GDPcurrent-USD联合国统计司

1960年—2017年世界银行国民经济核算数据Country Name Indicator Name1960196119621963阿鲁巴GDP（现价美元）阿富汗GDP（现价美元）537777811.1548888895.6546666677.8751111191.1安哥拉GDP（现价美元）阿尔巴尼亚GDP（现价美元）安道尔共和国GDP（现价美元）阿拉伯联盟国家GDP（现价美元）阿拉伯联合酋长国GDP（现价美元）阿根廷GDP（现价美元）2445060487818272123664亚美尼亚GDP（现价美元）美属萨摩亚GDP（现价美元）安提瓜和巴布达GDP（现价美元）澳大利亚GDP（现价美元）18573188487196483368801988800537621501847911奥地利GDP（现价美元）6592693841731174963377561102108374175258阿塞拜疆GDP（现价美元）布隆迪GDP（现价美元）195999990202999992213500006232749998比利时GDP（现价美元）11658722591124001452221326401567514260017387贝宁GDP（现价美元）226195579.4235668222.4236434906.8253927646.5布基纳法索GDP（现价美元）330442817.2350247237.1379567178.3394040749.1孟加拉国GDP（现价美元）4274893913481758018450814133405319458351保加利亚GDP（现价美元）巴林GDP（现价美元）巴哈马GDP（现价美元）169803921.6190098039.2212254902237745098波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那GDP（现价美元）白俄罗斯GDP（现价美元）伯利兹GDP（现价美元）28071888.5629964370.7131856922.8633749405.01百慕大GDP（现价美元）84466654.0889249986.794149985.9796366652.31玻利维亚GDP（现价美元）373879363.6406684585.7444665186.4478805990.1巴西GDP（现价美元）15165569913152368548591992629383923021477292巴巴多斯GDP（现价美元）文莱达鲁萨兰国GDP（现价美元）不丹GDP（现价美元）博茨瓦纳GDP（现价美元）30412308.9932902336.6435643207.6338091150.57中非共和国GDP（现价美元）112155598.9123134584.5124482748.9129379097.9加拿大GDP（现价美元）41093453545407679694544197885204144657169109中歐和波羅的海GDP（现价美元）瑞士GDP（现价美元）9522746719107127124651187998275913063643796海峡群岛GDP（现价美元）智利GDP（现价美元）4110000000460972727354162727275668187500中国GDP（现价美元）59716467625500568689584720935900650706799903科特迪瓦GDP（现价美元）546203561.6618245639.2645284344.7761047045.8喀麦隆GDP（现价美元）618740988657597382.8699373701.2723624365.3刚果（金）GDP（现价美元）3359404118308674685737798414296213185743刚果（布）GDP（现价美元）131731862.6151675739.2166521239.9172233430.9哥伦比亚GDP（现价美元）4031152977454044776149555439634836166667科摩罗GDP（现价美元）佛得角GDP（现价美元）哥斯达黎加GDP（现价美元）507513830490325181.6479180824.3511902136.8加勒比小国GDP（现价美元）1875397947203298114521482733162284335164古巴GDP（现价美元）库拉索GDP（现价美元）开曼群岛GDP（现价美元）塞浦路斯GDP（现价美元）德国GDP（现价美元）吉布提GDP（现价美元）多米尼克GDP（现价美元）丹麦GDP（现价美元）6248946880693384209978129681148316692386多米尼加共和国GDP（现价美元）672399700654100200824100000940799900阿尔及利亚GDP（现价美元）2723648552243477664620014688682703014867东亚与太平洋地区（不包括GDP（现价美元）80254554565704495847846455703431669906307996早人口紅利GDP（现价美元）1.52235E+11 1.52939E+11 1.57958E+11 1.67419E+11东亚与太平洋地区GDP（现价美元）1.53255E+11 1.53703E+11 1.57265E+11 1.75491E+11欧洲与中亚地区（不包括高GDP（现价美元）欧洲与中亚地区GDP（现价美元） 4.3296E+11 4.60878E+11 5.03867E+11 5.55621E+11厄瓜多尔GDP（现价美元）2069465326175385041715182082211824344492阿拉伯埃及共和国GDP（现价美元）欧洲货币联盟GDP（现价美元）2.45481E+11 2.7021E+11 2.99861E+11 3.36397E+11厄立特里亚GDP（现价美元）西班牙GDP（现价美元）12072126075138343005711613854520919074913948爱沙尼亚GDP（现价美元）埃塞俄比亚GDP（现价美元）欧洲联盟GDP（现价美元）3.59029E+11 3.90887E+11 4.27015E+11 4.70415E+11脆弱和受衝突影響的情況下GDP（现价美元）芬兰GDP（现价美元）5224102196592165948563405808546885920329斐济GDP（现价美元）112328422.1116987784.9122906435129454728.6法国GDP（现价美元）62651474947683467415047631378225285551113767法罗群岛GDP（现价美元）密克罗尼西亚联邦GDP（现价美元）加蓬GDP（现价美元）141468977.6167637907.4182796536.5154480244.2英国GDP（现价美元）72328047042766943606368060193963585443766670格鲁吉亚GDP（现价美元）加纳GDP（现价美元）1217230038130267426413825155901540797517直布罗陀GDP（现价美元）几内亚GDP（现价美元）冈比亚GDP（现价美元）几内亚比绍共和国GDP（现价美元）赤道几内亚GDP（现价美元）9122751.45310840095.13希腊GDP（现价美元）4446528165501604878653275735095949478035格林纳达GDP（现价美元）格陵兰GDP（现价美元）危地马拉GDP（现价美元）1043599900107669990011436000001262800000关岛GDP（现价美元）圭亚那GDP（现价美元）170215248.2185848451.3194948375.4175756868.7高收入国家GDP（现价美元）1.08366E+12 1.1468E+12 1.23858E+12 1.32442E+12中国香港特别行政区GDP（现价美元）1320796652138368165116123464121935298266洪都拉斯GDP（现价美元）335650000356200000387750000410200000重债穷国 (HIPC)GDP（现价美元）17396670260178550267961944171829923503031963克罗地亚GDP（现价美元）海地GDP（现价美元）273187200271066000281896800294883400匈牙利GDP（现价美元）只有IBRD GDP（现价美元）2.94678E+11 2.81225E+11 2.92837E+11 3.12656E+11 IBRD与IDA GDP（现价美元）3.31624E+11 3.20979E+11 3.3596E+11 3.61328E+11 IDA總GDP（现价美元）37890934897399996450094312684613948531172392 IDA混合GDP（现价美元）12163591850129993826671389420950714695877356印度尼西亚GDP（现价美元）只有IDA GDP（现价美元）26583810460278724153433019742782335110096353印度GDP（现价美元）36535925031387090960764159907024247776000900未分类国家GDP（现价美元）爱尔兰GDP（现价美元）1939329775208801228222603496842430843768伊朗伊斯兰共和国GDP（现价美元）4199134390442694909546935664164928628018伊拉克GDP（现价美元）1684121535183170036419546348361978437693冰岛GDP（现价美元）248434097253885656.3284916516.2340061650.1以色列GDP（现价美元）2598500000313850000025100000002992333333意大利GDP（现价美元）40385288344448427602935038389189957710743060牙买加GDP（现价美元）699050679748028839.4777712445.8826690466.2约旦GDP（现价美元）日本GDP（现价美元）44307342950535086177396072301868469498131797哈萨克斯坦GDP（现价美元）肯尼亚GDP（现价美元）791265458.8792959472.1868111400926589348.6吉尔吉斯斯坦GDP（现价美元）柬埔寨GDP（现价美元）637142865.7642857134.3660000008.6728571437.1基里巴斯GDP（现价美元）圣基茨和尼维斯GDP（现价美元）12366563.6112483229.3112541562.1512833226.39大韩民国GDP（现价美元）3957873926241723775428139339003988246109科威特GDP（现价美元）拉丁美洲与加勒比海地区（GDP（现价美元）52446895080548650472816280667136569823803148老挝GDP（现价美元）黎巴嫩GDP（现价美元）利比里亚GDP（现价美元）利比亚GDP（现价美元）圣卢西亚GDP（现价美元）拉丁美洲与加勒比海地区GDP（现价美元）81504629943862949520819872028703399635182125最不发达国家：联合国分类GDP（现价美元）低收入国家GDP（现价美元）列支敦士登GDP（现价美元）斯里兰卡GDP（现价美元）1409873950144432773114341563791240672269中低等收入国家GDP（现价美元）中低收入国家GDP（现价美元）2.93011E+11 2.82109E+11 2.94325E+11 3.27804E+11莱索托GDP（现价美元）34579308.4135699286.0141859162.8247039059.22後期人口紅利GDP（现价美元）1.70999E+11 1.57909E+11 1.65686E+11 1.79576E+11立陶宛GDP（现价美元）卢森堡GDP（现价美元）703925705.9704145671.4741509480.8791140595.8拉脱维亚GDP（现价美元）中国澳门特别行政区GDP（现价美元）圣马丁（法属）GDP（现价美元）摩洛哥GDP（现价美元）2037150716202568953723796064222657247327摩纳哥GDP（现价美元）摩尔多瓦GDP（现价美元）马达加斯加GDP（现价美元）673081724.1699161943.9739286906.9759345863马尔代夫GDP（现价美元）中东与北非地区GDP（现价美元）墨西哥GDP（现价美元）13040000000141600000001520000000016960000000马绍尔群岛GDP（现价美元）中等收入国家GDP（现价美元）2.77432E+11 2.66404E+11 2.77057E+11 3.06472E+11马其顿王国GDP（现价美元）马里GDP（现价美元）马耳他GDP（现价美元）缅甸GDP（现价美元）中东与北非地区（不包括高GDP（现价美元）蒙古GDP（现价美元）北马里亚纳群岛GDP（现价美元）莫桑比克GDP（现价美元）毛里塔尼亚GDP（现价美元）92609222.69107726181.2111148585.6113797356.8毛里求斯GDP（现价美元）马拉维GDP（现价美元）162956740.9174576508.5183116337.7190816183.7马来西亚GDP（现价美元）1916241997190186854820015026792510126748北美GDP（现价美元）5.84478E+11 6.04157E+11 6.47173E+11 6.83354E+11纳米比亚GDP（现价美元）新喀里多尼亚GDP（现价美元）尼日尔GDP（现价美元）449526872.6485785234.9531736492.9586294761.5尼日利亚GDP（现价美元）4196092258446720033649093029545165489010尼加拉瓜GDP（现价美元）223854666.7240524723.4265291588.7292916241.1荷兰GDP（现价美元）12276734172134938337401464705737015891241386挪威GDP（现价美元）5163271598563246093760669766836510239503尼泊尔GDP（现价美元）508334414531959561.6574091101.2496947904.4瑙魯GDP（现价美元）新西兰GDP（现价美元）5485854792567006416860774962686638937283经合组织成员GDP（现价美元）1.07101E+12 1.12571E+12 1.21568E+12 1.31016E+12阿曼GDP（现价美元）其他小国GDP（现价美元）巴基斯坦GDP（现价美元）3707055901405459918142330955904540529105巴拿马GDP（现价美元）537147100599026300652120900722784500秘鲁GDP（现价美元）2571908062289965484032867731883600957771菲律宾GDP（现价美元）6684568805725696696643998277684875309866帕劳GDP（现价美元）巴布亚新几内亚GDP（现价美元）230496033244832035261184037.4275968039.5波兰GDP（现价美元）預人口紅利GDP（现价美元）11074881960114538283051251357262414600247319波多黎各GDP（现价美元）1691900000186510000020944000002333600000朝鲜民主主义人民共和国GDP（现价美元）葡萄牙GDP（现价美元）3193200404341751663936682223583905734460巴拉圭GDP（现价美元）约旦河西岸和加沙GDP（现价美元）太平洋岛国GDP（现价美元）人口紅利之後GDP（现价美元）1.04422E+12 1.10377E+12 1.19241E+12 1.28368E+12法属波利尼西亚GDP（现价美元）卡塔尔GDP（现价美元）罗马尼亚GDP（现价美元）俄罗斯联邦GDP（现价美元）卢旺达GDP（现价美元）119000024122000016125000008128000000南亚GDP（现价美元）46639476637497497678355308787677459696720683沙特阿拉伯GDP（现价美元）苏丹GDP（现价美元）1307333333141933333315416666671568333333塞内加尔GDP（现价美元）1003692375105897526610854755731122139637新加坡GDP（现价美元）704462302.4764308114.5825885273.7917222004.4所罗门群岛GDP（现价美元）塞拉利昂GDP（现价美元）322009471.6327834680.6342721579.8348546952.1萨尔瓦多GDP（现价美元）圣马力诺GDP（现价美元）索马里GDP（现价美元）塞尔维亚GDP（现价美元）撒哈拉以南非洲地区（不包GDP（现价美元）29694180040308632731463344613713938345027224撒哈拉以南非洲地区GDP（现价美元）29705433864308739618113345781052438357766238小国GDP（现价美元）圣多美和普林西比GDP（现价美元）苏里南GDP（现价美元）99650000107700000116150000125950000斯洛伐克共和国GDP（现价美元）斯洛文尼亚GDP（现价美元）瑞典GDP（现价美元）14842870293161471601231751147731118954132366斯威士兰GDP（现价美元）35076158.4843025199.545927061.4654128377.43圣马丁(荷属)GDP（现价美元）塞舌尔GDP（现价美元）12012025.2511592024.3612642026.5713923029.26阿拉伯叙利亚共和国GDP（现价美元）857704431.7945244992.211105658641200447429特克斯科斯群岛GDP（现价美元）乍得GDP（现价美元）313582727.6333975336.6357635713.9371767002.7东亚与太平洋地区 (IBRD与GDP（现价美元）80089041939703042933946442389540169762137030欧洲与中亚地区 (IBRD与ID GDP（现价美元）多哥GDP（现价美元）121128073.1126396469.7132237441.6143255784.5泰国GDP（现价美元）2760747472303404357433089127973540403457塔吉克斯坦GDP（现价美元）土库曼斯坦GDP（现价美元）拉丁美洲与加勒比海地区 (GDP（现价美元）76702247596810940882699282162188893431233349东帝汶GDP（现价美元）中东与北非地区 (IBRD与ID GDP（现价美元）汤加GDP（现价美元）南亚 (IBRD与IDA)GDP（现价美元）46639476637497497678355308787677459696720683撒哈拉以南非洲地区 (IBRD GDP（现价美元）29705433864308739618113345781052438357766238特立尼达和多巴哥GDP（现价美元）535670127.7584961208.7619319197.3678235373突尼斯GDP（现价美元）土耳其GDP（现价美元）139950678188022222222892222222210355555556图瓦卢GDP（现价美元）坦桑尼亚GDP（现价美元）乌干达GDP（现价美元）423008385.7441524109449012578.6516147798.7乌克兰GDP（现价美元）中高等收入国家GDP（现价美元）1.86712E+11 1.70152E+11 1.78342E+11 1.96667E+11乌拉圭GDP（现价美元）1242289239154738878117100044071539681491美国GDP（现价美元） 5.433E+11 5.633E+11 6.051E+11 6.386E+11乌兹别克斯坦GDP（现价美元）圣文森特和格林纳丁斯GDP（现价美元）13066557.7813999883.3314524878.9613708219.1委内瑞拉玻利瓦尔共和国GDP（现价美元）7779090909818909090989469696979753333333英屬維爾京群島GDP（现价美元）美属维京群岛GDP（现价美元）24200000257000003690000041400000越南GDP（现价美元）瓦努阿图GDP（现价美元）世界GDP（现价美元）1.36593E+12 1.42081E+12 1.52537E+12 1.64242E+12萨摩亚GDP（现价美元）科索沃GDP（现价美元）也门共和国GDP（现价美元）南非GDP（现价美元）7575248495797284054384978300439423211536赞比亚GDP（现价美元）713000000696285714.3693142857.1718714285.7津巴布韦GDP（现价美元）10529904001096646600111760160011595117001964196519661967196819691970 800000044.410066666381399999967167333341813733333671408888922174888659678619206.09256021785632813243222531705853030 2560524938228344705967286304747282425666755326436857247312562845443158421036623758539590259312353012726173143730389741292326576324343662000224041261059469 916998388699940706161088768227311579431669124406253131358279855615373005769 260750008158994963165444571.4178297142.9183200000190205714.3242732571.4 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GDP国际比较方法及中美GDP相对变化趋势作者：李兆辰韩天阔高宇宁来源：《贵州财经大学学报》2024年第01期摘要：GDP是衡量国家经济规模和世界经济格局的关键指标，然而在理论和实践中对于GDP国际比较方法尚未形成共识。

本文阐释了GDP国际比较的三类主要方法及各自的特点与局限，认为其本质差异在于转换因子的选择，在此基础上分析了中美GDP在1990～2020年的相对变化趋势，分别从总量视角和分产业分行业的结构视角进行分析。

研究发现，中国GDP 迅速追赶美国，尤其在制造业方面显著超越美国，但是不同方法测算的相对变动程度差异较大。

汇率法在计算上较为简便，但受到汇率波动等因素的影响较大；购买力平价法在原理上较为合理，但在操作性和可比性上较弱；替代法在数据上较为可靠，但理论依据和客观性较弱。

本研究深化了对于GDP国际比较方法理论本质的认识，测算了中美GDP总量和结构的相对变化趋势，可为进一步完善GDP国际比较方法提供借鉴。

关键词：国内生产总值；国际比较；购买力平价；经济增长；GDP文章编号：2095-5960（2024）01-0011-10；中图分类号：F113;F222；文献标识码：A一、引言国内生产总值（gross domestic product， GDP）是衡量国家经济规模最普遍应用的指标，对于认识和评价经济发展具有重要意义，反映了国家经济实力在国际格局中的相对位置。

［1］GDP是一国范围内、一定时期内生产的最终产品和劳务的价值总和，能够概要性地反映整个国家的经济发展历程。

作为一个具有综合性和直观性的指标，GDP在制定国内发展政策、分析世界经济发展格局和评价国家经济发展状况中，都发挥了难以替代的重要作用，是学术研究和政策实践的重要参考。

［2］现有文献对于开展GDP国际比较的方法尚未形成共识，对于不同方法存在较大差异的理论本质关注不足，且主要关注GDP总量而对GDP结构关注不足。

根据世界银行WDI数据库提供的数据，2020年中国按照汇率法计算的GDP仅相当于美国的70.30%，而按照购买力平价法计算的GDP相当于美国的115.90%。

GDP即国内生产总值(Gross Domestic Product，简称GDP)是指在一定时期内(一个季度或一年)，一个国家或地区的经济中所生产出的全部最终产品和劳务的价值，常被公认为衡量国家经济状况的最佳指标。

它不但可反映一个国家的经济表现，还可以反映一国的国力与财富。

通常GDP越高，意昧着经济发展越好，利率趋升，汇率趋强。

如果中国GDP走强，则会提升人民币升值，打压美元，黄金是美元挂钩的，美元下跌则从侧面利多黄金白银上涨；反之，则利空黄金白银下跌。

从消费角度上讲，GDP增长暗示国民人均的收入和消费水平有所增加，消费增加能刺激投资者购买黄金白银的兴趣，毕竟黄金白银本身也是商品。

因此，GDP基本上会从两方面影响黄金白银，一方面是汇率，另一方面是消费。

另外，如果是美国GDP增长，则由于其推升美元升值，导致以美元标价的黄金白银贬值，在一定程度上利空金银走势。

然而美国GDP增加也会刺激投资者消费增加，利多金银Y
中国GDP增长是完全在两方面：汇率和消费都利多金银走势的。

而美国GDP增长在汇率方面打压金银走势，在消费方面支撑金银走势，具体就要看消费引入的资金能否大于美元上涨打压的强度。

投资有风险，理财需谨慎，把握好投资力度，量力而行。

按 GDP 平减指数衡量的通货膨胀（年通胀率国家名称1961196219631964196519661日本7.79 4.20 5.51 5.33 5.14 4.972巴哈马 1.16 1.09 1.34 1.51 2.01 3.773帕劳4捷克共和国5萨摩亚6苏丹8.56 1.59 4.71 3.90-2.40 6.397图瓦卢8新加坡0.810.89 3.530.360.15 1.479瑞士10葡萄牙 1.410.680.57 2.01 3.87 5.2611德国12斯洛文尼亚13丹麦 4.31 6.64 5.77 4.617.44 6.8314中非共和国 4.64 4.89 4.677.54 5.04 4.4815瑞典 2.94 4.02 2.76 4.40 5.99 6.5516爱尔兰17多米尼加18荷兰 5.260.76 4.708.68 3.37 5.9819塞浦路斯20意大利 2.78 5.798.46 6.49 4.20 2.2321法国 3.40 4.67 6.41 4.15 2.73 2.8922西班牙 2.47 6.107.85 6.259.168.1723摩洛哥 1.91 4.40 6.49 3.97 3.39-0.9624马绍尔群岛25马耳他26欧洲联盟 2.86 3.93 3.41 4.50 4.50 4.3227斯洛伐克共和国28希腊 1.49 4.61 1.40 3.72 4.01 4.8529韩国14.1018.4528.4632.92 6.4213.9930波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那31比利时 1.32 1.67 3.03 4.64 5.10 4.0932圣文森特和格林纳丁斯 2.500.050.69 3.85 1.47 6.5633克罗地亚34圣卢西亚35高收入36安提瓜和巴布达37以色列8.618.917.69 5.44-1.39 8.7338奥地利 5.09 3.34 3.68 3.18 5.32 3.1239塞舌尔 1.460.60-0.00 4.38-49.42 3.2140联合王国 3.38 3.72 1.97 4.05 4.80 4.3241瓦努阿图42乍得 5.06 1.53 5.648.23 5.67 5.9843美国 1.23 1.37 1.06 1.51 1.88 2.9544马其顿，前南斯拉夫45智利7.4712.0243.9546.4141.1628.4946贝宁 1.04 3.78 2.55-0.36 2.06 1.1447基里巴斯48黑山49格林纳达50阿尔巴尼亚51冰岛13.2811.158.2316.1812.3110.44 52伯利兹 1.76 1.360.94 2.14 5.61 5.77 53波兰54塞内加尔 2.47 2.54 1.49 2.000.450.42 55加拿大0.46 1.41 2.06 2.60 3.36 4.98 56中国香港特区0.84-1.67 2.54 3.20-2.39 -4.21 57匈牙利0.98-0.59 -0.45 0.40-30.18 2.88 58尼日尔 3.39-0.84 0.76-0.72 8.08 4.96 59巴拿马0.690.46 2.23 2.730.64 1.34 60芬兰 5.34 3.97 5.157.18 5.02 4.72 61爱沙尼亚62多哥-6.95 0.72 3.17 1.46-2.32 5.74 63突尼斯-3.06 4.15 1.2010.77 1.53 64柬埔寨65佛得角66喀麦隆 5.06 3.11-0.26 4.42 2.750.19 67亚美尼亚68菲律宾 3.04 6.798.57 4.51 3.98 5.33 69泰国 3.700.54-1.17 2.68 4.328.25 70马里71毛里求斯72老挝人民民主共和国73莱索托 1.35 1.67 1.59 2.00 3.43 3.74 74哥斯达黎加 3.390.59 1.95 1.77-0.87 1.20 75秘鲁 3.10 4.62 5.6313.5013.019.16 76卢森堡-3.66 3.89 3.15 5.83 2.80 3.93 77科索沃78乌干达79马尔代夫80不丹81保加利亚82黎巴嫩83科特迪瓦 2.99 3.00 3.01 2.91 3.080.04 84科摩罗85斯威士兰86圣基茨和尼维斯87拉脱维亚0.59 88几内亚比绍89密克罗尼西亚联邦90世界 3.93 91哥伦比亚8.08 6.5823.4216.179.4414.96 92墨西哥 3.24 2.75 2.93 5.90 2.07 5.08 93危地马拉-1.08 2.590.81-1.68 -1.80 -1.00 95纳米比亚94中高收入96布基纳法索 1.90 2.01 5.15 1.81-0.66 2.30 97立陶宛98冈比亚99马来西亚-7.76 -1.34 -0.81 1.62 2.09-1.29 100萨尔瓦多-1.77 -0.87 1.310.82 1.28-1.18101中等收入102挪威 2.65 4.77 3.39 4.72 4.77 3.98 103澳大利亚 3.18-0.23 1.77 3.26 3.00 2.68 104孟加拉国 6.260.02 5.16-8.74 7.93 6.30 105约旦107多米尼加共和国-0.42 7.647.19 2.11-1.06 -2.36 108海地109低中等收入 3.87 110中国澳门特别行政区111巴西31.3078.8369.7793.8351.3839.41 112罗马尼亚113牙买加114索罗门群岛115摩尔多瓦116卢旺达7.12-7.97 13.5516.03 6.9636.86 117中国11.97-1.23 -1.93 0.64 2.21-1.67 119斯里兰卡-1.71 -1.37 1.64 2.480.24-1.80 118中等偏下收入 2.47 2.54 1.64 3.86 3.05 3.78 120乌拉圭18.4411.7819.9040.3362.1572.42 121印度 2.15 4.418.358.558.3013.27 122南非 1.260.59 3.33 1.700.32 4.39 123印尼13.46178.75145.85114.91229.241195.41 124坦桑尼亚125塞尔维亚126土耳其 4.75 5.37 6.42 2.34 3.98 6.28 127东帝汶128洪都拉斯 4.19 2.92 2.13 5.68 2.08 2.61 129收入低 2.29 1.13 3.62 2.25 4.03 3.85 130巴布亚新几内亚0.040.29 1.53 1.90 2.237.36 131格鲁吉亚-1.82 132汤加133马达加斯加 1.79 3.39 3.68 1.65 4.35 5.82 134土库曼斯坦135毛里塔尼亚0.69 2.43 4.46 4.53-2.07 4.14 136特里尼达和多巴哥-4.24 3.05 3.70-2.48 2.75-5.57 137蒙古138利比里亚-5.75 2.93 2.04 3.98-0.07 -1.00 139斐0.61 1.40-0.97 3.147.95 2.48 140厄瓜多尔 4.98 2.15 4.28 3.27 3.757.86 141巴拉圭7.5112.72 2.47 2.39 3.10 3.82 142尼泊尔 2.69 5.90 3.57 1.1912.8915.22 143莫桑比克144尼加拉瓜0.04-1.25 0.43 5.07 1.32 3.66 145阿拉伯埃及共和国0.170.40 2.43 6.28 3.05 4.61 146阿尔及利亚 3.47 2.350.55 1.70 1.50 1.82 147马拉维-0.47 4.20 5.67-0.59 3.710.21 148肯尼亚8.660.02-1.88 2.69-2.05 1.71 149刚果共和国 6.29 4.257.77 3.86 3.0310.03 150圣多美和普林西比151加纳 3.40 1.96 6.779.9317.028.15 152布隆迪20.08-3.57 4.69 5.42-1.03 3.15153刚果民主。

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current prices U.S. dollars Dominican Republic Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Ecuador Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Egypt Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollarsEthiopia Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Fiji Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Finland Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars France Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Gabon Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars The Gambia Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Georgia Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Germany Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Ghana Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Greece Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Grenada Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Guatemala Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Guinea Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Guinea-Bissau Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Guyana Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Haiti Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Honduras Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Hong Kong SAR Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Hungary Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Iceland Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars India Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Indonesia Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollarsGross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Islamic Republic of IranIraq Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Ireland Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Israel Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Italy Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Jamaica Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Japan Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Jordan Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Kazakhstan Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Kenya Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Kiribati Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Korea Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Kosovo Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Kuwait Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Kyrgyz Republic Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Lao P.D.R.Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Latvia Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Lebanon Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Lesotho Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Liberia Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Libya Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Lithuania Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Luxembourg Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Macao SAR Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars FYR Macedonia Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Madagascar Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Malawi Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollarsMauritania Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Mauritius Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Mexico Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Micronesia Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Moldova Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Mongolia Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Montenegro Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Morocco Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Mozambique Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Myanmar Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Namibia Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Nauru Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Nepal Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Netherlands Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars New Zealand Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Nicaragua Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Niger Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Nigeria Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Norway Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Oman Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Pakistan Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Palau Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Panama Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Papua New Guinea Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Paraguay Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Peru Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Philippines Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Poland Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Portugal Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Puerto Rico Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Qatar Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Romania Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Russia Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Rwanda Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Samoa Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars San Marino Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars S鉶 Tom?and Pr韓cipe Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Saudi Arabia Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Senegal Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Serbia Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Seychelles Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Sierra Leone Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Singapore Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Slovak Republic Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Slovenia Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Solomon Islands Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Somalia Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars South Africa Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars South Sudan Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollarsSt. Vincent and the GrenGross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Sudan Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Suriname Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Sweden Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Switzerland Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Syria Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollarsGross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Taiwan Province of ChinaTajikistan Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Tanzania Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Thailand Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Timor-Leste Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Togo Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Tonga Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Trinidad and Tobago Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Tunisia Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Turkey Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Turkmenistan Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Tuvalu Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Uganda Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Ukraine Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars United Arab Emirates Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars United Kingdom Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars United States Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Uruguay Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Uzbekistan Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Vanuatu Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Venezuela Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Vietnam Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Yemen Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Zambia Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars Zimbabwe Gross domestic product, current prices U.S. dollars International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database, October 2018Scale Country/Series-specific NotesBillions See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). Billions See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). Billions See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). Billions See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). Billions See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). Billions See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). Billions See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). Billions See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). Billions See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). Billions See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). Billions See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). Billions See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). 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Billions See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). Billions See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency). Billions See notes for: Gross domestic product, current prices (National currency).198019811982198319841985198619871988 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a1.9462.229 2.296 2.319 2.29 2.339 2.587 2.566 2.5342.34644.37244.7847.52951.51361.13261.53563.351.6647.258 6.793 6.7937.0797.5049.2458.6569.89410.7330.1310.1480.1640.1820.2080.2410.290.3370.399 226.569184.01491.376112.721126.56395.593114.949117.854138.044 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/an/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 162.639188.081186.722179.164196.791174.079181.16212.727270.61480.92470.12270.11171.03367.00768.62497.375121.771133.592 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a2.598 2.6923.031 3.373 3.603 3.9234.241 4.669 4.8553.5934.056 4.264 4.368 4.534 4.278 3.347 3.626 4.48122.63222.05720.19721.16524.06424.75625.95428.63330.9041.018 1.12 1.171 1.243 1.355 1.418 1.557 1.714 1.823 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 124.139102.79290.4485.49281.67284.92117.689146.189158.9430.1720.1790.1790.1890.2110.2090.2280.2670.3151.685 1.14 1.1280.999 1.065 1.156 1.49 1.778 1.8670.1270.1370.1440.1560.1610.1670.1890.2290.2623.589 3.44 3.813 3.609 3.7524.059 3.97 4.323 4.598 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a1.175 1.038 1.095 1.21 1.201 1.118 1.5162.3763.084 145.767167.523179.102143.601142.906226.858263.163286.438319.991 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a4.434 2.704 3.105 2.95524.97426.93728.09428.8730.66826.25823.23926.93844.0222.121 1.846 1.719 1.571 1.404 1.553 2.036 2.37 2.6160.9510.989 1.045 1.106 1.005 1.17 1.233 1.161 1.0880.1570.1540.1550.1520.1450.1520.210.260.292 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a0.2050.1410.2768.1939.2818.9018.9729.4829.90312.90914.95215.184 275.035306.213313.498340.543355.382364.761377.438431.319507.3510.7140.7430.7190.690.670.883 1.158 1.275 1.3720.7380.8730.8440.8440.9070.983 1.211 1.372 1.60428.82934.13325.4520.67320.10417.23818.53121.85625.765 305.348290.827286.719307.677316.628312.616303.34330.303411.92346.34250.48854.06753.73653.07548.41548.48150.46754.4060.1520.1330.1260.1220.1180.120.1620.1960.20768.60659.72664.93952.37834.95131.94335.8433.93239.3142.083 1.708 1.489 1.354 1.245 1.276 1.746 2.121 2.2574.836 2.626 2.609 3.15 3.664 3.926 4.408 4.537 4.61810.048.3217.466 6.737 6.717 6.8519.1710.08810.195 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a2.314 2.242 2.319 2.321 2.447 2.6113.317 3.9794.589 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a71.12761.87860.41360.64559.10562.65888.079109.414115.552 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a0.0730.0820.090.0990.1090.1190.1350.1520.1718.6729.6989.1419.46114.87 6.4967.8918.3057.60516.8417.24317.21415.12916.10118.8313.81612.9112.27723.52325.7630.47937.25441.88848.84154.07677.35992.53。

美国主要经济指标解读与公布时间:由于美圆在外汇市场中的地位，以及绝大多数的外汇交易都是以美圆为中心的交易等原因，美国的经济数据在汇市中最为引人注目。

以下是一些重要经济指标的理论上的观察方法和结论，但在实际运用中情况会复杂得多：1.国内生产总值（GDP）：是指某一国在一定时期其境内生产的全部最终产品和服务的总值。

反映一个国家总体经济形势的好坏，与经济增长密切相关，被大多数西方经济学家视为“最富有综合性的经济动态指标”。

主要由消费、私人投资、政府支出、净出口额四部分组成。

数据稳定增长，表明经济蓬勃发展，国民收入增加，有利于美圆汇率；反之，则利淡。

一般情况下，如果GDP连续两个季度下降，则被视为衰退。

此数据每季度由美国商务部进行统计，分为初值、修正值、终值。

一般在每季度末的某日北京时间21：30公布前一个季度的终值。

2.工业生产（INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION）：指某国工业生产部门在一定时间内生产的全部工业产品的总价值。

在国内生产总值中占有很大比重。

由于工业部门雇佣了大量工人，其变动对整个国民经济有着重大影响，与汇率呈正相关。

尤其以制造业为代表。

此数据由美联储统计并在每月15日左右晚间21：15或22；15发布。

3.失业率（UNEMPLOYMENT RATE）：经济发展的晴雨表，与经济周期密切相关。

数据上升说明经济发展受阻，反之则看好。

对于大多数西方国家来说，失业率在4%左右为正常水平，但如果超过9%，则说明经济处于衰退。

此数据由美国劳工部编制，每月第一个周五21：30公布。

4.贸易赤字（TRADE DIFICIT）：国际间的贸易是构成经济活动的重要环节。

当一国出口大于进口时称为贸易顺差；反之，称逆差。

美国的贸易数据一直处于逆差状态，重点是在赤字的扩大或缩小。

赤字扩大不利于美圆，反之则有利。

此数据由美国商务部编制，每月中、下旬某日晚间21：30公布前一个月数字。

5.经常项目收支：经常帐为一国收支表上的主要项目，内容记载一国与外国包括因为商品/劳务进出口、投资所得、其他商品与劳务所得以及片面转移等因素所产生的资金流出与流入的状况。

国外银发经济发展：现状、成因与科技创新目录一、内容概览 (2)二、国外银发经济发展现状 (2)1. 银发经济发展概述 (3)1.1 定义与背景 (5)1.2 全球银发经济的重要性 (5)1.3 国外银发经济发展的总体趋势 (6)2. 不同国家银发经济发展状况 (8)2.1 欧洲银发经济发展 (8)2.2 北美银发经济发展 (10)2.3 日本银发经济发展 (11)2.4 其他国家银发经济发展状况 (12)三、国外银发经济成因分析 (13)1. 人口结构变化 (15)1.1 人口老龄化趋势 (16)1.2 人口结构变化对银发经济的影响 (17)2. 消费需求转变 (18)2.1 老年人群体的消费特点 (19)2.2 消费需求转变推动银发产业发展 (20)3. 政策扶持与鼓励 (21)3.1 政府政策支持银发经济发展 (22)3.2 相关法律法规保障银发市场运行 (23)四、国外银发科技创新与应用 (24)1. 智能化养老产品与服务创新 (26)1.1 智能穿戴设备在养老领域的应用 (27)1.2 智能家居与养老服务机器人 (28)2. 互联网与医疗健康结合推动银发经济发展 (29)2.1 远程医疗与健康管理的普及与应用 (30)2.2 互联网医疗服务平台的优势与发展趋势 (32)3. 新技术在提高银发生活质量中的应用与创新点研究展望等 (33)一、内容概览随着全球人口老龄化趋势的加剧，银发经济发展已成为国际社会关注的焦点。

本文档将对国外银发经济发展的现状、成因以及科技创新进行深入分析，以期为相关政策制定和产业发展提供有益参考。

我们将梳理国外银发经济发展的现状，包括各国政府在应对老龄化问题方面的政策措施、银发产业的市场规模、就业状况等方面的数据。

通过对这些数据的分析，我们可以了解国外银发经济发展的基本情况，为后续研究提供基础。

我们将探讨国外银发经济发展的成因，主要从人口结构、社会保障体系、家庭观念等方面进行分析。