河北省衡水中学2019-2020年高三年级寒假英语作业(2月13日)

English Times New Coronavirus 'Won't Be The Last' Outbreak To Move From Animal ToHumanThe new strain of coronavirus that has killed hundreds of people in Chinaand caused a travel lockdown 一级防范禁闭（期） of some 56 million people,has been classified as a "zoonosis"动物传染病 because of the way it spreadsfrom animals to humans.Science writer David Quammen says the virus, which the World HealthOrganization last week declared a global health emergency, is just the latestexample of how pathogens 病原体 that start in animals are migrating to humanswith increasing frequency — and with deadly consequences."When there's an animal host 宿主, then it becomes much, much moredifficult to eradicate 根除，消灭 or even control an infectious virus,"The civet (above), a mammal in the mongoose family, was a carrier of another coronavirus — SARS. But it turned out in that instance that bats were the original source of the virus.Quammen says. "This novel coronavirus — whether or not it turns out to be a huge catastrophe, or something we can control — one thing we know is that it won't be the last."Quammen's 2012 book, Spillover: Animal Infections and the Next Human Pandemic, traces the rise of different zoonoses around the world, including AIDS, Ebola and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). He says that one of the first questions that arises with any zoonosis pertains to 关于，适用于 the animal host: How is it being transmitted?In the case of the new coronavirus, researchers believe that the virus may have originated with horseshoe bats in China, then could have possibly spread to other animals — which people then ate.Quammen notes that humans are the common link in all zoonoses: "We humans are so abundant and so disruptive 破坏性的 on this planet. ... We're cutting the tropical forests. We're building work camps in those forests and villages. We're eating the wildlife," he says. "You go into a forest and you shake the trees — literally and figuratively — and viruses fallout."Quammen says that the new coronavirus should be taken seriously. But he also warns against panic: "Being educated and understanding it and being ready to respond and support government response is very useful. Panicking and putting on your surgical mask every time you go on a subway ride, an airplane, is not nearly as useful."Interview highlightsOn wild animal "wet" markets where viruses can mixWhen I was in southern China researching [Spillover], only briefly, I got to see some of these markets where all forms of wild animals were on sale. ... By the time I got there, [these sorts of markets] had gone underground .... suppressed after the SARS outbreak. But then [the markets] gradually came back ... allowed tocontinue again and proliferate when this new virus beganOn the theory that palm civets were "amplifier hosts" for the 2003 SARS outbreakThe civet 果子狸 is a type of mammal that belongs to the family of mongooses. But it's a medium-sized animal, and it is both captured from the wild for food and captive-bred and raised for food, and it was the first big suspect in the SARS outbreak. It was found that some of the people who got sick very early on had eaten butchered civet. And they tested some civets and they found evidence of the virus. They found antibodies or fragments of DNA or RNA in these civets, suggesting that they had been infected with the virus. And that didn't prove they were the reservoir host 贮存宿主, but it made them the No. 1 suspect, until a couple of Chinese scientists did further work and they established that, in fact, the virus was not living permanently in the civet population in the wild or in captivity 圈养. It had a different reservoir host. It was living in bats and had passed, presumably 大概；推测起来, at a market somewhere. It had passed from a bat into one or more civets and they became the amplifier host 增幅寄主. ...Thousands of civets in captivity were butchered and electrocuted and smothered and drowned in this first, panicked blind reaction in China to the SARS outbreak.On why bats are often hosts for virusesBats are implicated in what seems to be more than their share of zoonoses. There are a lot of different species of bats. One quarter of all mammal species are bats. But there are other things special about them — including aspects of their immune system. There have been some discoveries lately that bat immune systems are "down-regulated" in a certain way that allows for the metabolic stresses of being a mammal that flies. And the down regulating of the immune system to avoid 2nd IssueFebruary 17,2020overreaction to those stresses seems, perhaps, also to create an environment in which viruses are more tolerated in bats than in other mammals.On how coronaviruses have evolved through different speciesOne of the reasons SARS could adapt from bat to civet to human is the fact that it is a coronavirus, which is a group of viruses that are very readily adaptable. Experts call that intrinsic evolvability. Their rate of mutation 突变is very high when they copy themselves. Their genome contains a lot of mistakes and that represents mutations that are sort of the random, raw material for Darwinian evolution. So viruses that have high mutation rates are able to evolve quickly and adapt quickly. And coronaviruses have that characteristic.On more public investment and research on new virusesThis is absolutely a matter of need for more public investment, more public education, adequately funding, richly funding our CDC（Centers for Disease Control）, the disease programs through the U.S. Agency forInternational Development, the World Health Organization, the equivalent organizations in Great Britain, France, China ... and the other institutions and countries around the world. Yes, we need to be training scientists who will become virus hunters, who will go into those caves in those forests doing the hard, dangerous work, and will go into the laboratories doing the molecular work to help us identify these viruses. And we need our public health officials to be ready with resources and information to deal with these outbreaks — by containment, contact tracing, quarantine and, when it's necessary, isolation. We need more resources, and we need more skills.Kobe Bryant, one of basketball’s greats, dies at 41 Kobe Bryant, the 18-time NBA All-Star who won fivechampionships and became one of the greatest basketball players of hisgeneration during a 20-year career with the Los Angeles Lakers, died ina helicopter crash Sunday. He was 41.Bryant died in the foggy hills above Calabasas, California, about 30miles northwest of downtown Los Angeles, a person familiar with thesituation told The Associated Press 美联社. A different person familiarwith the case confirmed Bryant ’ s 13-year-old daughter Gianna also waskilled. Authorities said nine people were on the helicopter and that allwere presumed dead. No names were released.Both of the AP’s unnamed sources spoke on condition of anonymitybecause few details of the crash had been released publicly. The crashhappened around 10 a.m.Federal Aviation Administration spokesman Allen Kenitzer said the helicopter was a Sikorsky S-76, and it was not known what caused the crash.Bryant lived south of Los Angeles in coastal Orange County for much of his adult life, and he often used helicopters to save time and avoid Southern California’s notorious声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的traffic. He often travelled to practices and games by helicopter before his playing career ended in 2016, and he kept up the practice after retirement as he attended to his business ventures.The crash occurred about 20 miles from Mamba Sports Academy, Bryant’s basketball training complex in Thousand Oaks, California.Bryant, who had four daughters with his wife, Vanessa, dedicatedhimself to boosting women ’ s sports in recent years, coaching andmentoring basketball players. Gianna, better known as Gigi, was a talentedbasketball player.Bryant retired nearly four years ago as the thirdleading scorer inNBA history, finishing two decades with the Lakers as a prolific shooterwith a sublime all-around game and a relentless competitive ethic. He heldthat spot in the league scoring ranks until Saturday night, when the Lakers ’LeBron James passed him during a game in Philadelphia, Bryant’s hometown.“Continuing to move the game forward (at)KingJames,” Bryant wrote inhis last tweet. “Much respect my brother.” Basketball legend Kobe Bryant, 13-year-old daughter, seven others dead in helicopter crashOn Saturday night, James said he was “happy just to be in any conversation with Kobe Bean Bryant, one of the all-time greatest basketball player to ever play. One of the all-time greatest Lakers.”News of Bryant’s death inspired an outpouring of grief around the sports world and beyond, but it was felt particularly painfully in Los Angeles, where Bryant was unquestionably the most popular athlete and one of the city’s most beloved public figures.The Lakers’ next game isn’t until Tuesday night against the crosstown rival Clippers, but hundreds of fans – many in Bryant jerseys and Lakers gear – spontaneously gathered at Staples Center and in the surrounding LA Live entertainment complex on Sunday, weeping and staring at video boards with Bryant’s image before the Grammy awards ceremony.The NBA kept its games on as scheduled when the news broke, but the San Antonio Spurs and Toronto Raptors both took voluntary 24-second shot clock violations at the start of their game in honour of Bryant, who wore No. 24 for the second half of his career.Bryant opened a production company and entered the entertainment field in retirement. He won an Academy Award in 2018 for his contributions to “Dear Basketball,” an animated short动画短片about his relationship to the game. He also produced content for ESPN.‘This is not real right now’: The world reacts to the death of basketball superstar Kobe Bryant and his daughterCanada’s basketball community mourns Kobe Bryant after tragic helicopter crashBryant had one of the greatest careers in recent NBA history and became one of the game’s most popular players as the face of the 16-time NBA champion Lakers franchise. He was the league MVP in 2008 and a twotime NBA scoring champion. He earned 12 selections to the NBA’s All-Defensive teams.He teamed with Shaquille O’Neal in a combustible partnership to lead the Lakers to NBA titles in 2000, 2001 and 2002. He later teamed with Pau Gasol to win two more titles in 2009 and 2010.“There’s no words to express the pain I’m going through with this tragedy of loosing my niece Gigi & my brother (at)KobeBryant,” O’Neal wrote on Twitter. “I’m sick right now.”A two-time Olympic gold medallist with the dominant U.S. team, Bryant retired in 2016 after scoring 60 points in his final NBA game. In December 2017, the Lakers hung banners retiring his No. 8 and No. 24 jerseys in the Staples Center rafters in an unprecedented double honour.Bryant looms large显得突出over the current generation of NBA players, most of whom grew up either idolizing Bryant or absorbing his work ethic and competitive spirit in the same way Bryant ’ s generation learned from Michael Jordan. After James passed Bryant on Saturday, he remembered listening to Bryant when the superstar came to speak at a childhood basketball camp.“I remember one thing he said: If you want to be great at it, or want to be one of the greats, you’ve got to put the work in,” James said.James later teamed up with Bryant on the 2008 U.S. Olympic team in Beijing.“He had zero flaws offensively,” James said. “Zero. You backed off of him, he could shoot the 3. You body him up a little bit, he could go around you. He could shoot from mid-range. He could post. He could make free throws. … He was just immortal offensively because of his skill set and his work ethic.”Bryant was a basketball superstar for his entire adult life. He entered the NBA draft straight out of high school in 1996 after a childhood spent partly in Italy, where his father, former NBA player Joe “ Jellybean ” Bryant, played professionally. He spoke four languages, and was a huge part of the NBA’s international growth, travelling the world, connecting with athletes in other sports and celebrities.The Lakers acquired the 17-year-old Bryant in a trade shortly after Charlotte drafted him, and he immediately became one of the most exciting and intriguing迷人的players in the sport alongside O’Neal, who had signed with the Lakers as a free agent. Bryant won the Slam Dunk Contest as a rookie, and the Lakers gradually grew into a team that won three consecutive championships.Bryant and Spanish star Pau Gasol formed the nucleus of another championship team in 2008, reaching three straight NBA Finals and winning two more titles.Between those title runs and before the quiet final years of his career, Bryant accomplished innumerable feats including an 81-point game against Toronto in January 2006. Bryant’s final NBA seasons were dogged by injuries, but he still went into retirement with that jaw-dropping 60-point performance against Utah.J-LO AND SHAKIRA'S STREAMING NUMBERS SPIKE AFTER SUPERBOWL HALFTIME SHOWAfter their Super Bowl Halftime performance, both JenniferLopez and Shakira saw massive spikes猛增in their streamingnumbers.Other musicians who performed at the big game alsoincreased their streaming numbers. National anthem singer DemiLovato's streams increased on Spotify by 31 percent. Halftimeshow guests J. Balvin and Bad Bunny also saw small spikes intheir streams on Spotify by 16 percent and 24 percent respectively.Unsurprisingly, the hits sang during the halftime show sawthe biggest increases. Shakira's"Empire" was a standout from the event, in termsof Spotify streams. It saw a whopping巨大的2,135 percent increase from the week before, dwarfing the increased streams from the other singles. Despite not meeting the same number of streams as "Empire," the other songs Shakira performed still saw massive spikes. "She Wolf" increased by over 905 percent. "Whenever, Wherever," jumped more than 705 percent, and her 2005 hit "Hips Don't Lie" increased by 430 percent.Lopez saw similar increases on Spotify Her 2005 single "Get Right" had the largest leap by over 735 percent. "Waiting for Tonight" increased by 685 percent. "Let's Get Loud" and "Jenny from the Block" both jumped by over 500 percent each.Besides steaming, the two artists saw a massive increase in sales for their catalogs. In total, their sales increased by 893 percent on Super Bowl Sunday, according to Billboard. On February 2, Shakira sold 13,000 downloads, over a 900 percent increase from just over 1,000 downloads sold on February 1. Lopez sold 8,000 downloads, an 800 percent increase from just under 1,000 downloads on February 1.Similarly, the highest-selling songs were those performed on Sunday. Shakira's "Whenever, Wherever" topped download sales with 4,000 copies sold. Lopez's 2011 hit "On The Floor" was her highest seller with 2,000 downloads sold.The jumps in streams help make up for the fact that neither performer was paid for their performance. According to Forbes, Lopez and Shakira are only paid union scale and production costs.An increase in streaming and song sales has been a frequent occurrence in recent years. Previous Super Bowl halftime acts Justin Timberlake and Lady Gaga saw similar spikes in streams and album sales after their performances. Timberlake's Spotify streams increased by 214 percent after his 2018 performance. Gaga's Joanne hit no. 2 on the Billboard charts, after her performance in 2017.HOW WILL BREXIT AFFECT YOUR EUROPEAN V ACATION?Brexit is finally here. Britain is officially leaving the EuropeanUnion (EU) today, January 31. T his major change will cause aripple effect of travel issues for American tourists planning a tripto Europe, especially those planning a stop in Britain. While theU.K. will be in a transition period from February 1 to December 31,any new travel regulations that come with Brexit will apply from2021.The controversial exit will inevitably不可避免地meantravel-related logistical difficulties for all Europeans, with therebeing no more visa-free travel within the Schengen area (the 22remaining EU countries as well as Iceland, Norway, Switzerlandand Lichtenstein).But Brexit will also have consequences for Americans visiting Britain and the rest of Europe. Here we look at what U.S. travelers should know if they're heading to Britain post-Brexit. Flight cancellations and delaysAmericans planning on a stopover in Britain before traveling elsewhere in Europe may be subject to（遭受；受影响）flight delays and cancellations.Post Brexit, Britain is longer part of an "open skies" agreement among countries with the European Common Aviation Area (ECAA), which includes EU states and a few other nations, that allows air travel between ECAA member countries.With Britain no longer being a part of the ECAA, airlines will need to seek permission to fly to an EU country, while carriers in EU countries will need to do the same for flights to the U.K. If permissions aren't granted（批准同意）in time before scheduled departures, several flights may either be delayed or even grounded until permissions are granted.Tourists traveling directly to an EU country from the U.S., however, will not experience any changes because of Brexit due to an existing air transport agreement between the EU and the U.S. which allows all transatlantic routes to be opened up to EU and US airline companies.Likewise, tourists who plan on traveling only to Britain will also need not worry about flight regulation changes after Brexit. While the U.S. is among the 17 non-EU countries where Britain's air travel agreements are covered under EU membership, in November 2018 the U.K. established a separate air service agreement with the U.S. that allows transatlantic flights between the two countries to remain unaffected following Brexit.More expensive flightsAmericans have been taking advantage of the pound becoming weaker since the Brexit vote in 2016. The U.K. Office for National Statistics previously reported that 21 percent more visitors came to the U.K. in the first three months of 2017, spending a record amount of money.Americans reportedly spent around $4.4 billion in the U.K. between January and September in 2019, with the country having received a total of 3.5 million visits from the U.S. in that period, according to the latest International Passenger Survey from VisitBritain.But Americans traveling from Britain to an EU country are likely to face hiked flight prices because European airlines will have to pay more fees to fly within U.K. airspace, which is no longer part of an open skies agreement allowing free travel. Therefore, airlines may be forced to foot the bill by increasing air fares for passengers traveling between Britain and the EU countries.Longer wait times at airportsFrom 2021, British passport holders will have to join American travelers on queues for non-EU passport holders at European airports, so getting through customs will take longer than before.Airport delays in Europe will also result from officials having to take a closer look at the expiration终结dates of passports. After Brexit, British travelers visiting an EU country will need to have at least six months left on their passports to be allowed to travel, whereas before officials only needed to check that the passport hadn't expired. The six-month passport rule will also apply to American tourists traveling to an EU country from Britain.On the upside从好的方面看, if you're only planning to visit Britain, at the moment American tourists visiting the U.K. no longer need to fill out landing cards and can access automatic ePassport gates, so Americans no longer need to queue to be approved for entry by a U.K. customs officer. "These gates use facial recognition technology to check your identity against the photo in your passport," the U.K. Home Office government website notes, so it only requires passports to be scanned at the gate.But to use the ePassport gates, you must be aged 12 or over (if you're between 12 and 17, you must be accompanied by an adult) as well as have a valid visa or a biometric residence permit and a passport with a 'chip' on it. Your passport must also be valid for the duration of your stay, the Home Office adds.More expensive hotelsWhile flights to Britain might be cheaper due to the weaker pound, Americans may also have to compete with U.K. domestic travelers who are likely to opt for选择"staycations" at home in Britain due to their usual European vacations now being more expensive and more of a logistical nightmare following Brexit, with there no longer being visa-free travel between the U.K. and EU countries. T herefore, the demand for U.K. hotels is likely to climb with Brexit, which will come with rising prices. This may be the same case for hotels in the rest of Europe.Hotel guests may also bear the cost of higher pay offered for jobs at hotels in the U.K. Hotels may be forced to offer higher wages to provide more incentives激励机制for Europeans to apply for U.K. jobs to maintain hotel staff numbers, which is likely to dwindle due to EU citizens no longer being allowed to live and work visafree in the U.K. Additional security screening Unrelated to Brexit but also in effect from next year, it will be mandatory强制的for U.S. travelers heading to an EU country to register for the European Travel Information and Authorization System (ETIAS). The new system is designed to be an extra security measure for travelers who have visa-free access to countries in the EU, such as U.S. travelers."Starting in 2021, the European Commission will roll out a U.S. style electronic travel authorization system for visitors from countries that are currently not part of the EU. These visitors have been granted visa-free access to the EU and Schengen member countries through virtue of their good track record on security issues and, thus, have not been deemed as 被视为a threat to EU security," the ETIAS explains."However, the EU is wanting to strengthen its border security as well as digitally screen and track travelers entering and leaving EU countries.""Under the ETIAS, these visitors will undergo additional security checks prior to being permitted to enter into the EU," it adds.。

河北省衡水中学2019-2020学年高三下学期二调英语试题第I卷（选择题)一、阅读理解My Favourite BooksJo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series(系列) of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads.MatildaRoald DahlI once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl’s writing and it gave mea new appreciation for his strange and delightful words. Matilda’s battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress, Miss Trunchbull, are equally funny and frightening, but they’re also aspirational.After DarkHaruki MurakamiIt’s about two sisters—Eri, a model who either won’t or can’t stop sleeping, and Mari, a young student. In trying to connect to her sister, Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse “night people” who are hiding secrets.Gone GirlGillian FynnThere was a bit of me that didn’t want to love this when everyone else on the planet did, but the horror story is brilliant. There’s tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. It’s a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what’s going on is horribly enjoyable.The StandStephen KingThis is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the world’s population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those left. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever.1．Who does “I” refer to in the text?A．Stephen King. B．Gillian Flynn.C．Jo Usmar. D．Roald Dahl.2．Which of the following tells about Mari and Eri?A．Cosmopolitan. B．Matilda.C．After Dark. D．The Stand.3．What kind of book is G one Girl?A．A folk tale. B．A biography.C．A love story. D．A horror story.“You can use me as a last resort(选择), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids’ lacrosse(长曲棍球) club.I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on … At this point the unwilling parent speaks u p, “Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.”I’m secretly relieved because I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community(社区) as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. V olunteering just feels so good.In that sense, I’m pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I’d freely like to admit. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies?4．What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph l？A．She knows little about the club.B．She isn’t good at sports.C．She just doesn’t want to volunteer.D．She’s unable to meet her schedule.5．What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Encourage teamwork.B．Appeal to feelings.C．Promote good deeds.D．Provide advice.6．What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3?A．She gets interested in lacrosse.B．She is proud of her kids.C．She’ll work for another season.D．She becomes a good helper.7．Why does the author like doing volunteer work?A．It gives her a sense of duty.B．It makes her very happy.C．It enables her to work hard.D．It brings her material rewards.Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” time. And like more Americans, she’s not alone.A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know?” Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today, I just wanted some time to myself,” she said.Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at thebar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he’s on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流). “I reflect on how my day’s gone and think about the rest of the week,” he said. “It’s a chance for self-reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.”That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn’t feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report.8．What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?A．Food variety.B．Eating habits.C．Table manners.D．Restaurant service.9．Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?A．To meet with her coworkers.B．To catch up with her work.C．To have some time on her own.D．To collect data for her report.10．What do we know about Mazoleny?A．He makes videos for the bar.B．He’s fond of the food at the bar.C．He interviews customers at the bar.D．He’s familiar with the barkeeper.11．What is the text mainly about?A．The trend of having meals alone.B．The importance of self-reflection.C．The stress from working overtime.D．The advantage of wireless technology.Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronautsspend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? It’s turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon’s stude nts have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they’re close to a solution(解决方案). “We don’t give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers,” says Florence Gold, a project manager.“There are no tests,” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than ‘Are you working towards your goal?’ Basically, it’s ‘I’ve got to produce this product and then, at the end of year, present it to NASA．’ Engineers come and really do anin-person review, and...it’s not a very nice thing at times. It’s a hard business review of your product.”Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. “These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don’t teach.” And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.12．What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?A．They are hard to get rid of. B．They lead to air pollution.C．They appear in different forms. D．They damage the instruments. 13．What is the purpose of the HUNCH program?A．To strengthen teacher-student relationships.B．To sharpen students’ comm unication skills.C．To allow students to experience zero gravity.D．To link space technology with school education.14．What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program?A．Check their product. B．Guide project designs.C．Adjust work schedules. D．Grade their homework.15．What is the best title for the text?A．NASA: The Home of AstronautsB．Space: The Final Homework FrontierC．Nature: An Outdoor ClassroomD．HUNCH: A College Admission Reform二、完形填空There are many reasons why students don't do well in school．Sometimes it's related to，for example，learning challenges，an 16 to connect with an instructor，or simply being bored．These reasons are relevant to me as a former at-risk student．In the 10th grade，I failed 6 of 7 classes because I didn't 17 with the teacher's teaching method，and 18 with students who didn't care about school．As a result，I 19 10th grade and was assigned to Ms．Felder's office．Ms．Felder made it clear that my 20 behavior wouldn't be allowed．She also provided a（n）21 direction that I didn't want，but really needed at that time．Our ongoing conversations didn't 22 change my behavior，although it was the first time an educator showed any 23 for me．The previous school year I didn't receive any offer of 24 from my teachers．The 25 during my second attempt at 10th grade was Ms．Felder - who was everywhere I didn't want her to be．She was always in my 26 ：checking-in，providing guidance，and supporting my growth．I didn't want her 27 ，but it's one of the best things that happened in my life．This seemingly 28 year with Ms．Felder made a change in my thinking and behavior，29 unfortunately it would take many years before my performance and expectations for myself would slowly change．My 30 journey was very difficult．Part of the reason that I 31 pushing forward was that I 32 that Ms．Felder told me to do better and have higher expectations for myself．After many years of academic 33 ，I graduated with my undergraduate degree from a famous university；"Ms．Felder：Thank you for being there，supporting this once 34 youth．Please know that the lessons you taught me are now 35 with at-risk students through my work to help them to be and do better，too．" 16．A．inability B．interest C．indication D．inspiration 17．A．agree B．deal C．connect D．meet 18．A．exchanged B．associated C．argued D．competed 19．A．feared B．hated C．stayed D．repeated 20．A．violent B．awesome C．strange D．bad21．A．unfair B．improper C．tough D．easy 22．A．regularly B．luckily C．clearly D．immediately 23．A．doubt B．comment C．concern D．duty 24．A．assistance B．examination C．scold D．explanation 25．A．opportunity B．problem C．challenge D．difference 26．A．plan B．business C．system D．career 27．A．introduction B．influence C．involvement D．information 28．A．unbearable B．useful C．universal D．unique 29．A．so B．if C．but D．because 30．A．spiritual B．educational C．professional D．technical 31．A．suggested B．avoided C．considered D．kept 32．A．remembered B．recorded C．noted D．determined 33．A．applications B．struggles C．performances D．researches 34．A．absent-minded B．at-risk C．kind-hearted D．hard-working 35．A．shared B．compared C．agreed D．combined第II卷（非选择题)三、七选五Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question: “Should I jump?” This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of same coin. 36．Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided.37．More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values, your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc. Only then should you set your goals.You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. 38．So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity(清晰) of thoughts can help you move forward.Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible. 39．They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting yourgoals.Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a pilot but can’t become one because your eyesight is not good enough. 40．You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.A．This can affect your work.B．So how should you motivate yourself?C．However, this should not discourage you.D．So why should we try to set specific goals?E. They can change according to circumstances.F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.G. Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it.四、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

第一部分：阅读理解ASome people will do just about anything to save money. And I am one of them. Take my family’s last vacation. It was my six-year-old son’s winter break f rom school, and we were heading home from Fort Lauderdale after a week long trip. The flight was overbooked, and Delta, the airline, offered us $400 per person in credits to give up our seats and leave the next day. I had meetings i n New York，so I had to get back. But that didn't mean my husband and my son couldn't stay. I took my nine-month-old and took off for home.The next day my husband and son were offered more credits to take an even later flight. Yes, I encouraged—okay,ordered—them to wait it out at the airport, to "earn" more Delta Dollars. Our total take: $1, 600. Not bad, huh?Now some people may think I'm a bad mother and not such a great wife either. But as a big-time bargain hunter, I know the value of a dollar. And these days, a good deal is something few of us can afford to pass up.I've made a living looking for the best deals and exposing (揭露) the worst tricks. I have been the consumer reporter of NBC's Today show for over a decade. I have written a couple of books including one titled Tricks of the Trade: A Consumer Survival Guide. And I really do what I believe in. I tell you this because there is no shame in getting your money’s worth. I’m also tightfisted when it comes to shoes, clothes for my children, and expensive restaurants. But I wouldn't hesitate to spend on a good haircut. It keep s its shape longer, and it's the first thing people notice. And I will also spend on a classic piece of furniture. Quality lasts.1. Why did Delta give the author's family credits?A. They took a later flight.B. They had early bookings.C. Their flight had been delayed.D. Their flight had been canceled.2. What can we learn about the author?A. She rarely misses a good deal.B. She seldom makes a compromise.C. She is very strict with her childrenD. She is interested in cheap products.3. What does the author do?A. She's a teacher.B. She's a housewife.C. She's a media person.D. She's a businesswoman. 4. What does the author want to tell us?A. How to expose bad tricks.B. How to reserve airline seats.C. How to spend money wisely,D. How to make a business deal.BTake a walk through Washington and you’ll find plenty of marble memorials(纪念碑). But is that what the future of the memorial-rich city holds? If the winners of a new design competition have their way, probably not.The Memorials for the Future design competition invited submissions (意见书) from teams throughout the world. Though, the memorials selected won’t actually be built in the city, they were intended to start a discussion about how to think of memorials in a very different future.Climate Chronograph, the winning project by Team Azimuth Land Craft, greatly departs from memorials as we know them. The project memorializes the harmful effects of climate change by suggesting a memorial at Hains Point, a spot between the Potomac River and Washington Channel. Just 100 years ago, the man-made island was part of the river. It came into existence after the National Park Service decided to turn the confluence(合流点) of the waters into a tidal basin to protect the nearby National Mall from floods.Those floods are expected to come more and more often as the climate changes. Climate Chronograph will memorialize those changes by planting cherry trees as a kind of tidal gauge(潮位计) that can be used by future visitors to determine just how much water levels have risen.The other winning projects include a project that frees mechanical parrots that fly over the Jefferson Memorial and collect and retell stories about monuments，a podcast (播客) platform that puts immigrant stories on public transportation, and an interactive memorial that brings national parks to the D. C. Metro. The competition also produced a report that points to ways America can better memorialize the things that matter—strategies that could help cities save money and space.That’s good news, especially given that D.C.’s iconic Mall has been closed to new construction. The memorials of the future won’t just turn collective memories toward the stories of new phenomena and groups like climate change and immigrants. Rather, it seems tha t they’ll make use of space in new creative ways—no marble needed.5. What is the purpose of the design competition?A. To select the best design team.B. To find new uses for old memorials.C. To design new memorials for Washington.D. To explore new ways of experiencing memorials.6. What can be used to replace the underlined word “departs” in Paragraph 3?王道阅读（Assignment2)A. differsB. benefitsC. suffersD. learns7. What do we know about Climate Chronograph?A. It will be located in a park.B. It will be built after the competition.C. It clearly shows the effects of climate change.D. It uses high-tech equipment to measure climate change.8. What would be the best title for the text?A. A memorial to a sad future.B. Marble memorials are out of date.C. Climate Chronograph, memorial for our future.D. What will the memorials of the future look like?CAs has been all too apparent in recent days at Balcombe, few issues cause greater concern than energy policy. Many village communities feel their countryside is being ruined by the power-producing machines of wind farms; yet they never take "direct action", even though the planning laws put them at a severe disadvantage. And the generous subsidies (财政补贴) , which encourage the expansion of wind power, are not favorable to the village communities and set landowners in conflict with other residents (居民) .Those who disagree with the rapid expansion of wind farms state that the damage they cause is out of proportion(比例) to the benefits they bring, because their energy output cannot match that of the carbon-based power stations they are supposed to replace. Supporters insist that wind must be part of a mix of renewables, nuclear and carbon, and that the country is committed to meeting EU ( European Union) targets for non-carbon energy generation.Against this background, the fact that there is an argument within the Government over whether to publish an official report on wind farms' impact on the countryside becomes even more extraordinary. The two parties in the coalition (联合) government are in disagreement over what it should say.We have some advice for the two parties: publish the report, and let the country be the judge. Even if it contains evidence that wind farms are harmful, it will hardly be a pleasant surprise to people who do not like them. Equally, supporters must argue their case by acknowledging the concerns and explaining why they are either misplaced or worthy of much attention.The suggestion that further negotiations are to take place to produce an "acceptable" report suggests that the politics of coalition government are doing the country harm in a certain way. Given the sensitivities involved, all the information should be available so that people can reach their own conclusions, rather than being left with the suspicion（猜疑）that facts are being replaced by political beliefs.9. We can learn from the first paragraph that__________.A. energy policy catches much attention of the publicB. the residents are in favor of the expansion of wind farmsC. many village communities are satisfied with the subsidiesD. the planning laws offer great benefits to the residents10. Supporters think that the expansion of wind power____.A. is more rapid than that of carbon-based powerB. guarantees an increase in energy outputC. is expected to be much better than that of nuclear powerD. agrees with EU targets for non-carbon energy generation11. It can be inferred from the passage that____.A. an official report will settle the energy problemB. the two parties are divided over the issue of wind farmsC. the two parties have agreed on a further negotiationD. political beliefs concerning energy issue go against facts12. Which of the following reflects the author's opinion?A. Increase political impact on energy policy.B. Release a statement of supporters on wind farms.C. Let the nation judge the facts about wind power.D. Leave the two parties to reach their own conclusions.DA block chain is a data structure that stores time-ordered data in an ever-growing list, like an accounting ledger (分类账簿). The block chain data structure is maintained using a distributed, peer-to-peer network(对等网络) of computers with no central “master”. As wit h many new concepts, block chain technology generates much optimism and also a huge amount of interest and excitement. Just what is it good for?In short, block chains may improve any process where people need to access, confirm, send or store information securely. This information could be a person’s identity, a product’s shipment history or digital property like money.Typical databases, spreadsheets (电子数据表), and ledgers store information about objects, people, and the interactions between them. Much of t he world’s information, from credit card transactions to medical and financial records, is stored in these types of systems.These types of systems have considerable, well-documented weaknesses that arise from their being centralized. A centralized record is hard to understand and is exposed to unauthorized access or distribution. It is also, because it is a ‘master’ copy, exposed to permanent changing or deletion.Block chains are also used to store information. Crucially, however, they differ in two ways.First, information is parceled up into blocks and sealed. Bitcoin, for example, which is the most famous practical example of a production block chain, stores all transactions across the network every ten minutes or so in a single, newly formed block. Each block is then added to the previous one to form a chain.Second, this “chain of blocks” is not stored centrally. Instead, each block is copied and distributed around an entire network of peers - be they individuals, public institutions, or businesses - u sing distributed ledger technology. (The terms “block chain” and “distributed ledger” are often used interchangeably; for the sake of clarity, block chain technologies tend to employ distributed ledger technology.)Each time someone adds a new block to the chain, meanwhile it is added to everyone’s copy. 13．What is the biggest strength of a block chain?A．It promotes people’s enthusiasm about new technology.B．It strengthens the security of processing information.C．It enables people to store more data in time order.D．It stores a large part of world’s information.14．The typical systems used to store information are weak in that ________.A．they are difficult to operate B．they can be accessed easilyC．they have a central “master”D．they store considerable documents 15．The passage is developed mainly by ________.A．making comparisons B．giving examplesC．making a list D．showing the effect and causes 16．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A．To analyze the weaknesses of typical systems.B．To encourage the popularity of the block chain.C．To introduce the new concept of the block chain.D．To compare the two different data structures.第二节(共5小题; 每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

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was took to the center that some thought it might not survived. However, it surprised us all that the
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baby dog health began to improve. It must be a strong dog. I love the experience at the center or I
design a poster about garbage classification.
The competition is open to anyone. The designs, using both Chinese and English, can be hand-drawn or digitally produced. Submissions can be made as an individual or as a team. Please hand in your work before April 22nd to Miss Li in Room 102. The designs will be displayed form April 23rd to May 10th in the school hall and on our school website. The award ceremony will be held on May 15th and the awards for winners will be amazing.
听力： 1-5CBCAC 6-10CACBA 11-15CBBAB 16-20ACABA 阅读： A: BCA B: CADB C: BBCC D：DBDA 36-40 BGADE 完形: 41-45 BBCAC 46-50 DADBB 51-55 AADBC 56-60 DACBC 语法填空：61. was founded 62.events 63. Elected 64. at 65. being inspired 66. who/that 67. an 68. to organize 69. awareness 70. largest