世界种子植物分布区类型 中英对照 吴征镒 2006

Phytogeographical Analysis of Seed Plant Genera in ChinaHONG QIAN 1,2,*,SILONG WANG 2,JIN-SHENG HE 3,JUNLI ZHANG 4,LISONG WANG 5,XIANLI WANG 6and KE GUO 71Research and Collections Center,Illinois State Museum,1011East Ash Street,Springfield,IL 62703,USA,2Center for Forest Ecology and Forestry Eco-engineering,Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,72Wenhua Road,Shenyang,Liaoning 110016,China,3Department of Ecology,College of Environmental Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China,4School of Life Sciences,Sun Yatsen University,Guangzhou 510275,China,5Research Center of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China,6Department of Renewable Resources,University of Alberta,Edmonton,Alberta T6G 2H1,Canada and 7Research Center of Plant Ecology and Biodiversity Conservation,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,ChinaReceived:16May 2006Returned for revision:14June 2006Accepted:25July 2006Background and Aims A central goal of biogeography and ecology is to uncover and understand distributional patterns of organisms.China has long been a focus of attention because of its rich biota,especially with respect to ing 290floras from across China,this paper quantitatively characterizes the composition of floristic elements at multiple scales (i.e.national,provincial and local),and explores the extent to which climatic and geographical factors associated with each flora can jointly and independently explain the variation in floristic elements in local floras.Methods A study was made of 261local floras,28province-level floras and one national-level flora across China.Genera of seed plants in each flora were assigned to 14floristic elements according to their worldwide geographical distributions.The composition of floristic elements was related to climatic and geographical factors.Key Results and Conclusions Variations in percentages of cosmopolitan,tropical and temperate genera among local floras tend to be greater at higher latitudes than at lower titude is strongly correlated with the proportions of 13of the 14floristic elements.Correlations of the proportions of floristic elements with longitude are much weaker than those with latitude.Climate represented by the first principal component of a principal component analysis was strongly correlated with the proportions of floristic elements in local floras (|r |=0Á7560Á18).Geographical coordinates independently explained about four times as much variation in floristic elements as did climate.Further research is necessary to examine the roles of water–energy dynamics,geology,soils,biotic interactions,and historical factors such as land connections between continents in the past and at present in creating observed floristic patterns.Key words:Biogeography,climate,floristics,latitudinal gradient,regionalization,seed plants.INTRODUCTIONA central goal of biogeography and ecology is to uncover and understand distributional patterns of organisms.China has long been a focus of attention because of its rich biota,especially with respect to plants (Wu,1991;Axelrod et al.,1998).The composition of the flora of China has been well documented through the compilation of the Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae (an 80-volume set of 125books,all having been published during 1959–2004),the Flora of China (Wu and Raven,1994to present;11volumes having been published),and many regional,provincial and local floras.Although China is nearly identical in size and of similar latitudinal breadth to the United States (9Á6vs.9Á4million km 2),the vascular plant flora of China is richer than that of the USA by a factor of 1Á6(Qian and Ricklefs,1999).Of the world’s estimated 260140species of vascular plants (Mabberley,1997),approximately 30000(or 11Á5%)occur in China.The earliest (at least 124Á6million years old)angiospermmegafossil known to date,from the Archaefructaceae,is found in China (Sun et al.,2002).China is also the only country in the world that supports vegetational continuity from tropical,subtropical,temperate to boreal forests (Axelrod et al.,1998).This unbroken latitudinal gradient of forest vegetation,together with many north–south-orientated,highly rugged mountain ranges in south-western China,presumably reduced rates of extinction when advances and retreats of Pleistocene glaciations forced plant species to migrate southward and northward in response to climate change.Furthermore,the collision of the Indian subcontinent with the Asian continent com-mencing about 50million years ago (Ma)created highly dissected and elevated landscapes in China,which made the region not only an important centre of survival (i.e.a ‘living museum’or ‘refugia’),but also an important centre of speciation and evolution (i.e.a ‘cradle’)for vascular plants (Axelrod et al .,1998;Qian,2002).Many genera and families of vascular plants can be found nowhere else (Ying et al .,1993).The flora of China is considered to be a mixture of Laurasian,Gondwanan and Tethyan*For correspondence.E-mail hqian@ Annals of Botanydoi:10.1093/aob/mcl192,available online at ÓThe Author 2006.Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company.All rights reserved.For Permissions,please email:journals.permissions@elements (Wu,1988),thus providing unique opportunities for addressing numerous important issues concerning global biogeography.A major approach used to characterize a flora or fauna and to determine its biogeographical relationships with other regions is to group the taxa that comprise the flora or fauna of a given geographical area into geographical elements or types,defined according to the geographical range of taxa (Stott,1981).Zhengyi Wu (C.Y.Wu)used this approach to characterize the flora of China at the generic level,based on floristic relationships between China and the rest of the world.He grouped the genera of Chinese seed plants into 15areal types (floristic or phytogeographical elements),based on their worldwide distributions,and the results of his studies were reported in several publications (e.g.Wu,1980,1991;Wu and Wang,1983).Following his classification,several hundred regional,provincial and local floras in China have been analysed.Each analysis tabulated the number of genera in each of the 15areal types.However,none has analysed multiple floras except for a few studies that focused on a particular region (e.g.Shen and Zhang 2000).Little is known about how floristic patterns are related to climatic conditions and geographical factors.The objectives of this study were to characterize quantitatively the composition of floristic elements in floras across China at multiple scales and to explore theextent to which geographical variables (titude,longitude,area,elevation)and climatic variables (e.g.temperature and precipitation)can jointly as well as independently explain the variation in each of the different floristic elements in local floras.In addition,the present paper updates tabulations of genera in each of Wu’s floristic elements for all of China and each of its provinces.MATERIALS AND METHODSData setsA database was compiled that included all genera of seed plants known in China primarily based upon the Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae ,Flora of China ,regional and provincial floras,and journal articles pertinent to the flora of China.Electronic data from the Flora of China Checklist (/W3T/Search/FOC/projsfoc.html)and the electronic version of the Flora of China included in eFlora (http://www.efl/)were frequently accessed during this compilation.The information for the presence/absence and native/exotic status of each Chinese seed plant genus was documented for each of the 28Chinese provinces and autonomous regions (all provinces and autonomous regions are referred to as provinces hereafter for convenience of discussion;Fig.1).21915161732281011314282427456121123201819255040L a t i t u d e (°N )3020708090100110Longitude (°E)1201301402627F IG .1.Map showing the locations of the 261local floras (dots)and 28province-level floras (numerical codes)used in this study.Numerical codes for the provinces are:1=Anhui,2=Fujian,3=Gansu,4=Guangdong (including Hong Kong,Shenzhen and Macau),5=Guangxi,6=Guizhou,7=Hainan,8=Hebei (including Beijing and Tianjin),9=Heilongjiang,10=Henan,11=Hubei,12=Hunan,13=Jiangsu,14=Jiangxi,15=Jilin,16=Liaoning,17=Neimenggu,18=Ningxia,19=Qinghai,20=Shaanxi,21=Shandong,22=Shanxi,23=Sichuan (including Chongqing),24=Taiwan,25=Xinjiang,26=Xizang,27=Yunnan,and 28=Zhejiang (including Shanghai).Page 2of 12Qian et al.—Plant Geography of ChinaFollowing Wu(1991,1993),each genus of the Chinese seed plants was assigned to one of the followingfloristic elements based on the native distributions of each genus: cosmopolitan,pantropical,tropical Asian–tropical American,palaeotropical,tropical Asian–tropical Australian,tropical Asian–tropical African,tropical Asian,holarctic,eastern Asian–North American,temperate Eurasian,temperate Asian,Mediterranean,western to central Asian,central Asian,eastern Asian,and Chinese endemic(Table1).Because the geographical limit of Chinese endemics was set by the national border of China and because the nature of thisfloristic element is by and large shared with the eastern Asianfloristic element,as discussed in Qian et al.(2003),the Chinese endemics were combined with the eastern Asianfloristic element in data analyses.Geographical delineations of the14floristic elements are described in Table1.The proportions(in percentages)of genera for each of the14floristic elements in China as a whole and in each of28provinces were tabulated.Data offloristic element composition in localfloras were collected primarily from literature that was exclu-sively published in Chinese.The literature to2003was searched,includingfloras,books,monographs,proceed-ings,theses and journal articles.Data were found on the floristic elements defined by Wu for over300localfloras. The following were excluded:thosefloras that were atypical to a region(e.g.floras from dry-hot valleys in south-west China,small limestone areas,wetlands),that applied to a particular type of vegetation(e.g.evergreen plant communities,alpine tundra),that did not include all seed plant genera in aflora(e.g.only for woody plants or halophytes),or that did not provide geographical coordi-nates.As a result,232localfloras were selected.In addition,there are29floras for which the number of genera for each of Wu’sfloristic elements is not available in the original literature,and for these seed plant genera were tabulated in each of Wu’s15floristic elements.As a result, a total of261localfloras were included in the present study.Thesefloras sampled every province and the full geographical range of China(Fig.1).Most characterized vegetation in nature reserves.Chinese endemic genera were combined with eastern Asian genera in data analyses as discussed above.For eachflora,latitude and longitude( )of the geographical midpoint and,if available,area(km2), maximum elevation(m)and topographic relief(elevation range;m)were recorded.Of the261localfloras,215have area size data,and151have area size data plus maximum elevation and topographic relief.The mean area of the 215floras is15327km2,which is equivalent to a circle with a diameter of approximately140km.Several climatic variables were also obtained for the latitude–longitude half-degree grid point closest to the geographical midpoint of eachflora using data in the International Institute of Applied System Analysis(IIASA)climatic databaseT A B L E1.Definitions offloristic elementsCosmopolitan(FE1)Widely distributed across all or nearly all continents.In general,they do not have specialdistribution centres.Occasionally they have one or a few centres of high diversity but aredistributed worldwide.Pantropical(FE2)Occurring in all three sectors of the tropical zone(i.e.America,Africa–Madagascar andAsia–Australia).Some of the genera in this category may have species extending intotemperate regions.Tropical Asian–tropical American(FE3)Disjunct between tropical Asia and tropical America.Some of them may be sporadicallydistributed on the islands of the Pacific,or may extend into temperate regions. Palaeotropical(FE4)Distributed in the tropics of the Old World:Asia,Australia and Africa(including Madagascar).Thisfloristic element is also called the‘Old World Tropics’in the literature.Tropical Asian–Tropical Australian(FE5)Restricted to Asia and Australia and mainly distributed in the tropical regions of these twocontinents.Tropical Asian–Tropical African(FE6)Restricted to Asia and Africa and mainly distributed in the tropical regions of these twocontinents.Tropical Asian(FE7)Mainly restricted to tropical Southeast Asia,although some may extend northward intotemperate regions.Holarctic(FE8)Primarily distributed in extratropical regions of all three continents in the Northern Hemisphere(Europe,Asia and North America),although a few extend their distributions to high elevationsof tropical mountains or further south.Thisfloristic element is referred to as‘North Temperate’in Wu(1980,1991),and also called‘Eurasian–North American’and‘circumpolar’in theliterature.Eastern Asian–North American(FE9)Having disjunct distributions between the temperate–subtropical regions of eastern Asia andNorth America,with a few extending into tropical regions of their respective continents. Temperate Eurasian(FE10)Widely distributed across the temperate zone of Europe and Asia.Some of them may extendinto the northernmost part of Africa,but they do not occur in the New World.Thisfloristicelement is referred to as‘Old World Temperate’in Wu(1980,1991).Temperate Asian(FE11)Restricted to temperate Asia.The distribution centres are mainly in temperate regions but theymay occasionally occur in subtropical regions.Mediterranean,western to central Asian(FE12)Distributed mainly in the region across the Mediterranean,western Asia and central Asia.Someof the genera extend eastward into eastern Asia.Central Asian(FE13)Mainly distributed in dry areas of central Asia.Eastern Asian(FE14)Distributed mainly in warm temperate to subtropical regions of eastern Asia.Thisfloristicelement includes all genera in the categories‘eastern Asian’and‘Chinese endemic’of Wu(1991,1993).Qian et al.—Plant Geography of China Page3of12(Leemans and Cramer,1991).This database provides values for each0Á5 of latitude and longitude.The climatic variables were mean annual temperature( C), mean January temperature( C),difference between mean January temperature and mean July temperature( C), annual precipitation(mm)and summer(May to August) precipitation(mm).Two derived climatic indices were included:actual evapotranspiration(AET,mm)and potential evapotranspiration(PET,mm),which is propor-tional to the drying power of the environment,primarily a function of temperature.AET and PET were calculated following the approach developed by Cramer and Prentice (Cramer and Prentice,1988;Prentice et al.,1992,1993). These variables are often considered the most important climatic factors generating large-scale biotic patterns(e.g. Turner et al.,1988;O’Brien,1998;O’Brien et al.,1998; Qian,1998;Badgley and Fox,2000;Rahbek and Graves, 2001;Diniz-Filho et al.,2003;Hawkins and Porter,2003; Qian and Ricklefs,2004;Ricklefs et al.,2004).Data analysesTo minimize the effect of area size on analytical results, the percentage contribution of eachfloristic element to a flora was used to compare the compositions offloristic elements betweenfloras.The total number of seed plant genera and the proportions(%)of genera for eachfloristic element were tabulated for theflora of China as a whole and for each province.The proportion of genera for each of the14floristic elements in the261localfloras was summarized for their mean and standard deviation(s.d.)for each of the28provinces in China.Spearman’s rank correlations were used to determine correlations between proportions offloristic elements and latitudes and longitudes using the261localfloras. To examine the relationships betweenfloristic element compositions and climatic conditions,multivariate anal-yses werefirst performed to extract fewer synthetic variables for each data set and these resulting variables were then related to each of the original variables of the two data sets.A principal component analysis(PCA)was performed on the climatic data set based on a correlation matrix.The statistical significance of principal components was evaluated using the broken-stick model of Jackson (1993).A global non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS;Minchin,1987)was used to extract highly infor-mative dimensions from the data set offloristic elements. NMDS was chosen because it is well suited tofloristic data (McCune and Mefford,1999)and because it makes no assumptions about the data and provides a robust solution. The NMDS used Sørensen’s index as a measure of distance with the maximum number of iterations set at200. Significance of extracted dimensions was evaluated by a Monte Carlo test(30runs with randomized data).Using the261localfloras,partial regressions were performed to determine the variation infloristic elements explained by geographical coordinates and climate.In each partial regression,three coefficients of determination were obtained using three general linear models:one combining both geographical coordinates and climate,one including only geographical coordinates,and the other including only climate.By comparing the three coefficients of determi-nation,the proportions of the variance explained(1)by geographical coordinates independently,(2)by climate independently and(3)by the two jointly can be determined (Legendre and Legendre,1998).The procedure of Borcard et al.(1992;see also Legendre,1993)was followed by including all terms in a third-order polynomial of geographical coordinates(e.g.x,y,x2,xy,y2,x3,x2y,xy2, y3,where x and y represent latitude and longitude, respectively).This ensures not only linear relationships but also more complex(e.g.quadratic and cubic)relation-ships betweenfloristic elements and geographical coordi-nates(Borcard et al.,1992).Bivariate plots of the relationships of the proportions offloristic elements and the seven climatic variables used in this study were examined to determine the relationships between these variables;no evidence for non-linear relationships was found.Because area and elevation vary among the localfloras used,which may have effects on the proportional com-position offloristic elements in localfloras,it is necessary to examine the amount of variation infloristic elements that can be explained by these two geographical variables in addition to the variation explained by latitude and longitude.The same partial regression models mentioned above were used except that climatic variables were replaced with log10-transformed area,maximum elevation and topographic relief.SYSTAT version7(Wilkinson et al.,1992)was used for statistical summaries,correlation analyses and partial regression analyses,and PC-ORD version4(McCune and Mefford,1999)was used for multivariate analyses(i.e. PCA and NMDS).RESULTSAccording to the data,China has3143genera of native seed plants.Of these,105(3Á3%)are cosmopolitan,1512 (48Á1%)are tropical in nature(FE2–FE7in Table2)and 1526(48Á6%)are primarily temperate(FE8–FE14in Table2).In total,590(18Á8%)genera are restricted to eastern Asia,of which270are endemic to China.The total number of seed plant genera and the percentages of genera for eachfloristic element in each of the28provinces are shown in Table2.The proportion of genera for each of the 14floristic elements for the261localfloras was summarized according to province(Table3).Latitude strongly and positively correlates with the proportions of genera of the cosmopolitan,holarctic, temperate Eurasian,temperate Asian,Mediterranean, western to central Asian,and central Asianfloristic elements,and it strongly and negatively correlates with the proportions of genera in all six tropicalfloristic ele-ments and negatively correlates with eastern Asian genera weakly but significantly(Table4).Correlations offloristic elements with longitude are much weaker than those with latitude(Table4).The strongest correlation is with the proportion of the eastern Asian–eastern North AmericanPage4of12Qian et al.—Plant Geography of Chinagenera(r s=0Á44),which is followed by the correla-tions with the proportions of the central Asian genera (r s=–0Á37)and Mediterranean,western to central Asian genera(r s=–0Á35)(Table4).Thefirst and second principal components of the PCA had eigenvalues of5Á404and0Á965,and explained77Á2 and13Á8%of the variation in the climatic data set, respectively.A broken-stick test indicated that only thefirst principal component(PC1)was significant.This principal component is highly correlated with all the seven climatic variables(|r|=0Á8260Á07;Table5),and is correlated highly to moderately with thefloristic elements(|r|=0Á75 60Á18).The autopilot mode of an NMDS analysis running on the data set offloristic elements recommended a one-dimensional solution,and this dimension(NMDS1)is statistically significant(Monte Carlo test:P<0Á05,n=30). Correlations between NMDS1and the seven climatic variables and14floristic elements are all significant (P<0Á05),albeit weak in some cases(Table5).The correlation between PC1and NMDS1is high(r=–0Á89, P<0Á001),indicating strong relationships between climate variables andfloristic elements.Both PC1and NMDS1 are highly correlated with latitude(r=0Á902for PC1, r=–0Á871for NMDS1).When the261localfloras were ordinated by PC1and NMDS1,thefloras south of30 N tended to be completely separated from thefloras north of it,and thefloras north of40 N tended to intermingle with those located between30 and40 N(Fig.2).The geographical coordinates of localfloras explained, on average,79Á6%of the variation infloristic elements (fractions[a]+[b]in Table6).When climatic variables were added to the models,the two sets of variables together explained,on average,82Á9%of the variation infloristic elements(Table6).Partial regressions indicated that large amounts(66%on average)of the variation infloristic elements were explained by both geographical coordinates and climatic variables(fraction[b]in Table6).In other words,approximately four-fifths(or80%)of the explained variation was shared by the two sets of the explanatory variables.Of16Á9%of the variance to which independent effects could be attributed,geographical coordinates accounted for4Á1times as much as did climatic variables (the average of fraction[a]vs.the average of fraction[c]in Table6,i.e.13Á6vs.3Á3%).When individualfloristic elements were examined separately,geographical coordi-nates explained more variation than did climatic variables for13of the14floristic elements(compare fractions[a] with[b]in Table6;binomial test:variation explained by geographical coordinates>variation explained by climatic variables,13of14,P<0Á001).For the holarctic genera,the amounts of variation explained independently by geo-graphical coordinates and by climatic variables were nearly equal(4Á0vs.4Á4%;Table6).When using a smaller data set with151localfloras that have both area size and elevational data(see Materials and methods for details),geographical coordinates explainedT A B L E2.Total number and proportion(%)of seed plant genera in each of the14floristic elements(FE1–FE14)in China as awhole and in the28Chinese provincesFlora No.of genera FE1FE2FE3FE4FE5FE6FE7FE8FE9FE10FE11FE12FE13FE14 China31433.311.21.26.14.84.520.39.63.85.21.85.33.918.8(8.6) ProvinceAnhui8868.515.81.25.03.42.56.018.18.87.81.60.60.220.7(4.3) Fujian11956.918.81.88.55.74.115.111.55.84.90.90.60.115.2(3.4) Gansu7539.78.00.82.11.11.51.928.45.810.63.36.83.916.2(4.0) Guangdong14605.819.01.89.87.25.519.09.04.33.60.80.50.113.6(4.2) Guangxi16935.016.21.78.36.65.724.09.14.13.80.50.30.114.6(4.9) Guizhou12495.916.71.57.54.64.618.812.45.13.81.00.20.117.7(6.2) Hainan13175.122.42.111.89.26.826.15.22.72.10.20.20.16.1(1.7) Hebei71911.811.10.32.51.91.31.330.96.811.74.34.01.410.7(2.8) Heilongjiang55914.77.70.01.80.50.70.539.07.712.55.22.00.77.0(0.4) Henan50511.110.11.43.42.61.23.427.57.98.93.01.60.617.4(4.6) Hubei12646.514.51.25.93.63.110.016.77.37.41.81.00.220.9(6.3) Hunan11566.516.21.36.74.23.813.114.47.05.81.10.30.119.6(5.6) Jiangsu9508.217.51.36.54.13.69.315.96.87.11.50.70.317.3(3.2) Jiangxi10867.416.71.36.74.14.112.314.37.26.01.00.40.318.2(4.1) Jilin58513.57.70.01.51.00.91.038.38.712.34.11.50.78.7(0.7) Liaoning70812.110.70.12.51.41.41.331.57.911.43.72.71.112.0(2.5) Neimenggu64712.26.60.01.50.80.90.534.95.113.05.77.44.37.0(1.7) Ningxia41314.06.10.21.20.20.50.535.65.113.33.67.04.18.5(2.7) Qinghai58111.95.70.21.00.00.50.733.23.413.44.16.45.913.6(4.5) Shaanxi10147.711.40.93.71.92.54.322.78.09.92.93.21.419.6(5.1) Shandong58613.314.00.54.12.41.72.427.07.310.62.71.90.711.4(2.4) Shanxi67810.69.60.61.81.91.21.632.06.011.84.13.41.214.2(3.5) Sichuan13845.613.91.35.53.03.910.217.25.76.71.71.21.622.6(6.7) Taiwan12067.021.82.09.97.34.215.112.45.14.20.60.20.110.1(1.3) Xinjiang75810.35.80.10.70.10.80.329.61.813.93.419.111.13.0(0.9) Xizang13955.814.01.45.93.84.314.716.14.55.91.63.12.316.6(2.7) Yunnan20694.514.21.37.05.25.724.111.24.04.30.90.60.616.4(5.1) Zhejiang10388.216.01.16.33.93.48.616.37.77.11.20.40.219.7(4.3) Values in parentheses under FE14are the proportions of the Chinese endemic genera.Codes forfloristic elements are the same as in Table1.Qian et al.—Plant Geography of China Page5of12approximately the same amount of the variation infloristic elements as they did in the full data set with261local floras(80Á9611Á2vs.79Á669Á3%,P=0Á808).When the proportion of afloristic element was regressed on the geographical coordinates(including all terms in a third-order polynomial)plus log10area,maximum elevation and topographic relief,they together explained,on average, 83Á4%of the variation infloristic elements(Table7).The largest amount of the explained variation(95Á4%)is with the model for the holarctic genera(Table7).The amount of the variation infloristic elements explained by geographi-cal coordinates independent of area and elevation variablesT A B L E3.Mean and standard deviation(s.d.)of the proportion(%)of seed plant genera for each of the14elements(FE1–FE14)in localfloras according to provinces in ChinaProvince Statistics FE1FE2FE3FE4FE5FE6FE7FE8FE9FE10FE11FE12FE13FE14 Anhui(16)Mean9.716.21.94.22.82.55.221.88.56.91.60.8<0.118.0(2.7) s.d.2.32.60.70.90.80.61.73.51.11.50.50.7<0.13.4(0.7) Fujian(12)Mean9.424.33.47.14.84.312.312.45.73.20.80.40.111.9(1.5) s.d.1.12.91.51.40.70.82.22.71.00.80.70.50.42.9(0.6) Gansu(9)Mean14.96.70.30.80.20.40.335.12.313.04.710.64.75.9(1.7) s.d.3.92.60.40.50.30.40.35.51.53.10.87.23.23.9(1.0) Guangdong(25)Mean7.825.43.89.66.65.115.68.94.62.70.30.2<0.19.3(1.6) s.d.1.03.11.62.01.40.92.03.01.21.00.20.2<0.13.3(0.9) Guangxi(14)Mean7.220.92.68.95.95.219.39.64.73.10.60.2<0.111.9(2.7) s.d.2.42.80.61.71.31.45.02.41.60.70.30.20.13.7(1.4) Guizhou(8)Mean8.517.42.66.84.04.313.215.36.74.10.70.50.115.9(3.4) s.d.2.81.00.61.91.31.74.75.42.11.30.20.40.22.2(0.9) Hainan(4)Mean4.526.92.812.110.57.026.42.82.20.80.10.3<0.13.7(1.2) s.d.0.41.91.11.61.10.91.80.60.60.40.10.2<0.11.3(0.5) Hebei(7)Mean13.511.90.32.01.42.01.036.25.911.83.71.10.88.6(1.4) s.d.1.12.30.30.60.60.80.43.00.41.41.00.50.41.5(0.6) Heilongjiang(5)Mean19.16.20.11.50.10.90.543.05.912.63.20.80.65.5(0.1) s.d.3.91.50.20.30.20.50.35.82.31.20.90.60.80.8(0.1) Henan(14)Mean11.014.81.42.72.52.42.725.96.910.12.61.90.714.4(2.6) s.d.1.72.40.90.80.40.51.23.21.01.10.61.40.52.7(1.2) Hubei(11)Mean9.013.71.73.82.82.56.123.19.17.01.40.20.319.3(3.8) s.d.1.31.90.40.70.60.51.33.01.31.50.50.20.32.2(1.0) Hunan(13)Mean8.318.12.25.73.73.09.516.98.15.70.70.2<0.118.0(3.6) s.d.1.11.41.00.70.70.81.81.40.70.70.40.20.11.9(1.3) Jiangsu(3)Mean11.817.21.44.33.12.13.722.68.18.51.70.70.214.5(2.3) s.d.1.10.70.51.00.40.60.52.40.80.70.10.50.21.7(0.3) Jiangxi(11)Mean8.117.32.86.13.73.49.715.77.45.31.20.70.318.4(2.7) s.d.2.33.21.10.91.41.42.62.91.71.30.80.60.82.5(0.6) Jilin(1)Mean14.15.90.20.80.61.40.641.89.212.05.10.60.27.5(0.0) s.d.––––––––––––––Liaoning(3)Mean13.09.60.31.70.81.91.135.19.214.22.71.50.68.4(1.1) s.d.0.92.00.30.50.50.40.34.20.30.70.30.70.11.2(1.0) Neimenggu(8)Mean17.96.00.30.70.10.60.340.72.711.85.57.03.13.1(0.8) s.d.3.02.70.20.30.10.60.39.61.72.31.06.62.91.6(0.6) Ningxia(3)Mean14.16.00.10.50.50.70.941.53.114.64.66.02.55.1(1.6) s.d.3.01.00.20.60.50.70.55.22.61.61.73.21.42.1(0.2) Qinghai(8)Mean14.23.10.10.50.00.10.344.42.312.24.64.74.68.9(2.2) s.d.2.71.70.30.40.10.20.33.32.01.41.22.41.33.1(0.8) Shaanxi(8)Mean9.512.21.72.92.02.73.427.08.09.72.31.40.616.7(3.8) s.d.1.21.80.70.80.70.81.34.61.11.30.51.10.31.5(0.7) Shandong(6)Mean13.916.20.62.72.32.01.828.46.411.42.81.40.99.3(1.2) s.d.1.50.90.40.60.30.30.51.31.40.90.40.30.22.2(0.9) Shanxi(13)Mean12.59.31.91.21.21.71.036.35.413.23.83.11.48.0(1.8) s.d.1.72.51.30.70.40.80.65.61.21.40.91.00.72.6(0.7) Sichuan(10)Mean8.915.42.53.92.83.56.223.96.57.31.71.10.616.0(3.8) s.d.2.24.91.81.61.11.62.98.61.11.50.60.60.73.3(1.5) Taiwan(3)Mean8.725.02.810.06.94.713.211.25.03.10.40.1<0.19.0(1.2) s.d.0.83.70.23.51.80.81.44.51.01.10.40.1<0.13.0(0.5) Xinjiang(15)Mean15.23.30.00.30.00.00.141.40.912.24.611.86.83.5(0.5) s.d.2.31.80.00.40.00.10.28.10.63.82.07.51.32.4(0.6) Xizang(4)Mean11.310.01.63.32.73.07.928.53.98.02.71.82.413.0(2.1) s.d.4.97.21.23.53.02.99.214.01.44.52.51.23.01.7(0.9) Yunnan(14)Mean7.018.12.46.64.25.917.015.34.94.61.00.70.212.3(2.2) s.d.2.32.81.01.81.51.210.76.61.32.50.60.60.33.4(0.8) Zhejiang(13)Mean9.518.41.95.43.52.97.118.58.15.71.50.50.117.1(2.4) s.d.1.61.80.90.90.70.71.52.41.60.70.90.40.31.9(0.6) The value in parentheses after a province name is the number of localfloras used for that province.Values(%)in parentheses under category FE14are for Chinese endemic genera.Codes forfloristic elements are the same as in Table1.Page6of12Qian et al.—Plant Geography of China。

植物区系,吴征镒书籍引用-概述说明以及解释1.引言1.1 概述概述部分的内容可以写成以下形式：植物区系是生物地理学中一个重要的概念，指的是某个地理区域内全部植物种类的组合和分布特点。

随着地理环境的差异，植物区系也会呈现出多样化的形式。

对于了解和研究地区的生态系统、生物多样性以及生态环境的变化等问题，植物区系的研究具有重要的价值和意义。

植物区系的形成与地质演化、气候变化、地形地貌、土壤类型、水源等因素密切相关。

在不同的地理区域，自然条件的差异导致了该区域内植物的多样性与分布格局的差异。

植物区系既呈现出由北向南或由东向西逐渐变化的规律性，也表现出不同地域内部的细微差异。

通过对植物区系的研究，我们可以了解不同地区间植物的迁移、适应和分布情况，进而推测出地区的气候、土壤特征及其变化过程。

此外，植物区系还能反映出地区生态环境的变化情况，对于生物多样性保护、生态修复与恢复、自然资源保护与管理等方面也有着重要的指导作用。

吴征镒先生曾在其著作中深入研究了植物区系的形成规律和分类方法。

他的研究成果为植物地理学领域提供了重要的理论基础和实践指导。

本文将通过对吴征镒的书籍引用，结合国内外相关研究成果，探讨植物区系的定义、分类以及其重要性，并展望未来的研究方向，以期对地理学和生态学等领域的科研工作起到一定的推动作用。

文章结构部分是为了说明本文的组织和结构，让读者对文章的内容有一个清晰的了解。

本文的结构如下：1. 引言1.1 概述1.2 文章结构1.3 目的2. 正文2.1 植物区系的定义2.2 植物区系的分类3. 结论3.1 总结植物区系的重要性3.2 展望未来研究方向在本文中，我们首先通过引言部分对植物区系进行概述，介绍了植物区系的定义、分类以及其重要性和研究方向的目的。

接下来的正文部分将详细阐述植物区系的定义和分类，深入探讨植物区系在生态系统中的作用和意义。

最后的结论部分将总结植物区系的重要性，并对未来研究方向进行展望。

生态环境 2008, 17(1): 86-92 Ecology and Environment E-mail: editor@基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目（40606013）作者简介：张绪良(1971－)，男，副教授，博士，主要从事自然地理学、生态学研究。

E-m ail: Geo_zhang@ 收稿日期：2007-09-28莱州湾南岸滨海湿地维管束植物的区系特征及保护张绪良1，谷东起2，陈东景3，隋玉柱41. 青岛大学师范学院地理系，山东 青岛266071；2. 国家海洋局第一海洋研究所，山东 青岛 266061；3. 青岛大学国际经济贸易系，山东 青岛266071；4. 青岛大学环境科学与工程系，山东 青岛 266071摘要：在2003~2005年多次实地调查并参照相关资料基础上，对莱州湾南岸滨海湿地进行了植被类型划分和湿地维管束植物生态类群划分，利用统计方法分析了研究区湿地维管束植物区系较大科、属的构成，蕨类植物种的地理分布区类型、种子植物属的地理分布区类型，维管束植物区系保护面临的问题及对策。

研究表明，莱州湾南岸滨海湿地植被分4个植被型、25个植物群落，由48科129属197种维管束植物构成，这些维管束植物分盐生植物，水生植物，湿生植物和中生、旱生植物4大生态类群。

维管束植物区系的主体为菊科、禾本科、莎草科等含5种及5种以上的13个较大科，从维管束植物属的分布区类型构成来看，种子植物中世界分布属最多，达40属，占种子植物总属数的32%，这反映了湿地植被的隐域性特征；温带和热带分布区成分作为区系成分的主体共80属，占种子植物总属数的64%。

盐田、养殖池、道路建设，海岸侵蚀，地下咸、卤水入侵，气候干旱，河流断流等自然、人为原因导致莱州湾南岸滨海湿地退化，植被发生退化演替，区系中一些珍稀濒危植物受到日益严重的威胁。

提出了对退化湿地进行生态恢复与重建，推广生态旅游、生态养殖等可持续的滨海湿地利用方式，建设湿地自然保护区和生态环境监测网络等莱州湾南岸滨海湿地维管束植物区系保护对策。

被子植物3097属分布区类型根据吴征镒等《种子植物的分布区类型及其起源和分化》（吴征镒周浙昆孙航李德铢彭华，云南科技出版社2006）整理。

注1：中国种数包括种下单位。

因此在某些属中可能超过世界种数。

注2：被子植物中文属名参考使用王锦绣博士在研项目名称。

Genus 世界种数中国种数中文属名分布区类型分布区亚型Abelia R. Br. 30 9 六道木属9Abelmoschus Medik. 15 7 黄葵属4Abrus Adans. 17 4 相思子属2Abutilon Mill. 100 13 苟麻属2Acacia Mill. 1200 18 金合欢属2(5,6)Acalypha L. 430 19 铁苋菜属2Acampe Lindl. 6 3 脆兰属6(7a)Acanthephippium Blume 15 3 坛花兰属7eAcanthochlamys P. C.Kao 1 1 芒苞草属15Acantholimon Boiss. 165 11 刺矶松属12Acanthophyllum C. A. Mey. 56 1 刺叶属13(→12)Acanthospermum Schrank 6 1 刺苞果属2Acanthus L. 30 4 老鼠勒属6(→12)Acer L. 111 237 槭树属8 4Achillea L. 115 10 蓍属10Achnatherum P. Beauv. 23 15 芨芨草属10Achyranthes L. 8 7 牛膝属4(2)Achyrospermum Blume 10 2 鳞果草属6(7a-c)Acidosasa C. D. Chu & C. S. Chao 6 5 酸竹属7Acmena DC. 15 1 肖蒲桃属5(7) SAcokanthera G. Don 5 1 长药花属(6)Acomastylis E. Greene 15 3 羽叶花属9Aconitum L. 300 303 乌头属8(14)Acorus L. 2 5 菖蒲属8(9)Acrachne Wight & Arn. ex Chiov. 3 1 尖稃草属4Acranthera Arn. ex Meisn. 35 1 尖药花属7aAcriopsis Reinw. Ex Blume 6 1 合萼兰属7eAcrocarpus Wight ex Arn. 1 1 顶果木属7aAcrocephalus Benth. 130 1 尖头花属7abAcroceras Stapf 19 1 凤头黍属2(6,5/7)Acroglochin Schrad. ex Schult. 2 1 千针苋属14SHAcronema Falc. ex Edgew. 25 21 丝瓣芹属14SHAcronychia J. R. Forst. & G. Forst. 43 2 山油柑属5(7e)Acroptilon Cass. 1 1 顶羽菊属13Actaea L. 8 2 类叶升麻属8Actephila Blume 35 5 喜光花属5Actinidia Lindl. 40 97 猕猴桃属14Actinocarya Benth. 2 1 星果紫草属14SHActinodaphne Nees 100 19 黄肉楠属7aActinostemma Griff. 1 2 合子草属14Adansonia L. 8 1 猴面包树属(4)Adelostemma Hook. F. 3 1 乳突果属7 Adenacanthus Nees 4 2 腺背蓝属7aAdenanthera L. 12 1 海红豆属7e(→5)Adenia Forssk. 94 4 蒴莲属4Adenocaulon Hook. 5 1 腺梗菜属9(3)Adenophora Fisch. 40 49 沙参属10Adenosma R. Br. 15 4 毛麝香属5(7a-c) Adenostemma J. R. Forst. & G. Forst. 24 3 下田菊属2(3) Adhatoda Mill. 20 1 鸭嘴花属6Adina Salisb. 3 2 水团花属14Adinandra Jack 70 26 杨桐属6Adlumia Raf. ex DC. 1 1 荷包藤属9 4Adonis L. 26 11 侧金盏花属10Adoxa L. 4 1 五福花属8Aechmanthera Nees 3 2 尖蕊花属7Aegiceras Gaertn. 2 1 桐花树属4(5)Aegilops L. 21 2 山羊草属12Aeginetia L. 3 3 野菰属7ab(14)Aegle Corrêa 3 1 木桔属7Aegopodium L. 7 6 羊角芹属10Aeluropus Trin. 4 5 樟毛属12Aerides Lour. 20 4 指甲兰属7Aerva Forssk. 10 2 白花苋属4(6)Aeschynanthus Jack 140 36 芒毛苣苔属7d Aeschynomene L. 150 1 合萌属2Aesculus L. 13 13 七叶树属8(9)Afzelia Sm. 12 1 缅茄属(6)Aganosma (Blume) G. Don 8 5 香花藤属7a/b Agapetes D. Don ex G. Don 95 55 树萝卜属7e d Agastache Gronov. 22 1 藿香属9Agave L. 100 2 龙舌兰属3Agelaea Sol. ex Planch. 7 1 栗豆藤属6Ageratum L. 44 2 胜红蓟属2(3)Aglaia Lour. 105 8 米仔兰属5(7e)Aglaonema Schott 21 2 广东万年青属7cAgrimonia L. 15 5 龙牙草属8Agriophyllum M. Bieb. 6 3 沙蓬属13Agropyron Gaertn. 15 10 冰草属10Agrostemma L. 2 1 麦仙翁属10Agrostis L. 220 35 剪股颖属1(8-4)Agrostophyllum Blume 85 2 禾叶兰属5(7e)Ahernia Merr. 1 1 菲柞属7bAidia Lour. 18 7 茜木属4Ailanthus Desf. 5 7 臭椿属5(14)Ainsliaea DC. 40 48 兔儿风属14Aira L. 10 1 银须草属10Ajania Poljakov 34 30 亚菊属11Ajaniopsis C. Shih 1 1 画笔菊属15Ajuga L. 50 29 筋骨草属10Akebia Decne. 5 6 木通属14SJAlajja Ikonn. 1 2 菱叶元宝草属13Alangium Lam. 21 19 八角枫属4(14)Albertisia Becc. 19 1 崖藤属6Albizia Durazz. 118 17 合欢属2(3)Alchemilla L. 250 3 羽衣草属8Alchornea Sw. 70 9 山麻杆属2Alcimandra Dandy 1 1 长蕊木兰属14SH Aldrovanda L. 1 1 貉藻属10 4Alectra Thunb. 40 1 黑蒴属6Aletris L. 10 16 粉条儿菜属9 4Aleurites J. R. Forst. & G. Forst. 5 1 石栗属7e Alfredia Cass. 5 5 黄飞廉属13Alhagi Gagnebin 3 1 骆驼刺属12Alisma L. 9 6 泽泻属8Alleizettella Pit. 1 1 白果香楠属7Alliaria Heist. ex Fabrius 2 1 葱芥属10Allium L. 690 152 葱属8Allmania R. Br. ex Wight 2 1 砂苋属7a Allocheilos W. T. Wang 1 1 异唇苣苔属15 Allomorphia Blume 25 6 异形木属7a Allophylus L. 1 12 异木患属4Allostigma W. T. Wang 1 2 异片苣苔属15 Alloteropsis J. Presl 6 3 毛颖草属2(4) Alniphyllum Matsum. 3 3 赤杨叶属7Alnus Mill. 25 10 赤杨属8 4Alocasia (Schott) G. Don 70 4 海芋属5(7)Aloe L. 365 1 芦荟属6Alopecurus L. 36 9 看麦娘属8Alphitonia Reissek ex Endl. 6 1 麦珠子属5(7e) Alphonsea Hook. f. & Thomson 30 6 藤春属7ab Alpinia Roxb. 200 55 山姜属5(7)Alseodaphne Nees 50 9 油丹属7aAlstonia R. Br. 43 8 鸡骨常山属2 Alternanthera Forssk. 100 5 虾钳菜属2Althaea L. 12 3 药葵属10Altingia Noronha 8 9 蕈树属7 4Alysicarpus Neck. ex Desv. 26 4 链荚豆属4 Alyssum L. 190 10 庭荠属10(12)Alyxia Banks ex R. Br. 120 12 念珠藤属5(7e) Amalocalyx Pierre 3 1 毛车藤属7Amaranthus L. 60 14 苋属1Amberboa (Pers.) Less. 6 3 珀菊属12 Amblynotus (A. DC.) I. M. Johnst. 4 1 钝背草属11Ambroma L. f. 2 1 昂天莲属(5)Ambrosia L. 43 2 豚草属1Amelanchier Medik. 25 2 唐棣属8(9)Amesiodendron Hu 1 3 细子龙属7Amethystea L. 1 1 水棘针属11Amischotolype Hassk. 15 2 穿鞘花属6Amitostigma Schltr. 10 23 无柱兰属14Ammannia L. 25 4 水苋菜属1Ammi L. 4 2 阿米芹属(12)Ammodendron Fisch. ex DC. 6 1 沙槐属13Ammopiptanthus S. H. Cheng 2 2 沙冬青属13Amomum Roxb. 90 40 豆蔻属5(7)Amoora Roxb. 25 9 崖摩属7abAmorpha L. 15 1 紫穗槐属(9)Ampelocalamus S. L. Chen, T. H. Wen & G. Y. Sheng 2 2 悬竹属7 Ampelopsis Michx. 25 28 蛇葡萄属9Amphicarpaea Elliott ex Nutt. 3 3 两型豆属9Amsonia Walter 20 1 水甘草属9(14SJ)Amydrium Schott 5 2 雷公连属7aAmygdalus L. 40 12 桃属10Anabasis L. 42 8 假木贼属12Anacardium L. 11 1 腰果属(3)Anadendrum Schott 9 2 上树南星属7abAnagallis L. 28 1 琉璃繁缕属1Ananas Mill. 8 1 凤梨属(3)Anaphalis DC. 110 75 香青属8(14)Anaxagorea A.St.-Hil. 24 1 蒙蒿子属3Ancathia DC. 1 1 肋果蓟属11Anchusa L. 35 1 牛舌草属10Ancistrocladus Wall. 12 1 钩枝藤属6Ancylostemon Craib 11 14 直瓣苣苔属15Androcorys Schltr. 4 5 兜蕊兰属14(14SH)Andrographis Wall. ex Nees 20 3 穿心莲属5(7)Andropogon L. 100 3 须芒草属2(8-4)Androsace L. 100 80 点地梅属8Anemarrhena Bunge 1 1 知母属11 3Anemoclema (Franch.) W. T. Wang 1 1 罂粟莲花属15 Anemone L. 144 82 银莲花属1(8-4)Anethum L. 1 1 莳萝属10Angelica L. 110 48 当归属8Anisachne Keng 1 1 异颖草属15Anisadenia Wall. ex Meisn. 2 2 异腺草属14SH 4Anisochilus Wall. ex Benth. 20 2 排香草属6(7)Anisodus Link ex Spreng. 6 5 山茛菪属14SHAnisomeles R. Br. 12 1 广防风属5(6,7e)Anisopappus Hook. & Arn. 30 1 山黄菊属6Anna Pellegr. 1 3 大苞苣苔属7Annamocarya A. Chev. 1 1 喙核桃属7 4Anneslea Wall. 4 5 茶梨属7a-cAnnona L. 137 5 番荔枝属(2)Anodendron A. DC. 17 5 鳝藤属7eAnoectochilus Blume 35 21 开唇兰属5(7e)Anogeissus (DC.) Wall. 8 1 榆绿木属6Anredera Juss. 15 2 落葵薯属3Antennaria Gaertn. 71 1 蝶须属8Antenoron Raf. 4 3 金线草属9Anthemis L. 210 3 春黄菊属10(12)Antheroporum Gagnep. 4 2 膜荚豆属7Anthogonium Wall. ex Lindl. 1 1 筒瓣兰属14SH(7-3) Anthoxanthum L. 18 5 黄花茅属8Anthriscus Pers. 12 2 峨参属10Anthurium Schott 700 2 花烛属(3)Antiaris Lesch. 1 1 见血封喉属4Antidesma L. 170 19 五月茶属4(6)Antiotrema Hand.-Mazz. 1 1 滇紫草属15Antirhea Comm. ex Juss. 36 1 毛茶属2Aphanamixis Blume 3 4 山楝属7eAphananthe Planch. 5 3 糙叶树属2Aphania Blume 26 2 滇赤才属6Aphanopleura Boiss. 6 2 隐芹属13Aphragmus Andrz. ex DC. 6 1 寒原荠属9(13, 14SH) Aphyllorchis Blume 15 5 无叶兰属5(7d)Apios Fabr. 10 6 土儿属9Apium L. 25 2 芹属(1)Apluda L. 1 1 水蔗草属7a-dApocopis Nees 15 5 楔颖草属7a-cApocynum L. 12 2 罗布麻属9Apodytes E. Mey. ex Arn. 1 1 柴龙树属4Aponogeton L. f. 43 1 水蕹属4 1Aporusa Blume 80 4 银柴属5Apostasia Blume 8 4 假兰属5(7a)Appendicula Blume 50 4 牛齿兰属7eApterosperma H. T. Chang 1 1 圆籽荷属15Aquilaria Lam. 15 2 沉香属7a-cAquilegia L. 80 15 耧斗菜属8Arabidopsis (DC.) Heynhold 20 3 鼠耳芥属8Arabis L. 180 14 南芥属8Arachis L. 22 1 落花生属(3)Arachnis Blume 11 1 蜘蛛兰属7dAralia L. 36 32 忽木属9Arcangelisia Becc. 2 1 古山龙属7dArceuthobium M. Bieb. 31 5 油杉寄生属8(9)Archakebia C. Y. Wu, T. C. Chen & H. N. Qin 1 1 长萼木通属15 Archangelica Wolf 12 2 古当归属8Archiatriplex G. L. Chu 1 1 古滨藜属15 Archiboehmeria C. J. Chen 1 1 古桂麻属7 Archidendron F. Muell. 94 15 古木属5(7) Archileptopus P. T. Li 1 1 方鼎木属15Arctium L. 11 2 牛蒡属10(12)Arctogeron DC. 1 1 莎菀属11Arctous (A. Gray) Niedenz. 5 4 北极果属8 d Arcuatopterus Shan & Sheh 3 3 弓翅芹属15Ardisia Sw. 250 66 紫金牛属2(3)Areca L. 60 1 槟榔属5(7)Arenaria L. 150 116 蚤缀属8Arenga Labill. 20 4 桄榔属5Argemone L. 23 1 刺罂粟属3 4Argostemma Wall. 100 5 雪花属6Argyranthemum Webb ex Sch.-Bip. 24 1 木茼蒿属(10-1) Argyreia Lour. 90 25 白鹤藤属5(7a-c)Arisaema Mart. 150 92 天南星属8(9)Aristida L. 330 11 三芒草属2(4)Aristolochia L. 120 47 马兜铃属2(3)Armeniaca Scop. 10 29 杏属11Armoracia P. Gaertn. Et al. 4 1 辣根属(10)Arnebia Forssk. 25 6 假紫草属10Artabotrys R. Br. 100 4 鹰爪属4(6)Artemisia L. 350 231 蒿属1(8-4,14)Arthraxon P. Beauv. 20 16 荩草属4Arthrophytum Schrenk 31 3 节节木属13Artocarpus J. R. Forst. & G. Forst. 50 16 桂木属5(7) Arum L. 26 1 疆南星属12Aruncus L. 1 2 假升麻属8Arundina Blume 1 1 竹叶兰属7ab(14)Arundinella Raddi 47 24 野牯草属2(→3,7,14)Arundo L. 3 4 芦竹属10Arytera Blume 25 1 滨木患属5Asarum L. 70 40 细辛属8(9)Asclepias L. 100 1 马利筋属2(3)Ascocentrum Schltr. ex J. J. Sm. 8 3 鸟舌兰属7(14SH) Asparagus L. 140 31 天门冬属4(10)Asperugo L. 1 1 糙草属12Asperula L. 90 1 车叶草属10Aspidistra Ker.-Gawl. 10 49 蜘蛛抱蛋属14 4 Aspidocarya Hook. f. & Thomson 1 1 球果藤属7 Aspidopterys A. Juss. 20 10 盾翅藤属7a-cAster L. 250 140 紫菀属8Asteropyrum J. R. Drumm. & Hutch. 2 2 星果草属14SH Asterothamnus Novopokr. 7 7 紫菀木属13Astilbe Buch.-Ham. ex G. Don 14 9 红升麻属9(14) Astilboides (Hemsl.) Engl. 1 1 大叶子属15Astragalus L. 1750 309 紫云英属1(12)Astronia Blume 59 1 褐鳞木属7eAsyneuma Griseb. & Schenck 50 3 肖木根草属10 Asystasia Blume 70 3 十万错属4Asystasiella Lindau 3 1 白接骨属6Atalantia Corrêa 11 7 酒饼属5(7)Atelanthera Hook. F. & Thomson 1 1 异药荠属13 Atractylodes DC. 11 5 苍术属14SJAtraphaxis L. 25 13 针枝蓼属10Atriplex L. 300 19 滨藜属8Atropanthe Pascher 1 1 天蓬子属15Aucuba Thunb. 4 19 桃叶珊瑚属14Avena L. 25 6 燕麦属10(12)Averrhoa L. 2 2 阳桃属7Avicennia L. 7 1 海榄雌属2(4)Axonopus P. Beauv. 35 1 地毯草属2Axyris L. 6 3 轴藜属11Azima Lam. 4 1 刺茉莉属6(7)Baccaurea Lour. 80 2 木奶果属7eBacopa Aubl. 56 3 假马齿苋属2(3)Baeckea L. 75 1 岗松属5 SBaijiania A. M. Lu & J. Q. Li 1 1 白兼果属7 Baimashania Al. Shebbaz 2 2 白马芥属15 Balanophora J. R. Forst. & G. Forst. 15 12 蛇菰属5(7e) Baliospermum Blume 6 6 斑籽属7Bambusa Schreb. 120 74 簕竹属4Baolia H. W. Kung & G. L. Chu 1 1 苞藜属15 Baphicacanthus Bremek. 1 1 板蓝属7Barbarea R. Br. 20 5 山芥属8Barleria L. 250 7 假杜鹃属2(6)Barnardia Lindl. 8 1 绵枣儿属10Barringtonia J. R. Forst. & G. Forst. 39 3 玉蕊属4 c Barthea Hook. f. 1 2 刚毛药花属15Basella L. 5 1 落葵属2Bashania Keng f. & Yi 3 4 冷箭竹属(15)Basilicum Moench 7 1 小冠熏属4Bassia All. 21 3 雾冰藜属10Batrachium (DC.) S. F. Gray 20 12 水毛茛属8 Bauhinia L. 300 57 羊蹄甲属2(→14)Beaumontia Wall. 9 5 清明花属7aBeccarinda Kuntze 8 5 横蒴苣苔属7Beckmannia Host 2 2 罔草属8Beesia Balf. f. & W. W. Sm. 1 2 铁破锣属14SH Begonia L. 900 156 秋海棠属2(3)Beilschmiedia Nees 250 37 琼楠属2Belamcanda Adans. 1 1 射干属14 2Bellis L. 8 1 雏菊属(12)Belostemma Wall. ex Wight 2 3 箭药藤属7 Belosynapsis Hassk. 4 1 假紫万年青属7cBenincasa Savi 1 2 冬瓜属5Bennettiodendron Merr. 4 10 山桂花属7aBerberis L. 500 229 小蘖属8 5Berchemia Neck. ex DC. 12 24 勾儿茶属9 Berchemiella Nakai 3 2 小勾儿茶属14SJBergenia Moench 9 8 岩白菜属11Bergia L. 24 3 田繁缕属2Berneuxia Decne. 1 1 岩匙属15 2Berrya Roxb. 5 1 六翅木属7e 2Berteroa DC. 5 1 团扇荠属10Berteroella O. E. Schulz 1 1 锥果芥属14SJBerula Besser & W. D. J. Koch 1 1 天山泽芹属8Beta L. 13 4 甜菜属(10)Betonica L. 15 1 药水苏属(10)Betula L. 35 36 桦木属8 4Bhesa Buch.-Ham. ex Arn. 5 1 膝柄木属7eBidens L. 240 11 鬼针属1(3)Biebersteinia Stephan 5 3 薰倒牛属12 4Biondia Schlt. 13 13 秦岭藤属15Biophytum DC. 50 3 感应草属2Bischofia Blume 1 2 重阳木属7Biswarea Cogn. 1 1 三裂瓜属14SHBlachia Baill. 12 4 留萼木属7bBlainvillea Cass. 10 1 异芒菊属2Blastus Lour. 12 17 柏拉木属7aBlechum P. Browne 6 1 赛山蓝属3Blepharis Juss. 80 1 百簕花属6(→12)Bletilla Rchb. F. 9 4 白及属14Blinkworthia Choisy 3 1 苞叶藤属7Blumea DC. 100 31 艾纳香属4Blumeopsis Gagnep. 1 1 拟艾脑属7aBlysmus Panz. ex Schult. 3 4 扁穗草属8Blyxa Noronha ex Thouars 9 5 水筛属4Boea Comm. ex Lam. 17 3 旋蒴苣苔属5(7,14) Boehmeria Jacq. 80 35 苎麻属2Boeica T. Anderson ex C. B. Clarke 9 7 短筒苣苔属7 Boenninghausenia Rchb. ex Meisn. 1 3 石椒草属7a(14SJ) Boerhavia L. 50 4 黄细心属2Boesenbergia Kuntze 30 3 凹唇姜属7bBolbostemma Franquet 2 3 假贝母属15Bolocephalus Hand.-Mazz. 1 1 球菊属(15)Bombax L. 20 2 木棉属6Boniodendron Gagnep. 2 1 黄梨木属7Borreria G. Mey. 5 5 丰花草属2Borsczowia Bunge 1 1 异子蓬属13Borthwickia W. W. Sm. 1 1 节蒴木属7Boschniakia C. A. Mey. ex Bong. 2 2 草苁蓉属8(9) Bostrychanthera Benth. 1 2 毛药花属15 Bothriochloa Kuntze 35 8 孔颖草属2(8-4) Bothriospermum Bunge 5 5 斑种草属14 Bougainvillea Comm. ex Juss. 18 2 叶子花属(3) Bournea Oliv. 2 2 四数苣苔属15Bousigonia Pierre 2 2 奶子藤属7Bowringia Champ. ex Benth. 4 1 藤槐属6 Brachanthemum DC. 10 5 短舌菊属13Brachiaria (Trin.) Griseb. 100 10 臂形草属2(6) Brachyactis Ledeb. 5 4 短星菊属9Brachybotrys Maxim. ex Oliv. 1 1 短序花属11 Brachycorythis Lindl. 32 2 苞叶兰属6 Brachyelytrum P. Beauv. 3 1 短颖草属9 Brachypodium P. Beauv. 17 9 短柄草属8 Brachystachyum Keng 1 2 短穗竹属(15) Brachystelma R. Br. 100 2 润肺草属4(6) Brachystemma D. Don 1 1 短瓣花属14SH Brachytome Hook. f. 4 2 短萼齿木属7aBrandisia Hook. f. & Thomson 13 10 来江藤属7 Brasenia Schreb. 1 1 莼菜属1(3,9)Brassaiopsis Decne. & Planch. 20 20 罗伞属7c Brassica L. 35 19 芸苔属10(12)Braya Sternb. & Hoppe 20 3 柏蕾荠属8Bredia Blume 30 16 野海棠属14Bretschneidera Hemsl. 1 1 伯乐树属7 3Breynia J. R. Forst. & G. Forst. 25 5 黑面神属5 Bridelia Willd. 60 11 土密树属6Briggsia Craib 29 25 佛肚苣苔属14SHBriggsiopsis K. Y. Pan 1 1 假佛肚苣苔属15Briza L. 20 3 凌风草属8Bromus L. 100 74 雀麦属8Broussonetia L'Her. ex Vent. 8 4 构属7e(→6)Brucea J. F. Mill. 8 2 鸦胆子属4Bruguiera Savigny 6 4 木榄属4Bruinsmia Boerl. & Koord. 2 1 岐序野茉莉属7 Brylkinia F. Schmidt 1 1 扁穗草属14SJBryocarpum Hook. f. & Thomson 1 1 长果报春属14SH Bryophyllum Salisb. 20 1 枷蓝菜属2(6)Buchanania Spreng. 25 4 山羡子属5Buchnera L. 100 1 鬼羽箭属2((4,3)Buckleya Torr. 4 2 米面蓊属9Buddleja L. 100 20 醉鱼草属2(7,14) 2 Bulbophyllum Thouars 100 101 石豆兰属2(6) Bulbostylis Kunth 100 3 球柱草属2Bulleyia Schltr. 1 1 蜂腰兰属14SH(15)Bunias L. 6 2 匙荠属10(12)Buphthalmum L. 2 1 牛眼菊属(10)Bupleurum L. 190 64 柴胡属8Burmannia L. 60 9 水玉簪属2(9,3)Burretiodendron Rehd. 6 2 柄翅果属7 2Butea Roxb. ex Willd. 2 2 紫铆属7aButomus L. 1 1 花蔺属8(9-10)Buxus L. 50 28 黄杨属8 4Byttneria Loefl. 70 3 刺果藤属2Cabomba Aubl. 5 1 竹节水松属9(3)Cachrys L. 4 1 绵果芹属(12)Caesalpinia L. 150 17 云实属2(8-4)Cajanus Adans. 37 8 木豆属6Caladium Vent. 7 1 五彩芋属(3)Calamagrostis Adans. 230 10 拂子茅属8Calamintha Mill. 7 1 新风轮属10Calamus L. 400 54 省藤属7a-cCalanthe Ker Gawl. 150 54 虾脊兰属2(3)Calathodes Hook. f. & Thomson 3 4 鸡爪草属14SH Calcareoboea C. Y. Wu ex H. W. Li 1 1 朱红苣苔属15 Caldesia Parl. 4 2 泽苔草属4Calendula L. 12 1 金盏花属12Calla L. 1 1 水芋属8Calliandra Benth. 200 2 朱缨花属2Callianthemum C. A. Mey. 14 5 美花草属10 Callicarpa L. 140 61 紫珠属2(3)Calligonum L. 80 23 沙拐枣属12Callistemon R. Br. 30 3 红千层属(5) SCallistephus Cass. 1 1 翠菊属14SJCallitriche L. 17 5 水马齿属1(8-4)Callostylis Blume 2 1 美柱兰属7a(14SH)Calogyne R. Br. 9 1 离根香属5(7a)Calophaca Fisch. ex DC. 5 3 丽豆属11 Calophanoides (C. B. Clarke) Ridl. 18 17 杜根藤属5(/7a) Calophyllum L. 187 4 红厚壳属2Calopogonium Desv. 8 1 毛蔓豆属3Calotis R. Br. 26 1 刺冠菊属5Calotropis R. Br. 3 2 牛角瓜属6Caltha L. 12 9 驴蹄草属8Calycanthus L. 2 3 夏蜡梅属(9)Calycopteris Lam. 1 1 萼翅藤属7aCalypso Salisb. 1 1 布袋兰属8Calystegia R. Br. 25 8 打碗花属8Camchaya Gagnep. 5 1 凋缨菊属7Camelina Crantz 7 2 亚麻荠属10(12)Camellia L. 200 238 茶属7a(14)Cameraria L. 6 1 鸭蛋花属(3)Campanula L. 300 21 风铃草属8(12) Campanumoea Blume 8 6 金钱豹属7a Camphorosma L. 11 2 樟味藜属10Campsis Lour. 2 1 紫葳属9Camptotheca Decne. 1 2 喜树属15 4 Campylandra Baker 16 16 开口箭属14SH Campylotropis Bunge 65 38 杭子梢属11 Cananga (DC.) Hook.f. & Thomson 3 2 依兰属(5) Canarium L. 77 7 橄榄属4Canavalia Adans. 21 6 刀豆属2Cancrinia Kar. & Kir. 30 5 小甘菊属13Canna L. 10 1 美人蕉属3Cannabis L. 1 1 大麻属11(13)Canscora Lam. 30 3 穿心草属4(7)Cansjera Juss. 3 1 山柑属5Canthium Lam. 50 4 鱼骨木属4Capparis L. 250 32 槌果藤属2Capsella Medik. 5 1 荠属1Capsicum L. 10 1 辣椒属(3)Caragana Fabr. 80 81 锦鸡儿属11(14)Carallia Roxb. 10 4 竹节树属5(7d)Cardamine L. 200 47 碎米荠属1Cardaria Desv. 2 3 群心菜属12Cardiandra Siebold & Zucc. 2 3 草绣球属14SJ 4 Cardiocrinum (Endl.) Lindl. 3 3 大百合属14 Cardiospermum L. 14 1 倒地铃属2(3)Carduus L. 91 3 飞廉属10(12)Carex L. 2000 548 苔属1Carica L. 23 1 番木瓜属(3)Carissa L. 37 4 假虎刺属4Carlemannia Benth. 3 1 香茜属7 1Carlesia Dunn 1 1 山茴香属15Carlina L. 20 1 刺苞术属10(12)Carmona Cav. 1 1 基及树属5(→14SJ) Carpesium L. 25 20 天名精属10Carpinus L. 26 41 鹅耳枥属8Carrierea Franch. 3 2 山羊角树属7Carthamus L. 17 2 红花属12Carum L. 30 6 葛缕子属8(→8-4)Carya Nutt. 18 5 山核桃属9 4 Caryodaphnopsis Airy Shaw 15 5 檬果樟属3 Caryopteris Bunge 6 16 莸属14Caryota L. 12 4 鱼尾葵属5Casearia Jacq. 160 16 嘉赐树属2Casimiroa La Llave & Lex. 5 1 香肉果属(3) Cassia L. 30 22 决明属2Cassiope D. Don 11 11 锦绦属8 dCastanea Mill. 10 4 栗属8 4Castanopsis (D. Don) Spach 110 59 锥栗属9(7) 4 Castilleja Mutis ex L.f. 200 1 火焰草属8 Casuarina L. 17 3 木麻黄属(5)Catabrosa P. Beauv. 2 3 沿沟草属8Catabrosella (Tsvelev) Tsvelev 9 1 小沿沟草属13 Catalpa Scop. 11 4 梓属9Catha Forssk. ex Schreb. 3 1 巧茶属(6) Catharanthus G. Don 6 1 长春花属6 Cathayanthe Chun 1 1 扁蒴苣苔属15 Catunaregam Wolf 6 1 山石榴属6 Caulokaempferia Larsen 10 1 大苞姜属7 Caulophyllum Michx. 3 1 红三七属9 5Cautleya Hook. f. 5 3 距药姜属14SHCavea W. W. Sm. & Small 1 1 葶菊属14Cayratia Juss. 50 20 乌蔹莓属4(5,14)Cedrela P. Browne 8 1 洋椿属(3)Ceiba Mill. 12 1 吉贝属(2)Celastrus L. 32 26 南蛇藤属2(14)Celosia L. 45 3 青葙属2Celtis L. 100 12 朴属2Cenchrus L. 30 2 蒺藜草属2(3,17) Cenocentrum Gagnep. 1 1 大萼葵属7 Cenolophium W. D. J. Koch 1 1 空棱芹属10 Centaurea L. 500 10 矢车菊属8Centaurium Hill 20 3 百金花属8Centella L. 40 1 积雪草属1Centipeda Lour. 6 1 石胡荽属2Centotheca Desv. 4 2 酸模芒属4(5/6) Centranthera R. Br. 9 5 胡麻草属5(7a-c) Centrolepis Labill. 27 1 刺鳞草属5 1 Centrosema (DC.) Benth. 35 1 距瓣豆属(3) Ceodes J. R. Forst. & G. Forst. 25 2 胶果木属(5) Cephaelis Sw. 100 1 头九节属2(3) Cephalanthera Rich. 14 9 头蕊兰属9(10) Cephalantheropsis Guillaumin 8 2 黄兰属7ab(14SJ) Cephalanthus L. 6 1 风箱树属2(3) Cephalomappa Baill. 5 1 肥牛木属7a Cephalorrhynchus Boiss. 15 3 头嘴苣属12 Cephalostachyum Munro 20 4 空竹属7 Cephalostigma A. DC. 15 1 星花草属7 Cerastium L. 100 30 卷耳属8Cerasus Mill. 140 56 樱属8Ceratanthus F. Muell. ex G. Taylor 10 1 角花属5(7d) Ceratocarpus L. 2 1 角果藜属12Ceratocephala Moench 3 2 角果毛茛属8Ceratophyllum L. 6 3 金鱼藻属1Ceratostigma Bunge 8 5 角柱花属6Ceratostylis Blume 100 3 牛角兰属7eCerbera L. 4 1 海忙果属5(7a)Cercidiphyllum Siebold & Zucc. 2 1 连香树属14SJ SJCercis L. 6 7 紫荆属8(9)Ceriops Arn. 3 1 角果木属4(6)Ceriscoides (Hook.f.) Tirveng. 7 1 木瓜榄属7abCeropegia L. 160 17 吊灯花属4Cestrum L. 175 3 夜香树属(3)Chaenomeles Lindl. 4 5 木瓜属14Chaerophyllopsis Boissieu 1 1 茴芹属15Chaerophyllum L. 35 2 细叶芹属8Chaetocarpus Thwaites 19 1 刺果树属2Chaetoseris C. Shih 18 21 毛鳞菊属14SHChaiturus Willd. 1 1 鬃尾草属10Chamabainia Wight 2 1 微柱麻属7Chamaedaphne Moench 1 1 地桂属8 dChamaegastrodia Makino & F. Maek. 1 4 迭鞘兰属14(7-4) Chamaemelum Mill. 6 1 果香菊属(10-1) Chamaepericlymenum Hill 3 1 草茱萸属8 4Chamaerhodos Bunge 11 5 地蔷薇属9(14)Chamaesciadium C. A. Mey. 1 1 矮伞芹属13Chamaesium H. Wolff 5 6 矮泽芹属14SHChamaesphacos (Schrenk ex) Fisch. & C. A. Mey. 1 1 矮刺苏属13 Champereia Griff. 1 1 台湾山柚属7a-dChampionella Bremek. 7 10 黄猄草属14SJChangium H. Wolff 2 1 明党参属15Changnienia S. S. Chien 1 1 独花兰属15Chartolepis Cass. 7 1 薄鳞菊属12Chassalia Comm. ex Poir. 42 2 弯管花属6(5/7)Chaydaia Pit. 2 1 苞叶木属7Cheilotheca Hook. f. 4 3 假水晶兰属7a dCheirostylis Blume 15 13 叉柱兰属4(6)Chelidonium L. 1 1 白屈菜属10 4Chelonopsis Miq. 13 15 铃子香属14Chengiopanax C. B. Shang & J. X. Huang 2 1 人参木属14SJ Chenopodium L. 100 16 藜属1Chesneya Lindl. ex Endl. 20 8 雀儿豆属12Chesniella Boriss. 6 2 旱雀豆属(13)Chikusichloa Koidz. 3 2 山涧草属14SJChiloschista Lindl. 18 3 异唇兰属5(7e)Chimaphila Pursh 5 3 梅笠草属8 dChimonanthus Lindl. 6 3 蜡梅属15Chimonobambusa Makino 10 21 寒竹属14(or 14SJ) Chimonocalamus J. R. Xue (Hsueh) & Yi 11 10 香竹属7Chiogenes Salisb. ex Torr. 3 2 伏地杜鹃属9(→8-2) d Chionanthus L. 100 8 流苏树属9Chionocharis I. M. Johnst. 1 1 垫紫草属14SH Chionographis Maxim. 7 1 白丝草属14SJ 4Chirita Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don 130 108 唇柱苣苔属7a-c Chiritopsis W. T. Wang 7 11 小花苣苔属15 Chisocheton Blume 51 1 溪桫属7eChloranthus Sw. 18 18 金粟兰属7d(14)Chloris Sw. 40 4 虎尾草属2(3)Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. 215 4 吊兰属2 3 Choerospondias Burtt & A. W. Hill 1 2 南酸枣属14 Chonemorpha G. Don 13 8 鹿角藤属7aChorisis DC. 1 1 沙苦荬属14SJChorispora R. Br. ex DC. 13 8 离子芥属12(13) Chosenia Nakai 1 1 钻天柳属11 4Christia Moench 12 5 蝙蝠草属5Christisonia Gardner 17 1 彩花菰属7aChristolea Cambess. ex Jacquem. 13 2 高原芥属13 Chroesthes Benoist 4 1 色萼花属7Chrozophora A. Juss. 12 1 沙戟属12 Chrysanthemum L. 3 3 菊属10(12)Chrysoglossum Blume 6 1 金唇兰属7e Chrysophyllum L. 43 1 金叶树属2Chrysopogon Trin. 26 3 金须茅属2Chrysosplenium L. 60 45 猫眼草属8Chuanminshen M. L. Sheh & R. H. Shan 1 1 川明参属15 Chukrasia A. Juss. 1 2 麻楝属7aChunia H. T. Chang 1 1 假马蹄荷属15 4 Chuniophoenix Burret. 3 2 掌叶海枣属7Cicer L. 40 2 鹰嘴豆属12Cicerbita Wallr. 18 4 岩参属12Cichorium L. 7 3 菊苣属12Cicuta L. 8 2 毒芹属8Cimicifuga Wernisch. 18 12 升麻属8Cinchona L. 23 3 金鸡纳树属(3)Cinna L. 4 1 单蕊草属8Cinnamomum Schaeff. 350 47 樟属3Cipadessa Blume 1 2 浆果楝属7aCircaea L. 7 11 露珠草属8Circaeaster Maxim. 1 1 星叶属13 2Cirsium Mill. 250 50 蓟属8Cissampelopsis (DC.) Miq. 10 6 菊藤属7a Cissampelos L. 20 1 锡生藤属2Cissus L. 200 16 白粉藤属2Cistanche Hoffmanns. & Link 16 5 肉苁蓉属12 Cithareloma Bunge 3 1 竖琴芥属13(→12)Citrullus Schrad. 4 1 西瓜属(6)Cladium P. Browne 2 3 一本芒属2(9) Cladogynos Zipp. ex Span. 1 1 枝实属7a-c Cladopus H. Moeller 5 1 川苔草属7a/c Cladrastis Raf. 6 5 香槐属9Claoxylon A. Juss. 80 5 白桐树属4Clarkella Hook. F. 2 1 岩上珠属14SHClarkia Pursh 33 1 克拉花属(3)Clausena Burm.f. 23 12 黄皮属4Clausia Korn.-Trotzky ex Hayek 5 2 香芥属12 Cleghornia Wight 4 1 毛药藤属7a Cleidiocarpon Airy Shaw 2 1 蝴蝶果属7 Cleidion Blume 25 3 棒柄花属2Cleisostoma Blume 80 18 隔距兰属5(7e) Cleistanthus Hook.f. ex Planch. 140 12 闭花木属4 Cleistocalyx Blume 21 2 水蓊属5 SClematis L. 295 218 铁线莲属1(8-4) Clematoclethra (Franch.) Maxim. 1 27 藤山柳属15 Cleome L. 150 7 白花菜属2 Clerodendranthus Kudo 5 1 肾茶属5(7a-c) Clerodendrum L. 400 42 臭牡丹属2(2-3)Clethra L. 64 35 山柳属3Cleyera Thunb. 17 14 肖柃属9Clinacanthus Nees 2 2 鳄嘴花属7a Clinopodium L. 20 11 风轮菜属8(9,7,14) Clintonia Raf. 5 1 七筋菇属9 4Clitoria L. 60 4 蝶豆属2(3)Cnesmone Blume 10 3 刺毛藤属7aCnestis Juss. 13 2 螫毛藤属6Cnicus L. 1 1 截掖花属12Cnidium (Cusson ex) Juss. 20 5 蛇床属9 Coccinia Wight & Arn. 30 1 红瓜属4Cocculus DC. 8 4 木防己属2Cochlianthus Benth. 2 2 旋花豆属14SHCocos L. 1 1 椰子属2Codariocalyx Hassk. 2 2 舞草属5(7)Codiaeum A. Juss. 15 1 变叶木属(5) Codonacanthus Nees 2 1 钟花草属7 Codonopsis Wall. 30 51 党参属14Coelachne R. Br. 10 1 小丽草属4(5) Coeloglossum Hartm. 1 1 凹唇兰属8 Coelogyne Lindl. 100 25 贝母兰属7e Coelonema Maxim. 1 1 穴丝荠属15 Coelopleurum Ledeb. 1 2 高山芹属11 Coelorachis Brongn. 21 2 空轴茅属2 Coelospermum Blume 17 2 穴果木属(5)Coffea L. 90 1 咖啡属6(4?)Coldenia L. 1 1 刺锚草属2(3)Coleanthus Seidel 1 1 莎禾属8Colebrookea Sm. 1 1 羽萼木属7Coleostephus Cass. 3 1 鞘冠菊属(10-1)Collabium Blume 10 3 吻兰属7Colocasia Schott 8 6 芋属7aColona Cav. 30 2 一担柴属7 2Colquhounia Wall. 3 9 火把花属14SH(→7) Colubrina Rich. ex Brongn. 31 2 蛇藤属2(3,5) Coluria R. Br. 5 5 无尾果属11Colutea L. 28 4 鱼鳔槐属10Comanthosphace S. Moore 5 4 绵穗苏属14SJ Comarum L. 5 2 沼委陵菜属8Comastoma (Wettst.) Toyok. 15 12 喉花草属8(14SH) Combretum Loefl. 250 13 风车藤属2Commelina L. 170 8 鸭跖草属2Commersonia J. R. Forst. & G. Forst. 14 1 山麻树属5 Commicarpus Standl. 16 2 黄细心属2Conandron Siebold & Zucc. 1 1 苦苣苔属14SJ Congea Roxb. 7 2 绒苞藤属7aConioselinum Hoffm. 10 3 山芎属8Conium L. 6 1 毒参属10Connarus L. 77 4 牛栓藤属2(3)Conringia Heist. ex Fabr. 6 1 线果芥属12 Consolida (DC.) Gray 43 1 飞燕草属8(12) Convallaria L. 3 1 铃兰属8 4Convolvulus L. 100 8 旋花属1(8-4)Conyza Less. 60 11 假蓬属2(3)Coptis Salisb. 15 7 黄连属8(9)Coptosapelta Korth. 13 1 流苏子属7b Corallodiscus Batalin 18 3 珊瑚苣苔属14SH Corallorrhiza Gagnebin 15 1 珊瑚兰属8 Corchoropsis Siebold & Zucc. 3 2 田麻属14SJ 2 Corchorus L. 100 4 黄麻属2 2Cordia L. 320 5 破布木属2(3)Cordyline Comm. ex R. Br. 15 1 朱蕉属(2) Coreopsis L. 50 3 金鸡菊属2Coriandrum L. 3 1 芫荽属12Coriaria L. 5 3 马桑属8 6Corispermum L. 3 29 虫实属8Cornulaca Delile 6 1 单刺蓬属12Cornus L. 65 2 山茱荑属8(9) 4Coronilla L. 9 2 小冠花属(12)Coronopus Zinn 10 2 肾果荠属1Cortaderia Stapf 24 1 蒲苇属(3)Cortia DC. 8 1 郏栓果芹属13Cortiella C. Norman 3 3 栓果芹属13Cortusa L. 8 2 假报春属10Corybas Salisb. 100 3 铠兰属5(7e)Corydalis DC. 400 340 紫堇属8(14→9) 4Corylopsis Siebold & Zucc. 7 23 蜡瓣花属14 4Corylus L. 15 10 榛木属8Corymborkis Thouars 8 1 管花兰属2(3) Cosmianthemum Bremek. 8 4 秋英爵床属7Cosmos Cav. 26 2 秋英属3Cosmostigma Wight 3 1 荟蔓藤属7Costus L. 42 10 闭鞘姜属2Cotinus Mill. 3 5 黄栌属8(9)Cotoneaster Medik. 261 95 栒子属10(9-1)Cotula L. 55 2 山芫荽属8Cotylanthera Blume 4 1 寄生龙胆属7b/eCousinia Cass. 500 11 刺头菊属12Craibiodendron W. W. Sm. 5 4 假木荷属7 dCraigia W. W. Sm. & W. E. Evans 1 2 滇桐属7 2Crambe L. 20 1 两节荠属12Craniospermum Lehm. 4 2 颅果草属11Craniotome Rchb. 1 1 簇序草属14SHCraspedolobium Harms 1 1 巴豆藤属15 Crassocephalum Moench 24 1 木耳菜属6Crataegus L. 186 23 山楂属8(9)Crateva L. 6 4 鱼木属2(3)Cratoxylum Blume 6 3 黄牛木属7abCrawfurdia Wall. 16 15 龙胆属14SHCremanthodium Benth. 70 69 垂头菊属14SHCremastra Lindl. 2 2 杜鹃兰属14Crepidiastrum Nakai 15 4 假还阳参属14SJCrepis L. 200 23 驴打滚草属8Crinum L. 120 2 文殊兰属2 SCrocus L. 80 2 番红花属12 2Croomia Torr. 3 1 金刚大属9Crossostephium Less. 1 1 芙蓉菊属14SJCrotalaria L. 600 45 猪屎豆属2Croton L. 750 25 巴豆属2Crucihimalaya Alshehbaz et al. 9 6 须弥芥属11(→14SH) Crupina (Pers.) DC. 3 1 半毛菊属13Crypsis Aiton 8 2 隐花草属12Crypteronia Blume 4 1 隐翼属7ab bCryptocarya R. Br. 200 19 厚壳桂属2(3)Cryptochilus Wall. 6 2 宿苞兰属14SHCryptocoryne Fisch. ex Wydler 50 4 隐棒花属7c Cryptodiscus Schrenk ex Fisch. & C. A. Mey. 4 2 隐盘芹属13 Cryptolepis R. Br. 26 2 白叶藤属4(6)Cryptospora Kar. & Kir. 3 1 隐子芥属13(→12)Cryptostylis R. Br. 20 2 隐柱兰属5(7e)Cryptotaenia DC. 6 3 鸭儿芹属8(→8-4,9)Cucumis L. 32 6 甜瓜属4Cucurbita L. 13 3 南瓜属(3)Cudrania Trécul. 6 5 柘属5(7)Cuminum L. 4 1 孜然芹属(12)Cuphea P. Browne 260 7 萼距花属(3)Curculigo Gaertn. 10 7 仙茅属2Curcuma L. 40 12 姜黄属5(7)Cuscuta L. 145 13 菟丝子属2Cyamopsis DC. 3 1 瓜儿豆属(6)Cyananthus Wall. ex Benth. 19 35 蓝钟花属14SH Cyanotis D. Don 50 5 蓝耳草属4Cyathocline Cass. 3 1 杯菊属7Cyathostemma Griff. 8 1 杯冠木属7aCyathula Blume 25 4 杯苋属2Cyclanthera Schrad. 15 1 小雀瓜属(3)Cyclea Arn. ex Wight 29 14 轮环藤属7ab Cyclobalanopsis Oersted 150 69 青冈属7 4Cyclocarya Iljinsk. 1 1 青钱柳属15 4Cyclorhiza M. L. Sheh & R. H. Shan 1 2 环根芹属15 Cymaria Benth. 2 2 岐伞花属7a-cCymbaria L. 4 2 大黄花属10Cymbidium Sw. 44 34 兰属5(7,14)Cymbopogon Spreng. 56 16 香茅属4(6)Cymodocea K. D. Koenig 4 1 丝粉藻属4Cynanchum L. 100 58 鹅绒藤属10Cynara L. 8 2 菜蓟属(12)Cynodon Rich. 8 3 狗牙根属2(4)Cynoglossum L. 75 15 倒提壶属8Cynomorium L. 1 1 锁阳属12 1Cynosurus L. 5 1 洋狗尾草属12Cyperus L. 300 51 莎草属1Cypholophus Wedd. 15 1 隆冠麻属7eCyphotheca Diels 1 1 药囊花属15Cypripedium L. 40 33 杓兰属8(9)Cyrtandra J. R. (Forst.) & G. Forst. 550 1 曲蕊花属5(7a-e) Cyrtandromoea Zoll. 11 1 囊萼花属7aCyrtanthera Nees 10 1 珊瑚花属(3)Cyrtococcum Stapf 11 4 弓果黍属4Cyrtosia Bl. 5 3 肉果兰属7Cyrtosperma Griff. 11 1 曲籽芋属7dCystacanthus T. Anderson 10 4 鳔冠花属7Cytisus Desf. 33 2 金雀儿属(12)Czernaevia Turcz. Ex Ledeb. 1 3 柳叶芹属11 Dactylicapnos Wall. 10 4 紫金龙属14SH 4Dactylis L. 5 2 鸭茅属10Dactyloctenium Willd. 10 1 龙爪茅属2(6)Daemonorops Blume 114 1 黄藤属7a/cDahlia Cav. 29 1 大丽花属(3)Dalbergia L.f. 100 29 黄檀属2Dalechampia L. 115 2 黄蓉花属2(3)Damnacanthus Gaertn. f. 6 11 虎刺属14Danthonia DC. 100 1 扁芒草属8Daphne L. 50 55 瑞香属8Daphniphyllum Blume 10 10 交让木属7(5,14)Dapsilanthus B. G. Briggs & L. A. S. Johnson 4 1 簿果草属5 S Dasymaschalon (Hook.f. & Thomson) Dalla Torre & Harms 15 3 皂帽花属7a Datura L. 9 3 曼陀罗属2(3)Daucus L. 22 2 胡萝卜属8Davidia Baill. 1 2 珙桐属15 4Dayaoshania W. T. Wang 1 1 瑶山苣苔属15Debregeasia Gaudich. 4 6 水麻属6Decaisnea Hook. f. & Thomson 1 1 猫儿子属14SHDecaschistia Wight & Arn. 18 1 十裂葵属5(7)Decaspermum J. R. Forst. & G. Forst. 30 7 子栋树属7(→5) SDecumaria L. 3 1 赤壁草属9 4Deeringia R. Br. 11 2 浆果苋属5Dehaasia Blume 35 3 莲桂属7dDeinanthe Maxim. 2 1 叉叶蓝属14SJ 4Deinocheilos W. T. Wang 2 2 全唇苣苔属15Deinostema T. Yamaz. 2 2 泽番椒属14SJDelavaya Franch. 1 1 茶条木属7Delonix Raf. 12 1 凤凰木属(6)Delphinium L. 320 229 翠雀属8Dendranthema (DC.) Des Moul. 37 22 菊属10(14)Dendrobenthamia Hutch. 12 18 四照花属14 4Dendrobium Sw. 900 76 石斛属5(7e)Dendrocalamopsis (L. C. Chia & H. L. Fung) Keng f. 1 10 绿竹属(15) Dendrocalamus Nees 35 33 牡竹属7Dendrochilum Blume 100 1 足柱兰属7eDendrocnide Miq. 37 6 树火麻属5(7)Dendrolobium (Wight & Arn.) Benth. 12 4 假木豆属5Dendropanax Decne. & Planch. 60 16 树参属3Dendrophthoe Mart. 30 1 五蕊寄生属4 SDendrotrophe Miq. 5 7 寄生藤属5(7)Dentella J. R. Forst. & G. Forst. 10 1 小牙草属5Derris Lour. 40 27 鱼藤属2Deschampsia P. Beauv. 40 9 发草属8Descurainia Webb & Berthel. 40 1 播娘蒿属8Desideria Pamp. 12 8 扇叶芥属13Desmanthus Willd. 24 1 合欢草属(3)Desmodium Desv. 450 32 山蚂蝗属9Desmos Lour. 30 4 假鹰爪属5。

第38卷第4期西南师范大学学报(自然科学版)2013年4月V o l.38N o.4J o u r n a l o f S o u t h w e s t C h i n aN o r m a lU n i v e r s i t y(N a t u r a l S c i e n c eE d i t i o n)A p r.2013文章编号:10005471(2013)04005805重庆武隆白马山自然保护区观赏植物资源及区系分析①何会流1,陈锋21.重庆城市管理职业学院工程管理学院,重庆401331;2.重庆自然博物馆,重庆400013摘要:对重庆武隆白马山自然保护区观赏植物资源及区系进行了研究,结果表明:①保护区观赏植物资源较为丰富,有维管植物143科380属749种;②保护区观赏植物有4种生活型,其中乔木155种,灌木299种,草本246种,藤本49种;③保护区观赏植物优势科㊁属明显;④保护区观赏植物地理成分比较复杂,起源古老;⑤保护区种子植物区系在科级水平上具有明显热带性质,在属级水平上具有明显温带性质.关键词:武隆;白马山;自然保护区;观赏植物;植物区系中图分类号:Q948文献标志码:A自然保护区是保护㊁研究自然资源的重要场所,是人类认识自然㊁拯救和保存某些濒于灭绝的生物物种㊁合理利用自然资源的科学基地.自然保护区在涵养水源㊁保持水土㊁调节气候㊁防风固沙㊁改善环境等方面发挥着重要作用,已经成为国家生态环境建设的重要组成部分[1].白马山自然保护区位于重庆市武隆县中南部,地理坐标在东经107ʎ32ᶄ19ᵡ 107ʎ37ᶄ42ᵡ㊁北纬29ʎ09ᶄ58ᵡ 29ʎ18ᶄ35ᵡ之间,东西长约8.7k m,南北宽约15.9k m.整个保护区包括赵家乡㊁白马镇㊁黄莺乡在内的3个乡镇和武隆县白马山国有林场,总面积7225.6h m2.其中,核心区2441.8h m2,缓冲区1496.4h m2,实验区3287.4h m2[2].保护区植被覆盖率高,生物资源较为丰富,据统计,保护区共有维管植物187科㊁724属㊁1550种.其中,观赏植物资源尤为丰富,如各种类型的杜鹃㊁蔷薇㊁玉兰㊁百合㊁兰花等.本文对保护区观赏植物资源及区系进行了研究,旨在为观赏植物资源进行引种驯化以及在园林中的应用提供理论和实践依据.1植物区系组成及分析1.1维管植物区系组成根据何明勋对观赏植物分类原则[3],本研究对保护区观赏植物进行了统计,发现保护区共有观赏植物143科380属749种,占保护区维管植物物种总数的48.32%,说明保护区观赏植物资源较为丰富.其中蕨类植物14科16属22种,裸子植物8科14属20种,被子植物121科350属705种.保护区观赏植物主要属于杜鹃花科㊁木兰科㊁山茶科㊁山茱萸科㊁毛茛科㊁豆科㊁蔷薇科㊁菊科㊁忍冬科㊁兰科等科属.①收稿日期:20120927Copyright©博看网. All Rights Reserved.基金项目:三峡库区生态环境与生物资源省部共建国家重点实验室基金资助项目(S K J2012-10).作者简介:何会流(1968),男,重庆人,副教授,主要从事园林观赏植物的研究.1.2 植物生活型保护区观赏植物中灌木植物最为丰富,共299种,占总种数的39.92%,以蔷薇科㊁山茶科㊁山茱萸科㊁虎耳草科种类为主;草本次之,共246种,占总种数的32.84%,以毛茛科㊁伞形科㊁菊科植物种类为主;乔木占20.69%,以松科㊁柏科㊁壳斗科㊁樟科种类为主;藤本较少,仅占6.54%,以葡萄科㊁桑科㊁毛茛科㊁五加科种类为主(表1).表1 保护区观赏植物生活型生活型乔木灌木草本藤本总计物种数/种15529924649749总物种数百分比/%20.6939.9232.846.541001.3 种子植物科属级别统计分析根据李锡文关于种子植物科的大小划分标准,结合保护区实际,将观赏植物中种子植物科划分为4个等级:单种科(含1种)㊁少种科(含2~10种)㊁中等科(含11~600种)㊁大科(>600种)(表2)[4-5].由表2可知,单种科所占比例最低,为4.65%;中等科所占比例最高,达76.74%;大科虽仅有11个,但所含种类(287种)占保护区观赏植物总种数的40.00%,说明保护区观赏植物中种子植物优势科较为明显.表2 保护区种子植物科的级别统计级 别裸子植物被子植物合 计占种子植物总科数比例/%单种科(1种)2464.65少种科(2~10种)2111310.08中等科(11~600种)4959976.74大科(>600种)011118.53合 计8121129100.00 根据吴征镒[6]关于中国种子植物属的大小划分标准,结合保护区实际,将观赏植物中种子植物364属分为4个等级:单种属(1种)㊁少种属(2~10种)㊁中等属(11~40种)㊁大属(40种以上)(表3)[6].由表3可知,单种属最少,有37属,占总属数的10.16%;少种属最多,有134属,占总属数的36.81%;中等属最多,有115属,占总属数的31.59%;大属有78属,占总属数的21.43%,所占比例不高,但所含物种数占种子植物总种数的37.00%,说明保护区观赏植物中种子植物优势属较为明显.表3 保护区种子植物属的级别统计级 别裸子植物被子植物合 计占总属数比例/%单种属(1种)3343710.16少种属(2~10种)812613436.81中等属(10~40种)311211531.59大属(40种以上)0787821.43合 计14350364100.001.4 种子植物区系分析根据吴征镒的‘中国种子植物属的分布区类型“(1991)[6]㊁李锡文的‘关于中国种子植物科的分布区类型“(1996)[5],对本区种子植物科属分布区类型进行分析.1.4.1 科的区系成分分析由表4可知,该区种子植物科分为10个分布区类型,其中世界分布22科,占总科数的18.18%;热带分布科65科(2~7型),占总科数的53.72%;温带分布科(8~10型)28科,占总科数的23.14%.在科的分布区类型上,热带科所占比例较大,说明保护区观赏植物中种子植物科具有热带区系性质,这与保护区处于亚热带地理位置相吻合.(1)世界分布科 保护区观赏植物世界分布共22科,如:石竹科㊁唇形科㊁菊科等.其中蔷薇科由南北温带广布而成世界分布,尤以北半球温带至亚热带为主,是河谷㊁山地灌丛的重要优势类群;菊科长期16第4期 何会流,等:重庆武隆白马山自然保护区观赏植物资源及区系分析Copyright ©博看网. All Rights Reserved.在东亚分化㊁发展,因此东亚菊科区系较为古老,种类也最为丰富.(2)热带分布科 热带分布的65科中,泛热带分布57科,占热带分布类型的87.69%,也是保护区内主要的分布区类型,说明保护区种子植物区系具有明显的热带性质.泛热带分布科中,既有较小科,如八角枫科㊁交让木科㊁雨久花科等,也有较大科,如樟科㊁蝶形花科㊁山茶科等.其中,樟科是一个起源古老的自然科,广布于热带和亚热带,成为中国(也是东亚)区系的特色之一;蝶形花科属种多样性极丰富,分布于全球各种生境,在世界特大科中排第三.(3)温带分布科 温带分布的28科中,北温带分布类型及变型有22科,占本分布类型的78.57%,是温带分布科中的主要分布区类型.温带分布科中,裸子植物有松科㊁杉科等,被子植物有马桑科㊁虎耳草科㊁山茱萸科等.毛茛科以温带分布为主,是草本方面体现东亚特色的大科.杜鹃花科是仅存在我国的一个大属,该科充分体现中国区系,大多种类为园林观赏植物.(4)中国特有科 中国特有分布4科,即银杏科㊁珙桐科㊁杜仲科和大血藤科等,均为较原始的单型小科.说明保护区内特有科较明显,这主要源于保护区受第四纪冰川影响较小,成为许多孑遗物种的避难所.表4 保护区种子植物科的分布区类型分布区类型科 数占总科数百分比/%分布区类型科 数占总科数百分比/%1.世界分布2218.188.北温带分布及其变型2218.182.泛热带分布5747.119.东亚和北美洲间断分布及其变型54.133.热带亚洲和热带美洲间断分布32.4810.旧世界温带分布10.834.旧世界热带分布21.6514.东亚分布(东喜马拉雅-日本)21.657.热带亚洲(印度 马来西亚)32.4815.中国特有分布43.31合 计121100.001.4.2 属的区系分析根据吴征镒关于中国种子植物属分布区的划分方案[6-7],对保护区364属观赏植物进行归类统计,发现该区种子植物属有14个分布区类型(表5).其中世界分布属35属,占总属数的9.62%;热带分布属122属(2~7型),占总属数的33.52%;温带分布属(8~14型)191属,占总属数的52.47%;中国特有属16属,占总属数的4.40%.温带分布属占比例最高,说明保护区种子植物属的区系具有明显温带性质.表5 保护区种子植物属的分布区类型分布区类型属 数占总属数比例/%分布区类型属 数占总属数比例/%1.世界分布359.629.东亚和北美洲间断分布及其变型328.792.泛热带分布4111.2610.旧世界温带分布256.873.热带亚洲和热带美洲间断分布92.4711.温带亚洲分布61.654.旧世界热带184.9512.地中海㊁西亚至中亚分布及其变型10.275.热带亚洲至热带大洋洲41.1014.中亚分布及其变型4111.266.热带亚洲至热带非洲184.9515.中国特有分布164.407.热带亚洲328.79合 计364100.008.北温带分布及其变型8623.63 (1)世界分布属 世界分布属共35属,占该区总属数的9.62%,它们中大多数是草本或灌木,在我国普遍分布,如悬钩子属(R u b u s ),苔草属(C a r e x )㊁蓼属(P o l y g o n u m ).其中蓼属为北温带广布,但在新世界南达西印度群岛和热带南美,是蓼科中的骨干大属,有许多常见的种和杂草.(2)泛热带分布属 泛热带分布共41属,占该区总属数的11.26%.主要的观赏属有黄杨属(B u x u s )㊁冷水花属(P i l e a )㊁花椒属(Z a n t h o x yl u m )等.(3)热带亚洲和热带美洲间断分布属 热带亚洲和热带美洲间断分布在保护区内有9属,占该区总属26西南师范大学学报(自然科学版) h t t p ://x b b jb .s w u .c n 第38卷Copyright ©博看网. All Rights Reserved.数的2.47%.有木姜子属(L i t s e a )㊁泡花树属(M e l i o s m a )㊁楠木属(P h o e b e),该分布类型均为木本属.对于这一分布型,一般认为起源于古南亚大陆[8].(4)旧世界热带分布属 旧世界热带分布共18属,占全区总属数的4.95%.有楼梯草属(E l a t o s t e -m a )㊁海桐花属(P i t t o s po r u m )㊁野桐属(M a l l o t u s )等.(5)热带亚洲至热带大洋州分布属 热带亚洲至热带大洋州分布共4属,占总属数的1.10%.主要包括通泉草属(M a z u s )㊁荛桡花属(W i k s t r o e m i a )㊁兰属(C y m b i d i u m )等.(6)热带亚洲和热带非洲分布属 热带亚洲和热带非洲分布有20属,占该区总属数的4.95%.如水麻属(D e b r e ge a s i a )㊁川赤瓟属(T h l a d i a n t h a )等.(7)热带亚洲分布属 热带亚洲分布共32属,占总属数的8.79%.本分布型不少属是组成保护区常绿阔叶林的重要成分.组成林木上层的主要有青冈属(C y c l o b a l a n o ps i s )等;灌木层的主要有新木姜子属(N e -o l i t s e a )㊁山茶属(C a m e l l i a )㊁山胡椒属(L i n d e r a )等;林下草本植物有蛇莓属(D u c h e s n e a ).(8)北温带分布属 北温带分布共计86属,占本区总属数的23.63%,是本区总属数最多的分布型.北温带分布类型包括许多变型属,荚蒾属(V i b u r n u m )㊁蔷薇属(R o s a )和杜鹃花属(R h o d o d e n d r o n )等.其中,杜鹃花属是林下或林缘灌木层的重要成分,从 小三角 地区早期起源后,在第三纪和第四纪许多次变动中逐渐向喜马拉雅和环北地区扩散,并向东南亚热带高山发育了最进化的顶极,多样性尤以中国为最[9].(9)东亚至北美间断分布 东亚至北美间断分布共32属,占总属数的8.79%.主要有木兰属(M a g n o -l i a )㊁绣球花属(H y d r a n g e a )㊁胡枝子属(L e s p e d e z a )等.(10)旧世界温带分布属 旧世界温带分布共计25属,占本区总属数的6.87%,主要有瑞香属(D a p h -n e )㊁火棘属(P y r a c a n t h a )㊁苜蓿属(M e d i c a go )等.(11)温带亚洲分布属 温带亚洲分布属仅6属,占本区总属数的1.65%.(12)地中海区㊁西亚至中亚分布及其变型属 地中海区㊁西亚至中亚分布及其变型共1属.(13)东亚分布及其变型 东亚分布及其变型41属,占本区总属数的11.26%.该分布类型含古老残遗性质的属较多,单型属和少型属也较丰富,如水青树属(T e t r a c e n t r o n )㊁领春木属(E u pt e l e a )㊁连香树属(C e r c i d i p h yl l u m )等.(14)中国特有属 共16属,占本区总属数的4.40%,有银杏属(G i n k g o )㊁水杉属(M e t a s e q u o i a )㊁蜡梅属(C h i m o n a n t h u s)等.2 种子植物区系特征1)保护区观赏植物资源区系成分复杂㊁类型丰富.保护区共有观赏植物143科380属749种,占保护区维管植物物种总数的48.32%,其中蕨类植物14科16属22种,裸子植物8科14属20种,被子植物121科350属705种.2)保护区种子植物优势科㊁属明显.大科有11个,占总科数的8.53%,但所含物种占保护区观赏植物物种数的40.00%;大属有78属,占总属数的21.43%,但所含物占观赏植物物种数的37.00%.3)保护区内观赏植物起源古老,单型属㊁少型属十分丰富.4)保护区观赏植物地理成分比较复杂.中国种子植物科的15种分布类型中,该地区有11种类型;中国种子植物属的15种分布类型在保护区有14种类型分布.5)保护区种子植物区系在科级水平上具有明显热带性质,在属级水平上具有明显温带性质.在科级水平上,热带分布65科,占总科数的53.72%;在属级水平上,温带分布191属,占总属数的52.47%.参考文献:[1]孙 立,李俊清.论自然保护区无形资产的作用[J ].国土资源科技管理,2005,22(6):82-87.36第4期 何会流,等:重庆武隆白马山自然保护区观赏植物资源及区系分析Copyright ©博看网. All Rights Reserved.46西南师范大学学报(自然科学版)h t t p://x b b j b.s w u.c n第38卷[2]许冬焱.白马山自然保护区植物区系组成特征[J].六盘水师范学院学报,2003(4):14-17.[3]何明勋.资源植物学[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,1996.[4]陈锋,张虹,邓洪平.四川雄龙西湿地自然保护区种子植物区系及植物资源[J].中国自然科学与博物馆研究,2011(6):11-20.[5]李锡文.中国种子植物区系统计分析[J].云南植物研究,1996,18(4):363-384.[6]吴征镒.中国种子植物属的分布区类型[J].云南植物研究,1991,I V(增刊):1-139.[7]吴征镒.论中国植物区系的分区问题[J].云南植物研究,1979,1(1):1-20.[8]路安民.种子植物科属地理[M].北京:科学出版社,1999.[9]王荷生.植物区系地理[M].北京:科学出版社,1992.O nF l o r a a n dO r n a m e n t a l P l a n t so fB a i m aN a t u r eR e s e r v e i n W u l o n g C o u n t y,C h o n g q i n gH E H u i-l i u1, C H E N F e n g21.S c h o o l o f E n g i n e e r i n g M a n a g e m e n t,C h o n g q i n g c i t y M a n a g e m e n t C o l l e g e,C h o n g q i n g401331,C h i n a;2.C h o n g q i n g M u s e u mo f N a t u r a l H i s t o r y,C h o n g q i n g400013,C h i n aA b s t r a c t:F l o r a a n do r n a m e n t a l p l a n t s o fB a i m aN a t u r eR e s e r v eh a v eb e e n s t u d i e d i n t h i s p a p e r.T h e p r e-l i m i n a r y r e s u l t s s h o wt h a t:①T h e f l o r i s t i c c o m p o n e n t s o f t h i s a r e a a r e c o m p l e x a n d t h e t a x a a r e a b u n d a n t, i n c l u d i n g143f a m i l i e s,380g e n e r a,a n d749s p e c i e s o f v a s c u l a r p l a n t s;②T h e r e a r e155t r e e s,299s h r u b s, 246h e r b s a n d49c l i m b i n gp l a n t s;③T h e d o m i n a n t f a m i l i e s a n d g e n e r a o f o r n a m e n t a l p l a n t s a r e o b v i o u s;④T h e g e o g r a p h i c a l c o m p o n e n t s a r e c o m p l e x;⑤T h e f l o r a i s o f t r o p i c a l a t t h e l e v e l o f f a m i l y,h o w e v e r,i ti s o f t e m p e r a t e a t t h e l e v e l o f g e n u s.K e y w o r d s:W u l o n g;B a i m aM o u n t a i n;n a t u r e r e s e r v e;o r n a m e n t a l p l a n t s;f l o r a责任编辑胡杨Copyright©博看网. 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世界种子植物科的分布区类型系统Ξ吴征镒,周浙昆ΞΞ,李德铢,彭　华,孙　航(中国科学院昆明植物研究所,云南昆明　650204)摘要:分布区类型是指植物类群的分布图式基本一致地再现。

分布区类型的划分是植物区系地理学研究的重要方法。

中国种子植物的3116个属被划分为15个类型和37个变型,用固定的格式代表各种分布区。

植物分布区类型的划分方法已经被实践证明是揭示各分布区类型的特征及其相互关系行之有效的方法。

本文对世界所有种子植物的科进行了分析整理,提出了世界种子植物科分布区类型的划分方案。

将世界种子植物的科划分为18个大分布区类型,并沿用中国种子植物属分布区类型的表现方式,用数字1～18代表不同的分布区类型,其中1～15与中国种子植物属分布区类型完全一致,16～18是中国没有分布的科。

除1,11,(16),(17),(18)外,均有或多或少的变型,共74个。

本文还提供了世界种子植物各科的分布区类型表。

这种划分对理解世界被子植物区系的形成发展有一定帮助,并为陆地植物分区的深入研究提供了一个有效的手段。

关键词:种子植物;分布区类型;世界;植物地理中图分类号:Q 948 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0353-2700(2003)03-0245-13The Areal 2types of the World F amilies of Seed PlantsW U Zheng 2Y i ,ZH OU Zhe 2K un ,LI De 2Zhu ,PE NG Hua ,S UN Hang(Kunming Institute o f Botany ,Chinese Academy o f Sciences ,K unm ing 650204,China )Abstract :The areal 2type means distribution map of certain plants always same or nearly same.This is an im portant method in floristic research to divide distribution into different areal 2types.M ore than 3116gen 2era of seed plants have been recorded in China.They have been classified into 15areal 2types and 37sub 2types.The certain number represent certain areal type such as number 2always means pantropic distribu 2tion pattern.A fter repeated to tests and uses ,it has been proved that characteristics and relationships of each areal type can be showen by such classification.A classification precept of families of seed plants of the w orld has been proposed at present paper.The families of seed plants of the w orld can classified into 18areal types and 74subtypes.Am ong these areal 2types ,areal 2types 1to 15are coincidence with those of Chinese seed plants.Areal 2type 16-18are the kinds of distribution pattern which can not be found in China.A distribution patterns of w orld families of seed plants is listed at present paper as well.This clas 2sification is a key to help us to understand development of flora of seed plants of the w orld and become a云南植物研究　2003,25(3):245～257Acta Botanica Yunnanica ΞΞΞ通信联系人Author for correspondence收稿日期:2003-01-25,2003-03-28接受发表作者简介:吴征镒(1916-)男,中国科学院院士,著名植物分类学和植物区系学家。

植物所属科类的划分中英文转二唇形科筋骨草属 Ajuga L. Gen. ed. I. 167. n. 466 (1737).唇形科水棘针属 Amethystea L. Amoen. Acad. i. 385 (1749).唇形科 Ballota L. ed. I. 175 (1737).唇形科 Cleonia L. Sp. Pl. ed. II. 837 (1762).唇形科风轮菜属 Clinopodium L. Syst. ed. I. (1735)唇形科 Collinsonia L. Gen. ed. I. 334 (1737).唇形科青兰属 Dracocephalum L. Gen. ed. f. 173 (1737).唇形科鼬瓣花属 Galeopsis L. Meth. 397 (1794)唇形科鼬瓣花属 Galeopsis L. Brit. Herb. 359 (1756); vide Dandy, Ind. Gen. Vasc. Pl. 1753-74 (Regn. Veg. li.)50 (1967), non L.唇形科鼬瓣花属 Galeopsis L. Syst. ed. 1 (1735).唇形科活血丹属 Glechoma L.唇形科 Horminum L.唇形科神香草属 Hyssopus L.唇形科野芝麻属 Lamium L.唇形科薰衣草属 Lavandula L.唇形科益母草属 Leonurus L.唇形科地笋属 Lycopus L.唇形科欧夏至草属 Marrubium L.唇形科蜜蜂花属 Melissa L.唇形科 Melittis L.唇形科薄荷属 Mentha L.唇形科 Moluccella L.唇形科 Monarda L.唇形科荆芥属 Nepeta L.唇形科罗勒属 Ocimum L.唇形科牛至属 Origanum L.唇形科紫苏属 Perilla L.唇形科糙苏属 Phlomis L.唇形科 Prasium L.唇形科夏枯草属 Prunella L.唇形科 Rosmarinus L.唇形科鼠尾草属 Salvia L.唇形科 Satureja L.唇形科黄芩属 Scutellaria L.唇形科毒马草属 Sideritis L.唇形科水苏属 Stachys L.唇形科香科科属 Teucrium L.唇形科 Thymbra L.唇形科百里香属 Thymus L.唇形科 Trichostema L.唇形科新塔花属 Ziziphora L.樟科无根藤属 Cassytha L. Gard. Dict. ed. VIII. (1768)樟科无根藤属 Cassytha L. Sp. Pl. ed. I. 35 (1753).樟科无根藤属 Cassytha L. Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. ii. 345 (1821) 樟科月桂属 Laurus L.玉蕊科 Grias L.玉蕊科 Gustavia L.火筒树科火筒树属 Leea L.豆科羊蹄甲属 Bauhinia L. Gen. ed. I. 126 (1737).豆科云实属 Caesalpinia L. Sp. Pl. 380 (1753).豆科决明属 Cassia L. Syst. ed. I. (1735).豆科长角豆属 Ceratonia L. Gen. ed. I. 35 (1735).豆科紫荆属 Cercis L. Sp. Pl. 374, ed. 1 (1753).豆科 Copaifera L. Sp. Pl. ed. II. 557 (17621.豆科喃喃果属 Cynometra L. in Act. Soc. Sc. Upsal. (1741) 78. 豆科 Dialium L. Mant. i. 3 (1767).豆科皂荚属 Gleditsia L.豆科 Haematoxylum L.豆科孪叶豆属 Hymenaea L.豆科扁轴木属 Parkinsonia L.豆科无忧花属 Saraca L.豆科酸豆属 Tamarindus L.豆科海红豆属 Adenanthera L. Coroll. Gen. 7 (1737).豆科海红豆属 Adenanthera L. Sp. Fl. i. 384 (1753): L. Gen. Pl., ed. 5, 181 (1754).豆科含羞草属 Mimosa L.豆科牧豆树属 Prosopis L.豆科合荫属 Aeschynomene L. Gen. ed. I. 350 (1737).豆科紫穗槐属 Amorpha L. Gen. ed. I. 229 (1737).豆科 Anagyris L. Syst. ed. I. (1735); Gen. ed. I. 219 (1737).豆科绒毛花属 Anthyllis L. Syst. ed. I (1735).豆科绒毛花属 Anthyllis L. Fam. Pl. ii. 271, 518 (1763); vide Dandy, Ind. Gen. Vasc. Pl. 1753-74 (Regn.Veg. li.) 27 (1967).豆科绒毛花属 Anthyllis L. Fam. ii. 271 (1763)豆科落花生属 Arachis L. Syst. ed. I. (1735).豆科 Aspalathus L. Sp. Pl. 711 (1753).豆科 Aspalathus L. Stirp. Ruth. (1739) 203-10 t. 35豆科黄芪属 Astragalus L. Gen. ed. I. 215 (1737).豆科 Biserrula L. Syst. ed. I. (1735).豆科鹰嘴豆属 Cicer L. Syst. ed. I. (1735).豆科蝶豆属 Clitoria L. Gen. Pl. ed. I. 216 (1737).豆科膀胱豆属 Colutea L. Syst. ed. I (1735).豆科小冠花属 Coronilla L. Gen. ed. I. 227 (1737).豆科猪屎豆属 Crotalaria L. Gen. ed. I. 218 (1737).豆科 Dalea L. Civ. Nat. Hist. Jam. 239 (1756); vide Dandy, Ind. Gen. Vasc. Pl. 1753-74 (Regn.Vegli.) 44 (1967).豆科 Dalea L. Op. Var. 244 (1758); vide Dandy, Ind. Gen. Vasc. Pl. 1753-74 (Regn. Veg. li.) 44(1967).豆科 Dalea L. Hort. Cliff. 363. t. 22 (1737); Gen. ed. I. 349 (1737). 豆科 Dalea L. Gard. Dict. Abridg., ed. 4 (1754); vide Dandy, Ind. Gen. Vasc. Pl. 1753-74(Regn. Veg. li.) 44 (1967).豆科 Dalea L. Gard. Dict. Abridg. Ed. 4 (1754); Druce in Rep. Bot.Exch. Cl. Brit. Isles,1913, iii. 431:豆科 Dalea L. Fruct. i. 235. t. 51 (1788)豆科 Dalea L. Gen. 355 (1789).豆科扁豆属 Dolichos L. Gen. ed. I. 222 (1737).豆科 Ebenus L. Sp. Pl. 764 (1753).豆科 Ebenus L. Thes. Zeyl. (1737) 91. ex Kuntze, Rev. Gen. (1891) 408 豆科刺桐属 Erythrina L. Gen. ed. I. 216 (1737).豆科山羊豆属 Galega L. Gen. ed. I. 220 (1737).豆科染料木属 Genista L. Trait. Arb. Arbust. i. 275 (1755); vide Dandy, Ind. Gen. Vasc. Pl. 1753-74(Regn. Veg. li.) 50 (1967), non L. 豆科染料木属 Genista L. Syst. ed. I (1735).豆科甘草属 Glycyrrhiza L.豆科岩黄蓍属 Hedysarum L.豆科 Hippocrepis L.豆科木蓝属 Indigofera L.豆科山黧豆属 Lathyrus L.豆科 Liparia L.豆科百脉根属 Lotus L.豆科羽扇豆属 Lupinus L.豆科苜蓿属 Medicago L.豆科芒柄花属 Ononis L.豆科 Ornithopus L.豆科菜豆属 Phaseolus L.豆科 Piscidia L.豆科豌豆属 Pisum L.豆科补骨脂属 Psoralea L.豆科刺槐属 Robinia L.豆科 Scorpiurus L.豆科槐属 Sophora L.豆科鹰爪豆属 Spartium L.豆科车轴草属 Trifolium L.豆科胡卢巴属 Trigonella L.豆科荆豆属 Ulex L.豆科山野豌豆属 Vicia L.浮萍科浮萍属 Lemna L.狸藻科捕虫堇属 Pinguicula L.狸藻科狸藻属 Utricularia L.百合科猪牙花属 Erythronium L. Syst. ed. I. (1735).百合科贝母属 Fritillaria L. Syst. ed. I (1735).百合科百合属 Lilium L.百合科郁金香属 Tulipa L.亚麻科 Hugonia L.亚麻科亚麻属 Linum L.刺莲花科 Gronovia L.刺莲花科 Mentzelia L.马钱科度量草属 Mitreola L.马钱科 Spigelia L.马钱科度量草属 Strychnos L.桑寄生科梨果寄生属 Scurrula L.千屈菜科水苋属 Ammannia L. Gen. ed. I. 337 (1737).千屈菜科紫薇属 Lagerstroemia L.千屈菜科散沫花属 Lawsonia L.千屈菜科千屈菜属 Lythrum L.千屈菜科 Punica L.千屈菜科节节菜属 Rotala L.木兰科鹅掌楸属 Liriodendron L.木兰科木兰属 Magnolia L.木兰科含笑属 Michelia L.金虎尾科 Malpighia L.金虎尾科 Triopterys L.锦葵科蜀葵 Alcea L. Gard. Dict. Abridg. Ed. 4 (1754); Druce in Rep. Bot. Exch. Cl. Brit. Isles 1913,iii. 428:锦葵科蜀葵 Alcea L. Syst. ed. I. (1735)锦葵科蜀葵属 Althaea L. Syst. ed. I (1735锦葵科棉属 Gossypium L.锦葵科木槿属 Hibiscus L.锦葵科花葵属 Lavatera L.锦葵科 Malachra L.锦葵科 Malope L.锦葵科锦葵属 Malva L.锦葵科 Napaea L.锦葵科黄花稔属 Sida L.锦葵科梵天花属 Urena L.竹芋科 Maranta L.竹芋科 Thalia L.蜜囊花科 Marcgravia L.黑药花科粉条儿菜属 Aletris L. Diss. Chen. 15 (1751); (Amoen. Acad. iii. 11).黑药花科 Helonias L.黑药花科 Melanthium L.黑药花科藜芦属 Veratrum L.野牡丹科野牡丹属 Melastoma L.野牡丹科谷木属 Memecylon L.野牡丹科金锦香属 Osbeckia L.野牡丹科 Rhexia L.楝科 Guarea L.楝科楝属 Melia L.楝科杜楝属 Turraea L.蜜花科 Melianthus L.防己科锡生藤属 Cissampelos L. Gen. ed. I. 368 (1737).防己科蝙蝠葛属 Menispermum L.睡菜科睡菜属 Menyanthes L.粟米草科 Corrigiola L. Gen. ed. I. 340 (1737).粟米草科星粟草属 Glinus L.粟米草科 Limeum L.粟米草科粟米草属 Mollugo L.粟米草科 Pharnaceum L.粟米草科 Telephium L.桑科 Dorstenia L. Gen. ed. I. 336 (1737).桑科榕属 Ficus L. Syst. ed. I. (1735).桑科桑属 Morus L.刺参科刺续断属 Morina L.芭蕉科芭蕉属 Musa L.苦槛蓝科 Bontia L. in Loefl. Iter, 193 (1758)苦槛蓝科 Bontia L. Syst. ed. I. (1735).杨梅科杨梅属 Myrica L.紫金牛科铁仔属 Myrsine L.桃金娘科岗松属 Baeckea L. Sp. Pl. 358 (1753).桃金娘科岗松属 Baeckea L. Prod. Fl. Cap. 12 (1768)桃金娘科番樱桃属 Eugenia L. Syst. ed. I (1735)桃金娘科白千层属 Melaleuca L.桃金娘科香桃木属 Myrtus L.桃金娘科 Plinia L.桃金娘科番石榴属 Psidium L.猪笼草科猪笼草属 Nepenthes L.脉叶苏科 Grielum L.脉叶苏科 Neurada L.紫茉莉科 Allionia L. Iter, 181 (1758); Linn. Syst. ed. X. 890 (1459). 紫茉莉科黄细心属 Boerhavia L. Fl. Zeyl. 4 (1747)紫茉莉科紫茉莉属 Mirabilis L.紫茉莉科腺果藤属 Pisonia L.睡莲科睡莲属 Nymphaea L.金莲木科金莲木属 Ochna L.金莲木科 Sauvagesia L.铁青树科铁青树属 Olax L.铁青树科海檀木属 Ximenia L.木犀科流苏树属 Chionanthus L. Fruct. i. 189. t. 39 (1788)木犀科流苏树属 Chionanthus L. Gen. ed. f. 335 (1737).木犀科梣属 Fraxinus L. Syst. ed. I. (1735).木犀科素馨属 Jasminum L.木犀科女贞属 Ligustrum L.木犀科木犀榄属 Olea L.木犀科 Phillyrea L.木犀科丁香属 Syringa L.柳叶菜科露珠草属 Circaea L. Syst. ed. I. (1735); Gen. ed. I. 8 (1737).柳叶菜科柳叶菜属 Epilobium L. Syst. ed. I (1735).柳叶菜科倒挂金钟属 Fuchsia L. Prod. Veg. Ind. Occ. 62 (1788)柳叶菜科倒挂金钟属 Fuchsia L. Syst. ed. I (1735); Gen. ed. I. 27 (1737).柳叶菜科山桃草属 Gaura L. Diss. Chen. 47 (1751); Amoen. Acad. iii.26 (1756).柳叶菜科山桃草属 Gaura L. Illustr. t. 281. f. 3 (1793 ?)柳叶菜科丁香蓼属 Ludwigia L.柳叶菜科月见草属 Oenothera L.兰科 Arethusa L. Fl. Virg. 184 (1743).兰科杓兰属 Cypripedium L. Syst. ed. I (1735).兰科 Epidendrum L. Gen. ed. I. 272 (1737).兰科角盘兰属 Herminium L.兰科 Ophrys L.兰科红门兰属 Orchis L.兰科 Serapias L.酢浆草科阳桃属 Averrhoa L. Syst. ed. I (1735).酢浆草科酢浆草属 Oxalis L.芍药科芍药属 Paeonia L.棕榈科槟榔属 Areca L. Sp. Pl. ed. I. 1189 (1753).棕榈科 Borassus L. Mus. Cliff. 13 (1736).棕榈科省藤属 Calamus L. Gen. ed. I. 104 (1737)棕榈科省藤属 Calamus L. Sp. Pl. 325 (1753).棕榈科鱼属葵属 Caryota L. Mus. Cliff. 12; et Gen. ed. I. 355 (1737).棕榈科 Chamaerops L. Mus. Cliff. 10; Gen. ed. I. 354 (1737).棕榈科椰子属 Cocos L. Sp. Pl. ed. I. 1188 (1753).棕榈科 Corypha L. Mus. Cliff. 11 (1736); Gen. ed. I. 354 (1737). 棕榈科刺葵属 Phoenix L.罂粟科蓟罂粟属 Argemone L. Syst. ed. I. (1735).罂粟科 Bocconia L. Gen. ed. I. 32 (1737).罂粟科白屈菜属 Chelidonium L. Syst. ed. I. (1735).罂粟科球果紫堇属 Fumaria L. Syst. ed. I (1735).罂粟科角茴香属 Hypecoum L.罂粟科罂粟属 Papaver L.罂粟科 Sanguinaria L.梅花草科梅花草属 Parnassia L.西番莲科西番莲属 Passiflora L.胡麻科 Craniolaria L. Gen. ed. I. 346 (1737).胡麻科角胡麻属 Martynia L.胡麻科 Pedalium L.胡麻科胡麻属 Sesamum L.管萼科 Penaea L.扯根草科扯根菜属 Penthorum L.逶骨草科透骨草属 Phryma L.商陆科 Petiveria L.商陆科商陆属 Phytolacca L.商陆科 Rivina L.胡椒科胡椒属 Piper L.车前科车前属 Plantago L.悬铃木科 Platanus L.白花丹科白花丹属 Plumbago L.花荵科 Loeselia L.花荵科天蓝绣球属 Phlox L.花荵科花属 Polemonium L.远志科远志属 Polygala L.远志科蝉翼藤属 Securidaca L.蓼科木蓼属 Atraphaxis L. Syst. ed. I (1735).蓼科沙拐枣属 Calligonum L. Gen. ed. I. 345 (1737).蓼科沙拐枣属 Calligonum L. Fl. Cochinch. 342 (1790)蓼科冰岛蓼属 Koenigia L.蓼科蓼属 Polygonum L.蓼科大黄属 Rheum L.蓼科酸模属 Rumex L.雨久花科 Pontederia L.马齿苋科 Anacampseros L. Op. Var. 232 (1758); vide Dandy, Ind. Gen. Vasc. Pl. 1753-74 (Regn. Veg. li.) 26(1967).马齿苋科 Anacampseros L. Civ. Nat. Hist. Jam. 234 (1756); vide Dandy, Ind. Gen. Vasc. Pl. 1753-74 (Regn.Veg. li.) 26 (1967).马齿苋科 Anacampseros L. Gard. Dict. Abridg. Ed. 4 (1754); Druce in Rep. Bot. Exch. Cl. Brit. Isles,1913, iii. 429:马齿苋科 Anacampseros L. Syst. ed. I. (1735); Gen. ed. I. 152 (1737). 马齿苋科 Anacampseros L. Bot. Mag. t. 1367 (1811); DC. Cat. Hort. Monspel. 77 (1813); DC. Prodr. iii. 355(1828).马齿苋科 Anacampseros L. Fam. ii. 248 (1763); Haw. Syn. Pl. Succ. 111 (1812)马齿苋科水马齿苋属 Claytonia L. Gen. ed. I. 339 (1737).马齿苋科 Montia L.马齿苋科马齿苋属 Portulaca L.眼子菜科眼子菜属 Potamogeton L.眼子菜科川蔓藻属 Ruppia L.报春花科琉璃繁缕属 Anagallis L. Syst. ed. I. (1735); Gen. ed. I. 43 (1737).报春花科点地梅属 Androsace L. Syst. ed. I. (1735); Gen. ed. I. 40 (1737).报春花科 Coris L. Gen. ed. I. 338 (1737).报春花科假报春属 Cortusa L. Gen. ed. I. 40 (1737).报春花科仙客来属 Cyclamen L. Syst. ed. I (1735); Gen. ed. I. 41 (1737).报春花科 Dodecatheon L. Diss. Chen. 25 (1751); Amoen. Acad. iii. 16 (1756).报春花科海乳草属 Glaux L.报春花科 Hottonia L.报春花科珍珠菜属 Lysimachia L.报春花科报春花属 Primula L.报春花科水茴草属 Samolus L.报春花科 Soldanella L.报春花科七瓣莲属 Trientalis L.山龙眼科 Brabejum L. Gen. ed. I. 31 (1737).山龙眼科 Brabejum L. Sp. Pl.: 121 (1753); et Gen. Pl., ed. 5: 57 (1754).山龙眼科 Protea L.大花草科 Cytinus L. Gen. ed. VI. 567 (1764).毛茛科乌头属 Aconitum L. Syst. ed. I. (1735).毛茛科类叶升麻属 Actaea L. Syst. ed. I (1735).毛茛科侧金盏花属 Adonis L. Syst. ed. I. (1735).毛茛科银莲花属 Anemone L. Syst. ed. I. (1735).毛茛科耧斗菜属 Aquilegia L. Syst. ed. I. (1735).毛茛科驴蹄草属 Caltha L. Fam. ii. 126 (1763)毛茛科驴蹄草属 Caltha L. Gard. Dict. Abridg., ed. 4 (1754); vide Dandy, Ind. Gen. Vasc. Pl. 1753-74(Regn. Veg. li.) 35 (1967).毛茛科驴蹄草属 Caltha L. Syst. ed. I. (1735).毛茛科铁线莲属 Clematis L. Gen. ed. I. 163 (1737).毛茛科翠雀属 Delphinium L. Syst. ed. I. (1735).毛茛科铁筷子属 Helleborus L.毛茛科 Hydrastis L.毛茛科扁果草属 Isopyrum L.毛茛科 Myosurus L.毛茛科黑种草属 Nigella L.毛茛科毛莨属 Ranunculus L.毛茛科唐松草属 Thalictrum L.毛茛科金莲花属 Trollius L.木犀草科木犀草属 Reseda L.帚灯草科 Elegia L. Mant. ii. 162 (1767).帚灯草科 Elegia L. Mant. Fl. Alt. 162. 297 (1771); vide Dandy, Ind. Gen. Vasc. Pl. 1753-74 (Regn.Vegli.) 47 (1967).鼠李科 Ceanothus L. in Act. Soc. Sc. Upsal. 77 (1741).鼠李科 Phylica L.鼠李科鼠李属 Rhamnus L.红树科红树属 Rhizophora L.蔷薇科龙芽草属 Agrimonia L. Syst. ed. I. (1735).蔷薇科羽衣草属 Alchemilla L. Syst. ed. I. (1735).蔷薇科 Aphanes L. Gen. ed. I. 33 (1737)蔷薇科假升麻属 Aruncus L. Cat. Pl. Gott. 119 (1757), in syn.; Adans. Fam. ii. 295 (1763).蔷薇科假升麻属 Aruncus L. Syst. ed. I. (1735); Gen. ed. I. 310 (1737) 蔷薇科假升麻属 Aruncus L. Op. Var. 259 (1758); vide Dandy, Ind. Gen. Vasc. Pl. 1753-74 (Regn. Veg. li.) 2(1967).蔷薇科 Cliffortia L. Gen. ed. I. 311 (1737).蔷薇科山楂属 Crataegus L. Syst. ed. I (1735).蔷薇科仙女木属 Dryas L. Gen. ed. I. 148 (1737).蔷薇科草莓属 Fragaria L. Syst. ed. I (1735).蔷薇科路边青属 Geum L.蔷薇科 Mespilus L.蔷薇科委陵菜属 Potentilla L.蔷薇科李属 Prunus L.蔷薇科梨属 Pyrus L.蔷薇科蔷薇属 Rosa L.蔷薇科悬钩子属 Rubus L.蔷薇科地榆属 Sanguisorba L.蔷薇科山莓草属 Sibbaldia L.蔷薇科花楸属 Sorbus L.蔷薇科绣线菊属 Spiraea L.茜草科 Anthospermum L. Gen. ed. I. 302 (1737).茜草科车叶草属 Asperula L. Syst. ed. I (1735).茜草科 Catesbaea L. Gen. ed. I. 336 (1737).茜草科风箱树属 Cephalanthus L. Gen. ed. I. 61 (1737). 茜草科金鸡纳属 Cinchona L. Gen. ed. II. 526 (1742).茜草科咖啡属 Coffea L. Syst. ed. I. (1735).茜草科 Crucianella L. Syst. ed. I (1735).茜草科双角草属 Diodia L. in Linn. Cor. Gen. 11 (1737). 茜草科拉拉藤属 Galium L. Gen. ed. I. 24 (1737).茜草科 Genipa L. Syst. ed. I (1735).茜草科海岸桐属 Guettarda L.茜草科耳草属 Hedyotis L.茜草科 Houstonia L.茜草科龙船花属 Ixora L.茜草科红芽大戟属 Knoxia L.茜草科多轮草属 Lerchea L.茜草科 Manettia L.茜草科蔓虎刺属 Mitchella L.茜草科巴戟天属 Morinda L.茜草科玉叶金花属 Mussaenda L.茜草科乌檀属 Nauclea L.茜草科 Oldenlandia L.茜草科蛇根草属 Ophiorrhiza L.茜草科鸡矢藤属 Paederia L.茜草科大沙叶属 Pavetta L.茜草科 Phyllis L.茜草科九节属 Psychotria L.茜草科山黄皮属 Randia L.茜草科 Richardia L.茜草科郎德木属 Rondeletia L.茜草科茜草属 Rubia L.茜草科 Sherardia L.茜草科 Valantia L.假叶树科 Ruscus L.芸香科柑橘属 Citrus L. Syst. ed. I (1735).芸香科白鲜属 Dictamnus L. Cat. Pl. Gott. 316 (1757); cf. Sprague in Kew Bull. 1934, 218, nomen illegit.:芸香科白鲜属 Dictamnus L. Gard. Dict. Abridg., ed. 4 (1754); vide Dandy, Ind.Gen. Vasc. Pl. 1753-74(Regn. Veg. li.) 45 (1967), non L. 芸香科白鲜属 Dictamnus L. Syst. ed. I (1735).芸香科 Diosma L. Syst. ed. I (1735).芸香科宜母子 Limonia L.芸香科九里香属 Murraya L.芸香科榆桔属 Ptelea L.芸香科芸香属 Ruta L.芸香科 Spathelia L.芸香科花椒属 Zanthoxylum L.杨柳科杨属 Populus L.杨柳科柳属 Salix L.刺茉莉科 Salvadora L.檀香科沙针属 Osyris L.檀香科檀香属 Santalum L.檀香科百蕊草属 Thesium L.无患子科异木患属 Allophylus L. Fl. Zeyl. 58 (1747); Diss. Dass. 14 (1747); Am. Acad. i. 398 (1749).无患子科倒地铃属 Cardiospermum L. Syst. ed. I. (1735).无患子科 Cupania L. Gen. ed. I. 339 (1737).无患子科韶子属 Nephelium L.无患子科 Paullinia L.无患子科无患子属 Sapindus L.山榄科金叶树属 Chrysophyllum L. Gen. ed. f. 361 (1737).山榄科 Mimusops L.山榄科 Sideroxylon L.三白草科三白草属 Saururus L.虎耳草科金腰属 Chrysosplenium L. Syst. i. (1735).虎耳草科 Heuchera L.虎耳草科唢呐草属 Mitella L.虎耳草科虎耳草属 Saxifraga L.虎耳草科黄水枝属 Tiarella L.芝菜科冰沼草属 Scheuchzeria L.玄参科野菰属 Aeginetia L. in Anal. Cienc. Nat. iii. (1801) 129玄参科野菰属 Aeginetia L. Syst. ed. I. (1735).玄参科 Antirrhinum L. Syst. ed. I (1735).玄参科 Bartsia L. Hort. Cliff. 325 (1737).玄参科黑草属 Buchnera L. Hort. Cliff. 501 (1737).玄参科 Calceolaria L. Iter Hisp. (1758) ex Kuntze Rev. Gen. (1891) 40 玄参科 Calceolaria L. Enum. Meth. Pl., ed. 2, 37 (1763); vide Dandy, Ind. Gen. Vasc. Pl. 1753-74(Regn. Veg. li.) 35 (1967).玄参科 Calceolaria L. Syst. 5 (1748)玄参科 Calceolaria L. Mant. ii. 143 (1771).玄参科 Calceolaria L. It. Hisp. 183 (1758)玄参科 Calceolaria L. in K. Vetensk. Acad. Handl., Stockh. xxxi. 288 (1770).玄参科 Capraria L. Gen. ed. I. 28, 75 (1737).玄参科 Chelone L. Syst. ed. I. (1735).玄参科芯芭属 Cymbaria L. Gen. ed. II. 282 (1742).玄参科毛地黄属 Digitalis L. Syst. ed. I (1735).玄参科野胡麻属 Dodartia L. Syst. ed. I (1735).玄参科 Erinus L. Hort. Cliff. 320 (1737).玄参科小米草属 Euphrasia L. Syst. ed. I (1735).玄参科水八角属 Gratiola L.玄参科 Halleria L.玄参科 Hebenstretia L.玄参科 Hyobanche L.玄参科齿鳞草属 Lathraea L.玄参科水茫草属 Limosella L.玄参科 Manulea L.玄参科山罗花属 Melampyrum L.玄参科沟酸浆属 Mimulus L.玄参科列当属 Orobanche L.玄参科 Paederota L.玄参科马先蒿属 Pedicularis L.玄参科 Phelypaea L.玄参科鼻花属 Rhinanthus L.玄参科 Schwalbea L.玄参科野甘草属 Scoparia L.玄参科玄参属 Scrophularia L.玄参科 Selago L.玄参科 Sibthorpia L.玄参科离药草 Stemodia L.玄参科蝴蝶草属 Torenia L.玄参科 Tozzia L.玄参科毛蕊花属 Verbascum L.玄参科婆婆纳属 Veronica L.苦木科 Quassia L.菝葜科菝葜属 Smilax L.茄科 Atropa L. Gen. ed. I. 49 (1737).茄科 Browallia L. Gen. ed. I. 348 (1737).茄科 Brunfelsia L. Hort. Cliff. 5 (1737) (Brunsfelsia); Gen. ed. I. 332.茄科辣椒属 Capsicum L. Syst. ed. I. (1735).茄科 Cestrum L. Hort. Cliff. 491 (1737); Coroll. Gen. 3 (1737).茄科曼陀罗属 Datura L. Syst. ed. I (1735).茄科天仙子属 Hyoscyamus L.茄科枸杞属 Lycium L.茄科茄参属 Mandragora L.茄科 Nicotiana L.茄科酸浆属 Physalis L.茄科 Schwenckia L.茄科茄属 Solanum L.省沽油科省沽油属 Staphylea L.梧桐科 Ayenia L. It. 199 (1758).梧桐科 Ayenia L. in K. Vet.-Akad. Handl. xvii. 23 (1756); Loefl. It. 199.梧桐科山芝麻属 Helicteres L.梧桐科 Hermannia L.梧桐科鹧鸪麻属 Kleinhovia L.梧桐科马松子属 Melochia L.梧桐科午时花属 Pentapetes L.梧桐科苹婆属 Sterculia L.梧桐科 Theobroma L.梧桐科蛇婆子属 Waltheria L.安息香科安息香属 Styrax L.海人树科海人树属 Suriana L.柽柳科红砂属 Reaumuria L.柽柳科柽柳属 Tamarix L.山茶科山茶属 Camellia L. Syst. ed. I. (1735).山茶科 Stuartia L.沟繁缕科？假繁缕属 Theligonum L.假轮叶科 Jacquinia L.假轮叶科 Theophrasta L.瑞香科 Dais L. Sp. Pl. ed. II. 556 (1762).瑞香科瑞香属 Daphne L. Syst. ed. I (1735).瑞香科 Dirca L. Diss. Chen. 17 (1751); Amoen. Acad. iii. 12 (1756). 瑞香科 Gnidia L.瑞香科 Lachnaea L.瑞香科 Passerina L.瑞香科狼毒属 Stellera L.瑞香科 Struthiola L.椴树科黄麻属 Corchorus L. Syst. ed. I (1735).椴树科扁担杆属 Grewia L.椴树科 Heliocarpus L.椴树科破布叶属 Microcos L.椴树科 Muntingia L.椴树科紫椴属 Tilia L.椴树科刺蒴麻属 Triumfetta L.菱科菱属 Trapa L.延龄草科重楼属 Paris L.延龄草科 Trillium L.旱金莲科旱金莲属 Tropaeolum L.有叶花科 Turnera L.香蒲科黑三棱属 Sparganium L.香蒲科香蒲属 Typha L.榆科朴属 Celtis L. Gen. ed. I. 337 (1737).榆科榆属 Ulmus L.伞形科羊角芹属 Aegopodium L. Syst. ed. I. (1735).伞形科 Aethusa L. Sp. Pl. 256 (1753).伞形科米芹属 Ammi L. Syst. ed. I. (1735); Gen. ed. I. 72 (1737).伞形科莳萝属 Anethum L. Gen. ed. I. 82 (1737)伞形科当归属 Angelica L. Linn. Syst. ed. I (1735).伞形科芹属 Apium L. Syst. ed. I. (1735).伞形科 Arctopus L. Coroll. Gen. 21 (1737); Hort. Cliff. 495 (1737). 伞形科 Artedia L. Gen. ed. I. 71 (1737).伞形科 Astrantia L. Syst. ed. I (1735).伞形科 Athamanta L. Syst. ed. I (1735).伞形科 Bunium L. Gen. ed. I. 72 (1737)伞形科 Bunium L. Syn. Fl. Germ. ed. II. 315 (1843)伞形科柴胡属 Bupleurum L. Syst. ed. I. (1735).伞形科绵果芹属 Cachrys L. Syst ed. I. (1735); Gen. ed. I. 75 (1737). 伞形科葛缕子属 Carum L. Syst. ed. I. (1735).伞形科 Caucalis L. Syst. ed. I. (1735); Gen. ed. I. 71 (1737).伞形科积雪草属 Centella L. Pl. Rar. Afr. 28 (1760); Amoen. Acad. vi. 112 (1764)伞形科细叶芹属 Chaerophyllum L. Syst. ed. I. (1735).伞形科毒芹属 Cicuta L. Gard. Dict. Abridg., ed. 4 (1754); vide Dandy, Ind. Gen. Vasc. Pl. 1753-74(Regn. Veg. li.) 40 (1967), non L.伞形科毒芹属 Cicuta L. Syst. ed. I. (1735).伞形科毒参属 Conium L. Syst. ed. I (1735).伞形科芫荽属 Coriandrum L. Syst ed. I (1735).伞形科 Crithmum L. Syst. ed. I (1735); Gen. ed. I. 74 (1737).伞形科孜然芹属 Cuminum L. Syst. ed. I (1735); Gen. ed. II. 115 (1742).伞形科胡萝卜属 Daucus L. Syst. ed. I (1735).伞形科 Echinophora L. Syst. ed. II. 20 (1740).伞形科刺芹属 Eryngium L. Syst. ed. f. (1735).伞形科阿魏属 Ferula L. Gen. ed. I. 75 (1737).伞形科独活属 Heracleum L.伞形科 Hermas L.伞形科天胡荽属 Hydrocotyle L.伞形科 Imperatoria L.伞形科 Lagoecia L.伞形科 Laserpitium L.伞形科藁本属 Ligusticum L.伞形科水芹属 Oenanthe L.伞形科欧防风属 Pastinaca L.伞形科前胡属 Peucedanum L.伞形科茴芹属 Pimpinella L.伞形科变豆菜属 Sanicula L.伞形科针果芹属 Scandix L.伞形科亮蛇床属 Selinum L.伞形科西风芹属 Seseli L.伞形科 Sison L.伞形科泽芹属 Sium L.伞形科 Smyrnium L.伞形科 Thapsia L.伞形科 Tordylium L.荨麻科 Forsskaolea L. Opobalsam. Decl. 17 (1764); vide Dandy, Ind. Gen. Vasc. P, 1753-74 (Regn. Veg.li.) 49 (1967).荨麻科墙草属 Parietaria L.荨麻科荨麻属 Urtica L.败酱科缬草属 Valeriana L.马鞭草科紫珠属 Callicarpa L. in Act. Soc. Ups. (1741180.马鞭草科大青属 Clerodendrum L. not_stated马鞭草科大青属 Clerodendrum L. Sp. Pl. ii. 637 (1753).马鞭草科 Cornutia L. Gen. ed. I. 366 (1737).马鞭草科假连翘属 Duranta L. Gen. ed. I. 367 (1737).马鞭草科石梓属 Gmelina L.马鞭草科马缨丹属 Lantana L.马鞭草科过江藤属 Lippia L.马鞭草科夜花属 Nyctanthes L.马鞭草科 Petrea L.马鞭草科豆腐柴属 Premna L.马鞭草科马鞭草属 Verbena L.马鞭草科牡荆属 Vitex L.堇菜科堇菜属 Viola L.槲寄生科槲寄生属 Viscum L.葡萄科白粉藤属 Cissus L. Diss. Dass. 6 (1747); Amoen. Acad. i. 389 (1749)葡萄科葡萄属 Vitis L.黄眼草科黄眼草属 Xyris L.角茨藻科角果藻属 Zannichellia L.姜科姜黄属 Curcuma L. Mus. Cliff. 11. n. 4 (1736); Gen. ed. I. 332 (1737).姜科舞花姜属 Globba L.姜科山柰属 Kaempferia L.大叶藻科大叶藻属 Zostera L.蒺藜科 Fagonia L. Gen. ed. I (1735). 蒺藜科 Guaiacum L.蒺藜科白刺属 Nitraria L.蒺藜科骆驼蓬属 Peganum L.蒺藜科蒺藜属 Tribulus L.蒺藜科霸王属 Zygophyllum L.特别声明：1：资料来源于互联网，版权归属原作者2：资料内容属于网络意见，与本账号立场无关3：如有侵权，请告知，立即删除。

决明亚族(Cassiinae)植物的分类及其应用杭夏子;翁殊斐;袁喆【摘要】苏木科决明亚族(Cassi inae)植物应用愈加广泛,然而其分类及拉丁学名却存在不统一的情况.文章在阅读前人文献的基础上,从形态学上分析决明亚族各属之间种的变更,并初步探索其在观赏植物、中药材和牧草业上的分类,明确目前关于决明亚族的归属变更,为该族植物的园林应用、中药材和草业研究提供基础材料.%Cassiinae plants have been demonstrated widely in the world, however, its classification and Latin names had not been uniformed. This paper, on the basis of reading previous literatures, analyzed the movement of the subtribe Cassiinae, and initially explored its classification in landscape plants, Chinese traditional medicinal, and forage grass. It cleared the classification of Cassiinae at present, and provided the basic materials for the research of landscape application, Chinese traditional medicines and forage grass.【期刊名称】《热带农业科学》【年(卷),期】2013(033)001【总页数】5页(P92-95,101)【关键词】苏木科;决明亚族;决明属;山扁豆属;园林植物;中药材;牧草【作者】杭夏子;翁殊斐;袁喆【作者单位】华南农业大学林学院广东广州 510642;华南农业大学林学院广东广州 510642;华南农业大学林学院广东广州 510642【正文语种】中文【中图分类】Q948.2;Q949.751.9植物分类学是植物学中最早出现的一个基础分支学科，其任务是对植物命名和进行分类，并根据各级分类群(门、纲、目、科、属、种)间的亲缘关系以及对其系统发育的了解做出系统排列。

葡萄科Vitaceae具有攀缘体态；茎常为合轴生长，有卷须。

花序多与叶对生；雄蕊与花瓣对生；子房常2室，具中轴胎座。

浆果。

爬山虎Parthenocissus tricuspidata分布：学校电教墙壁学校招待所墙壁槭树科Aceraceae乔木或灌木。

叶对生，常掌状裂。

花辐射对称。

分果，具翅。

鸡爪槭Acer palmatum分布：一二一纪念馆学校大门前草地女生普舍前芸香科Rutaceae有发达的油腺，含芳香油，在叶上表现为透明的小点。

子房上位，花盘发达；外轮雄蕊常和花瓣对生。

叶多为复叶或单身复叶。

花椒Zanthoxylum bungeanum分布：食堂走廊上五加科Araliaceae多为木本、伞形花序、5基数花、子房下位、每室1胚珠、果实通常为浆果。

常春藤Hedara helix L .分布：校报编缉部内电教旁西外培旁鹅掌柴Schefflera octophylla分布：文雅苑前学校招待所旁斑叶鹅掌柴分布：生科小花台明睿楼前文雅苑前学校招待所杜鹃花科Ericaceae木本植物，大多常绿，少数落叶。

叶互生或轮生，不具托叶。

花两性，辐射对称或略微两侧对称，单生或通常组成总状、圆锥状或伞形花序；花冠通常鲜艳合瓣；雄蕊为花冠裂片数的2倍，子房上位或下位。

蒴果、浆果。

杜鹃Rhododendron simsii分布：生科小花台柿树科Ebenaceae灌木或乔木，木材多黑褐色。

单叶全橼，常互生；花单生或成少数花的伞形花序，通常单性，雌雄异株；3基数或更多；萼宿存，钟状或壶状，裂片旋转状排列，花冠裂片旋转状排列，果实为浆果，有1或少数种子，胚乳通常爵烂状。

君迁子Diospyros lotus分布：学校洗澡室门口茄科 Solanaceae直力或蔓生的草本或灌木；具双韧维管束。

单叶全缘，分裂或羽状复叶互生，无托叶；花两性，辐射对称，单生或聚伞花序；花萼宿存；药常孔列；心皮2，2室，多数胚珠，果实为浆果或蒴果。

番茄Lycopersicon esculentum分布：生科行政楼三楼生科侧门珊瑚豆Solanum pseudocapsicum分布：生科行政楼三楼数学学院后马铃薯Solanum tuberosum L.分布：生科行政楼三楼旋花科Convolvulaceae通常蔓生草本，植物体常具乳汁；也互生，单叶，无托叶，花整齐，两性，5基数；萼宿存；旋转折扇状花冠，中轴胎座，直力倒生胚珠，折叠的子叶。