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UNIT 5Law 混合式教学指导手册Unit 5 LawContentsPart 1 Overview of the unitTeaching objectives (1)A suggested teaching plan (2)Part 2 A detailed teaching guideDiscussion point (3)Academic exploration 1 (4)Reading 1 (4)Developing cultural awareness (13)Academic exploration 2 (16)Reading 2 (16)Critical thinking (25)Academic writing (27)Translation of the texts (34)Unit 5 LawPart 1 Overview of the unit Teaching objectivesUpon completion of this unit, T is expected to enable Ss to:OBJECTIVES•understand the difference and connection between ethics and law; think about how you decide what is right and wrong•understand what could be possibly recognized as unethical behavior in the workplace; think about how to prevent unethical behavior•understand the key features of China’s Civil Code and think about how it will influence your daily life Knowledge & thinkingReading skill•practice scanning a text•practice reading for summarizing Critical thinking skill•evaluate an appeal to authority Academic writing skill•write for-and-against essays Language development•use specialized vocabulary: legal terms •use unreal conditionals in the past Language &skillsdeliver a speech about China’s Civil Code to the class Mini-project write a for-and-against essay on speaking out about unethical colleagues Writing taskA suggested teaching planPeriods 1 & 2 Ss’ online study Ss are expected to complete the following activities on Ucampus:1Watch the mini-lecture of Unit orientation.2Think about the questions in Discussion point.3Read the text in Academic exploration 1 and finish the tasks in Reading & understanding.4Watch the mini-lecture of Getting the skill (AE1) (Scanning a text).5Watch the video in Developing cultural awareness (AE1) (Understanding China’s Civil Code).6Read the text in Academic exploration 2 and finish the tasks in Reading & understanding.7Watch the mini-lecture of Getting the skill (AE2) (Reading for summarizing).8Watch the mini-lecture of Critical thinking (AE2) (Evaluating an appeal to authority).Periods 3 & 4 Classroom teaching Discussion point & Academic exploration 1Introduce the topic of the unit (Law and ethics) by dealing with Discussionpoint.10 mins Check Ss’ understanding of the text; deal with Interpreting the text andThinking critically. 20 mins Check Ss’ online study of Getting the skill (Scanning a text) by asking Ss to dothe tasks. 10 mins Deal with DCA (Understanding China’s Civil Code) and assign Ss to do themini-project. 15 mins Academic exploration 2Check Ss’ understanding of the text; deal with Interpreting the text andThinking critically. 20 mins Check Ss’ online study of Getting the skill (Reading for summarizing) byasking Ss to do the tasks. 10 mins Make text analysis of the two texts. 5 minsPeriods 5 & 6 Classroom teaching Critical thinking, DCA mini-project & Academic writingCheck Ss’ online study of Critical thinking (Evaluating an appeal to authority)by asking Ss to do the tasks.25 mins Invite Ss to present their mini-projects to the class and make comments. 30 mins Deal with Academic writing and ask Ss to finish the tasks. 25 mins Wrap up the unit; assign Ss to finish the Writing task and do Review & checkon Ucampus; assign Ss to do online study of Unit 6. 10 minsNote to teachers: If you wish to extend this unit from six periods to eight periods, you could spend more in-class time on dealing with Reading 1 & 2, DCA mini-project and extension activities. If your class is not suitable for finishing both texts in the limited periods, you could also choose to focus on one text only.Part 2 A detailed teaching guideDiscussion pointTeaching suggestions1Write the word “Law” on the board and ask Ss what they think of when they see the word. Does it have positive or negative connotations for them? Brainstorm some other words and collocations connected with law – lawyer, to uphold the law, to obey the law, the law of the land, legal, lawful, lawfully, etc.2Ask Ss to read the Right or wrong? infographic and discuss the questions listed below in small groups for around five minutes.3Open the discussion to the whole class and ask volunteers to share their views. Offer feedback to the Ss’ responses.4Introduce the general topic of the unit. Let Ss know that they are going to have some insights into the differences between law and ethics, and the unethical behavior at work by reading the texts of the unit.Reference answers1I think lying to hide one’s mistakes is the most worrying because lying itself is a serious issue. What’s more, the reason for lying is to hide one’s mistakes. It indicates that they are not able to shoulder their responsibility properly and there might be serious consequences.I think not doing one’s job to a high standard is the least worrying because there might be many reasons. Forexample, he or she is not competent enough to do the job to a high standard.2I think lying on the résumé should be punished. The punishment may be losing the job, because he or she has got the job based on a lie, and lying is not acceptable in the workplace.3When someone blames other people for work going wrong, I think it’s the responsibility of their boss to decide what is right and wrong, because their boss is the person in charge and should find out the truth.4No, we do not always agree with each other. For example, I think getting a job because of family connections is not acceptable, while some of my friends believe it is understandable. I think it is because we have different views on what is right and wrong.Extension activitySome of the behaviors in the infographic have names –plagiarism, bribery, sexual discrimination. Ensure Ss understand the definitions of these words and see if they can match the names with the given behaviors. Encourage Ss to use a dictionary to find the meanings of these new words and listen to the pronunciation.Academic exploration 1Reading 1Teaching suggestions1Introduce the topic of the text by asking Ss to do a translation task for phrases generated from the text (e.g., legal institutes, written rules and regulations, keep the social order, maintain peace and justice, enforce a punishment, ethical principles, ethical codes, break the laws, legal obligations, etc.).2Focus on the title of the text and ask Ss how the title correlates to the central topic or how well the title reflects the thesis of the text.3Ask Ss to do a global reading and practice the skill of skimming. Ss will be given a very short time to skim the text to identify the main idea of each paragraph. Ss can refer to their answers of matching topic sentences in Skimming the text on Ucampus. Invite volunteers to share their answers to the class. Offer feedback and remind Ss to pay specific attention to finding the topic sentence when skimming for the main idea of a paragraph.(Reference:Para. 1 Many societies rely upon laws and ethics to judge right and wrong.Para. 2 The definition of law.Para. 3 The definition of ethics.Para. 4 Many legal things could be considered as unethical behavior while the perception of unethical behavior might vary from person to person.Para. 5 When unethical behavior affects a wider society, controversies arise.Para. 6 When unethical behavior affects many people, there is often a debate as to whether the law should be changed.Para. 7 Law and ethics are different, but the fine line between the two could be transcended when the wider society feels necessary to do so.)4Check how well Ss could utilize the reading skill of scanning by1) asking them to finish the corresponding tasks of Getting the skill (Scanning a text) ;2) asking volunteers to share their answers as well as the difficulties they have encountered when doing thescanning tasks. Restate tips to follow when they scan a text (if necessary).5Check whether Ss understand the text well by asking questions in Interpreting the text. Offer analysis of the text after Ss answer the questions.6Ask Ss to discuss in groups the questions in Sharing your opinions and Making connections, and invite volunteers to express their views. Develop further understanding with concept check questions. (e.g., How do people find out about what is and isn’t legal in their country?Reference:Referring to applicable laws or consulting relevant legal institutions where necessary.)If time permits, deal with the Extension activity.7Ask Ss to discuss in groups the topic in Showing inspirations. Encourage them to use expressions or sentencepatterns they have learned from the text and exercises when expressing themselves. 主题陈述8Wrap up the text by doing text analysis. (T may refer to Text analysis.)Extension activityRefer Ss to the last paragraph. Ask them to find examples or instances where unethical behavior is affecting the lives of many people. What laws could be written to alleviate the problem? Ss can share their answers and ideas in the next class or on the class blog of Ucampus.Text analysisThe overall text structureThe text discusses the differences between law and ethics with a three-part structure containing introduction, body and conclusion. In the very first paragraph (the introductory paragraph), the author makes it clear the scope of the text in a straightforward way. The body part includes Paras. 2-6. The author provides the definition of law and ethics respectively in Para. 2 and Para. 3. According to the author, the key differences between the two lie in the facts that 1) laws are formally written while ethics is not; 2) laws are enforced and maintained by powers, while ethics is not; 3) laws are regional, national, or even international while ethics is more of an individual concept. The author in Para. 4 compares “contract” and “promises” to further illustrate the differences between law and ethics. In Para. 5 and Para. 6, the author points out that unethical behavior would cause controversies when it affects the wider society. The last paragraph serves as a concluding paragraph. Apart from restating the thesis that law and ethics are different, the author notes that sometimes the fine line between the two can be transcended when the wider society feels the laws should change.The structure of the paragraphsAlmost every paragraph of the text is developed around a controlling idea, with the topic sentence appearing at the very start of the paragraph and supporting details following thereafter. Such a structure helps Ss to keep the main points in mind. Remind Ss to pay attention to the structure of the paragraphs and see how the author develops his or her arguments within each paragraph.Language styleIn writing the text, the author principally relies upon proper definitions, credible information, and meticulous explanations to support a focused and logical discussion of a central topic. In illustrating the differences between law and ethics, the author uses several legal terms or expressions (e.g., tax evasion, tax avoidance, prison sentence, arrest, legal obligation) which might be new to some Ss. Encourage Ss to memorize the legal terms or expressions and use them where necessary.Language pointsNew words and expressionsethicaladj.1 relating to principles of what is right and wrong关于伦理的The technology lets scientists study early embryos thoroughly for the first time, opening doors thatcome with several ethical questions.该项技术首次让科学家可以仔细研究早期胚胎，但同时引发了一些伦理问题。
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2 / 122ii目录1入门.......................................................1-1目标........................................................1-1概述........................................................1-1本书中的印刷约定.............................................1-2示例........................................................1-3启动M i n i t a b.................................................1-3打开工作表...................................................1-4接下来的内容.................................................1-62用图形表示数据..............................................2-1目标........................................................2-1概述........................................................2-1管理数据....................................................2-2检验两个变量间的关系..........................................2-8使用图形布局和打印...........................................2-11保存项目...................................................2-13接下来的内容................................................2-143分析数据...................................................3-1目标........................................................3-1概述........................................................3-1显示描述性统计量.............................................3-2执行方差分析.................................................3-4使用M i n i t a b的P ro j e c t M a n a g e r..................................3-8接下来的内容................................................3-114评估质量...................................................4-1目标........................................................4-1概述........................................................4-1评估过程稳定性...............................................4-2评估过程能力.................................................4-8接下来的内容................................................4-103 / 122iii5设计实验...................................................5-1目标.......................................................5-1概述.......................................................5-1创建试验设计................................................5-2查看设计....................................................5-5输入数据....................................................5-5分析设计....................................................5-6得出结论....................................................5-9接下来的内容...............................................5-126使用会话命令...............................................6-1目标.......................................................6-1概述.......................................................6-1启用并键入命令..............................................6-2重新运行一系列命令...........................................6-5用E x e c s重复进行分析.........................................6-6接下来的内容................................................6-87生成报表...................................................7-1目标.......................................................7-1概述.......................................................7-1使用R e p or t P a d...............................................7-2保存报表....................................................7-6将报表复制到字处理器.........................................7-6使用嵌入式图形编辑工具........................................7-7将输出发送到M i c ro s o f t P o w e r P o i n t...............................7-9接下来的内容...............................................7-118准备工作表.................................................8-1目标.......................................................8-1概述.......................................................8-1从不同的数据源获取数据........................................8-2准备工作表进行分析...........................................8-4接下来的内容...............................................8-114 / 122i v9自定义M i n i t a b..............................................9-1目标........................................................9-1概述........................................................9-1设置选项....................................................9-2创建自定义工具栏.............................................9-3指定快捷键...................................................9-5恢复M i n i t a b的默认设置........................................9-6接下来的内容.................................................9-710获取帮助.................................................10-1目标.......................................................10-1概述.......................................................10-1获取解答和信息..............................................10-2M i n i t a b帮助概述.............................................10-4帮助.......................................................10-6S t a t G u id e...................................................10-8会话命令帮助..............................................10-10接下来的内容...............................................10-1111参考.....................................................11-1目标.......................................................11-1概述.......................................................11-1M i n i t a b环境................................................11-2M i n i t a b数据................................................11-5索引.........................................................I-15 / 122v6 / 122 v i1入门目标在本章中，您将：■了解如何使用M ee t M i n i t ab，第1-1页■启动M i n i t a b，第1-3页■打开并检查工作表，第1-4页概述M ee t M i n i t ab介绍了M i n i t a b中最常用的功能。
Mini project: Car Description of major parts1engine:Combustion chamber:the area between the cylinder cover and the top of piston. Where the kindle occurs. Connecting rod:rod connect the crankshaft and the piston.Crankshaft:the main rotator in the engine. Crankcase:the space in the bottom of the engine for the rotating of the crankshaft.Main gearing:the bearing support the crankshaft. Cylinder block:the parts assemble almost all the element.Cylinder cover:the head of the engine and all the air gaps.Gasket:the tablet sealing the gap.Dip-stick:a metal strip measuring the hight of the surface of machine oil.Oil-filter:a facility collecting the dirts when the oil is passing.Air-filter:a facility collecting the air and purify it.Fan belt:a belt run through the crankshaft and drive the fan and the water pump.Radiator:cooler consisting of a series of pipes for circulating water or coolant. Some series are using air cooling.pressure cap:the cover of the pressure water tank. Piston:plunging&thrusting motional device.Piston ring:seal consisting of a split metal ring that seals the gap between a piston and the cylinder wall.Piston pin:pin joining a piston to a connecting rod. Thermostat:a regulator for automatically regulating temperature by starting or stopping the supply of heat. Heat-control valve:a valve for temp saving.when the temp is not enough to start up the engine, the valve put the waste gas into the intake manifold.Valve:the controller of input/output the air, which posit in symphyses of intake pipe and combustor.Valve clearance:for the OHC engine, the clearance between the rocker and the valve lifter. Supercharger:in the air intake system, the pump add pressure on the mixture of air and fuel.T urbocharger:one type of charger use the waste gas to drive.Waste gate:the controller of the turbo which prevent the raising of the level of the waste gas intake is too high. Water jackets:the space between the cylinder block and the cylinder cover. Where the coolant circulate inside. Water pump:pump the water circulation between the water jacket and the tank.Electrical fuel pump:pump more fuel than the content of fuel distributor to provide a pressure.2 drive line system:Clutch system:trans the power from the engine and trans the brakeFlywheel:which is assembled by the crankshaft, made of heavy corona, trans the turning force in the explosion stroke.Cable-operated control:special wire cable connect the footstep and the span.Gear lubricant:a kinda engine oil in the gear. Mainly brand:SAE90Gearbox:a device change the trans ratio between the crankshaft and the trans-shaft.Gearshift:a joystick change the tap position in the gear box.Manual(or auto) trans:cope the clutch and change the torsion upon the speed.Paddle shift:a new type of transmission beside the manual and auto. It’s more like auto cuz the trans is not swift. The tech is firstly used on the vehicles of F1. Easy for the driver to control as the corresponding to the human respond and operation.Speedometer drive:instrument show the turnover number of the axel.Synchro-mesh type transmission(or planetary gear system):the former one is the friction cone of 2 gears assimilate the rotation; the latter one is controlled by hydraulic pressure and select the reduction ratio. Overdrive:a device drive the exhaust rotating speed over the engine which is to drop down the cost of fuel and noise. Also called O/D. The fifth tap position. Differential:a device trans different speed to the rear left and right wheels in order to turn the corner.Universal(or slip) joint:the former one is a joint which is able to trans motion under any angle condition; theformer one is albe to move in a small distance when rotation.Drive shaft:a circle shaft trans rotation and motion. Axel shaft:in the FWD, the shaft trans the rotation and differ the speed of the front left and right wheel.3 wheel rim& tire:Tire treads:the parts contact with the ground. Lots of pattern inside.Tire tube:the internal of the tire fill with air and support the shape of the tire.Tire size:D is light;F is middle;G is general;H L J is high-performanceAl-rim:light;good thermal conductivity;average strength distribution;not easy for deformation.4 steering equipment:Steering wheel: the wheel control the direction by the driver.Linkages:link the front wheel steering knuckle and the steering gear. Flow when the steering wheel turns. Gear:floorboard of the gear under the shaft and steering arm.Power booster:in the power steering, the booster helpthe driver with large kinetic.5 suspension:Vibration damper:a device connect with theshock-leading crankshaft. Used to resist the vibration of the crankshaft rotation.Chassis:the main structure of the suspension.Leaf spring:a spring stack up some different sized steel which shaped oblate rectangle.Coil spring:a kinda spring used in the independent suspension.T orsion-bar spring:a spring connect with the frame and the wheel. Which absorb vibration through the torsion. Stabilizer bar:the device between the frame and the control arm, decrease the motion&vibration of the suspension especially when steering.Shock absorber:an absorber cope with spring to absorb the vibration from the wheel.Auto-level control:controller deal with the addition of the weight in rear car body.(such as to drop down the front lamp under that circumstance)6 breaking system:Service brake system:which is also called foot brake.Parking brake system:brake by manual. With 5 degree. Master&wheel cylinder:pump the oil to every cylinder. Power brake:auxiliary brake with vacuum and booster. Brake lining:friction material inside the shoes.Brake shoes:push the drum or the disc to brake down. Drum(or disc) brakes:cope with the brake shoes which is durable.Brake fluid:the oil pumped out by the cylinder.7 fuel tank:Fuel indicator:the assembly of the instrument showing oil level and the instrument measuring the oil amount. Oil pressure gauge:instrument measuring the oil pressure in the tank.Oil pump:the pump push the oil to engine.Oil pan:under the engine, the space collecting oil.8 trunk:Spare wheel:wheel which of different flatness ratio and the diameter than the normal one.Extinguisher:the small extinguisher is used to outfire. Warning board:a red triangle board in the trunk, used for the involuntary stoppage.9 body:Seats:the place for seating and protection.Seat-belt:normally of one belt in one seat to protect the driver and passengers in order to crack the impact parts. GT have two belts for each seat.Housing:the out frame of the vehicle.Aircondition:the instrument give a suitable temp for internal space.Compressor:the device in the aircondition press the cool air.Condenser:device trans heat of the pipe to the outside, which located in front of the water tank. Dehydrator:stock the refrigerant and pure the water out, which located between the condenser and the volatilizer. Refrigerant:a material trans heat through evaporation and coagulation. Usually called Freon.Alternator:transform the mechanical energy to the electrical energy.Regulator:control the volt exhaust from the AC in order the voltage is too high.Battery:the device stock the electrical energy.Coil:transform the 12 V to high voltage to ignite the spark.Distributor:trans the high voltage to every spark plug. Ignition switch:key ignite the ignition coil.Rotor:one element in the distributor trans high voltage to spark plug.Spark plug:the element ignite the fuel and the gas inside the combustor.Door:cover inlet the driver and the passengers. Window:cover the vacancy in the door which is unidirectional transparent.T rim cover&strip:the strip on the top of vehicle and beside the window which is mainly used to cover the sunlight and rain.Lettering:the brand on the surface of vehicle. Bumper:the extended protection of the front and rear frame.Instrument board:the board contain the speedo and other instruments.Curtain&carpet:decorative parts of vehicle.leather interior:decorative parts in luxury cars.Air bag:protective and explosive bag which can be fulfilled with air.10 electric system:Starting motor:e-motor rock the rod to start the engine. Solenoid switch:a small control device start the engine by solenoid coil.Halogen lamp:the normal searchlight of vehicle.Glass lifter:electrical device lift&drop the window. LED lamp:mainly used to decorate, some large superpower lamps are able to replace the halogen lamps.11 additional component:Lock:the device inside the door.Hinge:device connect the door and the frame, which is of different DOF in different vehicles.Sealing element:the rubber ring seal the door. windshield wiper&washer:the wash device clean the window.Rear view mirror:mirror which is able to check the rear outside.Handle:the element inside the door for touch and open. Depository dish:the dish for deposit.GPS:a device for monitoring the position of vehicle by orbiter’s signal.ESP:a composite system maintain the best stability which can auto drive in sometime.KERS:a kinda energy recycling system which can automatically collect the brake energy and the mechanical energy to electrical energy. Which is functioned like Nitro booster, the acceleration is significant, the tech is firstly applied by F1 and now we can see on the GT.Radio&antenna:a signal receive element.Spoiler:a plate used to load overdraft on vehicle in the case of fast driving.Description of materials of car body& major processes1 hot-rolled sheet steel: rolled with the temperature above 800 ℃thickness 1.6-8mm, in the rolling, the low carbon steel added defined amount microelement. So the strength of extension is higher 420N/mm2.(2-3 times than normal low carbon). Good deep drawing capability. Main processes: Hot-rolled pickling platevolumes>uncoil>crop>welding>entry looper>annealing furnace>hot galvanizing>cooling>thickness measuring of zinc layer>w ithdrawalstraightening>passivation>check>electrostatic oiling>batching.2 cold-rolled sheet steel: rolled with room temp. Thickness 0.4-1.4mm. High accuracy, high quality of surface, low roughness. Better mechanical property than hot-rolled. But with strong internal stress. Easy to get corrosion(no oxide layer).There’re 4 main types of cold-rolled sheet steel:High strength low alloy phosphorized steel, which strengthened with a higher point of 15%-20%. Low elongation and strain hardening exponent dropping with the raising of strength. This kinda steel is mainly used in longitudinal beam; sill plate; bumper; door pillar.Bake hardening sheet steel, after stamping, drawing deformation, baking finish. The yield strength is higher. Which is the thinnest one of the 4. The nickname of this kinda sheet steel is BH steel. Mainly used in planking.Cold rolled dual phase sheet steel, the character of it iscan be continuously yielded. Low yield ratio, high work hardening, high strength&ductility. Mainly used for door; cross beam in roof; stiffener of bumper.Low carbon high strength cold rolled sheetsteel,(C=<0.005%) with Ti or Nb to provide the deep drawability. Add P to raise strength level. Mainly used for B-pillar.3 Aluminum alloy: low density. High strength, corrosion resisting. With a temp of 700 ℃to 750 ℃. Some high strength Al-alloy added Mg,Mn,W,Si... Critical deformation rate is 5-15%. Normally ,in addition to get rid of coarse-grain the critical deformation model is required to be above 15%. Mainly used for engine cylinder; piston; air intake branch; cylinder cover; gearbox housing; framework; body; seat support; wheel...4 Mg & Ti alloy: the purify of Mg is to decrease of nonmetal. Under the temp of 200 ℃. The purify and the casting are under no oxygen. Mainly used for door;baffle; instrument panel; steering wheel... Ti is more strengthen than iron steel. But just half of the weight. Like the low carbon steel, rolling of Ti is the same. The shaping of Ti is through indirect extrusion.5 composite board: the board inside is alveolated. The material of panel can be glass fiber reinforced plastic; Al; plastic; steel... Mainly used for planking; door; bracket; seat support...6 engineering plastic: engineering plastic has better mechanical&electrical behavior; chemical resistance; heat resistance; abrasive resistance. The material of it are PVC and PU. Mainly used for foam; pad; cushioning material...7 high strength fiber composition: it’s kinda heterogeneous material.Glass fiber can be used to cover, which is reinforced by colemanite; treating compound; adhesive... After composition, the process are: melt infurnace>wiredrawing&bushing>drying>packaging>brea d twist>warping>sizing.Carbon fiber is one fifth weight of steel but ten times high strength. The material of it is PAN; pitch; viscose...manufactured by pre-oxidation; carbonization; graphitization. The carbon fiber on the vehicle got tobe dried with high pressure to be stubborn.8 ceramics: with special mechanical performance and fever, light, electrical performance. Mainly used for exhaust pipe; turbo rotor; ball bearing... The material of ceramics are clay; feldspar; quartz. Process: crushing or grinding the raw into particles; mixing’em with additions to impart characteristics; shaping,drying(RTM drying time can be reduced to 2min),firing; finish.Description of engine and major processesThe requirements of engine:1 dynamic property: The rated power and the max torsion are the parameter of judging the property.2 fuel economy: fuel economy must be cooperated with driving line system, to be suited to normal driving.3 emission pollution: the harmful pollution got tobedropped down. Some tech like electric control fuel injection; TWC; EGR are fastly developed4 noising: the engine is the noise maker of the car. The lower shaking can contribute to the lower noising.5 miniaturization&weigh reduction: more Al are used to decrease the size the weigh.6 reliability&durability: which is the most concerned by clients7 convenience usage: good starting performance; install; service.Main parameter of engine:1 P emax & n pP emax = 1/n T (m a gf*u amax/3600+C D A*u3amax/76140)n T is the efficient of driving ;g=9.8m/s2; f is RR factor ;C D is the air drag factor ; u amax is the max speed ; A is projected area.n p is between 3000-7000 r/min for gasoline engine2 T emax & n TT emax = αT p = 9549α* P emax / n pαis the adaptive coefficient(1.1-1.3) ; Tp is the max power torsion ; Pemax is the max power ; np is the maxpower rotating speedn p is almost the same with n T np/ nT is 1.4-2.0Main types of engine:1 classification by fuel:(1)Diesel engine: low fuel consumption; high compression ratio; less trouble as no electronic ignition system; wide noise; not environment protective.(2)Gasoline engine: low vibration; low noise; high fuel consumption.(3)CNG&LNG&LPG: decompress the natural gas and directly trans to internal-combustion engine. It’s more environmental than fuel costing engine.(4)HEV: which refer to 2 or more power used by engine.2 classification by arrangement of cylinder:(1)in-line arrangement: simple composition; easy fixing; low cost of construction; reliable working state; small width for arranging.(2)Horizontally-opposed: limited hight; good balance.(3)V-type: small hight&length; high stiffness ofcrank&crank case; large power.3 classification by colling style:(1)Air cooling: simple composition; easy fixing; good tolerance for different environment; low durability; high cost of construction; high fuel cost.(2)Water cooling: high durability; good dissipation; low deformation in cylinder; low thermal load on cover and piston; not noisy.4 classification by air intake way:(1)Supercharged engine: enlarge the power without large size or weight; turbo, mechanical, wave supercharging are 3 types of supercharging facilities.(2)Naturally aspirated: which is mostly applied on vehicles, low destructive effect on engine.Processes on manufacturing engine:1 Camshaft machining: conventional processes are copying lathe and hydraulic copying CAM milling machine. The latter one has better accuracy than the former one. With CBN, the milling could be more accurate. (materials for camshaft: carbon steel; structural alloy steel...)2 Connecting rod machining: the most significant problem on machining rod is to cut down the weight and the thickness. So only CAD/CAM can provide goodaccuracy on machining the model. Conventional heat treatment is modulation. And now forging residual heat quenching is more applied. The strengthen method is shot blasting. Boring the small hole>then the large hole will be bored and chamfering>Cut apart the rod and lid> Semi-fine boring>fine boring. (materials for rod: medium carbon steel; non rolled high strength steel...)3 cylinder body machining: milling with diamond on large surface(Al). The other casting parts can be machined by CBN and other material cutting. Rough boring>semi-fine boring>fine boring>grinding.(materials for cylinder body: gray cast iron; Al-alloy...)4 cylinder cover machining: fine bore the cam hole. The dynamics of fastening is accurately controlled. Process on assembly:There are 5 systems and 2 organizations in the engine.1 crank-link mechanism: this’s the place where the engine emerge power. The reciprocating motion of piston trans into the rotation of the crankshaft.2 valve mechanism: this’s the place input the air and output the waste gas.3 fuel providing system: this’s the place add thecombustible mixture into the cylinder and adjust the power and rotating speed by the control of the amount of fuel.4 cooling system: the circulation of coolant will get the heat to the outside to drop down the temp.5 lubricating system: the system provide the lubricating oil to anywhere the friction inside.6 ignition system: ignite the mixtion of fuel and air by time.7 starting system: start the static engine and keep it rotating automatically.Steps: Cylinder jacket assembly>crankshaft&flywheel assembly>piston rod assembly>spare parts of valve set assembly>camshaft assembly>cylinder cover&rocker assembly>distribution of timing&phase>toothed belt assembly>cylinder head cover assembly>valve lash checking&adjusting>front V beltassembly&adjusting>oil pump&oil panassembly>intake&exhaust pipe addition.。
外研社新职业英语第二版职业综合英语1 Unit3教案4授课时间班周星期第节班周星期第节班周星期第节课次15 学时数 2授课形式（请打√）纯理论□纯实践□理实一体化□习题课□其他□授课题目Unit3 Business Meals. Mini-project & Language Lab教学目的Ss learn how to arrange table setting for a Western dinnerRevision for Unit 3.教学重点 1. How to arrange table setting for a Western dinner2. Checking exercises in language lab教学难点 1. How to arrange table setting for a Western dinner2. Translation exercises in Task 5使用的教具/多媒体/仪器/仪表/设备等Textbook; PPT教学方法Analyzing; Group work参考资料English for Careers (Book1)教学基本内容及设计Unit 1.Mini-project & Language LabI.Mini-project (30’)Ss search online for the rules of table setting for a Western dinner and give illustration in class.II. Language Lab(60’)Task 1 Match the words or phrases on the left with their meanings on the right.Task 2 Complete the following sentences with the words or phrases from Task 1. Change the form if necessary.Task 3 Rewrite each of the following sentences with the words or phrases given in the brackets. Change the form if necessary.Task 4 Rewrite the following sentences after the models.Task 5 Translate the following into English using the given words or phrases.1. It pays a lot to be careful in work.2. I have just enough money to see me through a year in the US.3. It turned out that he had never worked in that company.4. It’s bad manners to stare at people.5. It’s too noisy outside for me to concentrate on my work.6. The Board of Directors selected him to be the General Manager of the company.7. Roast chicken is my favorite dish in this Thai restaurant.8. We had ice cream for dessert after the main course.课后作业/思考题Review Unit 3 Preview Unit 5教学后记说明：1.课程教案应按授课次数编写；重复班授课不再另行编写教案。
CY8CKIT-005Kit Guide Doc. # 002-19782 Rev. *BCypress Semiconductor198 Champion Court San Jose, CA 95134-1709CopyrightsCopyrights© Cypress Semiconductor Corporation, 2018-2019. This document is the property of Cypress Semiconductor Corporation and its subsidiaries ("Cypress"). This document, including any software or firmware included or referenced in this document ("Software"), is owned by Cypress under the intellectual property laws and treaties of the United States and other countries worldwide. Cypress reserves all rights under such laws and treaties and does not, except as specifically stated in this para-graph, grant any license under its patents, copyrights, trademarks, or other intellectual property rights. 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Cypress disclaims any liability relating to any Security Breach, and you shall and hereby do release Cypress from any claim, damage, or other liability arising from any Security Breach. In addition, the products described in these mate-rials may contain design defects or errors known as errata which may cause the product to deviate from published specifica-tions. To the extent permitted by applicable law, Cypress reserves the right to make changes to this document without further notice. Cypress does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit described in this document. Any information provided in this document, including any sample design information or programming code, is pro-vided only for reference purposes. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to properly design, program, and test the functionality and safety of any application made of this information and any resulting product. "High-Risk Device" means any device or system whose failure could cause personal injury, death, or property damage. Examples of High-Risk Devices are weapons, nuclear installations, surgical implants, and other medical devices. "Critical Component" means any component of a High-Risk Device whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause, directly or indirectly, the failure of the High-Risk Device, or to affect its safety or effectiveness. Cypress is not liable, in whole or in part, and you shall and hereby do release Cypress from any claim, damage, or other liability arising from any use of a Cypress product as a Critical Component in a High-Risk Device. You shall indemnify and hold Cypress, its directors, officers, employees, agents, affiliates, distributors, and assigns harmless from and against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, arising out of any claim, including claims for product liability, personal injury or death, or property damage arising from any use of a Cypress product as a Critical Com-ponent in a High-Risk Device. Cypress products are not intended or authorized for use as a Critical Component in any High-Risk Device except to the limited extent that (i) Cypress's published data sheet for the product explicitly states Cypress has qualified the product for use in a specific High-Risk Device, or (ii) Cypress has given you advance written authorization to use the product as a Critical Component in the specific High-Risk Device and you have signed a separate indemnification agree-ment.Cypress, the Cypress logo, Spansion, the Spansion logo, and combinations thereof, WICED, PSoC, CapSense, EZ-USB, F-RAM, and Traveo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Cypress in the United States and other countries. For a more complete list of Cypress trademarks, visit . Other names and brands may be claimed as property of their respec-tive owners.Safety Information 41.Introduction51.1Kit Contents (5)1.2Programming and Debugging (5)1.3Bridging (5)1.4Documentation Conventions (6)2.Installing MiniProg472.1MiniProg4 (7)2.2MiniProg4 Installation (8)2.3MiniProg4 LEDs (10)2.4MiniProg4 Buttons (11)3.Technical Description123.1Interfaces (13)3.1.1SWD (13)3.1.2I2C (13)3.1.3SPI (13)3.1.4UART with and without Flow Control (13)3.1.5Reference (13)3.2Connectors (14)3.2.15-Pin Connector (14)3.2.210-Pin Connector (14)3.2.36x2 Connector (15)3.3Power (16)A.Appendix17A.1Regulatory Compliance Information (17)Revision History 18Safety InformationThe CY8CKIT-005 MiniProg4 Program and Debug Kit is intended for use as a development platform for hardware or software in a laboratory environment. In a domestic environment, this product may cause radio interference. In such cases, you may be required to take adequate preventive measures. In addition, this board should not be used near any medical equipment or RF devices.Attaching additional wiring to this product or modifying the product operation from the factory default may affect its performance and cause interference with other apparatus in the immediate vicinity. If such interference is detected, suitable mitigating measures should be taken.The CY8CKIT-005 MiniProg4 Program and Debug Kit, as shipped from the factory, has been verified to meet with the requirements of CE as a Class A product.General Safety InstructionsESD ProtectionESD can damage boards and associated components. Cypress recommends that you work on the board at an ESD workstation, if available. Otherwise, use appropriate ESD protection, such as anantistatic wrist strap attached to a ground, when handling parts.The CY8CKIT-005 MiniProg4 Program and Debug Kits are sensitive toelectrostatic discharge (ESD). Electrostatic charges accumulate on thehuman body and on other equipment. Devices that are subjected to high-energy discharges can suffer permanent damage. Proper ESDprecautions are recommended to prevent loss of functionality. Storeunused CY8CKIT-005 MiniProg4 Program and Debug Kits in theprotective shipping package.End-of-Life/Product RecyclingThe end-of life for this kit is five years from the date of manufacture mentioned as barcode on the back of the box. Contact your nearest recycler for discarding the kit.1IntroductionThe MiniProg4 Program and Debug Kit is an all-in-one programmer and debugger for PSoC 4,PSoC5LP, and PSoC 6 MCU devices. MiniProg4 also provides USB-I2C, USB-SPI and USB-UARTbridging functionality. The MiniProg4 provides a special feature enabling users to write their owncustom firmware through the custom application mode.Figure 1-1. MiniProg41.1Kit ContentsThe CY8CKIT-005 PSoC® MiniProg4 Program and Debug Kit includes:■MiniProg4 programmer/debugger■10-pin ribbon cable■USB Type-A to Type-C Cable■Quick Start Guide1.2Programming and DebuggingThe MiniProg4 programmer/debugger provides the flexibility to work with SWD programming anddebugging interfaces. MiniProg4 supports 32-bit Arm® Cortex®-M0/M0+/M3/M4 PSoC devices.The MiniProg4 debugger is supported by the software tools PSoC Creator, ModusToolbox™,Cypress Programmer, and PSoC Programmer.1.3BridgingMiniProg4 supports USB-I2C, USB-UART and USB-SPI as standard bridging protocols for anydevice. The MiniProg4 bridging capabilities are used by PSoC Creator, ModusToolbox, CypressProgrammer, PSoC Programmer, Bridge Control Panel, and other applications. Tuning softwaretools such as the CapSense Tuner provided by Cypress also use these capabilities.Introduction1.4Documentation ConventionsTable 1-1. Document Conventions for User GuidesConvention UsageCourier New Displays file locations, user-entered text, and source code: C:\...cd\icc\Italics Displays file names and reference documentation:Read about the sourcefile.hex file in the PSoC Designer User Guide.[Bracketed, Bold]Displays keyboard commands in procedures: [Enter] or [Ctrl] [C]File > Open Represents menu paths: File > Open > New ProjectBold Displays commands, menu paths, and icon names in procedures: Click the File menu, and then click Open.Times New Roman Displays an equation: 2 + 2 = 4Text in gray boxes Describes cautions or unique functionality of the product.2.Installing MiniProg4This chapter shows how to install MiniProg4 and its associated PC software.2.1MiniProg4Figure 2-1. Top ViewFigure 2-2. Bottom View2.2MiniProg4 InstallationThe MiniProg4 programmer/debugger is supported by PSoC Programmer, ModusToolbox, CypressProgrammer, and PSoC Creator. Other software, such as Bridge Control Panel, use the PSoCProgrammer COM layer to support MiniProg4 functionality.Note: PSoC Programmer is compatible only with the Windows Operating System however, CypressProgrammer is compatible with Windows, macOS, and Linux. To understand the differencesbetween PSoC Programmer and Cypress Programmer, please see the Cypress ProgrammingSolutions page at /products/psoc-programming-solutions.1.Download and install PSoC Programmer or Cypress Programmer. Follow the on-screeninstructions to install the software.Each programming tool supports a subset of Cypress devices. See respective tooldocumentation for which device each supports.unch PSoC Programmer or Cypress Programmer and connect the MiniProg4 to yourcomputer’s USB port using the provided USB cable. When properly connected, and drivers havebeen installed, the Mode LED either turns ON or will be ramping (slowly increasing anddecreasing brightness) depending on the mode.Note that the MiniProg4 drivers are automatically installed.3.In PSoC Programmer, to connect to the port, in the Port Selection pane, click the MiniProg4device. You can also click Connect/Disconnect button as shown in Figure2-3.If the connection is successful, a status indicator in the lower-right corner of the PSoCProgrammer window turns green and shows “Connected”.You can now use MiniProg4 to program the target device by clicking the Program button.Figure 2-3. PSoC Programmer: MiniProg4 Connect/Disconnect and ProgramFor more information on how to use PSoC Programmer, see Help Topics under the Help menuin PSoC Programmer or press [F1].In Cypress Programmer, to connect to the MiniProg4 probe, click Connect/Disconnect button as shown in Figure2-4.If the connection is successful, a status indicator in the lower-right corner of the CypressProgrammer window turns green and shows “Connected”.You can now use MiniProg4 to program the target device by clicking the Program button. Figure 2-4. Cypress Programmer: MiniProg4 Connect/Disconnect and ProgramFor more information on how to use Cypress Programmer, see View Help under the Help menu in Cypress Programmer or press [F1].2.3MiniProg4 LEDsMiniProg4 has three indicator LEDs - Mode (Amber), Status (Green), and Error (Red) as shown in Figure 2-5. Table 2-1 indicates the behavior of these LEDs for various operations.Figure 2-5. MiniProg4 LEDsTable 2-1. LED representation for various operations of MiniProg4Programming ModeProgramming Status Three LEDsMode Indicator (Amber LED)Status Indicator 1 (Green LED)Status Indicator 2 (Red LED)CMSIS-DAP HID ProgrammingRamping (1 Hz)8 Hz OFF SuccessON OFF ErrorOFF ON IdleOFF OFF CMSIS-DAP Bulk ProgrammingON 8 Hz OFF SuccessON OFF ErrorOFF ON IdleOFF OFF BootloaderN/A 1 Hz OFF OFF Custom Application N/A 8 Hz ON ONInstalling MiniProg42.4MiniProg4 ButtonsMiniProg4 has two buttons that enable switching between various operating modes. Figure2-6shows the location of the buttons. In order to understand switching MiniProg4 modes, refer toFigure2-7.On power-up, MiniProg4 is in CMSIS-DAP/BULK Mode by default. If the Mode Select button ispressed, MiniProg4 enters CMSIS-DAP/HID mode. If the Custom App button is pressed, MiniProg4enters custom application mode where a user can run their own custom applications on the MCUcontained in the MiniProg4. See Figure2-7 for details.For details of LED indications of various modes of MiniProg4, refer to Table2-1.Figure 2-6. MiniProg4 ButtonsFigure 2-7. Various MiniProg4 Button Modes3.T echnical DescriptionMiniProg4 is a protocol translation device. With MiniProg4, the PC host software can communicate through a USB port to the target device to be programmed or debugged, as shown in Figure 3-1.Table 3-1 lists the protocols that are supported by each connector. MiniProg4 enables communication with the target devices using I/O voltage levels from 1.5 V to 5 V. Figure 3-1. System Block DiagramTable 3-1. Connectors / Communication Protocol SupportConnector SWD I 2CSPIUART (With and Without Flow Control)5-pin Supported N/A N/A N/A 10-pin Supported N/A N/A N/A 6x2 headerN/ASupportedSupportedSupported3.1Interfaces3.1.1SWDARM-based devices support the Serial Wire Debug (SWD) protocol. The PSoC 4, PSoC 5LP, andPSoC 6 MCU device families implement this standard, which offers programming and debuggingfunctions. MiniProg4 supports programming and debugging of PSoC 4, PSoC 5LP, and PSoC6devices using SWD through the 5-pin or 10-pin connector.Before programming a PSoC 4, PSoC 5LP, or PSoC 6 MCU device, make sure you review theelectrical connection requirements in the respective device datasheet or in the PSoC 4, PSoC 5LP,and PSoC 6 MCU device programming specifications. You can find the datasheets andprogramming specifications here:/PSoC4/PSoC5LP/PSoC63.1.2I2CI2C is a common serial interface standard. It is mainly used for communication betweenmicrocontrollers and other ICs on the same board but can also be used for intersystemcommunications. MiniProg4 uses an I2C multimaster host controller that allows the tool to exchangedata with I2C-enabled devices on the target board. For example, this feature may be used to tuneCapSense® designs.MiniProg4 serves as a USB-I2C bridge (acts as I2C Master) that can be used to communicate with aI2C slave devices through the Bridge Control Panel software. For I2C connections use the 6×2connector. MiniProg4 has internal pull-up resistors and supports I2C speed up to 1 MHz.3.1.3SPIThe Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) is a synchronous serial communication interface specificationused for short distance communication, primarily in embedded systems. SPI devices communicatein full duplex mode using a master-slave architecture with a single master.MiniProg4 serves as a USB-SPI bridge (acts as SPI Master) that can be used to communicate with aSPI slave devices through the Bridge Control Panel software. For SPI connections use the 6x2connector. MiniProg4 supports SPI speed up to 6 MHz.3.1.4UART with and without Flow ControlUART is another common serial interface standard. MiniProg4 supports UART, which allows the toolto receive data from UART enabled devices on the target board. MiniProg4 provides UARTcommunication both with and without hardware flow control. In order to enable flow control, RTS andCTS pins are provided in the 6x2 I/O header. If flow control is not required, CTS and RTS pins canbe left floating. Terminal emulators such as Tera Term or PuTTY can be used to communicate withthe target PSoC device. MiniProg4 supports UART speed up to 115200 Baud Rate.3.1.5ReferenceFor more information on the PSoC 4, PSoC 5LP, and PSoC 6 MCU's JTAG, SWD, and I2Cinterfaces, see the PSoC 4, PSoC 5LP, and PSoC 6 Technical Reference Manuals.For more details on how to use MiniProg4 with Bridge Control Panel, refer to the Bridge ControlPanel Help document.3.2Connectors3.2.15-Pin ConnectorThe 5-pin connector is configured as a single row with a 100-mil pitch. Suggested mating connectorpart number is Molex Connector Corporation 22-23-2051.Figure 3-2. 5-Pin Connector with Pin AssignmentsNote: If the design requires MiniProg4 to be directly plugged to the target board with a 5-pin header,adequate mechanical clearance shall be provided near the 5-pin header on the target board. Thewidth & height of MiniProg4 (5-pin header area) is 25mm x 13mm. If the design cannot meet therequired mechanical clearance, use a stackable header (such as Proto-PIC 20690).3.2.210-Pin ConnectorThe 10-pin connector is configured as a dual row with 50-mil pitch. It is used with a ribbon cable(provided) to mate to a similar connector on the target board. The signal assignment is shown inFigure3-3. Suggested mating connector part number is CNC Tech 3220-10-0300-00 or Samtec Inc.FTSH-105-01-F-DV-K-TR.Figure 3-3. 10-Pin Connector with Pin AssignmentsHere is a summary of the protocols and related pin assignments. The pin mapping is also shown on the back of the MiniProg4 case.3.2.36x2 ConnectorThis connector supports all the communication protocols like I 2C, SPI, UART (with or without flow control supported by MiniProg4). Figure 3-4 shows the pin assignments. They are also shown on the back of the MiniProg4 case.Figure 3-4. 6x2 Connector Pin AssignmentsTable 3-2. Communication Protocol Pin AssignmentsProtocolSignal 5-Pin 10-Pin SWDSDIO52SCK 44XRES3103.3PowerMiniProg4 can be powered using the USB interface.On kits/boards where there is a single power supply for the entire board, MiniProg4 can supplypower to the board. However, this supply is limited to approximately 200 mA, and is protectedagainst excess current draw. You can select 1.8 V, 2.5 V, 3.3 V, or 5 V from PSoC Programmer orCypress Programmer. The 5 V supply may vary between 4.25 V–5.5 V, because it is supplieddirectly from the USB port. The maximum deviation for other voltages is +5%.Note:Some PSoC device families do not support 5 V operation. Refer to the respective devicedatasheet for supported voltage selection.Voltage stress beyond acceptable limits can permanently damageMiniProg4. Programming signals can withstand over-voltage up tomaximum 12 V and minimum up to –5 V. Communication bridge signals(I2C, UART & SPI) can withstand over-voltage only up to maximum 6 Vand minimum up to –1 V.A.AppendixA.1Regulatory Compliance InformationThe CY8KCIT-005 MiniProg4 Program and Debug Kit complies with the CE-Low Voltage Directive2006/95/EC (Europe) safety requirement. It has been tested and verified to comply with the followingelectromagnetic compatibility (EMC) regulations.■CISPR 22 - Emissions■EN 55022 Class A - Immunity (Europe)■CE - EMC Directive 2004/108/EC■CE Declaration of ConformityDocument Revision HistoryDocument Title: CY8CKIT-005 MiniProg4 Program and Debug Kit Guide Document Number: 002-19782Revision ECN#Issue Date Origin ofChangeDescription of Change**628449410/31/2018NMIT New kit guide.*A637876211/08/2018SRDS Updated Installing MiniProg4chapter on page7:Updated “MiniProg4 Installation” on page8:Updated description.Updated Figure2-3.*B658102405/24/2019SRDS Updated Copyright information.。
英语中的project活动流程以及好处全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Hello everyone! Today I want to talk about projects in English class. Projects are super fun and they help us learn in a really cool way. Let me tell you all about how projects work and why they're so awesome.So, first things first, when we start a project in English class, our teacher gives us a topic to research. We have to find information about the topic by reading books, looking online, or even doing interviews with people. It's like being a detective and finding clues to solve a case. Once we have all our information, we get to make a cool presentation to show what we've learned. We can make a poster, a slideshow, or even act out a skit. It's up to us to be creative and have fun with it.The best part about projects is that we get to work with our friends. We can work together to find information, design our presentation, and practice our speeches. It's like a teamwork game where we all have to help each other out. And when we finally present our project to the class, we feel so proud of all ourhard work. It's a great feeling to share what we've learned with our classmates.Projects in English class have so many benefits. They help us improve our research skills, our communication skills, and our creativity. We learn how to work in a team, how to present in front of a group, and how to be confident in ourselves. Projects also make learning fun and interesting. We get to choose topics that we're curious about and dive deep into them. It's like going on an adventure of learning.In conclusion, projects in English class are awesome. They teach us important skills, help us bond with our friends, and make learning enjoyable. So next time you have a project in English class, remember to have fun with it and do your best. Who knows, you might discover something new and exciting along the way. Keep learning and exploring, my friends!篇2Project activities are super fun and exciting! In this article, I will tell you all about the process of doing a project in English class and the awesome benefits that come with it.First of all, when you start a project, your teacher will give you a topic to work on. It could be about anything from animalsto space to famous inventors. You and your classmates will get together in groups and start brainstorming ideas. You can share your thoughts, ask questions, and come up with a plan.Next, you will do some research on your topic. This means reading books, looking up information online, and maybe even interviewing experts. You will learn so much cool stuff that you never knew before! It's like going on a learning adventure.After that, you will start creating your project. You can make a poster, a slideshow, a diorama, or even a video. Use your creativity and imagination to make it awesome! You can add pictures, drawings, and fun facts to make it interesting.Once your project is finished, it's time to present it to the class. You and your group members will take turns talking about what you learned and showing off your hard work. This is your chance to shine and show everyone how smart you are!Now, let's talk about the benefits of doing a project. First of all, it helps you develop teamwork skills. You have to work together with your classmates to come up with ideas and solve problems. This teaches you how to communicate, compromise, and support each other.Secondly, doing a project improves your research skills. You learn how to find reliable sources, take notes, and organize information. This is a valuable skill that will help you in school and in life.Lastly, presenting your project builds your confidence. Speaking in front of the class can be scary at first, but the more you do it, the better you get. You will become more comfortable talking to others and sharing your ideas.In conclusion, project activities in English class are a great way to learn, grow, and have fun. So next time you have a project to do, dive in and enjoy the process. Who knows, you might discover a new passion or make some amazing memories along the way!篇3Hello everyone! Today I want to talk about projects in English class. Projects are super fun and cool activities that we get to do in school. Let me tell you all about the process of doing a project and why it's so awesome!First, our teacher tells us about the project and what we need to do. We usually have to choose a topic and do some research on it. Then we have to create a presentation or a poster to showwhat we learned. It's so exciting to pick a topic that we're interested in and learn all about it.Next, we work on our project with our friends or by ourselves. We have to plan out our presentation, gather information, and put it all together. Sometimes we get to use cool tools like markers, glue, and even technology to make our project look amazing.After we finish our project, we get to present it to the class. We stand up in front of everyone and talk about what we learned. It's a little bit scary at first, but it's also really fun to show off all the hard work we did.Projects are so cool because they help us learn in a different way. We get to be creative and use our imagination to make something awesome. Plus, we learn so much about different topics and get to share our knowledge with our classmates.So next time you have a project in English class, remember how fun and exciting it can be. Embrace the opportunity to learn and create something amazing. Projects rock!篇4Project activities are so much fun and we get to do them in English class! I'm going to tell you all about the process of doing a project in English class and why it's super cool.First, our teacher tells us about the project and what we need to do. It could be anything from making a poster about a famous person to creating a presentation about a country. We get all excited because we get to work with our friends and be creative.Next, we have to do research. This means looking up information on the internet or in books to learn more about our topic. It's like being a detective and finding out new things we never knew before.After that, we start putting our project together. We might have to draw pictures, write facts, or make a model. It's like a big puzzle that we have to figure out and make look nice.When our project is finished, we get to present it to the class. We stand up in front of everyone and talk about what we learned. It's a little scary at first, but it's also really exciting to share our hard work with our friends.Doing projects in English class is awesome because we get to learn new things, work with our friends, and be creative. Plus,it helps us get better at speaking and writing in English. I can't wait to do another project soon!篇5Project activities are really fun and exciting! Today, I want to talk about the flow of a project activity and the benefits of doing it. Let's get started!First, before we start a project, we need to come up with an idea. This can be anything we are interested in or want to learn more about. Once we have our idea, we can start planning our project. We need to set goals and think about what we want to achieve by the end of the project.Next, we need to gather materials and resources for our project. This can include things like books, art supplies, or even tools and equipment. It's important to make sure we have everything we need before we start working on our project.Once we have everything we need, it's time to start working on our project. This is where the real fun begins! We can be creative and use our imagination to come up with new ideas and ways to complete our project. We can work alone or with a group of friends, which is even more fun!As we work on our project, we will encounter challenges and problems that we need to solve. This is where we can learn new skills and improve our problem-solving abilities. It's important to not give up and keep trying until we find a solution.Finally, once our project is complete, we can share it with others. This can be done through a presentation, a poster, or even a performance. Sharing our project allows us to show off our hard work and creativity to others.Now, let's talk about the benefits of doing a project activity. First of all, projects help us develop our creativity and critical thinking skills. We can come up with new ideas and solutions to problems, which can be really exciting!Projects also help us learn new things and expand our knowledge. We can research a topic we are interested in and learn more about it through our project. This can be a great way to learn outside of the classroom.Additionally, projects allow us to work together with others. We can collaborate with our friends and classmates to complete a project, which can improve our teamwork and communication skills. It's always more fun to work on a project with others!In conclusion, project activities are a great way to have fun, learn new things, and develop important skills. So, the next time you have the opportunity to do a project, don't hesitate to jump right in and have a blast!篇6Project activities are so much fun! Today, let me tell you all about the process of doing a project and why it's so awesome!First, we come up with an idea for our project. We brainstorm and think of something cool and interesting to work on. It could be anything from making a volcano erupt to creating a mini solar system. The possibilities are endless!Next, we plan out our project. We decide what materials we need and how we're going to put it all together. Sometimes we have to do research to make sure our project is accurate and well-designed.Then comes the best part - building our project! We get to work with our hands and put everything together. It's like a big puzzle that we have to figure out. We help each other out and make sure everything looks just right.Finally, we present our project to the class. We explain what we did and why it's so cool. We get to show off all of our hard work and creativity. It's so much fun to see everyone's projects and learn new things from each other.Doing project activities is not only fun, but it also helps us learn in a different way. We get to be creative, work as a team, and use our problem-solving skills. It's a great way to apply what we've learned in class to real-life situations.So, next time you have a chance to do a project, go for it! You'll have a blast and learn so much along the way. Projects are awesome!篇7Project is a fun and exciting activity that we do at school. It involves working together with our friends to create something cool and interesting. In this article, I will talk about the process of doing a project in English and the benefits of doing project activities.First of all, when we are given a project, we need to choose a topic to work on. It can be anything that interests us, like animals, space, or even our favorite book. Once we have chosen a topic,we need to do research to find information about our topic. We can use books, the internet, or ask our teachers for help.Next, we need to plan our project. We can brainstorm ideas with our friends and decide what we want to include in our project. We can make a list of materials we need and divide the tasks among our group members. It's important to work together and help each other out.After planning, we start working on our project. We can gather materials, create posters, make models, or even do experiments. We can be creative and think of fun ways to present our project. We can use colors, pictures, and even props to make our project interesting.Finally, when our project is finished, we present it in front of our class. We can talk about what we learned, how we did the project, and what we enjoyed the most. It's a great feeling to share our hard work with our friends and teachers.Doing project activities has many benefits. It helps us learn new things and improve our research and presentation skills. It also teaches us teamwork and cooperation. We learn to listen to others' ideas, share our own, and work together towards a common goal. Projects help us to think creatively and problemsolve. We learn to think outside the box and come up with unique solutions.In conclusion, doing project activities is a fun and educational experience. It allows us to be creative, work together, and learn new things. So next time you have a project at school, don't worry, just have fun and enjoy the process!篇8In our school, we have this thing called "project activities" and they are super fun! Let me tell you all about it.First, our teacher will give us a topic to work on. It could be anything from animals to outer space. Then, we get to work in groups with our friends to come up with a project to present to the class. We have to do research, make a poster, and sometimes even a presentation.Next, we start working on our project. We go to the library to find books, use the computers to look for information online, and sometimes even interview experts. It's really cool to learn new things and work together with our friends.After we finish our project, we get to present it to the class. We stand up in front of everyone and talk about what we learned.It's a little nerve-wracking at first, but it's also really exciting to share our hard work with our classmates.There are so many benefits to doing project activities. We get to learn new things, work as a team, improve our presentation skills, and most importantly, have fun! It's a great way to make learning more interactive and engaging.So, if you ever get the chance to do project activities in your school, I highly recommend it. Trust me, you won't regret it!篇9Title: My English Project: The Process and BenefitsHey everyone! Today I'm going to talk about my English project and why it's so cool. My project is all about learning English in a fun and creative way. Let me tell you about the process and the benefits of doing a project like this.First, we had to choose a topic that we were interested in. I chose to talk about my favorite book so I could practice speaking and writing about it in English. Then, I had to do some research to gather information and make sure I knew what I was talking about. This was fun because I got to learn more about my favorite book and practice my English skills at the same time.Next, I had to organize my thoughts and decide how I wanted to present my project. I decided to make a poster with pictures and key points from the book. This helped me practice my writing and design skills. I also had to practice speaking in front of the class, which was a bit scary at first but it got easier the more I did it.Finally, I presented my project to the class and got to share my knowledge with my friends. It was so much fun! I felt proud of myself for all the hard work I put into my project. Plus, I improved my English skills and gained more confidence in speaking and writing.In conclusion, doing English projects is a great way to learn and have fun at the same time. I can't wait to do another project in the future! Thanks for listening!篇10Hi everyone! Today I'm going to talk about project activities in English class and why they're super cool!First, let me tell you what a project activity is. It's like a fun assignment where we get to work on a topic we like and make something cool to show to our classmates. For example, wemight make a poster about our favorite book or do a skit about a famous person from history.The process of doing a project activity is really fun. First, we have to choose a topic and do some research. This can be super interesting because we get to learn new things and become experts on a subject. Then we brainstorm ideas for how to present our project, like making a PowerPoint or creating a model.Next, we get to work on our project with our friends. It's so much fun to collaborate and share ideas with each other. We can help each other out when we get stuck and cheer each other on as we work towards our goal.Finally, we get to present our project to the class. This is the best part! We get to show off all the hard work we did and teach our classmates something new. It's a great feeling to see everyone's faces light up as they learn from us.Now, let me tell you why project activities are so awesome. First, they help us become better at working in a team. We learn how to communicate with each other and share responsibilities. This is a super important skill that we'll use for the rest of our lives.Second, project activities help us become more creative. We get to think outside the box and come up with cool ideas. This can help us in all aspects of our lives, not just in school.Finally, project activities make learning fun! We get to be in charge of our own learning and explore topics we're passionate about. This makes us more engaged in our education and helps us remember things better.So next time your teacher assigns a project activity, remember how awesome they are! Have fun, be creative, and enjoy the process. You'll be amazed at what you can accomplish!。
Home Session One 综述背景假定你为一家生产压力加工木材产品的工厂工作， CCA 是一种目前工厂常用的用来减少木材腐烂和虫蛀危害的防腐剂。
但是现在用 CCA 处理过的木材被公众利益团体质疑为会对身体产生潜在危险。
现在你负责研究一种新的，完全的有机化合物来替代 CCA,使得既能够保持你们产品的质量，又要消除公众利益团体对产品的质疑。
你进行了一个研究，并把结果保存到工作表 PRESSURE.MTW在研究中，你企图模拟 CCA 和新的有机化合物在 60 年的时间中保护木材的功效。
同样规格的松木板被用来实验这两种防腐剂，在实验过程中使用 3 种不同标准饱和度的溶液，并把木材放置在老化容器中。
然后木板再被用来测试它的最大负载量，以用来查看不同的方案是如何保护木材的Solution变量记录了产品是使用 CCA(Solution ＝ 1) 还是 organic(Solution=2)来做防腐处理的。
Retention变量表示运用到每个木板上的防腐剂量。
分成3种情况：0.25 磅防腐剂每立方英寸，这是在木材被自然放置情况下使用的。
0.8 磅防腐剂每英寸，这是把木材作为基桩情况下使用的。
2.5 磅每立方英寸，这是木材被盐水处理时使用的。
Hours变量代表每块木板在老化室里的时间， 1 个小时被认为是在自然条件下的 1 年的时间的模拟。
Load变量列出了最大的负载重量 ( 英镑 ) ，这是在每块木板在经过了防腐剂处理和老化过程以后的最大负载量。
在本课程当中将会学习到• 选择合适的图形• 在创建图形的时候应用常用的图形选项• 在不更改图形的情况下探索图形数据• 选择和更改不同图形元素的属性• 更改用来创建图形的变量• 在图形中增加元素• 使用分组变量来更改图形的显示• 创建图形布局• 在其他的应用程序中编辑 MINITAB 图形• 使用命令语言来创建图形Step1. 开始一个新项目 1 从菜单选择File>New2 选择Minitab Project ,然后点击OK在本课程中你将创建图形，编辑工作表等等。
三人行之MINIE外形靓，出行成本低，可惜自己不是车主。
――刘雅坤经过数十年的发展，昔日的平民mini已经不复存在，现在的MINI变成了时尚潮人的玩物，而不菲的价格也让它彻底告别了平民车身份。
不可否认，宝马集团对于MINI品牌“粉红MINI”的营销策略新意十足，“种MINI”、“豹纹MINI”、和“MINI上墙”等新奇创意让大家印象深刻。
但是，今天我们介绍的MINI E却不是宝马集团营销的噱头，而是一款真正可以上路行驶的纯电动汽车。
MINI E诞生于2008年，当时新能源汽车并不像现在一样百花齐放，而纯电动汽车数量更是少之又少，MINI E的到来可谓轰动一时。
一个原本就富有创意、极具个性的车型，又在环保方面实现了零排放，因此更加引人注意。
MINI E是宝马集团为开发可持续的未来城市交通解决方案所设立的“project i”部门的首项成果，该款车型虽然以现有MINI 车型为基础开发，但是通过车身上的特有贴纸，很容将MINI E从众多MINI车型中区分出来。
粗略观察MINI E的内饰，各种富有创意的“MINI”式设计一应俱全，可以说MINI E仍然是一款“原汁原味”的MINI，设计者并没有为了减轻车身质量或者节约电能而削减配置。
坐到驾驶席上时你会发现，原来的发动机转速表变成了电池电量表，中控台中央的车速表中也增加了用电指示图标。
启动车辆时车内一如既往地安静，只有急加速时才传来电动机工作的声音。
由于MINI E使用的电池组质量为260kg，因此整车空载质量达到1465kg，比一般的MINI车型还要重一些，好在电动机的最大功率和最大转矩分别达到150kW和220N•m。
在日常行驶中，MINI E能够提供较为舒适的驾乘感受，当驾驶者的右脚离开加速踏板后，车辆将自动减速并回收能量，电池充满电后的续航里程为209km。
目前，MINI E已经开始在中国进行实路测试，招募的50名私人车主也分批开始了他们与MINI E为期5个月的新生活。
