the performance of the machine?A. Using solar panels in the machine.B. Increasing the amount of light received.C. Developing light energy collecting panels.D. Bringing down the price of gold.15. Which of the following is the best place to apply the machine?A. A gym.B. A park.C. A farm.D. A playground.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020 上海长宁、嘉定、金山高三英语一模试卷附答案Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A Grateful PatientI took a job as a receptionist for a vet (兽医) almost five decades ago. As an enthusiastic animal lover, I accepted the position on the condition (21) ___________________________________ U wouldn ' t have to assist any wounded animals. I didn ' t have the courage (22) ____________ (watch) any creature in pain.At the end of my first week, we were closing the office for the day (23) ______ a young manran up to us holding a severely injured Doberman puppy (杜宾幼犬) in his arms and begging us to save his life. The four -month -old puppy had been hit by a car.The doctor and I ran back into the operating room. The only place (24) ______ the skin wasstill attached to his poor little body was around one shoulder. The vet worked tirelessly for what seemed like hours, (25) _______________________________ (sew) him back together again. That was the easy part. Thepuppy had broken multiple bones, including his back. (26) ______ __________ he survived the nextfew days, we were quite sure he would never walk again.The day forever changed my life. I became the vet ' s assistant in all things medical. One of myfirst jobs was to give that Doberman puppy daily physical therapy. Weeks went by until one day he finally recovered.Fast - forward about a year. I walked into the clinic ' s (27) ___________ (crowed) waiting room and called the name of the next client. Suddenly, a huge Doberman ran toward me. I found (28) pinned against the wall with this magnificent dog standing on his back legs, his front paws(爪子) on my shoulders, washing my face with plentiful and joyful kisses!I still tear up in amazement (29) _______ the display of love and gratitude the dog had for methat day all those years ago. I went on to be a vet technician for 14 years, and since retirement, I have volunteered at a no-kill animal shelter. In all the time that has passed and all the experiences I have had, I ' ve never met a dog who didn ' t know that it (30) (rescue) in one way oranother. Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Marketing the MoonAn astronaut, a little hop and a witty quote: Neil Armstrong (月球的)' sf ofiorstst tleupn aisrdeep-rooted in the minds of all humankind. But that first moon landing might not have been such a(n) __31__ moment if it weren ' t for NASA ' s clever PR (Public Relations) team.Richard Jurek is a marketing __32__ and co -author of the book marketing the Moon: The Selling of the Apollo Lunar Program. He says NASA '-tsi m eo, voep teon r ecoaml municationmade the 1969 Apollo 11 landing “ the first positive viral event that __33__ the world ' s attention.Before NASA was established in 1958, rockets were the military ' s territory; that secretiveness carried over into the space agency ' s early days. At first, NASA“ foflilroew iend t hae tail rule, ”only ___34___ a rocket ' s launch when it was successfully in the air. But as the agency evolved, itstarted announcing more details about the Apollo program. It ___35___its astronauts, talked openly about mission goals and challenges, and shared launch times so people could watch. “ If it had been run like it was under the military, Jurek says, “ w”e would not have had that sense of drama, that sense of involvement, that sense of wonder, that ___36___. Instead, all the PR and” press promotion in the years ahead of Apollo 11 brought the human spaceflight program into people ' s living rooms and imaginations.As the drama neared its peak, NASA ' s PR officials pushed for live TV broadcasts of the firsthumans to walk on the moon. Not everyone thought it was a good idea. The technology for live lunar broadcasts, and cameras small enough to keep the cargo ___37___, didn ' t exist at the poin Some engineers worried that developing that equipment would ___38___ from efforts to achieve the landing itself. But NASA ' s communications team argued that telling the story was as vital asthe ___39___ itself. Live TV would bring the American people -- and international viewers -along for the ride.Come landing day, which ___40___ fell on a Sunday, more than half a billion people worldwide crowded around TVs and radios for the historic moment. “ We were able to come together and do something that was exciting and interesting and brought the world together, says David Meerman Scott, marketing strategist and co -author of Marketing the Moon. “I don 't know that we ' ve done anything like that since. ”Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Ancient creatures likely evolved the stress response to better escape from hunters. But today its causes include traffic, deadlines and first dates. According to a 2018 American Psychological Association survey of more than 3,000 people, the top ___41___ are work, money, the economy and health.Although everyone faces stress, people react to it ___42___. “ There ' s the situation, how we ___43___ the situation, and then our skills at handling the situation, says psychologist William” Lovallo of the University of Oklahoma. 44 experiences help us assess appropriateresponses, so most people improve with age. “ A high school student or a college student might not have those ___45___ skills and might let a situation get out of hand, he adds. ”Most ___46___have normal stress responses, regulated to give the right burst of hormones （激素）and bodily changes for a particular stressor. But others always over -or under-react, which may be a warning sign for physical or mental ___47___. To study this, scientists often monitor cortisol （皮质醇）or heart rate variations throughout the day and during trying tasks.____ 48___, the intensity of these responses seems to be set from a young age. Studies have shown that people who experienced childhood hardships -- including physical punishment and a（n） ___49___ home -- are more likely to have quiet stress reactions as adults. For example, as part of a study published in 2012, Lovallo exposed 354 participants to moderate stress. People who self-reported early -life ___50___ actually had lower heart rates and cortisol levels than otherparticipants. While the study tasks were not important, the individuals under-reactions suggest ' their stress response may also have trouble ___51___ when it really matters. It can be just as ___52___ as an extreme response. Other research has found links between childhood conflict, abnormally low adult stress and substance misuse. Though the biology is not fully understood, it suggested that early - life neglect or suffering ___53___ the body 's stress pathways.Even before birth, a child can ___54___ parental stress. The phenomenon is well - demonstrated in rats and mice, and some papers have shown the same association ___55___. For example, babies born to mothers who survived the 9/11 attacks all had how cortisol levels.41. A. stressors B. responses C. secretes D. concerns42. A. appropriately B. differently C. normally D. mentally43. A. improve B. influence C. describe D. evaluate44. A. Valuable B. Professional C. Previous D. Constant45. A. coping B. living C. learning D. acting46. A. adults B. researchers C. students D. monitors47. A. functions B. disorders C. variations D. abilities48. A. By the way B. In some cases C. On the contrary D. As a result49. A. independent B. distinguished C. unstable D. extended50. A. education B. experience C. involvement D. difficulty51. A. racing up B. showing up C. taking up D. keeping up52. A. impressive B. insignificant C. positive D. unhealthy53. A. smooths B. follows C. dulls D. destroys54. A. endure B. relieve C. increase D. inherit55. A. between animals B. in humans C. with society D. ofimportanceSection BDirections: Read the following three passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)I live in a second - floor flat with an ancient tree right on the corner of the house. House and tree have been here, side by side, for well over a century. No one really knows how old the tree is, but it was already there when builders started on the house at the beginning of the 1900s.It was still rather young and flexible back then, so it easily welcomed the new structure into its path. it bent and adjusted itself to make room, and to find the space to grow big and strong and wise. Which means that some hundred years later, the solid, strong branches of the tree reach around two full sides of my home. It ' s c(ove苔re藓d )in ,m wahsicsh is, in turn, crawling with allsorts of inseets. I have never seen the insects, by the way, I just know that they ' re there all the birds trying to pick them out. They are always hopping around, looking for this and that and singing songs.I feel like I have become part of the ecosystem. When I ' m eating breakfast or making dinner in the kitchen, I can look out and see a bird hopping around skillfully, gathering its own meal while I tend to mine. When I ' m sitting in the living room, reading or drinking tea, I can suddenly findmyself face to face with another bird. We ' ll be staring at each other and, after some time, decidewe can both carry on with our business. Living side by side. Even as I write this -- the largewindows open to a lovely, soft evening -- a white feather comes floating down by my side. Probably from one of the resident pigeons.As I don ' t have the luxury of a garden, this tree makes me fell connected to the outdoors. Such an ancient tree, a tree that is itself home to many other creatures -- that feels different. It is as if it has adopted me and made me a part of its world, without ever asking for something in return. But if needs be, I know that it can count on me and I will protect it with all my strength.56.The flat that author lives in is __________ .A.built in an ancient treeB. hugged by a giant treeC. decorated with branchesD. surrounded by a garden57.In the author ' s description, she implies that ____________ .A.birds keep her warm companyB. she has been living on tree productsC. moss makes her flat nice and coolD. she has been bothered by the insects58.What does the author really treasure?A. A close - to - nature life.B. A luxurious garden.C. A spacious house.D. A sociable neighbor.59.Which of the following can be used to express the author ' s feeling?A.Jealous.B. Inferior.C. Content.D. Passionate.(B)The Sleep of Your DreamsAccording to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a third of us don enough shut-eye. Ourcollective tiredness has promoted a $41 billion market for devicespromising more -- and higher - quality -- sleep. In my everlasting search for downtime, I tested some of the most promising ones. Here ' s how they stacked up.t get nearEight sleep tracker $299This mattress(床垫) topper fits under a sheet and “ turns any bed into a smart bed, ”according to Eight. While I slept, the sensor - decorated pad gathered data like heart rate, periods of deepest sleep, and number of turns. It was easy to use, and I liked the warming feature, which let me set each side of the bed to a different temperature.REM Score :8 (out of 10) Dream -pad pillow $149 and upThe Dream - pad uses smooth soundscapes to help you power down. Connect the device to your phone via Bluetooth or USB, and the pillow emits soft music, audible only to you as you lay your head down. There are ten tracks on offer. I didn 'dtr ift off any faster with the Dream-pad, but it did help me fall back asleep when I woke up at night. REM Score: 6Smart Nora Wireless Snoring Solution Nightingale Smart Home Sleep System $299 $149My eight- hour restful happiness is frequently interrupted by my husband ' snoring. The Smart Nora relieves me of the need to push him. When the bedside audio sensor detects a breathing disturbance, itThe Nightingale is hi - tech. Two app - se nabled units wrap the room in a blanket of warm sound. You can also program the system to provide weather and traffic informationwhen you wake up. The onlyslowly blows up the offender s pillow ,d goewnntlsyi de:in standby mode, it emits a faint60.By “ how they stacked upin par”agraph 1, the author probably means “ how they __________ .A. make sense to manufacturersB. get stuck in storesC. are compared with each otherD. are piled up together.61.Which of the following devices favourably reacts to users?A. Dream -pad pillowB. Eight sleep trackerC. Smart Nora Wireless Snoring SolutionD. Nightingale Smart Home Sleep System62.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. The Eight keeps the entire bed at the same temperature.B.The Nightingale is an economical but perfect device.C.Soft music is applied to all these four devices.D.One in three people suffer from sleep problem.(C)An epidemic is the occurrence of a disease which affects a very large number of people living in an area and which spreads quickly to other people. Like infectious diseases, ideas in the academic world are spreadable. But way some travel far and wide while equally good ones remain in relative insignificance has been a mystery. Now a team of computer scientists has used an epidemiological model to imitate how ideas move from one academic institution to another. The model showed that ideas originating at famous institutions caused bigger “ epidemicstha”n equally good ideas from less well -known places, explains Allison Morgan, a computer scientist at the University of Colorado Boulder and lead author of the new study. “ This implies that where an idea is born shapes how far it spreads, holding the quality of the idea constant. says senior author Aaron Clauset, also at Boulder.Not only is this unfair -- “ it reveals a big weakness in how we ' re dosianygs sSciimenocne ,DeDeo, a professor of social and decision sciences at Carnegie Mellon University, who was not involved in the study. There are many highly trained people with good ideas who do not end up at top institutions. “ They are producing good ideas, and we know those ideas are getting lost, D”eDeo says. “ Our science, our scholarship, is not as good because of this.The Colorado researchers analyzed an existing data set of computer science department hires in North America, as well as a database of publications by these hires. First they looked at how five big ideas in computer science spread to new institutions. They found that hiring a new member accounted for this movement a little more than a third of the time -- and in 81 percent of those cases, transfers took place from higher- to lower -status universities. Then the team imitated the broadcasting of ideas using an infectious disease model and found that the size of an idea “ epidemic (a”s measured by the number of institutions that published studies on an idea after it originated) depended on the status of the originating institution. The findings were published online last October in EPJ Data Science.The researchers mo'del suggests that there “ may be a number of quite good ideas thatoriginate in the middle of the pack, in terms of universities, Clauset says. DeDeo a”grees. There is a lot of good work coming out of less famous places, he says: “ You can learn a huge amount from it, and you can learn things that other people don ' t know because they ' re not even paying attention. ”63.The word “ this in” paragraph 2 refers to the fact that ________ .A. the time when good ideas were born decides how far they may spreadB.the quality of the original ideas tends to be not easy to maintainC.good ideas from less important institutions lack influenceD.scholars in insignificant institutions consider their ideas valueless64.The case of some hires in paragraph 3 is used to indicate _________ .A. the statistics the epidemological model provides for the researchersB.why the originating institutions transfer their new findingsC.how they carry the ideas from lower - to higher - status institutionsD. the way the movements of some new ideas happen and their effects65.Researchers such as Clauset are very much concerned about __________ .A. losing quite a number of great and creative thoughtsB.missing the opportunities of getting more well -knownC.misusing the epidemiological model in scientific research areasD.having difficulty in finding more proper science department hires66.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Infectious DiseasesB. Original IdeasC. Idea EpidemicD. Epidemiological ModelSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. So we try to push back the tide and keep up by multi - tasking.B.No wonder people say they ' re too busy to see friends, exercise or sleep.C.Would it surprise you to hear that we have more leisure time today than ever?D. How can we learn to spend time in a way that ' s more likely to lead to happiness andsuccess?E.It ' s something that economist have been puzzling over and they ' ve identified several reasons.F.Then you will have fewer empty experiences and far ore that are worthy of your precious time.The Fullness of TimeMost of us think we have very little time, but the truth is we actually have a lot - on average, five hours 49 minutes each day, which means we typically have somewhere between 36 and 40 hours available to be spent every week however we want. So why don - ric'h? t we feel time________ 67 _______One is that we earn more, so time feels more expensive. Then there ' s the way we ' ve com see busyness as a status symbol: important people are busy, so we want to be busy, too. Add to that the flood of incoming emails and texts, along with the endless ocean of possibilities, and it to see where time goes.A second factor is the comparison we make between what we can do and what others aredoing, making us anxious. ______ 68 _______ This fools us into thinking we ' re being more productive with our work time, so we try to do it with our leisure time, too. When we ' re p with out kids, we check Facebook. When we ' re hanging out with one group of friends, we postpictures to show another. This is something sociologists call ‘ polluted time '.We' re also addicted to our devices. In 2007, the amount of leisure time we spent on devices like smart -phones could be measured in minutes. Now, we spend on average 3.5 hours a day online. 69You might be wondering why you need help deciding how to spend your free time -- after all you know the sort of things you enjoy, so what could be so difficult? Psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi has a surprising opinion on it. “ The popular assumption is that no skills are involved in enjoying free time, anybody can do it. Yet the evidence suggests the opposite; free time is more difficult to enjoy than work. Worryingly, sc”ientists have found that people are often no happier after a holiday than if they ' d never taken one. ________ 70 _______ The question stillremains unsettled.Ⅱ.Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Cryptocurrency (加密货币)Making payments online is very easy these days if you have a credit card or a bank card that used a payment network. Sending money online to a friend, you have to use a payment service like Google Pay or PayPal, or make a bank transfer. However, there is usually a significant delay before the receiver can use the money, and transfers can have sizeable fees.In 2008, a group of people published a paper describing a process that would use crypto -graph (密码学) to create a secure electronic cash system, known as a cryptocurrency. Person - to - person payments could be made online using a shared network of computers instead of a bank or other financial organization. Each transaction could happen very quickly. The shared network of computers would also serve as the means to confirm those transactions safely. Getting rid of the need for a centralized banking system would open up the possibility for anyone to become part of the digital economy.Today, there are over a thousand different cryptocurrencies. Most are still trying to be valid global payment systems like Bitcoin. They are held back by problems affecting the entire cryptocurrency industry. One issue is weak security on cryptocurrency websites where users either store their electronic cash. The websites are struggling to protect their users from such thefts.Another problem is the large number of false cryptocurrencies advertised on the Internet. The advertisements invite Internet users to visit websites offering new cryptocurrencies. Many visitors are persuaded to buy their cryptocurrencies using actual money. Later, the websites disappear along with the victims money'. In response to this problem, companies like Facebook and Google are limiting cryptocurrency advertising on their websites.Ⅱ. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.我真的应该为自己失礼的行为向你道歉。

2019学年度嘉定区高三年级第一次质量调研英语试卷（满分140分考试时间120分钟）I. Listening ComprehensionSection A （10分）Directions:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the endof each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, readthe four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the questionyou have heard.1. A. Terrific. B. Tough. C. Exciting.D. Well-paid.2. A. Have her parents live on campus.B. Call local hotels again in a few days.C. Phone the Cliffside Inn for a reservation.D. Ask her parents to come on another weekend.3. A. Put on a coat at once. B. Exchange the tickets.C. Take care of his cold.D. Watch the game at home.4. A. She has to post a letter instead. B. She can’t send the message right now.C. She’s not sure if the computer is fixed.D. She has to turn down the man’s request.5. A. The book is much too long. B. He hasn’t read the book yet.C. He seldom reads such a book.D. The book is very interesting.6. A. He has already seen the film. B. He is unlikely to go to the cinema.C. He has just recovered from the flu.D. He doesn’t think highly of the film.7. A. Think about getting a job at another place. B. Find a suitable job to work happily.C. Sign up for more than one journalism class.D. Call the news agency about the job.8. A. She wishes she had seen the play.B. The scenery could have been more realistic.C. The makeup wasn’t as good as the scenery.1D. The actors should have worn ancient makeup.9. A. She contacts her parents occasionally.B. She phones her parents regularly at weekends.C. She visits her parents when the fares are down.D. She often calls her parents regardless of the rate.10. A. They cannot finish the assignment until Thursday.B. They have plenty of time to work on the assignment.C. The assignment looks easy but actually quite difficult.D. The assignment is difficult for them to complete on time.Section B （15分）Directions:In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversationwill be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. How to share responsibilities. B. How to motivate themselves.C. How to respond to challenges.D. How to code computer games.12. A. They don’t receive grades. B. They don’t have to take exams.C. They can do whatever they like.D. They must study math and English.13. A. More schools are trying the creative approach to teaching.B. More students are being sent to hike across the Alps.C. More teenagers are coming to study at the school.D. More teachers are designing “challenge” projects.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To take photos for an investigation.B. To pursue his hobby of photography.2C. To recover from an illness and gain health.D. To further his interest in the American West.15. A. Walter Smith began to study Blackfoot culture as a part-time job.B. The Blackfoot community was a great attraction to other Americans.C. Walter Smith was devoted to protecting and spreading Blackfoot culture.D. The Blackfoot officially received its name for the color of their footwear.-long dream to enter the Blackfoot world.16. A. Walter Smith’s lifeB. Walter Smith’s efforts to save an endangered culture.C. Walter Smith’s journey to Blackfoot’s community.D. The precious pictures of the Blackfoot Indians.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Talking about the latest movies freely online. B. Watching movies on the bigtheatre screens.C. Watching movies with her best friends.D. Seeing new movies onweekends.18. A. Because he wants to save money and snacks as well.B. Because he can avoid being influenced by spoilers (剧透).C. Because he wants to interact freely while watching movies.D. Because action movies shown at the theatre have the similar plot.19. A. They enjoy watching superhero movies.B. They like sharing the latest movies online.C. They appreciate interacting freely with friends.D. They are fond of guessing the plot of new movies.20. A. Watch the new movie with the woman on DVD.B. Wait to be informed about the contents of the movie.C. Watch the superhero movie when the DVD comes out.D. Rent the cheapest DVD to watch whatever movies available.II. Grammar and Vocabulary3Section A （10分）Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.This is where my kids grew upFor years now, I’ve beenwanting to sell our home, the place where my husband and I raisedour kids. But to me, this house is more than just a building. In the front room, there’s a has hundreds of pencil lines.Every growth stage (21)__________(mark) in pencils, with eachchild’s name and the date.Of all the objects and all the memories, it’s this one thing in ahome that’s(22)__________(hard) to leave behind. Our kids grow in so manyways, but the wall is physical evidence of their progress. Friends Iknow have visited their previous home only (23)__________(discover)their wall of heights has been freshly painted over. Over the years,I’ve talked about how much I would hate leaving that wall behindwhen I moved, (24)______ ______ the last marks were made 10 years ago when my kids stoppedgrowing. So one day, while I was at work, my children decided to do (25)__________ about it.They hired Jacquie Manning, a professional photographer (26)__________ work is aboutcapturing the beautiful things in life. She came to our house while I was at work, and over severalhours, (27)__________(take) photos of the hundreds of drawings and lines, little grey fingerprints,and old marks. Somehow, she managed to photograph (28)__________ we had experienced in allthose years. Afterwards, she put all the photos together into one image, (29)__________(transform)them into a beautiful history of my family.Three weeks later, my children’s wonderful gift made its way to me —(30)__________ life-sizephoto of the pencil lines and fingerprints that represents entire lifetimes of love and growth.Section B （10分）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box.Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.A. emphasizesB. principleC. enormousD. helpingE. energizedF. activeG. increased H. absorbing I. benefits J. analyzed K. temperateEmphasizing social play in kindergarten improves academicsEmphasizing social play and students helping one another in kindergarten improves academicoutcomes, self-control and attention regulation, finds new UBC research. The study, published inthe journal PLoS One, found this approach to kindergarten curriculum also ____31____children’sjoy in learning and teachers’ enjoyment of teaching.4“Before children have the ability to sit for long periods ____32____information, they need tobe allowed to be ____33____and be encouraged to learn by doing,” said Dr. Adele Diamond, thepeople of all ages learn better by doing than by being told.”study’s lead author. “Indeed,Through a controlled experiment, Diamond and her colleagues ____34____the effectiveness ofa curriculum called Tools of the Mind (Tools). The curriculum was introduced to willing kindergartenteachers and 351 children with different backgrounds in 18 public schools.Tools was developed in 1993 by two American researchers. Its basic ____35____is that social-emotional development and improving self-control is as important as teaching academic skills andcontent. The Tools ____36____ the role of social play in developing skills such as self-control,self-control and selective attention are necessary forselective attention and planning. “Skills likelearning. They are often more strongly associated with school readiness (入学准备) thanintelligence quotient (IQ),” said Diamond. “This experiment is the first to show ____37____ of a curriculum emphasizing social play.”Teachers reported more ____38____ behavior and greater sense of community in Tools classes. Late in theschool year, Tools teachers reported they still felt ____39____ and excited about teaching, while teachers in thecontrol group were exhausted. “I have enjoyed seeing the ____40____ progress my students have made in writing said a Tools teacher in Vancouver. “I have also enjoyed seeing the students get so excited aboutand reading.”　school,coming to school and learning. They loved all the activities so much that many students didn’t w even if they were sick.”III. Reading ComprehensionSection A （15分）Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In product design, imagining users’ feelings leads to more original outcomes Researchers find that in new product design, connecting with users’ heart, rather than th head, can lead to more original and creative outcomes.-term success. Thus, Developing original and 41 products is critical to a company’s longunderstanding what influences originality can have important and potentially 42 consequencesfor businesses. Ravi Mehta, a professor of business administration, shows that adopting a(n) 43that imagines how the user would feel while using a product leads designers to experience greaterempathy（同感）, which 44 creativity and, in turn, outcome originality for new product design.There are two ways that the product designer can 45 the consumer’s product usage. Onefocuses on objective use of the product—how consumers might use the product, that is, anfeelings—how the product makes the“objective –imagination” approach. The other focuses on-imagination” approach.consumer feel, a “feelingsConsumers always want to have new products that solve problems more efficiently and at aless cost. So product designers 46 this trap of being very objective in focusing on the use of a5product. That’s important, but the47 of usage can only attract consumers in some ways. 48 ,the feelings-imagination approach leads designers to experience greater empathy, which makesThis leads to greater outcome originality. Mehta said,them more 49 to the consumers’ ideas.“when you imagine consumers and focus on their feelings, that’s powerful and will lead toshowssomething much more innovative than only focusing on a product’s usage.” The research that a feelings-based approach is 50 to the commonly used objective-based approach, theresearchers wrote. It not only helps product designers build a better product, but it also helps themcreate more innovative products.The implications of the findings extend to everyday consumers, who now play a role in shaping51 consumers for new product ideas.”companies’ design. Mehta said, “Marketers are increasingly52 , there was a very successful campaign a few years ago that focused on getting consumers tocreate a new potato chip flavor.The experiments demonstrated a 53 effect of adopting a feelings-imagination approach.That suggests that these designers may 54 imagining users’ feelings. In this way, designers can develop products that could 55 to the masses. Companies can easily adopt this process andpromote feelings-imagination exercises through their websites or social media.41. A. primary B. innovative C. naturalD. domestic42. A. temporary B. slight C. indefiniteD. profitable43. A. policy B. proposal C. approachD. standard44. A. enhances B. exhibits C. illustratesD. explores45. A. recommend B. extend C. exploitD. imagine46. A. fall apart B. figure out C. fall intoD. turn into47. A. originality B. objectivity C. creativityD. flexibility48. A. In conclusion B. In addition C. As a resultD. By contrast49. A. open B. harmful C. resistantD. equal50. A. evident B. superior C. relevantD. alert51. A. joining in B. applying to C. turning to D.taking in52. A. In reality B. In other words C. What’s more D.For example53. A. dramatic B. positive C. negative6D. serious54. A. depend on B. benefit from C. contribute to D. involve in55. A. appeal B. refer C. adaptD. commitSection B （22分）Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)When she was ten years old, Isadora Duncan dropped out of school to teach people dance. Ifthat job was left to any other ten-year-old, it would have turned out frustrating, difficult, and a littlediscouraging.But Duncan was different. Not only was she already talented enough toearn money even at that age, but she also had a rare kind of confidence thathelped her treat troubles as fuel—something to elevate the fire that isalready burning inside of her.It’s no surprise, then, that when she moved to New York to join a theatrecompany, she found herself restricted. The existing dancing style, their way ofoperating—all of this seemed to her the work of a misguided past. Duncan wasvery direct about what she wanted, confidently telling people she had adifferent vision of dance that she was going to spread in the world. This,naturally, led to ridicule and laughs early on, but as she built up her work, these instances becameless frequent. Today, she is remembered as “The Mother of Dance,” with much of the modern atowing its expressive style to her influence. Inspired by the ancient Greeks, she brought the style tolife.In her autobiography (自传), one of the things Duncan frequently refers to as the basis of herexpressive spirit is the fact that she had a childhoo d where she wasn’t constantly watched. Theexpectations of her mother (who raised her) were open-ended. It was the freedom of this lifestylethat drove her to see what she could do.Growing up, before she left school, she was told one of two things: that she was eithercompletely useless or that she was a genius. There was nothing in between. Even when she startedworking, people either bowed to her or they basically ignored her. But there wasn’t on Duncan doubted her own genius.7There is an old quo tation “if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will live its wholelife believing that it is stupid.” And it captures an important truth. At school, Isadora Duncan was a failure. In the dance hall, she gave form to brilliance.56. What doe s the underlined phrase “treat troubles as fuel” mean?A. Duncan used troubles to push her forward towards her dream.B. Duncan was good at burning away everyday troubles.C. Troubles turned Duncan into a confident girl.D. Troubles lit the fire of dancing in Duncan.57. Which of the following is TRUE about Duncan?A. Her experience in New York was the foundation of her career.B. Her teaching job when she was little destroyed her confidence.C. Her dancing style was not very well received at the beginning.D. Her mother set higher expectation on her than she could bear.58. What does the author try to tell the readers in the last paragraph?A. It is useless climbing a tree to catch fish.B. Everybody is a genius in his own way.C. Miseries come from human stupidity.D. Teachers can impact students greatly.59. What is this passage mainly about?A. Isadora Duncan’s childhood and her achievements today.B. Duncan’s career development and other dancers’ opinions of her.C. Isadora Duncan’s early experiences and the reasons for her success.D. Duncan’s high status in the dancing world and her unique expressive style.(B)Taking your pulse during physical activity allows you to measure how hard you are exercising.You should exercise to stay within your target heart range.89Increasing your heart rate is a key part of exercise, but it is important that your heart rate is not too high or too low. If you are a beginner, you should also be able to breathe comfortably while exercising. This will ensure that you are exercising at a level that is safe and effective for your body.The chart below illustrates target heart rate ranges for exercise based on the maximal heart rate for selected ages. Here are the steps for using the chart:? If you are doing moderate exercise ,your heart rate should be closer to the 50%range. ? If you are doing vigorous exercise , your heart rate should be closer to the 85% range. ? Try to stay in the 50–85% range when exercising by increasing or decreasing exercise intensity.Measure your exercise heart rate inbeats per minute (BPM).Look at the chart.- Find your age. If your age falls betweenthe ages listed, round up to the next olderage listed.- Compare your heart rate to the targetexercise range. ? Use your index finger (食指) and middle finger. Don ’t use your thumb (拇指) —it has a pulseof its own. ? Place these two fingers on your wrist, just below the base of the thumb.? Count the number of beats (pulses) for 15 seconds.60. Which of the following is TRUE?A. Exercise intensity can be reflected by a person’s heart rate.B. The faster your heart rate is, the more effective the exercise is.C. Vigorous exercise will definitely present a threat to people’s safety.D. The target exercise heart rate range for a 45-year-old is 90–149 BPM.1061. A 34-year-old man is running and the number of pulses he takes for 15 secondsis 40.His fitness coach had better tell him _____________.A. “You are doing fine.”B. “You can run faster.”C. “You should slow down a bit.”D. “You should drink somewater.”62. What is the purpose of this passage?A. To advise people to form a habit of taking their pulses while exercising.B. To inform people of the target heart rate zone for those aged 60 and under.C. To tell people the importance of maintaining moderate amount of exercise.D. To show people how to measure heart rate to keep proper exercise intensity.(C)A tiny clue found in ancient deposits has unlocked big secrets about Greenlandpast and future climate. Just beyond the northwest edge of the vast Greenland IceSheet, researchers have discovered lake mud that have survived the last ice age.The mud, and remains of common flies in it, record two interglacial periods（间冰期）in northwest Greenland.Although researchers have long known these two periods—the early Holoceneand Last Interglacial—experienced warming in the Arctic, the mix of fly speciesshows that Greenland was even warmer than previously thought. “As far as we know,it has never been found in Greenland. We think this is the first time anyone hasreported it in ancient deposits or modern lakes there,” Axford said. “We were re surprised to see how far north it migrated (迁徙).”This new information could help researchers better measure Greenland’s sensitivity to warming, by testing and improving models of climate and ice sheetbehaviour. Those models could then improve predictions of how Greenland’s ice sheet might respond to man-made global warming. After all, Greenland covers 80per cent of the Arctic country and holds enough ice to equal 20 feet of global sealevel. “Northwest Greenland might feel really remote, but what happens to that icesheet is going to matter to everyone in every coastal city around the world,” saidYarrow Axford, an associate professor in the team. “One of the big uncertainties in climate science is how fast the Earth changes when it gets warmer. Geology gives usan opportunity to see what happened when t he Earth was warmer than today,” saidAxford.People might be surprised to see how today’s Greenland looked during the last two interglacial periods. During the Last Interglacial, global sea levels increased by15 to 30 feet, largely due to thinning of Gre enland and Antarctica’s ice sheets. However, now researchers believe northern Greenland’s ice sheet experienced stronger warming than previously thought, which could mean that Greenland is moreresponsible for that sea-level rise.Finding lake deposits older than about 10,000 years, however, has beenhistorically very difficult in Greenland. To measure these ancient temperatures,researchers look to ice cores (冰核) and lake deposits. Since ice and lake depositsform by a gradual buildup on annual layers of snow or mud, these cores containhistory of the past. By looking through the layers, researchers can obtain climateclues from centuries ago.63.Why are the remains of flies mentioned in the first two paragraphs?A. They serve as evidence that there is still life in the Northwest Greenland.B. They were one of the many ancient lives that were left in the Greenland mud.C. They are indicators that Greenland was much warmer than previously thought.D. They help the researchers realize that there was once a warm period in the Arctic.64.The new information about Greenland is important because______________.A. researchers have no idea how to measure Greenland’s warming speedB. it can help researchers better predict Greenland’s response to warmingC. people should be more sensitive to the changes in the ice in GreenlandD. it is uncertain how fast the Earth changes with man-made global warming65.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. It is easier for today’s scientists to find ancient lake deposits.B. People are surprised at the landscape feature of Greenland today.C. Researchers measure the changing temperatures by directly examining mud.D. Greenland holds enough ice that might one day threaten life in coastal cities.66.Which do you think is the best title of the passage?A. Greenland Used to Be Much GreenerB. Earth Once Experienced Warm PeriodsC. Coastal Cities Warned of Coming DisastersD. Northwest Greenland, A Perfect DestinationSection C （8分）Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentencegiven in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are twomore sentences than you need.South Africa still has a long way to go on the right to foodA. As a result, questions of hunger are largely absent in South African politics.B. Handling food injustice requires a transformation of the undesirable structure ofthe food system.C. Therefore, the government has put forward numerous food and nutrition securityprograms to fight against hunger.D. This means that smaller scale producers, processors and retailers are squeezedout.E. Hunger, lack of nutrition and related illnesses are not equally spread.F. There are international examples of governments taking their obligationsseriously with regard to the right to food.Fifty-four percent of South Africans are hungry or at risk of hunger. Hungerability to live full and productive lives because affects people’s health, as well as theirthe rights to dignity, health and education are affected by hunger.______67_____ There are significant race, class and gender differences. For example, black South Africans are 22 times more likely to be food insecure compared with white South Africans. Food insecurity is defined as not having physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe,and nutritious food that meets dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.This unequal distribution indicates a situation of severe food injustice in South Africa. Yetfrom the research with urban farmers it’s clear that people do not know of the right to food, and don’t see unequal access to nutritious food as an injustice. ______68_____While there are frequent protests around access to jobs, education, housing, water and electricity, we rarely, if ever, see protests about access to food.One of the drivers of unequal access to food is the way in which the industrial food system works. For example, a few large companies dominate each aspect of the food value chain. ______69_____Because the large companies dominate the supply chain, they are able to maximize profits at the expense of small-scale producers, to whom they pay very low prices.______70_____It needs to ensure that marginalized producers, processors and retailers have an opportunity to earn a decent living. At the same time corporate dominance needs to be addressed.Anyway, at the most basic level, it requires that South Africans know they have a right tofood in the first place.IV. Summary writing （10分）71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Most of us — even those at the top — struggle with public-speaking anxiety.When I ask my clients what makes them nervous, invariably they respond with thesame answers: “I don’t like being watched”, “I don’t like the eyes on me” o like being in the spotlight”.To understand why, we need to go way back to prehistoric times, when humansregarded eyes watching us as an existential threat. Those eyes were likely predators(肉食动物) and people were terrified of being eaten alive. The bad news is that ourbrains have transferred the ancient fear of being watched into public speaking. Inother words, public-speaking anxiety is in our DNA.Fortunately, there is a solution: human generosity. The key to disarming ourpanic button is to turn the focus away from ourselves and toward helping theaudience. Studies have shown that an increase in generosity indeed leads to adecrease in amygdala (扁桃腺) activity, which is responsible for our panic feeling inthe brain. When we are kind to others, we overcome the sense of being under attackand start to feel less nervous.Admittedly, this is hard to do. But it’s absolutely possible to become a generous speaker. To begin with, when you start preparing for a presentation, the mistake youoften make is starting with the topic. Instead, you should start with the audience.Identify the audience’s needs, and craft a message that speaks directly to thoseneeds. Also, you are the most nervous right before you speak. This is the momentwhen your brain is telling you, “Everyone is judging me.” But it is exactly themoment when you should refocus your brain. Over time, your brain will begin to getit, and you will become less nervous.V. Translation （15分）Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given inthe brackets.72. 有些地方因污染而出现了许多奇怪的疾病。

2020年上海市嘉定区第一中学高三英语一模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AStaying-at-home proves to be effective in slowing the spread of the virus, but loneliness can be tough for many. Luckily, in the age of social media, we are never truly alone. And with the extra time spent indoors, artists are stepping up to help us all with the following clubs.Drawing from Distance by Sarah Beth MorganLet’s shine some light during this trying time and encourage social distancing! I’m starting this tomorrow myself — but from what I offer, take whatever you please. No rules! Just have fun!Stayathome Art Club byCarsonEllisHello! I’ll be posting art homework here every weekday morning when I can. They’ll be designed for kids and grownups alike. Here is your first homework: Draw a picture of yourself from the shoulders up. You can follow some useful examples. If you want to share or see other people’s self-picture, use these hashtags: #Stayathomeartclub# QACselfportrait30-Day indoor Art by Danielle KrysaOne month of avoiding crowds? I’m in! I challenge you to use this time inside to make one piece every day from now until mid April. Please join me in playing around with some painting ideas that have been rolling around in my head but haven’t found their way onto paper yet. Stay at home, make art, save someone’s life.DIY from Illustoria MagazineWe have been so inspired to see our community come together to provide easy art projects for families during this stay-at-home-time! DIY is actually a fantastic way tosparkyour imagination without breaking a sweat. A video every day will teach you how to DIY something.1. What do we know about Sarah Beth Morgan?A. She is a strict artist.B. She aims at training more artists.C. She prefers to work at home office.D. She will provide a wide range of choices.2. What are you expected to do if you join Stayathome Art Club?A. Hand in homework every day.B. Share other people’s pictures.C. Draw a picture of yourself.D. Show up in person occasionally.3. What does “spark”in the last paragraph probably mean?A. Set off.B. Set down.C. Set aside.D. Set about.BOn September 7, 1930, Yuan Longping was born inBeijing. Fluent in English, his mother often read Friedrich Nietzsche's works to him. Influenced by his mother, Yuan Longping liked English,geography and chemistry at school. After graduating from university, he became a teacher in the countryside ofHunanin 1953.With lots of crop failures, nationwide hunger hitChinain the 1960s, making many people live a bad life. Yuan was sad and felt he must do something. Since the climate inHunanwas not friendly to growing wheat. He decided to devote himself to studying how to increase the production of rice, a basic food for over 60 percent of Chinese people. From then on, he began a lifelong connection with rice.Yuan Longping succeeded in growing the world's first high production hybrid rice (杂交水稻) variety in 1973, which could reach a yield of over 500 kg per more than 200 kg than before. For the next four decades, he continued to work on the research of hybrid rice. In 2020, hybrid rice developed by his team achieved 1,500 kg permuin two growing seasons, a new world record.Nowadays, the hybrid rice is grown in almost half ofChina's rice fields and its production accounts for 60 percent of the total rice production inChina. The hybrid rice production is 20 percent more than the common kinds , the yearly increase of which feeds up to 100 million people.In 2019, Yuan Longping, known as the “Father of hybrid rice”, was awarded with Medal of the Republic,China's highest honor.Yuan Longping's biggest dream in life was to develop more hybrid rice varieties, which could be grown all over the world to help solve the global food problem. So far, the hybrid varieties he developed have been grown in over 40 countries, including theUSA,BrazilandIndia.4. What do we know about Yuan Longping according to the text?A. He began to study hybrid rice in 1973.B. He received the highest honor inChinaat 90.C. He ever taught math in the city after graduation.D. He ever hoped Chinese would be free from hunger.5. How does the author mainly show the achievements of Yuan Longping in hybrid rice?A. By listing figures.B. By quoting reports.C. By imagining results.D. By explaining reasons.6. Which of the following best describes Yuan Longping according to the text?A. Patient and honest.B. Energetic and athletic.C. Capable and remarkable.D. Humorous and adventurous.7. What is the text mainly about?A. The life of Yuan Longping.B. The team of Yuan Longping.C. The honor of Yuan Longping.D. The education of Yuan Longping.CI waschecking out at the supermarket counter on Wednesday night, ready to pay for my bananas, when all ofa sudden, fear came upon me. My wallet was gone. And I could only have left it one place: the G9 bus, from which I had gotten off minutes earlier and which was now speeding to some stops. The moment of realizing it was gone was followed by mental math. How much time and money would it cost to replace the credit cards, the driver's license, the expensive lipstick ($ 55!).Two hours after I was back at my house, I heard a knock on the door. My husband answered while I sat in the dining room on the phone with a credit card company. "Does Jennifer live here?" I heard someone say. In her hand was my wallet, without a penny missing. She left before I could offer my gratitude to her.After I posted the story, I heard from her boyfriend, who identified the good citizen as Erin Ball, a 26-year-old girl working for a trade organization.Once I figured out her, I called to thank her. She said she spotted my wallet and thought that it's more dangerous to go to a stranger's house than leaving the wallet with the driver, but she still decided to take the chance. "If I were in that situation, I would want someone to try to find me," she said. Ball doesn't find her actions particularly excellent. She added, "It's not hard to do small things for people."After Ball found my wallet, she decided to post a picture of my driver's license online before going to my house, trying to see if anyone knew me. No sooner had she left my doorstep than I got emails from two neighbors who recognized my face, both offering to help me find my missing property.Ball found my house on a bitterly cold night,for which I was extremely grateful. Looking back, I'm not surprised someone had wanted to help a stranger. A warm current of honesty and harmony is running through this town.8. What do we know about the author according to paragraph 1?A. She missed the G9 bus.B. She paid for her bananas.C. She replaced the credit cards.D. She found she had left her wallet on the bus.9. Who helped the author find Ball?A. The G9 driver.B. The girl's boyfriend.C. The author's neighbors.D. The author's husband.10. What did Ball do first after finding the wallet?A. Ball called the author.B. Ball went to the author's house.C. Ball gave the wallet to the bus driver.D. Ball posted a photo of the author's driving license.11. Which of the following best describes Erin Ball?A. Humorous and kind.B. Generous and demanding.C. Honest and warm-hearted.D. Caring and outgoing.DNaomi Cooke was walking with a friend and their dogs through her local park in Burnside, on Tuesday when she heard someone shout to watch out. Cooke turned and hardly had time to react before a flying disc hit her in the face with a "big bang”, leaving her right cheek swollen almost to the size of a golfball.Two men playing disc golf at the course in Jellie Park were about 20 metres fromthe pairwhen one of them threw the disc hard, aiming for a nearby goal.After being hit Cooke immediately went to the emergency department, where two CT scans on her face and cheek found she had escaped any broken bones. "I'm lucky it didn't hit my eye because I think I would have lost it." Cooke said.Cooke often walks her dog at the park and said it was always busy with people playing disc golf, but it was notuntil after Tuesday that she became concerned about public safety there.There were no signs about the disc golf course in the park, she said, and the area is shared with children and people walking their dogs.“If it had hit one of the kids in the head, it could have killed them.” Cooke did not think she was the only person who had been hit before, and said there would be others who share her concerns.Cooke planned to go to the council, saying it needed to realise how dangerous it was for the space to be shared by everyone and to provide disc golfers with a space where they can play safely. "There should be rules about how it's done, making it safe for everyone.”12. What happened to Cooke on Tuesday?A. She was struck by a golf ball.B. She was hit by a flying disc.C. She was beaten by two men.D. She was frightened by a mad dog.13. What do the underlined words "the pair" in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. Cooke and her friend.B. Cooke and her dog.C. The two disc golfers.D. The two CT scans.14. How did Cooke feel about people playing disc golf in the park?A. Acceptable.B. Shocked.C. Angry.D. Worried.15. Why did Cooke plan to go to the council?A. To get the two men in trouble.B. To call for a ban on disc golf.C. To ask for personal protection.D. To call for safer places for disc golf.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020届上海市交通大学附属中学嘉定分校高三英语一模试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ATry one of these amazing destinations on your next vacation.MallorcaOn the popular Spanish island of Mallorca, farmhouse inns focus more on providing isolation and quietness than offering hands-on farming experiences. With millions of visitors staying on the beaches of Mallorca and the other Balearic Islands each summer, a little bit of isolation is a good thing for aloneness-seeking travelers. Mainly located in the hills of inland Mallorca, these inns range from rustic century-old farmhouses to luxury(奢侈的) villas with spas and swimming pools.HawaiiPeople who don't want to dig out their passport but still want their farm adventure can head to the island of Hawaii. The 50th state talks much about the well-developed farm tourism industry that can hold people with different interests. Agritourism choices range from visiting coffee plantations(种植园) in the Big Island's Kona region to exploring the plantations on Maui to staying on farms on the easily reachable island of Oahu. CaliforniaCalifornia is one ofthe best places in the U. S. to enjoy a farm-stay, thanks to the diversity of crops and farms. Small family farms and large farms offer a more hands-on approach to agritourism. Many of them teach small-scale farming techniques and even offer strategies for organic growing. The University of California system, one of the largest state-run higher education systems in the U.S., has a small-farm program that helps growers create agritourism businesses.Philippine IslandsWith diverse conditions on different islands, the Philippine Islands are ideal places for visiting multiple agritourism sites or focusing on one product. Tourists can visit a huge pineapple plantation for a taste of large-scale agriculture, or they could focus on smaller operations such as bee farms, and even small plantations that specialize in growing tropical produce such as dragon fruit.1. What kind of people will choose to go to Mallorca?A. Those who prefer peace of mind.B. Those who like lying on the beach.C. Those who enjoy the luxury of tourism.D. Those who want to experience farming.2. What can people do on the Philippine Islands?A. Live in farmhouses.B. Visit plantations.C. Learn farming techniques.D Take part in a farm program.3. What are the four places in the text famous for?A. Locations.B. Environments.C. Local products.D. Tourism features.BEven as Google plans to test its fleet (车队) of self-driving cars on public roads this summer, its business model remains abit of a mystery. By 2025, as many as 250,000 self-driving vehicles could be sold each year globally, according to a study by an industry research firm.“Vehicles that can take anyone from A to B at the push of a button could transform mobility for millions of people,” said Chris Urmson, director of Google’s self-driving car project. For now, Google has no plans to sell any of its self-driving cars. They are strictly for research. But they will hit public roads this summer near Google’s headquarters inMountain View,California. Previous testing has taken place only on closed courses.The cars are built to operate without a steering wheel, accelerator (油门) or brake pedal. “Our software and sensors do all the work,” Urmson said. “The vehicles will be very basic — we want to learn from them and adapt them as quickly as possible — but they will take you where you want to go at the push of a button.” The prototype (雏形) is the first of a 100-car fleet the tech giant is building.In the long run, Urmson sees a future of safer roads — the majority of auto accidents are caused by human error — and fewer traffic jams. Robotic cars could also shuttle people who can’t drive because of age or illness.Google has said that self-driving cars could launch new business models in which people buy the use of vehicles they don’t own. The company has already tested other types of self-driving cars on public streets, including modified Lexus sport-utility vehicles, under a special permit program by the California Department ofMotor Vehicles that requires a human driver at the controls.The state has issued six other companies permits to operate such cars, includingDelphi, Mercedes-Benz, Volkswagen, Tesla, Bosch and Nissan. The vehicles that will be tested on open roads this summer will have removable steering wheels, accelerators and brake pedals to allow “safety drivers” to take control if needed.4. According to Chris Urmson, __________.A. self-driving cars can give driving orders to humansB. self-driving cars are specially designed for the elderlyC. software and sensors are vital for self-driving carsD. ordinary vehicles will be replaced by self-driving cars5. Paragraph 4 is meant to tell us that __________.A. many traffic accidents are caused by human errorB. some people can’t drive because of illness or ageC. Urmson has promised to create safer roads in the futureD. self-driving cars will probably help to make safer roads and decrease traffic jams6. The underlined word “issued” in the last paragraph can probably bereplaced by__________.A. givenB. claimedC. awardedD. prohibited7. What’s the author’s attitude towards self-driving cars?A. Objective.B. Indifferent.C. Subjective.D. Favorable.CGlobal food demand will double by 2050, according to a new projection, and the farming techniques used to meet that unprecedented(空前的) demand will significantly determine how severe the impact is on the environment, researchers said.The study researchers warned that meeting the demand for food would clear more land, increase nitrogen(氮) use and significantly add to carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions.“Agriculture’s greenhouse gas emissions could double by2050 if current trends in global food production continue,” study researcher David Tilman, of theUniversityofMinnesota, said in a statement. “This would be a major problem, since global agriculture already accounts for a third of all greenhouse gas emissions.”The researchers studied various ways in which the increasing food demand could be mentioned. They foundthat the most environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach would be for more food producers to adopt the nitrogen-efficient “intensive” farming method, which involves the heavy use of labor and the production of more crops per acre.This approach was shown to be more effective than the “extensive” farming currently practiced by many poor nations, a method that includes clearing more new land to produce more food.Different farming methods produce significantly different yields, the researchers found — in 2005, the crop yields for the wealthiest nations were more than 300 percent higher than what the poorest nations produced.According to their analysis of the effects of extensive farming, if poorer nations continue using this method, by 2050theywill have cleared an area larger than theUnited States, about 2.5 billion acres. However, if wealthy nations help poorer nations to improve food yields by incorporating(吸收) intensive farming practices, that number could be reduced to half a billion acres.The researchers stress that the environmental effects of meeting future food demand depend on how global agriculture expands and develops.“Our analyses show that we cansave most of the Earth’s remaining ecosystems by helping the poorer nations of the world feed themselves,” Tilman said.8. What is the best title of this passage?A. The World Will Need Double Food by 2050B. Man Will Face the Risk of Lacking Food in the FutureC. Future Farmers Hold Environment’s Fate in Their HandsD. Different Farming Methods Produce Significantly Different Yields9. The character of the extensive farming is ________.A. very cost-effectiveB. to produce more crops per acreC. at cost of more new land to produce more foodD. very environmentally friendly10. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.A. poorer nations mainly use the intensive farmingB. wealthy nations mainly use the extensive farmingC. the intensive farming needs less food producersD. the extensive farming has a worse effect on ecosystems11. According to the passage, the underlined word “they” in the 7th paragraph refers to “________”.A. poorer nationsB. the effects of extensive farmingC. wealthy nationsD.future food demandDAs every mobile-phone owner knows, after a year or so the battery starts to fade and the beast needs recharging more frequently.That is troublesome, but a phone’s batteries can be replaced fairly cheaply — or the whole device traded in for the latest model. An electric car, though, is a much bigger investment. And batteries are its priciest component, representing around 30% of an average mid-size vehicle.To provide buyers with some peace of mind, carmakers guarantee their batteries, typically for eight years or around 200,000km. Producers, planning to go much further than that, though, are racing to launch “million mile”(1.6m kilometers) batteries. Contemporary Amperex Technology, a giant Chinese firm which produces batteries fora number of carmakers, was said to be ready to start producing batteries which would last for 16 years or 2m kilometres. Elon Musk has suggested that Tesla,a Californian maker of electric vehicles, has a million-mile battery in the works. And over in Detroit,General Motors is in the final stages of developing an advanced battery which it says has similar longevity (寿命)。

2020年上海市嘉定区徐行中学高三英语一模试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ANo one knows when the first printing press was invented or who invented it. but the oldest known printed text originated in China during the first millennium (千年) AD.The Diamond Sutra (《金刚经》), a Buddhist book from Dunhuang, China during the Tang Dynasty, is said to be the oldest known printed book.The Diamond Sutrawas created with a method known as block printing (雕版印刷), which used boards of hand-carved wood blocks in reverse.It was said that the moveable type was developed by Bi Sheng. He was fromYingshan,Hubei,China, living from 970 to 1051 AD. His method replaced panels of printing blocks with moveable individual Chinese characters that could be reused. The first moveable Chinese Characters were carved into clay and baked into hard blocks that were then arranged onto an iron frame that was pressed against an iron plate.The earliest mention of Bi Sheng’s printing press is in the bookDream Pool Essays, written in 1086 by Shen Kuo, who noted that his nephews came into possession of Bi Sheng’s typefaces (字体) after his death. Shen Kuo explained that Bi Sheng did not use wood because the texture is inconsistent (不一致的) and absorbs wetness too easily.By the time of the Southern Song Dynasty, which ruled from 1127 to 1279 AD, books had become popular in society and helped create a scholarly class of citizens who had the capabilities to become civil servants. Large printed book collections also became a status symbol for the wealthy class.1. When was Bi Sheng’s printing press first introduced in history?A. After Bi Sheng died and his nephews owned his typefaces.B. When books became popular in the Southern Song Dynasty.C. After the block printing was replaced by the moveable type printing.D. WhenThe Diamond Sutrawas printed into a book.2. What can we infer from the passage?A. Shen Kuo made great contributions to printing.B. The moveable type printing was invented earlier than block printing.C. Printed books were hard to get in the Song Dynasty.D. By the Southern Song Dynasty, books had helped people get to higher social positions.3. Why does the author write this passage?A. To show that Buddhism was popular in the Tang Dynasty.B. To introduce the early history of printing.C. To memorize Bi Sheng, developing the moveable type printing.D. To indicate the advantages of moveable type printing.BAfter finishing his dinner, Lin Xu opened a WeChat mini-program called "Clear Plate" on his phone and took picture of the empty plates. He was then awarded 157 credit points after the image was uploaded and recognized by artificial intelligence.“Users of the app can use their credit to buy gifts, such as books and cellphones to purchase charity meals donated to children in poor rural areas,” Lin said.A nationwide "Clear Your Plate" campaign is gaining steam online. Efforts to stop food waste and promote thrift are also being made by restaurants that have been urged to create an environment in which consumers are reminded not to waste food. They are also encouraged to offer different portion sizes so that customers can have more choices.The “Clear Plate” mini-program has become popular among young Chinese and currently has nearly 1 million users.Liu Jichen, founder of the startup that developed the app, said that the idea popped up at a dinner in 2017, when Liu found that a restaurant would give diners who polished off their food a card and offer small gifts after a certain number of cards had been collected.“Such an idea can be realized online,” Liu said. He formed a team to work on the project.Yet it was quite challenge for the AI system to identify whether the uploaded photos showed empty plates.To make the AI system smarter, Liu and his team, assisted by more than 1,000 others, spent half a year collecting over 100, 000 samples in canteens and restaurants across the country and used the data to train neural network. Dozens of enterprises, institutions and restaurants have contacted the startup to cooperate on the project.Through the visualized mini-program, people can clearly see the good results of saving food, which will effectively reduce waste, he noted. "We hope our efforts can start a new trend among the younger generation, encouraging them to carry out the virtue of cherishing food and developing the habit of thrift, " Liu said4. What is the main function of the APP "Clear Plate?A. Awarding credit points.B. Giving charity meals.C. Showing the empty plates.D. Encouraging saving food.5. How is the "Clear Your Plate" campaign carried out?A. Customers wasting food are punished.B. People join in it on mini-program.C. Restaurants limit customers' choices.D. People are encouraged to buy gifts.6. What was the most difficult when the app was created?A. Getting other people to cooperate with the team.B. Collecting samples in canteens and restaurants.C. Ensuring the app to recognize empty plates.D. Finding people to fund the app.7. What is the purpose of the writing?A. To introduce an app.B. To promote saving food.C. To praise a startup founder.D. To raise fund for poor children.CA teenager in Georgia will no longer have to walk 7 miles to work after school thanks to one woman’s act of kindness.Jayden Sutton, a high school senior, went on foot each day from school to his job at a restaurant and then back home. Sutton was determined to work and make enough money to eventually buy his own vehicle.Sutton said he’d leave school at 3:30 pm, then walk miles to his job at the restaurant. After his work, which usually lasted six to eight hours, he walked home, sometimes not arriving back until almost midnight.That all changed when Myers saw him walking down the road in the rain in December. “The young man was insistently in a rush walking to work, saying ‘I can’t be late,’” Myers said. “He begged me to give him a ride. I told him I could take him as far as I was going. I began to create small talk along the way. It wasrevealedto me that his name was Jayden, 12th grader, worked 40 hours a week, walked 5 miles to work immediately after school, got off at 10:30 pm at night and walked back home another 5 miles if co-workers didn’t offer a ride.”After dropping Sutton off, Myers said his heart and determination filled her with tears. “He was smiling in good spirits and that’s a child worth blessing,” she told Fox News. So, Myers shared Sutton’s story on the GoFundMe page, which raised more than $ 9, 000 from 186 donors.She surprised Sutton with a new car after she managed to convince the general manager to drop the price of the vehicle to meet the budget.8. Why did Sutton work so hard in his spare time?A. To gain working experience.B. To pay for his education.C. To own a car.D. To support his family.9. What difficulty did Sutton have in his work at the restaurant?A. He worked longer than other workers.B. His work was too tiring.C. His job was much less paid.D. He had to walk to work.10. What does the underlined word “revealed” in paragraph 4 mean?A. Known.B. Attached.C. Believed.D. Limited.11. What do we know about the money donated online?A. It could buy more than a new car.B. It was not enough to buy a new car.C. It was given to Myers to buy herself a new car.D It mainly came from a car sales manager.DBrain cells work to actively forget memories during a specific period of sleep. When we sleep our brains clear out the memories we’ve made while we’re awake, deciding what to keep and what to get rid of. Forgetting is an active process, explained the authors of the study published in the journal Science. But less is known about this process during the different periods of sleep.They found that during the rapid eye movement (REM ) sleep period — or active sleep when we are thought to dream — special nerve cells appear to actively contribute to forgetting. What are known as melanin-concentrating hormone-producing (MCH) neurons (神经元) sit in the hypothalamus (下丘脑): a part of the brain which helps with a range of functions such as sleep, appetite and emotions. Past research has suggested these cells help to control REM sleep patterns: activating the MCH neurons increasing time spentin this period, while preventingthemreducing changes into this period.The scientists looked at MCH cells in mice, and found 52.8 percent were active during REM sleep, compared with 35 percent when the mice were awake. Study co-author Thomas Kilduff, director of the Center for Neuroscience at SRI International, told Newsweek the team was surprised to find that mice performed better on learning and memory tasks when the MCH cells were prevented. “This result suggests that activation of the MCH neurons may affect memory — that is, MCH neurons may facilitate forgetting,” Kilduff explained.When asked what motivated the study, Kilduff said, “We hope the work could deepen our understanding ofAlzheimer’s disease. Understanding the neural basis of learning and memory is a huge area of neuroscience research because of its effects on our everyday lives, as well as diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. Prior to this work, no one suspected that MCH neurons had anything to do with forgetting,” said Kilduff.12. What can we infer from paragraph 1?A. Forgetting is a passive process.B. The forgetting process is known to us.C. Some memories are forgotten while we are awake.D. Certain memories are removed while we are asleep.13. What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. REM sleep patterns.B. Past researches.C. MCH neurons.D. A range of functions.14. Why did Kilduff’s team conduct the research?A. To publish the study in the journal Science.B. To know more about Alzheimer’s disease.C. To contribute to human’s forgetting.D. To explore our everyday lives.15. What can we know about MCH?A. MCH cells takes control of REM sleep patterns .B. MCH neurons may disturb memory consolidation.C. MCH neurons have nothing to do with forgetting.D. MCH cells help mice performing better on learning.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020年上海市嘉定区高考英语一模试卷I. Listening Comprehension略II. Grammar and VocabularySection A （10分）Directions： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word，fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks，use one word that best fits each blank.1．(★★★)This is where my kids grew upFor years now， I've been wanting to sell our home， the place where my husband and I raised our kids． But to me， this house is more than just a building． In the front room， there's a wall that has hundreds of pencil lines． Every growth stage （1） is marked （mark） in pencils， with each child's name and the date．Of all the objects and all the memories， it's this one thing in a home that's （2） the hardest （hard） to leave behind． Our kids grow in so many ways，but the wall is physical evidence of their progress． Friends I know have visited their previous home only （3） to discover （discover） their wall of heights has been freshly painted over． Over the years， I've talked about how much I would hate leaving that wall behind when I moved，（4） even though/ even if the last marks were made 10 years ago when my kids stopped growing． So one day， while I was at work， my children decided to do （5） something about it．They hired Jacquie Manning， a professional photographer （6） whose work is about capturing the beautiful things in life． She came to our house while I was at work， and over several hours，（7） took （take） photos of the hundreds of drawings and lines， little grey fingerprints， and old marks． Somehow， she managed to photograph （8） what we had experienced in all thoseyears． Afterwards， she put all the photos together into one image，（9）transforming （transform） them into a beautiful history of my family．Three weeks later， my children's wonderful gift made its way to me -（10）a life-size photo of the pencil lines and fingerprints that represents entire lifetimes of love and growth．Section B （10分）Directions： After reading the passage below， fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.2．(★★)A． emphasizes B． principle C． enormous D． helpingE． energized F． activeG． increased H． absorbing I． benefits J． analyzedK． temperateEmphasizing social play in kindergarten improves academicsEmphasizing social play and students helping one another in kindergarten improves academic outcomes， self-control and attention regulation， finds new UBC research． The study， published in the journal PLoS One， found this approach to kindergarten curriculum also（1） G children's joy in learning and teachers' enjoyment of teaching．"Before children have the ability to sit for long periods（2） H information， they need to be allowed to be（3） F and be encouraged to learn by doing，" said Dr． Adele Diamond， the study's lead author． "Indeed， people of all ages learn better by doing than by being told．"Through a controlled experiment， Diamond and her colleagues（4） J the effectiveness of a curriculum called Tools of the Mind （Tools）． The curriculum was introduced to willing kindergarten teachers and 351 children with different backgrounds in 18 public schools．Tools was developed in 1993 by two American researchers． Its basic（5） Bis that social-emotional development and improving self-control is as important as teaching academic skills and content． The Tools （6） A the role of social play in developing skills such as self-control， selective attention and planning． "Skills like self-control and selective attention are necessary for learning． They are often more strongly associated with school readiness （入学准备）than intelligence quotient （IQ），" said Diamond． "This experiment is the first to show（7） I of a curriculum emphasizing social play．"Teachers reported more（8） D behavior and greater sense of community in Tools classes． Late in the school year， Tools teachers reported they still felt （9） E and excited about teaching， while teachers in the control group were exhausted． "I have enjoyed seeing the（10） C progress my students have made in writing and reading．" said a Tools teacher in Vancouver． "I have also enjoyed seeing the students get so excited about coming to school and learning． They loved all the activities so much that many students didn't want to miss school， even if they were sick．"III. Reading ComprehensionSection A （15分）Directions： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.3．(★★★★)In product design， imagining users' feelings leads to more original outcomesResearchers find that in new product design， connecting with users' heart，rather than their head， can lead to more original and creative outcomes．Developing original and（1） B products is critical to a company's long-term success． Thus， understanding what influences originality can have important and potentially（2） D consequences for businesses． Ravi Mehta， a professor of business administration， shows that adopting a（n）（3） C that imagines how the user would feel while using a product leads designers to experience greater empathy（同感）， which（4） A creativity and， in turn， outcome originalityfor new product design．There are two ways that the product designer can（5） D the consumer's product usage． One focuses on objective use of the product-how consumers might use the product， that is， an "objective -imagination" approach． The other focuses on feelings-how the product makes the consumer feel， a "feelings-imagination" approach．Consumers always want to have new products that solve problems more efficiently and at a less cost． So product designers（6） C this trap of being very objective in focusing on the use of a product． That's important， but the（7）B of usage can only attract consumers in some ways．（8） D ， thefeelings-imagination approach leads designers to experience greater empathy， which makes them more（9） A to the consumers' ideas． This leads to greater outcome originality． Mehta said， "when you imagine consumers and focus on their feelings，that's powerful and will lead to something much more innovative than only focusing on a product's usage．" The research shows that a feelings-based approach is（10）B to the commonly used objective-based approach， the researchers wrote． It not only helps product designers build a better product， but it also helps them create more innovative products．The implications of the findings extend to everyday consumers， who now play a role in shaping companies' design． Mehta said， "Marketers are increasingly（11）C consumers for new product ideas．" （12）D ， there was a very successful campaign a few years ago that focused on getting consumers to create a new potato chip flavor．The experiments demonstrated a（13） B effect of adopting a feelings-imagination approach． That suggests that these designers may（14） Bimagining users' feelings． In this way， designers can develop products that could （15） A to the masses． Companies can easily adopt this process and promote feelings-imagination exercises through their websites or social media．（1）A． primary B． innovative C． natural D． domestic（2）A． temporary B． slight C． indefinite D． profitable（3）A． policy B． proposal C． approach D． standard（4）A． enhances B． exhibits C． illustrates D． explores（5）A． recommend B． extend C． exploit D． imagine（6）A． fall apart B． figure out C． fall into D． turn into（7）A． originality B． objectivity C． creativity D． flexibility（8）A． InB． In addition C． As a result D． By contrast conclusion（9）A． open B． harmful C． resistant D． equal（10）A． evident B． superior C． relevant D． alert（11）A． joining in B． applying to C． turning to D． taking in（12）A． In reality B． In other words C． What's more D． For example（13）A． dramatic B． positive C． negative D． serious（14）A． depend on B． benefit from C． contribute to D． involve in（15）A． appeal B． refer C． adapt D． commitSection B （22分）Directions： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according tothe information given in the passage you have just read.4．(★★★) When she was ten years old， Isadora Duncandropped out of school to teach people dance． If that job was left to any otherten-year-old， it would have turned out frustrating， difficult， and a little discouraging．But Duncan was different． Not only was she already talented enough to earn money even at that age， but she also had a rare kind of confidence that helped her [treat troubles as fuel] -something to elevate the fire that is already burning inside of her．It's no surprise， then， that when she moved to New York to join a theatre company， she found herself restricted． The existing dancing style， their way of operating-all of this seemed to her the work of a misguided past． Duncan was very direct about what she wanted， confidently telling people she had a differentvision of dance that she was going to spread in the world． This， naturally， ledto ridicule and laughs early on， but as she built up her work， these instances became less frequent． Today， she is remembered as "The Mother of Dance，" with much of the modern art owing its expressive style to her influence． Inspired by the ancient Greeks， she brought the style to life．In her autobiography （自传）， one of the things Duncan frequently refers to as the basis of her expressive spirit is the fact that she had a childhood where she wasn't constantly watched． The expectations of her mother （who raised her） were open-ended． It was the freedom of this lifestyle that drove her to see what she could do．Growing up， before she left school， she was told one of two things： that she was either completely useless or that she was a genius． There was nothing in between． Even when she started working， people either bowed to her or they basically ignored her． But there wasn't one moment Duncan doubted her own genius． There is an old quotation "if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree，it will live its whole life believing that it is stupid．" And it captures an important truth． At school， Isadora Duncan was a failure． In the dance hall，she gave form to brilliance．（1）What does the underlined phrase "treat troubles as fuel" mean？ AA． Duncan used troubles to push her forward towards her dream．B． Duncan was good at burning away everyday troubles．C． Troubles turned Duncan into a confident girl．D． Troubles lit the fire of dancing in Duncan．（2）Which of the following is TRUE about Duncan？ CA． Her experience in New York was the foundation of her career．B． Her teaching job when she was little destroyed her confidence．C． Her dancing style was not very well received at the beginning．D． Her mother set higher expectation on her than she could bear．（3）What does the author try to tell the readers in the last paragraph？ B A． It is useless climbing a tree to catch fish．B． Everybody is a genius in his own way．C． Miseries come from human stupidity．D． Teachers can impact students greatly．（4）What is this passage mainly about？ CA． Isadora Duncan's childhood and her achievements today．B． Duncan's career development and other dancers' opinions of her．C． Isadora Duncan's early experiences and the reasons for her success．D． Duncan's high status in the dancing world and her unique expressive style．5．(★★★)Taking your pulse during physical activity allows you to measure how hard you are exercising． You should exercise to stay within your target heart range．• Use your index finger （食指） and middle finger． Don't use your thumb （拇指） -it has a pulse of its own．• Place these two fingers on your wrist， just below the base of the thumb．• Count the number of beats （pulses） for 15 seconds．• Take this number and multiply by 4 to find your heart rate in beats per minute． For example， if you count 25 beats， 25 x 4 = 100 beats per minute．Increasing your heart rate is a key part of exercise， but it is important that your heart rate is not too high or too low． If you are a beginner， you should also be able to breathe comfortably while exercising． This will ensure that you are exercising at a level that is safe and effective for your body．The chart below illustrates target heart rate ranges for exercise based on the maximal heart rate for selected ages．[Here are the steps for using the chart]： Measure your exercise heart rate in beats per minute （BPM）．Look at the chart．- Find your age． If your age falls between the ages listed， round up to the next older age listed．- Compare your heart rate to the target exercise range．• If you are doing moderate exercise， your heart rate should be closer to the 50% range．• If you are doing vigorous exercise， your heart rate should be closer to the 85% range．• Try to stay in the 50-85% range when exercising by increasing or decreasing exercise intensity．（1）Which of the following is TRUE？ AA． Exercise intensity can be reflected by a person's heart rate．B． The faster your heart rate is， the more effective the exercise is．C． Vigorous exercise will definitely present a threat to people's safety．D． The target exercise heart rate range for a 45-year-old is 90-149 BPM．（2）A 34-year-old man is running and the number of pulses he takes for 15 seconds is 40．His fitness coach had better tell him C ．A． "You are doing fine．"B． "You can run faster．"C． "You should slow down a bit．"D． "You should drink some water．"（3）What is the purpose of this passage？ DA． To advise people to form a habit of taking their pulses while exercising．B． To inform people of the target heart rate zone for those aged 60 and under．C． To tell people the importance of maintaining moderate amount of exercise．D． To show people how to measure heart rate to keep proper exercise intensity．6．(★★★)A tiny clue found in ancient deposits has unlocked big secrets about Greenland's past and future climate． Just beyond the northwest edge of the vast Greenland Ice Sheet， researchers have discovered lake mud that have survived the last ice age． The mud， and remains of common flies in it， record twointerglacial periods（间冰期）in northwest Greenland．Although researchers have long known these two periods-the early Holocene and Last Interglacial-experienced warming in the Arctic， the mix of fly species shows that Greenland was even warmer than previously thought． "As far as we know， it has never been found in Greenland． We think this is the first time anyone has reported it in ancient deposits or modern lakes there，" Axford said． "We were really surprised to see how far north it migrated （迁徙）．"This new information could help researchers better measure Greenland's sensitivity to warming， by testing and improving models of climate and ice sheet behaviour． Those models could then improve predictions of how Greenland's ice sheet might respond to man-made global warming． After all， Greenland covers 80 per cent of the Arctic country and holds enough ice to equal 20 feet of global sea level． "Northwest Greenland might feel really remote， but what happens to that ice sheet is going to matter to everyone in every coastal city around the world，" said Yarrow Axford， an associate professor in the team． "One of the big uncertainties in climate science is how fast the Earth changes when it gets warmer． Geology gives us an opportunity to see what happened when the Earth was warmer than today，" said Axford．People might be surprised to see how today's Greenland looked during the last two interglacial periods． During the Last Interglacial， global sea levels increased by 15 to 30 feet， largely due to thinning of Greenland and Antarctica's ice sheets． However， now researchers believe northern Greenland's ice sheet experienced stronger warming than previously thought， which could mean that Greenland is more responsible for that sea-level rise．Finding lake deposits older than about 10，000 years， however， has been historically very difficult in Greenland． To measure these ancient temperatures，researchers look to ice cores （冰核） and lake deposits． Since ice and lake deposits form by a gradual buildup on annual layers of snow or mud， these cores contain history of the past． By looking through the layers， researchers can obtain climate clues from centuries ago．（1）Why are the remains of flies mentioned in the first two paragraphs？ C A． They serve as evidence that there is still life in the Northwest Greenland．B． They were one of the many ancient lives that were left in the Greenland mud．C． They are indicators that Greenland was much warmer than previously thought．D． They help the researchers realize that there was once a warm period in the Arctic．（2）The new information about Greenland is important because B ．A． researchers have no idea how to measure Greenland's warming speedB． it can help researchers better predict Greenland's response to warmingC． people should be more sensitive to the changes in the ice in GreenlandD． it is uncertain how fast the Earth changes with man-made global warming（3）Which of the following can be inferred from the passage？ DA． It is easier for today's scientists to find ancient lake deposits．B． People are surprised at the landscape feature of Greenland today．C． Researchers measure the changing temperatures by directly examining mud．D． Greenland holds enough ice that might one day threaten life in coastal cities．（4）Which do you think is the best title of the passage？ AA． Greenland Used to Be Much GreenerB． Earth Once Experienced Warm PeriodsC． Coastal Cities Warned of Coming DisastersD． Northwest Greenland， A Perfect DestinationSection C （8分）Directions： Read the following passage. Fill in each blank witha proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.7．(★★★)South Africa still has a long way to go on the right to foodFifty-four percent of South Africans are hungry or at risk of hunger． Hunger affects people's health， as well as their ability to live full and productivelives because the rights to dignity， health and education are affected by hunger．（1） E There are significant race， class and gender differences． For example， black South Africans are 22 times more likely to be food insecure compared with white South Africans． Food insecurity is defined as not having physical， social and economic access to sufficient， safe， and nutritious foodthat meets dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life．This unequal distribution indicates a situation of severe food injustice in South Africa． Yet from the research with urban farmers it's clear that people do not know of the right to food， and don't see unequal access to nutritious food as an injustice．（2） A While there are frequent protests around access to jobs，education， housing， water and electricity， we rarely， if ever， see protests about access to food．One of the drivers of unequal access to food is the way in which the industrial food system works． For example， a few large companies dominate each aspect of the food value chain．（3） D Because the large companies dominate the supply chain， they are able to maximize profits at the expense of small-scale producers，to whom they pay very low prices．（4） B It needs to ensure that marginalized producers， processors and retailers have an opportunity to earn a decent living． At the same time corporate dominance needs to be addressed．Anyway， at the most basic level， it requires that South Africans know they have a right to food in the first place．A． As a result， questions of hunger are largely absent in South Africanpolitics．B． Handling food injustice requires a transformation of the undesirable structure of the food system．C． Therefore， the government has put forward numerous food and nutritionsecurity programs to fight against hunger．D． This means that smaller scale producers， processors and retailers are squeezed out．E． Hunger， lack of nutrition and related illnesses are not equally spread．F． There are international examples of governments taking their obligations seriously with regard to the right to food．IV. Summary writing （10分）8．(★★)Directions： Read the following passage． Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words． Use your own words as far as possible．Most of us - even those at the top - struggle with public-speakinganxiety． When I ask my clients what makes them nervous， invariably they respond with the same answers： "I don't like being watched"， "I don't like the eyes on me" or "I don't like being in the spotlight"．To understand why， we need to go way back to prehistoric times， when humans regarded eyes watching us as an existential threat． Those eyes were likely predators （肉食动物） and people were terrified of being eaten alive． The bad news is that our brains have transferred the ancient fear of being watched into public speaking． In other words， public-speaking anxiety is in our DNA．Fortunately， there is a solution： human generosity． The key to disarming our panic button is to turn the focus away from ourselves and toward helping the audience． Studies have shown that an increase in generosity indeed leads to a decrease in amygdala （扁桃腺） activity， which is responsible for our panic feeling in the brain． When we are kind to others， we overcome the sense of being under attack and start to feel less nervous．Admittedly， this is hard to do． But it's absolutely possible to become a generous speaker． To begin with， when you start preparing for a presentation，the mistake you often make is starting with the topic． Instead， you should start with the audience． Identify the audience's needs， and craft a message that speaks directly to those needs． Also， you are the most nervous right before you speak． This is the moment when your brain is telling you， "Everyone is judging me．" But it is exactly the moment when you should refocus your brain． Over time，your brain will begin to get it， and you will become less nervous．V. Translation （15分）Directions： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.9．(★★)有些地方因污染而出现了许多奇怪的疾病．（arise） Some strange diseases have arisen from pollution in some places．10．(★★★)全球气候变暖使得一些稀有动物濒临灭绝．（leave） The global warming has left some rare species of animals threatened with extinction/ in great danger of extinction．11．(★★★)我养成了习惯，趁记忆犹新，就把难忘的经历写下来．（while） I have formed/ developed/ cultivated a habit of writing down the unforgettable experiences while they're still fresh in my mind/memory．12．(★★★)该选手的机智及开阔的知识面使评委们大为惊异，他们一致同意他为冠军获得者．（So…） So amazed were the judges at the wisdom and wide knowledge of the contestant that they all agreed that he would be the champion． / be the winner．/ win the championship．VI. Guided writing （25分）13．(★★★)Directions： Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．假设你是明启中学学生王磊，你校下个月将举行中外学生交流活动，现向学生征求活动方案．你主动向校长写信，表达你的想法．你的信包括以下内容：1．活动的主题；2．你设计的1-2个活动的具体内容；3．你设计该活动的理由．。

2020届上海市交通大学附属中学嘉定分校高三英语一模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ATop Four MarathonsPortland MarathonThe marathon welcomes 8 000 people every fall. It’s a great event for first-timers because everyone is cheered on with enthusiasm no matter how long it takes to cross the finish line. The time limit for the full marathon is now at a pace of minutes per mile, or 6 hours and 33 minutes, but in the past it had an open time limit. They promise you’ll still receive your medal if you fall behind the pace, but you have to finish using the sidewalks.TCS New York City MarathonAs the world’s biggest marathon, the TCS New York City Marathon attracts over 50,000 people to the Big Apple each November. The time limit is generous eight and a half hours, but participants must move to the sidewalk if they drop below 15-minute mile.The famous course snakes through five boroughs (行政区) of the city and crosses five bridges to end in Central Park.Honolulo MarathonThe marathon attracts over 30,000 participants each December. The race starts on Ala Moana Boulevard in downtown Honolulu and snakes its way along the breathtaking Hawaiian coastline to the finish line in Kapiolani Park. The start time is at 5: 00 am with finish line services officially open until 2: 00 pm. However, the organizers allow everyone to finish and have waiters on hand until 4: 00 pm.Boston MarathonThe marathon is held in May every year. For this event running isn’t allowed as the city streets aren’t closed off. Participants must instead make their way along sidewalks under the guidance of event organizers and city police. The event attracts over 8,000 people who can choose anything from three-mile walk to the full 26.2-mile Boston Marathon route.1.Where is a new marathon runner most likely to receive enthusiastic cheers?A.In Portland.B.In New York.C.In Honolulu.D.In Boston.2.What can we know about TCS New York City Marathon?A.It is extremely popular.B.It has an open time limit.C.It starts and ends in a park.D.It forbids using the sidewalk.3.Which marathon is held the earliest in a year?A.Portland Marathon.B.TCS New York City Marathon.C.Boston Marathon.D.Honolulu Marathon.BWe use what is known as inner speech, where we talk to ourselves, to evaluate situations and make decisions. Now, a robot has been trained to speak aloud its inner decision-making process, giving us a view of how it responds to contradictory demands.Arianna Pipitone and Antonio Chella at the University of Palermo, Italy, programmed a humanoid robot named Pepper, with software that models human cognitive(认知的)processes, which allowed Pepper to retrieve (检索)relevant information from its memory and find the correct way to act based on human commands, as well as a text — to — speech processor. It allowed Pepper to voice its decision-making process while completing a task, "With inner speech, we can better understand what the robot wants to do and what its plan is," says Chella.The researchers asked Pepper to set a dinner table according to etiquette (礼仪)rules they had programmed into the robot. Inner speech was either enabled or disabled to see how it affected Pepper's ability to do what was instructed.When instructed to place a napkin on a fork with its inner speech enabled, Pepper asked itself what the etiquette required and concluded that this request went against the rules it had been given. It then asked the researchers if putting the napkin on the fork was the correct action. When told it was, Pepper said, "OK, I prefer to follow your desire," and explained how it was going to place the napkin on the fork.When asked to do the same task with inner speech disabled, Pepper knew this contradicted etiquette rules, so it didn't perform the task or explain why.With the potential for robots to become more common in the future, this type of programming could help the public understand their abilities and limitations, says Sarah Sebo at theUniversityofChicago. "It maintains people's trust and enables cooperation and interactions between humans and robots," she says. However, this experiment only used a single human participant, says Sebo. "It's unclear how their approach would compare across a wide range of human participants," she says.4. Why does the author mention how people make decisions in the first paragraph?A. To introduce the topic.B. To make comparisons.C. To provide an example.D. To support his argument.5. How did Pepper react to the contradictory instruction with its inner speech enabled?A. It failed to complete the task.B. It followed the etiquette rules.C. It made a random decision.D. It communicated with the researchers.6. What did Sarah Sebo think of the research?A. It was creative but worthless.B. It was a good try but the result was a failure.C. It was inspiring but needed further evidence.D. It was carefully designed but poorly performed.7. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. Robot Taught To Be PoliteB. Robot Can Explain Its DecisionC. Robot Making Decisions: No Longer A DreamD. Robot-Human Communication: No Longer A ProblemCShanghairesidents passing through the city’s eastern Huangpu district in Octobermight have astonished at an unusual sight: a “walking” building. An 85-year-old primary school has been lifted off the ground in its entirety and relocated using new technology named the “walking” machine.In the city’s latest effort to preserve historic structures, engineers used nearly 200 mobile supports under the five-story building. The supports act like robotic legs. They’re split into two groups which in turns rise up and down, imitating the human step. Attached sensors help control how the building moves forward.TheLagenaPrimary School, which weighs 7,600 tons, faced a new challenge — it’s T-shaped, while previously relocated structures were square or rectangular. Experts and technicians met to discuss possibilities and test a number of different technologies before deciding on the “walking machine”.Over the course of 18 days, the building was rotated 21degrees and moved 62 meters away to its new location. The old school building is set to become a center for heritage protection and cultural protection. Theproject marks the first time this “walking machine” method has been used inShanghaito relocate a historical building.In recent years,China’s rapid modernization has seen many historic buildingsrazedto clear land for skyscrapers and office buildings. But there has been growing concern about the architectural heritage loss as a result of destruction across the country.Shanghaihas beenChina’s most progressive city when it comes to heritage preservation. The survival of a number of 1930s buildings in the famous Bund district and 19th-century “Shikumen” houses in the repaired Xintiandi neighborhood has offered examples of how to give old buildings new life. The city also has a track record of relocating old buildings. In 2018, the city relocated a 90-year-old building in Hongkou district, which was then considered to beShanghai’s most complex relocation project to date.8. How did the primary school get moved?A. By reducing the weight of it.B. By using movable supports.C. By dividing it into several parts.D. By using robotic legs.9. What does the underlined word “razed” probably mean in Paragraph 5?A. Replaced.B. Burnt.C. Protected.D. Destroyed.10. What can we infer about the heritage preservation inChina?A. The use of advanced technology leads to growing concern.B. Shanghai is the pioneer in preserving architectural heritage.C.A number of old buildings have been given new life.D. Many historic buildings will be relocated.11. What is the passage mainly about?A. New preservation campaigns are launched inChina.B. New technology gives new life to historic buildings.C. A building inShanghai“walks” to a new location.D. “Walking machine” makes heritage protection simpler.DScientists say baby sharks are at risk of being born smaller and without the energy they need to survive because of warming oceans from climate change.Scientists studied epaulette sharks, which live off Australia and New Guinea. They found that warmer conditions sped up the sharks’ growing process. That meant the sharks were born earlier and very tired. The findings could be used in the study of other sharks, including those that give birth to live young.The scientists studied 27 sharks. Some were raised in average summer water temperatures, about 27 degrees Celsius. Others were raised in higher temperatures around 29 degrees Celsius and 31 degrees Celsius. They found that the sharks raised in the warmest temperatures weighed much less than those raised in average temperatures. They also showed reduced energy levels.Epaulette sharks can grow to a length of about one meter. Their name comes from large spots on their bodies that look like decorations on some military clothing.One study this year found that worldwide numbers of oceanie sharks and rays dropped more than 70 percent between 1970 and 2018. Overfishing is a main concern, while climate change and pollution also threaten shark.Carolyn Wheeler is a doctoral student at the University of Massachusetts Boston and with the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies at James Cook University in Australia. She was the lead author of the epaulette shark study. She said that while all the sharks survived, those raised in warmer temperatures were not strong enough to survive for long in the wild.She added that if the sharks are born smaller than usual “they are probably going to have to start looking for food sooner—and they’re going to have less time to adjust to their surroundings.” The study should serve as a warning to ocean governing agencies that careful management is needed to prevent the loss of more sharks.12. In what aspect do the warmer conditions affect the baby sharks?A. Their food.B. Their body weight.C. Their living habits.D. Their moving route.13. How did the scientists carry out their study?A. By studying former data.B. By tracking sharks in the wild.C. By collecting information about climate change.D. By comparing sharks in waters of different temperatures14. What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about?A. The origin of sharks’ names.B. The sharks’ appearance.C. The threats to sharks’ survival.D. The sharks’ living environment.15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Scientists Raise Sharks to Deal with ProblemsB. Global Warming Has Reduced Shark PopulationsC. Baby Sharks Struggle to Survive in Warming OceansD. Scientists Are Struggling to Save Sharks from Extinction第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020届上海市嘉定区疁城实验学校高三英语一模试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIf you are planning to visit the historic capital city of Scotland, Edinburgh, a travel destination that people crowd to from around the world, and want to attend one Festival while you are there, keep on reading to discover more information.AKA. Imaginate Festival When: 22 May – 2 June 2021Where: Traverse Theater, Assembly RoxyA festival where kids take overEdinburgh. With a whole range of free pop-up performances, take your kids to see some of the most inspiring theatre and dance from a whole range of talented performers.EdinburghInternational Film Festival When: 19 June – 29 June 2021Where: Film House, Festival TheaterOriginally the very best in international film, it was established in 1947. The dynamic programme features everything from documentaries to shorts, along with a range of experimental cinema, in an attractive setting with a spray of red carpet charm.EdinburghArt Festival When: 25 July – 25 August 2021Where: City ArtCenter, The Scottish GalleryWith over 40 exhibitions to attend, the Edinburgh Art Festival is theUK’s largest visual arts event where you can see everything from historical works to contemporary masterpieces.The RoyalEdinburghMilitary Tattoo When: 2 – 24 August 2021Where:EdinburghCastleWith a different theme every year, over 200,000 visitors crowd toEdinburghto see the military bands and the symbolic piper set against the backdrop ofEdinburghCastle.1. Who is the AKA. Imaginate Festival intended for?A. Children.B. Talented performers.C. Parents.D. Dancers.2. What’s special about Edinburgh Art Festival?A. It includes all forms of arts.B. It is about great works in history.C. It is the largest festival in the world.D. It lasts for the longest time.3. Which Festival offers performances by soldiers?A. Edinburgh Art FestivalB. AKA. Imaginate FestivalC. The RoyalEdinburghMilitary TattooD.EdinburghInternational Film FestivalBIn a world simultaneously on fire and underwater thanks to climate change, scientists have announced some good news: Several important tuna (金枪鱼) species have stepped back from the edge of extinction.The unexpectedly fast recovery speaks to the success of efforts over the past decade to end overfishing. But tuna are not the only species scientists are discussing at the 2021 World Conservation Congress in Marseille, France, which is organized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Researchers caution that many other marine species remainimperiled. For instance, more than a third of the world's sharks remain threatened with extinction due to overfishing, habitat loss, and climate change.“I think the good news is that sustainable fisheries are possible,” says Beth Polidoro, a marine biologist at Arizona State University. “We can eat fish in a proper way and without driving the population to the point where it is on the road to collapse or extinction."At the same time, she warned that the changes in status should not be an reason to catch as many fish as we want.The IUCN, which ranks the world's most endangered species on its Red List of Threatened Species and is backed by 16,000 experts across the globe, also announced at the meeting that some animals are moving in the other direction, onto the Red List. One notable example is the Komodo dragon, an island-living lizard at particular risk from climate change.For the better part of two decades, Polidoro has been part of a specialist group tasked with assessing the statuses of more than 60 species of tuna and billfishes for the IUCN.Her team announced its first comprehensive findings in 2011, mentioning that a number of commercially fished tuna species were dangerously close to disappearing.According to the new data, the Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus), once listed as endangered, now qualifies for a status of least concern. As does the yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga), which were both considered near-threatened the last time they were assessed.4. What does the underlined word “imperiled” in paragraph 2 mean?A. EndangeredB. ConservedC. ExtinctD. Safe5. What can we infer from Polidoro's words?A. Too many fish are being eaten by human beings.B. Eating fish does not necessarily lead to its extinction.C. Fish species are on the edge of dying out if no action is taken.D. The situation of underwater species are changing for the better.6. Which of following statement is true according to the passage?A. Some Tuna species are wiped out by overfishing.B. Tuna are ranked as the world's most endangered species.C. Climate change poses a threat to most species in water and on land.D. Three tuna species have been saved from extinction according to the data.7. What's the main idea of the passage?A. Some tuna species are reported endangered recently.B. IUCN has helped saved a great many marine species.C. Improvement has been made in saving marine species.D. Great efforts should be made to conserve species underwater.CEvery racehorse has different abilities．Like humans，some are short- distance runners，while others are marathoners．Figuring out which is which and how to pace them can be the difference between failure in the finish and taking the award home．Jockeys（赛马骑师）and trainers have traditionally relied on centuries of experience and data from previous races to plan their races．Amandine Aftalion，a mathematician in Paris，thought she could add to that．Since 2013，she has been analyzing the performances of world champion runners like Usain Bolt．She has found that short-distance runners tend to win when they start strong and gradually slow down toward the finish line．Butin medium-distance races，runners perform better when they start strong，settle down，and finish with a burst of speed．Her model shows how those winning strategies maximize the energy output of muscles reliant on two different pathways：powerful aerobic（有氧的）ones that require oxygen，which can be in limited supply during a race，and anaerobic ones，which don't need oxygen but build up waste products that lead to tiredness．Aftalion wondered which strategy would be best for horses．So she and Quentin Mercier，anothermathematician，took advantage of a new GPS tracking tool inserted in French racing saddles（马鞍）．The two studied patterns in many races at the Chantilly racetracks north of Paris and developed a model that accounted for winning strategies for three different races：a short one(1，300 meters)，a medium one (1,900 meters)，and a slightly longer one (2,100 meters)，all with different starting points on the same track．The model takes into account not just different race distances，but also the size or friction fromthe track surface．The results might surprise jockeys who hold horses back early for bursts of energy in the last finish．Instead，a strong start leads to a better finish，the team found．“That doesn't mean those jockeys are wrong，though．If the start is too strong，it can bedevastatingas well，leaving the horse tired by the end，” Aftalion says．8. What should a runner do to get an award according to the text?A. Make a good start．B. Plan for the race early．C. Run slowly on the starting line．D. Try runningquickly all the time．9. What formed the basis for Aftalion's studying horse race?A The experience and data from previous horse races．B. The benefit of knowing horses' different abilities．C. The success in studying runners' winning strategies．D. The performance of horses on different race distances．10. What does the underlined word“devastating”in the last paragraph mean?A. Boring．B. Damaging．C. Astonishing．D. Puzling．11. What can we infer from the text?A. Runners have the same energy output of muscles．B. Aftalion's findings may help horses to win the race．C. What Jockeys and trainers do makes no sense to horses．D. World champion runners made a contribution to the study．DThermoelectric generators turn waste heat into electricity without producing greenhouse gas emissions, like a free lunch. But the high cost of these devices has prevented their widespread use. Now, researchers have found a way to make cheap thermae-lectrices that work just as well. The work could pave the way for greener car engines, and other energy-generating devices.“This looks like a very smart way to realize high performance,” says Li-Dong Zhao, a materials scientist. Henotes there are still a few more steps before these materials can become high-performing. However, he says, “This will be used in the not too far future.”Thermoelectrics are semiconductor devices placed on a hot surface. That gives them a hot side and a cool side. If a device allows the hot side to warm up the cool side, the electricity stops flowing. A device’s success at preventing this, as well as its ability to conduct electrons, feeds into a score known as the figure of merit, or ZT.Researchers have produced thermoelectric materials with increasing ZTs. The record came in 2014 when Mercouri Kanatzidis came up with a tin selenide with a ZT of 3.1. Yet the material was too fragile to work with. “For practical applications, it’s a non-star-ter,” Kanatzidis says.Getting through that door will still take some time. The tin selenide the team makes is mixed with Na, creating a “p-type” material that conducts positive charges. To make working devices, researchers also need an “n-type” version to conduct negative charges.Zhao’s team is now working on making an n-type version. Once successful, researchers should have a clear path to making a new generation of super-efficient thermoelectric genera-tors. Those could be installed everywhere from automobile exhaust pipes to water heaters and industrial smelters toscavengesome of the 65% of fossil fuel energy that winds up as waste heat.12. The first paragraph wants to tell us________.A. The wide use of thermoelectric generatorsB. The devices of current thermoelectric generatorsC. The reason why researchers make cheap thermoelectricsD. The greener car engines that contribute to environmental protection13. How does Li-Dong Zhao feel about cheap thermoelectric generators?A. Indifferent.B. Optimistic.C. Critical.D. Worried.14. What do you know about the research in 2014 from paragraph 4 and 5?A. It was far from a success for practical applications.B. A tin selenide with a ZT of 3.1 can be easy to work with.C. Researchers made an “n-type” version to make working devicesD. A “p-type” material made from the tin selenide conducts negative charges15. What does the underlined word “scavenge” in the last paragraph mean?A. Recycle.B. Produce.C. Clean.D. Increase.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。