基础物理词汇英文版

bet公式bet formuladlvo理论 dlvo theoryhlb法hydrophile-lipophile balance methodpvt性质 pvt propertyζ电势 zeta potential阿伏加德罗常数avogadro’number阿伏加德罗定律 avogadro law阿累尼乌斯电离理论arrhenius ionization theory阿累尼乌斯方程arrhenius equation阿累尼乌斯活化能 arrhenius activation energy阿马格定律 amagat law艾林方程 erying equation爱因斯坦光化当量定律einstein’s law of photochemical equivalence爱因斯坦－斯托克斯方程 einstein-stokes equation安托万常数 antoine constant安托万方程 antoine equation盎萨格电导理论onsager’s theory of conductance半电池half cell半衰期half time period饱和液体 saturated liquids饱和蒸气 saturated vapor饱和吸附量 saturated extent of adsorption饱和蒸气压 saturated vapor pressure爆炸界限 explosion limits比表面功 specific surface work比表面吉布斯函数 specific surface gibbs function比浓粘度 reduced viscosity标准电动势 standard electromotive force标准电极电势 standard electrode potential标准摩尔反应焓 standard molar reaction enthalpy标准摩尔反应吉布斯函数standard gibbs function of molar reaction标准摩尔反应熵 standard molar reaction entropy标准摩尔焓函数 standard molar enthalpy function标准摩尔吉布斯自由能函数standard molar gibbs free energy function标准摩尔燃烧焓 standard molar combustion enthalpy标准摩尔熵 standard molar entropy标准摩尔生成焓 standard molar formation enthalpy标准摩尔生成吉布斯函数standard molar formation gibbs function标准平衡常数 standard equilibrium constant标准氢电极 standard hydrogen electrode标准态 standard state标准熵 standard entropy标准压力 standard pressure标准状况 standard condition表观活化能apparent activation energy表观摩尔质量 apparent molecular weight表观迁移数apparent transference number表面 surfaces表面过程控制 surface process control表面活性剂surfactants表面吸附量 surface excess表面张力 surface tension表面质量作用定律 surface mass action law波义尔定律 boyle law波义尔温度 boyle temperature波义尔点 boyle point玻尔兹曼常数 boltzmann constant玻尔兹曼分布 boltzmann distribution玻尔兹曼公式 boltzmann formula玻尔兹曼熵定理 boltzmann entropy theorem玻色－爱因斯坦统计bose-einstein statistics泊poise不可逆过程 irreversible process不可逆过程热力学thermodynamics of irreversible processes 不可逆相变化 irreversible phase change布朗运动 brownian movement查理定律charle’s law产率 yield敞开系统 open system超电势 over potential沉降 sedimentation沉降电势 sedimentation potential沉降平衡 sedimentation equilibrium触变 thixotropy粗分散系统 thick disperse system催化剂 catalyst单分子层吸附理论 mono molecule layer adsorption单分子反应 unimolecular reaction单链反应 straight chain reactions弹式量热计 bomb calorimeter道尔顿定律 dalton law道尔顿分压定律 dalton partial pressure law德拜和法尔肯哈根效应debye and falkenhagen effect德拜立方公式 debye cubic formula德拜－休克尔极限公式 debye-huckel’s limiting equation 等焓过程 isenthalpic process等焓线isenthalpic line等几率定理 theorem of equal probability等温等容位helmholtz free energy等温等压位gibbs free energy等温方程 equation at constant temperature低共熔点 eutectic point低共熔混合物 eutectic mixture低会溶点 lower consolute point低熔冰盐合晶 cryohydric第二类永动机 perpetual machine of the second kind第三定律熵 third-law entropy第一类永动机 perpetual machine of the first kind缔合化学吸附 association chemical adsorption电池常数 cell constant电池电动势 electromotive force of cells电池反应 cell reaction电导 conductance电导率 conductivity电动势的温度系数 temperature coefficient of electromotive force电动电势 zeta potential电功electric work电化学 electrochemistry电化学极化 electrochemical polarization电极电势 electrode potential电极反应 reactions on the electrode电极种类 type of electrodes电解池 electrolytic cell电量计 coulometer电流效率current efficiency电迁移 electro migration电迁移率 electromobility电渗 electroosmosis电渗析 electrodialysis电泳 electrophoresis丁达尔效应 dyndall effect定容摩尔热容 molar heat capacity under constant volume 定容温度计 constant voiume thermometer定压摩尔热容 molar heat capacity under constant pressure 定压温度计 constant pressure thermometer定域子系统 localized particle system动力学方程kinetic equations动力学控制 kinetics control独立子系统 independent particle system对比摩尔体积 reduced mole volume对比体积 reduced volume对比温度 reduced temperature对比压力 reduced pressure对称数 symmetry number对行反应reversible reactions对应状态原理 principle of corresponding state多方过程polytropic process多分子层吸附理论adsorption theory of multi-molecular layers二级反应second order reaction二级相变second order phase change法拉第常数 faraday constant法拉第定律faraday’s law反电动势back e.m.f.反渗透 reverse osmosis反应分子数 molecularity反应级数 reaction orders反应进度 extent of reaction反应热heat of reaction反应速率rate of reaction反应速率常数 constant of reaction rate范德华常数 van der waals constant范德华方程 van der waals equation范德华力 van der waals force范德华气体 van der waals gases范特霍夫方程van’t hoff equation范特霍夫规则van’t hoff rule范特霍夫渗透压公式van’t hoff equation of osmotic pressure非基元反应 non-elementary reactions非体积功 non-volume work非依时计量学反应time independent stoichiometric reactions菲克扩散第一定律fick’s first law of diffusion沸点 boiling point沸点升高 elevation of boiling point费米－狄拉克统计fermi-dirac statistics分布 distribution分布数 distribution numbers分解电压 decomposition voltage分配定律 distribution law分散系统 disperse system分散相 dispersion phase分体积 partial volume分体积定律 partial volume law分压 partial pressure分压定律 partial pressure law分子反应力学 mechanics of molecular reactions分子间力 intermolecular force分子蒸馏molecular distillation封闭系统 closed system附加压力 excess pressure弗罗因德利希吸附经验式freundlich empirical formula of adsorption负极 negative pole负吸附 negative adsorption复合反应composite reaction盖·吕萨克定律 gay-lussac law盖斯定律 hess law甘汞电极 calomel electrode感胶离子序 lyotropic series杠杆规则 lever rule高分子溶液 macromolecular solution高会溶点 upper consolute point隔离法the isolation method格罗塞斯－德雷珀定律 grotthus-draoer’s law隔离系统 isolated system根均方速率 root-mean-square speed功 work功函work content共轭溶液 conjugate solution共沸温度 azeotropic temperature构型熵configurational entropy孤立系统 isolated system固溶胶 solid sol固态混合物 solid solution固相线 solid phase line光反应 photoreaction光化学第二定律 the second law of actinochemistry光化学第一定律 the first law of actinochemistry光敏反应 photosensitized reactions光谱熵 spectrum entropy广度性质 extensive property广延量 extensive quantity广延性质 extensive property规定熵 stipulated entropy过饱和溶液 oversaturated solution过饱和蒸气 oversaturated vapor过程 process过渡状态理论 transition state theory过冷水 super-cooled water过冷液体 overcooled liquid过热液体 overheated liquid亥姆霍兹函数 helmholtz function亥姆霍兹函数判据 helmholtz function criterion亥姆霍兹自由能 helmholtz free energy亥氏函数 helmholtz function焓 enthalpy亨利常数 henry constant亨利定律 henry law恒沸混合物 constant boiling mixture恒容摩尔热容 molar heat capacity at constant volume 恒容热 heat at constant volume恒外压 constant external pressure恒压摩尔热容 molar heat capacity at constant pressure恒压热 heat at constant pressure化学动力学chemical kinetics化学反应计量式stoichiometric equation of chemical reaction化学反应计量系数stoichiometric coefficient of chemical reaction化学反应进度 extent of chemical reaction化学亲合势 chemical affinity化学热力学chemical thermodynamics化学势 chemical potential化学势判据 chemical potential criterion化学吸附 chemisorptions环境 environment环境熵变 entropy change in environment挥发度volatility混合熵 entropy of mixing混合物 mixture活度 activity活化控制 activation control活化络合物理论 activated complex theory活化能activation energy霍根-华森图 hougen-watson chart基态能级 energy level at ground state基希霍夫公式 kirchhoff formula基元反应elementary reactions积分溶解热 integration heat of dissolution吉布斯－杜亥姆方程 gibbs-duhem equation吉布斯－亥姆霍兹方程 gibbs-helmhotz equation吉布斯函数 gibbs function吉布斯函数判据 gibbs function criterion吉布斯吸附公式gibbs adsorption formula吉布斯自由能 gibbs free energy吉氏函数 gibbs function极化电极电势 polarization potential of electrode 极化曲线 polarization curves极化作用 polarization极限摩尔电导率 limiting molar conductivity几率因子 steric factor计量式 stoichiometric equation计量系数 stoichiometric coefficient价数规则 rule of valence简并度 degeneracy键焓bond enthalpy胶冻 broth jelly胶核 colloidal nucleus胶凝作用 demulsification胶束micelle胶体 colloid胶体分散系统 dispersion system of colloid胶体化学 collochemistry胶体粒子 colloidal particles胶团 micelle焦耳joule焦耳-汤姆生实验 joule-thomson experiment焦耳-汤姆生系数 joule-thomson coefficient焦耳-汤姆生效应 joule-thomson effect焦耳定律 joule`s law接触电势contact potential接触角 contact angle节流过程 throttling process节流膨胀 throttling expansion节流膨胀系数 coefficient of throttling expansion结线 tie line结晶热heat of crystallization解离化学吸附 dissociation chemical adsorption界面 interfaces界面张力 surface tension浸湿 immersion wetting浸湿功 immersion wetting work精馏 rectify聚（合）电解质polyelectrolyte聚沉 coagulation聚沉值 coagulation value绝对反应速率理论 absolute reaction rate theory绝对熵 absolute entropy绝对温标absolute temperature scale绝热过程 adiabatic process绝热量热计adiabatic calorimeter绝热指数 adiabatic index卡诺定理 carnot theorem卡诺循环 carnot cycle开尔文公式 kelvin formula柯诺瓦洛夫－吉布斯定律 konovalov-gibbs law科尔劳施离子独立运动定律kohlrausch’s law of independent migration of ions可能的电解质potential electrolyte可逆电池 reversible cell可逆过程 reversible process可逆过程方程 reversible process equation可逆体积功 reversible volume work可逆相变 reversible phase change克拉佩龙方程 clapeyron equation克劳修斯不等式 clausius inequality克劳修斯－克拉佩龙方程 clausius-clapeyron equation控制步骤 control step库仑计 coulometer扩散控制 diffusion controlled拉普拉斯方程laplace’s equation拉乌尔定律 raoult law兰格缪尔－欣谢尔伍德机理langmuir-hinshelwood mechanism兰格缪尔吸附等温式 langmuir adsorption isotherm formula 雷利公式 rayleigh equation冷冻系数coefficient of refrigeration冷却曲线 cooling curve离解热heat of dissociation离解压力dissociation pressure离域子系统 non-localized particle systems离子的标准摩尔生成焓 standard molar formation of ion离子的电迁移率 mobility of ions离子的迁移数transport number of ions离子独立运动定律 law of the independent migration of ions 离子氛 ionic atmosphere离子强度 ionic strength理想混合物 perfect mixture理想气体 ideal gas接触电势contact potential接触角 contact angle节流过程 throttling process节流膨胀 throttling expansion节流膨胀系数 coefficient of throttling expansion结线 tie line结晶热heat of crystallization解离化学吸附 dissociation chemical adsorption界面 interfaces界面张力 surface tension浸湿 immersion wetting浸湿功 immersion wetting work精馏 rectify聚（合）电解质polyelectrolyte聚沉 coagulation聚沉值 coagulation value绝对反应速率理论 absolute reaction rate theory绝对熵 absolute entropy绝对温标absolute temperature scale绝热过程 adiabatic process绝热量热计adiabatic calorimeter绝热指数 adiabatic index卡诺定理 carnot theorem卡诺循环 carnot cycle开尔文公式 kelvin formula柯诺瓦洛夫－吉布斯定律 konovalov-gibbs law科尔劳施离子独立运动定律kohlrausch’s law of independent migration of ions可能的电解质potential electrolyte可逆电池 reversible cell可逆过程 reversible process可逆过程方程 reversible process equation可逆体积功 reversible volume work可逆相变 reversible phase change克拉佩龙方程 clapeyron equation克劳修斯不等式 clausius inequality克劳修斯－克拉佩龙方程 clausius-clapeyron equation控制步骤 control step库仑计 coulometer扩散控制 diffusion controlled拉普拉斯方程laplace’s equation拉乌尔定律 raoult law兰格缪尔－欣谢尔伍德机理langmuir-hinshelwood mechanism兰格缪尔吸附等温式 langmuir adsorption isotherm formula 雷利公式 rayleigh equation冷冻系数coefficient of refrigeration冷却曲线 cooling curve离解热heat of dissociation离解压力dissociation pressure离域子系统 non-localized particle systems离子的标准摩尔生成焓 standard molar formation of ion离子的电迁移率 mobility of ions离子的迁移数transport number of ions离子独立运动定律 law of the independent migration of ions 离子氛 ionic atmosphere离子强度 ionic strength理想混合物 perfect mixture理想气体 ideal gas理想气体的绝热指数 adiabatic index of ideal gases理想气体的微观模型 micro-model of ideal gas理想气体反应的等温方程isothermal equation of ideal gaseous reactions理想气体绝热可逆过程方程adiabatic reversible processequation of ideal gases理想气体状态方程 state equation of ideal gas理想稀溶液 ideal dilute solution理想液态混合物 perfect liquid mixture粒子 particles粒子的配分函数 partition function of particles连串反应consecutive reactions链的传递物 chain carrier链反应 chain reactions量热熵 calorimetric entropy量子统计quantum statistics量子效率 quantum yield临界参数 critical parameter临界常数 critical constant临界点 critical point临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration临界摩尔体积 critical molar volume临界温度 critical temperature临界压力 critical pressure临界状态 critical state零级反应zero order reaction流动电势 streaming potential流动功 flow work笼罩效应 cage effect路易斯－兰德尔逸度规则 lewis-randall rule of fugacity 露点 dew point露点线 dew point line麦克斯韦关系式 maxwell relations麦克斯韦速率分布 maxwell distribution of speeds麦克斯韦能量分布 maxwelidistribution of energy毛细管凝结 condensation in capillary毛细现象 capillary phenomena米凯利斯常数 michaelis constant摩尔电导率 molar conductivity摩尔反应焓 molar reaction enthalpy摩尔混合熵 mole entropy of mixing摩尔气体常数 molar gas constant摩尔热容 molar heat capacity摩尔溶解焓 mole dissolution enthalpy摩尔稀释焓 mole dilution enthalpy内扩散控制 internal diffusions control内能 internal energy内压力 internal pressure能级 energy levels能级分布 energy level distribution能量均分原理 principle of the equipartition of energy 能斯特方程 nernst equation能斯特热定理 nernst heat theorem凝固点 freezing point凝固点降低 lowering of freezing point凝固点曲线 freezing point curve凝胶 gelatin凝聚态 condensed state凝聚相 condensed phase浓差超电势 concentration over-potential浓差极化 concentration polarization浓差电池 concentration cells帕斯卡pascal泡点 bubble point泡点线 bubble point line配分函数 partition function配分函数的析因子性质 property that partition function to be expressed as a product of the separate partition functions for each kind of state碰撞截面 collision cross section碰撞数 the number of collisions偏摩尔量 partial mole quantities平衡常数（理想气体反应）equilibrium constants for reactions of ideal gases平动配分函数 partition function of translation平衡分布 equilibrium distribution平衡态 equilibrium state平衡态近似法 equilibrium state approximation平衡状态图 equilibrium state diagram平均活度 mean activity平均活度系统 mean activity coefficient平均摩尔热容 mean molar heat capacity平均质量摩尔浓度 mean mass molarity平均自由程mean free path平行反应parallel reactions破乳 demulsification铺展 spreading普遍化范德华方程 universal van der waals equation其它功 the other work气化热heat of vaporization气溶胶 aerosol气体常数 gas constant气体分子运动论 kinetic theory of gases气体分子运动论的基本方程 foundamental equation of kinetic theory of gases气溶胶 aerosol气相线 vapor line迁移数 transport number潜热latent heat强度量 intensive quantity强度性质 intensive property亲液溶胶 hydrophilic sol氢电极 hydrogen electrodes区域熔化zone melting热 heat热爆炸 heat explosion热泵 heat pump热功当量mechanical equivalent of heat热函heat content热化学thermochemistry热化学方程thermochemical equation热机 heat engine热机效率 efficiency of heat engine热力学 thermodynamics热力学第二定律 the second law of thermodynamics热力学第三定律 the third law of thermodynamics热力学第一定律 the first law of thermodynamics热力学基本方程 fundamental equation of thermodynamics 热力学几率 thermodynamic probability热力学能 thermodynamic energy热力学特性函数characteristic thermodynamic function热力学温标thermodynamic scale of temperature热力学温度thermodynamic temperature热熵thermal entropy热效应heat effect熔点曲线 melting point curve熔化热heat of fusion溶胶 colloidal sol溶解焓 dissolution enthalpy溶液 solution溶胀 swelling乳化剂 emulsifier乳状液 emulsion润湿 wetting润湿角 wetting angle萨克尔－泰特洛德方程 sackur-tetrode equation 三相点 triple point三相平衡线 triple-phase line熵 entropy熵判据 entropy criterion熵增原理 principle of entropy increase渗透压 osmotic pressure渗析法 dialytic process生成反应 formation reaction升华热heat of sublimation实际气体 real gas舒尔采－哈迪规则 schulze-hardy rule松驰力relaxation force松驰时间time of relaxation速度常数reaction rate constant速率方程rate equations速率控制步骤rate determining step塔费尔公式 tafel equation态－态反应 state-state reactions唐南平衡 donnan equilibrium淌度 mobility特鲁顿规则 trouton rule特性粘度 intrinsic viscosity体积功 volume work统计权重 statistical weight统计热力学 statistic thermodynamics统计熵 statistic entropy途径 path途径函数 path function外扩散控制 external diffusion control完美晶体 perfect crystalline完全气体 perfect gas微观状态 microstate微态 microstate韦斯顿标准电池 weston standard battery维恩效应wien effect维里方程 virial equation维里系数 virial coefficient稳流过程 steady flow process稳态近似法 stationary state approximation无热溶液athermal solution无限稀溶液 solutions in the limit of extreme dilution 物理化学 physical chemistry物理吸附 physisorptions吸附 adsorption吸附等量线 adsorption isostere吸附等温线 adsorption isotherm吸附等压线 adsorption isobar吸附剂 adsorbent吸附量 extent of adsorption吸附热 heat of adsorption吸附质 adsorbate析出电势 evolution or deposition potential析因子性质 property that partition function to be expressed as a product of the separate partition functions for each kind of state稀溶液的依数性 colligative properties of dilute solutions稀释焓 dilution enthalpy系统 system系统点 system point系统的环境 environment of system相 phase相变 phase change相变焓 enthalpy of phase change相变化 phase change相变热 heat of phase change相点 phase point相对挥发度relative volatility相对粘度 relative viscosity相律 phase rule相平衡热容heat capacity in phase equilibrium相图 phase diagram相倚子系统 system of dependent particles悬浮液 suspension循环过程 cyclic process压力商 pressure quotient压缩因子 compressibility factor压缩因子图 diagram of compressibility factor亚稳状态 metastable state盐桥 salt bridge盐析 salting out阳极 anode杨氏方程young’s equation液体接界电势 liquid junction potential液相线 liquid phase lines一级反应first order reaction一级相变first order phase change依时计量学反应 time dependent stoichiometric reactions 逸度 fugacity逸度系数 coefficient of fugacity阴极 cathode荧光 fluorescence永动机 perpetual motion machine永久气体 permanent gas有效能 available energy原电池 primary cell原盐效应 salt effect增比粘度 specific viscosity憎液溶胶 lyophobic sol沾湿 adhesional wetting沾湿功 the work of adhesional wetting真溶液 true solution真实电解质real electrolyte真实气体 real gas真实迁移数true transference number振动配分函数 partition function of vibration振动特征温度 characteristic temperature of vibration蒸气压下降 depression of vapor pressure正常沸点 normal point正吸附 positive adsorption支链反应 branched chain reactions直链反应 straight chain reactions指前因子 pre-exponential factor质量作用定律mass action law制冷系数coefficient of refrigeration中和热heat of neutralization轴功 shaft work转动配分函数 partition function of rotation转动特征温度 characteristic temperature of vibration 转化率 convert ratio转化温度conversion temperature状态 state状态方程 state equation状态分布 state distribution状态函数 state function准静态过程quasi-static process准一级反应 pseudo first order reaction自动催化作用 auto-catalysis自由度 degree of freedom自由度数 number of degree of freedom自由焓free enthalpy自由能free energy自由膨胀free expansion组分数 component number最低恒沸点 lower azeotropic point最高恒沸点 upper azeotropic point最佳反应温度 optimal reaction temperature最可几分布 most probable distribution最可几速率 most propable speed。

高中数学物理的英文词汇angle of emergence 出射角light beam 光束，光柱angle of incidence 入射角light ray 光线angle of reflection 反射角light source 光源angle of refraction 折射角mains frequency 市电频率apparent depth 视深medium 介质binoculars 双筒望远镜melt 熔化boil 沸腾，煮沸melting point 熔点boiler 锅炉microwave 微波boiling point 沸点mirage 海市蜃楼，蜃景Celsius temperature scale 摄氏温标mirror 镜change of state 物态变化multiple image 复像colour 颜色multiple reflection 多次反射condensation 凝结，凝聚mutually perpendicular 互相垂直的condensation point 凝点，凝结点normal 法线coolant 冷却剂object 物，物体cooling curve 冷却曲 object distance 物距critical angle 临界角optical fibre 光导纤维，光纤degree 度optical illusion 光幻象，视错觉degree Celsius 摄氏度optically denser medium 光密介质deviation 偏向，偏差optically less dense medium 光疏介质device 装置，设计，器件optics 光学diffuse reflection 漫反射ordinary ray 寻常光emergent ray 出射线 periscope 潜望镜evaporation 蒸发plane mirror 平面镜freeze 凝固polystyrene cup 聚苯乙烯杯freezing point 凝固点prism 稜镜frequency 频率property 性质fusion point 熔点radio frequency 射频，无线电广播频率glass fibre 玻璃纤维ray 光线heat 热，热量，加热，热学ray box 光线箱heat capacity 热容量ray diagram 光线图heat exchange 热交换real depth 实深heat transfer 热传递，热转移reflected ray 反射heater 发热器，加热器reflection 反射hertz 赫兹，赫refracted ray 折射image 像refracting angle 折射稜角image distance 像距refraction 折射immerse 浸没refractive index 折射率immersion heater 浸没式电热器satellite communication 卫星通讯incident ray 入射 semicircular glass block 半圆玻璃块infra-red detector 红外线探测器slope 斜率infra-red radiation 红外辐射solid state 固态infra-red ray 红外线 solidification 凝固internal energy 内能solidifying point 凝固点latent heat 潜热specific heat capacity 比热容量，比热容lateral inversion 横向倒置specific latent heat 比潜热law 定律specific latent heat of fusion 熔解比潜热law of reflection 反射定律specific latent heat of vaporization 汽化比潜热law of refraction 折射定律speed of light 光速light 光，光学state 态sublimation 升华temperature 温度theory 理论thermal capacity 热容量thermometer 温度计triangular prism 三稜镜，三角稜镜ultra high frequency 超高频ultra-violet radiation 紫外辐射ultra-violet ray 紫外vaporization 汽化vapour 蒸气，汽very high frequency 甚高频vibration 振动virtual image 虚像visible light 可见光visible spectrum 可见光谱water vapour 水蒸气，水汽white light 白光X-ray X射zeroth law of thermodynamics 热力学第零定律代数ALGEBRA1. 数论natural number 自然数positive number 正数negative number 负数odd integer, oddnumber 奇数even integer, even number 偶数integer, whole number 整数positivewhole number 正整数negative whole number 负整数consecutive number 连续整数realnumber, rational number 实数,有理数irrational（number）无理数inverse 倒数compositenumber 合数e.g. 4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15… prime number 质数e.g.2,3,5,7,11,13,15…reciprocal 倒数common divisor 公约数multiple 倍数(minimum) common multiple (最小)公倍数(prime) factor (质)因子common factor 公因子ordinary scale, decimalscale 十进制nonnegative 非负的tens 十位units 个位mode 众数mean平均数median中值commonratio 公比2. 基本数学概念arithmetic mean 算术平均值weighted average 加权平均值geometric mean 几何平均数exponent指数，幂base 乘幂的底数,底边cube 立方数，立方体square root 平方根cube root 立方根common logarithm常用对数digit 数字constant 常数variable 变量inverse function 反函数complementaryfunction 余函数linear 一次的，线性的factorization 因式分解absolute value 绝对值，e.g.｜-32｜=32 round off 四舍五入数学3. 基本运算add，plus 加subtract 减difference 差multiply, times 乘product 积divide 除divisible 可被整除的divided evenly 被整除dividend 被除数，红利divisor 因子，除数，公约数quotient 商remainder 余数factorial 阶乘power 乘方radical sign, root sign 根号round to 四舍五入to the nearest 四舍五入4. 代数式，方程，不等式algebraic term 代数项like terms, similar terms 同类项numerical coefficient数字系数literal coefficient 字母系数inequality 不等式triangle inequality三角不等式range 值域original equation 原方程equivalent equation 同解方程，等价方程linear equation 线性方程(e.g.5x+6=22)5. 分数，小数proper fraction 真分数improper fraction 假分数mixed number 带分数vulgarfraction，common fraction 普通分数simple fraction 简分数complex fraction 繁分数numerator 分子denominator 分母(least) common denominator （最小）公分母quarter四分之一decimal fraction 纯小数infinite decimal 无穷小数recurring decimal 循环小数tenths unit 十分位6. 集合union 并集proper subset 真子集solution set 解集7. 数列arithmetic progression(sequence) 等差数列geometric progression(sequence) 等比数列8. 其它approximate 近似(anti)clockwise (逆) 顺时针方向cardinal 基数ordinal 序数directproportion 正比distinct 不同的estimation 估计，近似parentheses 括号proportion 比例permutation 排列combination 组合table 表格trigonometric function 三角函数unit 单位,位几何GEOMETRY1. 角alternate angle 内错角corresponding angle 同位角vertical angle 对顶角central angle圆心角interior angle 内角exterior angle 外角supplementary angles 补角complementaryangle 余角adjacent angle 邻角acute angle 锐角obtuse angle 钝角right angle 直角round angle 周角straight angle 平角included angle 夹角2. 三角形equilateral triangle 等边三角形scalene triangle 不等边三角形isosceles triangle 等腰三角形right triangle 直角三角形oblique 斜三角形inscribed triangle 内接三角形3. 收敛的平面图形，除三角形外semicircle 半圆concentric circles 同心圆quadrilateral 四边形pentagon 五边形hexagon六边形heptagon 七边形octagon 八边形nonagon 九边形decagon 十边形polygon 多边形parallelogram 平行四边形equilateral 等边形plane 平面square 正方形，平方rectangle 长方形regular polygon 正多边形rhombus 菱形trapezoid 梯形4. 其它平面图形arc 弧line, straight line 直线line segment 线段parallel lines 平行线segment of acircle 弧形5. 立体图形cube 立方体，立方数rectangular solid 长方体regular solid/regular polyhedron正多面体circular cylinder 圆柱体cone 圆锥sphere 球体solid 立体的6. 图形的附属概念plane geometry 平面几何trigonometry 三角学bisect 平分circumscribe 外切inscribe内切intersect 相交perpendicular 垂直Pythagorean theorem 勾股定理（毕达哥拉斯定理）congruent全等的multilateral 多边的altitude 高depth 深度side 边长circumference, perimeter周长radian 弧度surface area 表面积volume 体积arm 直角三角形的股cross section 横截面center of a circle 圆心chord 弦diameter 直径radius 半径angle bisector 角平分线diagonal 对角线化edge 棱face of a solid 立体的面hypotenuse 斜边included side 夹边leg三角形的直角边median（三角形的）中线base 底边，底数（e.g. 2的5次方，2就是底数）opposite 直角三角形中的对边midpoint 中点endpoint 端点vertex (复数形式vertices)顶点tangent 切线的transversal 截线intercept 截距7. 坐标coordinate system 坐标系rectangular coordinate 直角坐标系origin 原点abscissa 横坐标ordinate 纵坐标number line 数轴quadrant 象限slope 斜率complex plane 复平面8. 计量单位cent 美分penny 一美分硬币nickel 5美分硬币dime 一角硬币dozen 打（12个）score 廿(20个)Centigrade 摄氏Fahrenheit 华氏quart 夸脱gallon 加仑(1 gallon = 4 quart) yard 码meter 米micron 微米inch 英寸foot 英尺minute 分(角度的度量单位，60分=1度) square measure平方单位制cubic meter 立方米pint 品脱(干量或液量的单位)代数部分porabola 抛物线sequence数列1.有关数学运算add，plus加\subtract减\difference差\\multiply,times乘\product积\divide除\divisible可被整除的\dividedevenly被整除\dividend被除数，红利\divisor因子，除数\quotient商\remainder余数\\factorial阶乘\power乘方\radicalsign,rootsign根号\roundto四舍五入\tothenearest四舍五入2.有关集合union并集\proper subset真子集\solution set解集\\3. 有关代数式、方程和不等式algebraic term代数项\like terms,similar terms同类项\numerical coefficient数字系数\literal coefficient字母系数\\inequality不等式\triangle inequality三角不等式\\range值域\\original equation原方程\equivalentequation同解方程，等价方程\linear equation线性方程(e.g.5 x +6=22)\4. 有关分数和小数proper fraction真分数\improper fraction假分数\mixed number带分数\vulgar fraction，common fraction普通分数\simple fraction简分数\complex fraction繁分数\\numerator分子\denominator分母\(least)common denominator(最小)公分母\quarter 四分之一\decimal fraction纯小数\infinite decimal无穷小数\recurring decimal循环小数\tenthsunit十分位\\5.基本数学概念\\arithmetic mean算术平均值\weighted average加权平均值\geometric mean几何平均数\\exponent指数，幂\base乘幂的底数,底边\cube立方数，立方体\square root平方根\cuberoot立方根\\common logarithm常用对数\\digit数字\constant常数\variable变量\\inversefunction反函数\complementary function余函数\linear一次的，线性的\factorization因式分解\absolute value绝对值，e.g.｜-32｜=32\round off四舍五入\6. 有关数论\natural number自然数\positive number正数\negative number负数\odd integer,odd number奇数\even integer,even number偶数\integer,whole number整数\positive whole number正整数\negative whole number负整数\\consecutive number连续整数\rea lnumber,rationalnumber实数,有理数\irrational(number)无理数\\inverse倒数\composite number合数e.g.4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15……\prime number质数e.g.2,3,5,7,11,13,15……注意：所有的质数(2除外)都是奇数，但奇数不一定是质数reciprocal倒数\\common divisor 公约数\multiple倍数\(least)common multiple(最小)公倍数\\(prime)factor(质)因子\common factor公因子\\ordinaryscale,decimalscale十进制\nonnegative非负的\\tens十位\units个位\\mode众数\median中数\\common ratio公比\\7. 数列arithmetic progression(sequence)等差数列\geometricprogression(sequence)等比数列\\8. 其它\approximate近似\(anti)clockwise(逆)顺时针方向\cardinal基数\ordinal序数\directproportion正比\distinct不同的\estimation估计，近似\parentheses括号\proportion比例\permutation排列\combination组合\table表格\trigonometric function三角函数\unit单位,位\几何部分1.所有的角alternate angle内错角\corresponding angle同位角\vertical angle对顶角\central angle圆心角\interior angle内角\exterior angle外角\supplement aryangles 补角\complementaryangle余角\adjacent angle邻角\acute angle锐角\obtuse angle钝角\right angle直角\round angle周角\straight angle平角\included angle夹角\\2. 所有的三角形equilateral triangle等边三角形\scalene triangle不等边三角形\isosceles triangle等腰三角形\right triangle直角三角形\oblique斜三角形\inscribed triangle 内接三角形\\3. 有关收敛的平面图形，除三角形外\semicircle半圆\concentric circles同心圆\quadrilateral四边形\pentagon五边形\hexagon六边形\heptagon七边形\octagon八边形\nonagon九边形\decagon十边形\polygon多边形\parallelogram平行四边形\equilateral等边形\plane平面\square正方形，平方\rectangle 长方形\regularpolygon正多边形\rhombus菱形\trapezoid梯形\\4. 其它平面图形arc弧\line,straight line直线\line segment线段\parallel lines平行线\segment of acircle弧形\\5. 有关立体图形cube立方体，立方数\rectangular solid长方体\regular solid/regular polyhedron正多面体\circular cylinder圆柱体\cone圆锥\sphere球体\solid立体的\\6. 有关图形上的附属物altitude高\depth深度\side边长\circumference,perimeter周长\radian 弧度\surface area表面积\volume体积\arm直角三角形的股\cros ssection横截面\center of acircle圆心\chord弦\radius半径\angle bisector角平分线\diagonal对角线\diameter直径\edge棱\face of a solid立体的面\hypotenuse斜边\included side夹边\leg三角形的直角边\medianofatriangle三角形的中线\base底边，底数(e.g.2的5次方，2就是底数)\opposite直角三角形中的对边\midpoint中点\endpoint端点\vertex(复数形式vertices)顶点\tangent切线的\transversal截线\intercept截距\\7. 有关坐标\\coordinate system坐标系\rectangular coordinate直角坐标系\origin 原点\abscissa横坐标\ordinate纵坐标\numberline数轴\quadrant象限\slope斜率\complex plane复平面\\8. 其它plane geometry平面几何\trigonometry三角学\bisect平分\circumscribe外切\inscribe内切\intersect相交\perpendicular垂直\pythagorean theorem勾股定理\congruent全等的\multilateral多边的\其它\\1. 单位类\cent美分\penny一美分硬币\nickel5美分硬币\dime一角硬币\dozen打(12个)\score廿(20个)\Centigrade摄氏\Fahrenheit华氏\quart夸脱\gallon加仑(1gallon=4quart)\yard码\meter米\micron微米\inch英寸\foot英尺\minute分(角度的度量单位，60分=1度)\squaremeasure平方单位制\cubicmeter立方米\pint品脱(干量或液量的单位)\\2. 有关文字叙述题，主要是有关商业intercalary year(leapyear)闰年(366天)\common year平年(365天)\depreciation折旧\downpayment直接付款\discount打折\margin利润\profit利润\interest利息\simple interest单利\compounded interest复利\dividend红利\decrease to减少到\decrease by减少了\increase to增加到\increase by增加了\denote表示\list price标价\markup涨价\percapita每人\ratio比率\retail price零售价\tie打平Part 1 foundation chemistry 基础化学Chapter 1acid 酸apparatus 仪器，装置aqueous solution 水溶液arrangement of electrons 电子排列assumption 假设atom 原子（化学变化中的最小粒子）atomic mass 原子量atomic number 原子序数atomic radius 原子半径atomic structure 原子结构be composed of 由……组成bombardment 撞击boundary 界限cathode rays 阴极射线cathode-ray oscilloscope (C.R.O) 阴极电子示波器ceramic 陶器制品charge-clouds 电子云charge-to-mass ratio(e/m) 质荷比（质谱分析时样品质量的测量以质量与其离子电荷之比表示）chemical behaviour 化学行为chemical property 化学性质（物质在化学变化中表现出来的性质）clockwise 顺时针方向的compound 化合物（由不同元素组成的纯净物）configuration 构型copper 铜correspond to 相似corrosive 腐蚀d-block elements d 区元素deflect 使偏向，使转向derive from 源于deuterium 氘diffuse mixture 扩散混合物distance effect 距离效应distil 蒸馏distinguish 区别distribution 分布doubly charged(2+) ion 正二价离子dye 染料effect of electric current in solutions 电流在溶液里的影响electrical charge 电荷electrical field 电场electrically neutral atom 电中性原子electricity 电electrolysis 电解electron 电子（负电荷粒子，电量等于4.77×10-10绝对静电单位）electron shielding 电子屏蔽element 元素（具有相同核电荷数即荷内质子数的一类原子的总称）emission spectrum 发射光谱（根据发射光源和激发能量方式所产生的特征电磁波谱）energy level 能态，能级（稳态能量，有相同主量数的电子壳层）fertiliser 肥料first ionisation energy 一级电离能fluorescent screen 荧光屏fluoride 氟化物fuel 燃料fundamental substance 基础物质fuzzy 模糊的galaxy 星系，银河gas 气体gaseous state 气态gravity 重力GroupⅠ第一族Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle 海森堡测不准原理hydrofluoric acid 氢氟酸identical 同一的，相等的in terms of 根据，在……方面innermost 最内的，最深的interaction 相互作用internal structure 内部结构interpret 解释investigate 研究,调查ionisation energy 电离能（从原子或分子中移走一个电子至无穷远处所需的能量，以电子伏特eV表示）ionise 电离isotope 同位素（原子里具有相同的质子数和不同的中子数的同一元素的原子互称同位素）J.J. Thomson’s e/m experiment 汤姆森质何比实验Latin 拉丁lepton 轻粒子liquid 液体magnet 磁铁magnetic field 磁场Maltese Cross 马耳他十字marble 大理石mass number 质量数matter 物质metal foil 金箔meteorite 陨星microbe 微生物，细菌Millikan’s ‘oil-drop’ ecperiment 密立根油滴实验model-building 模型建筑mole 摩尔（表示一个系统的物质的量的单位，该系统中所包含的基本单元数与12g碳12即12C的原子数目相等,每摩尔物质含有阿佛加德罗常数个微粒）molecule 分子（保持物质的化学性质的最小粒子）narrow beam 狭窄的光线negative electrode（cathode）阴极negligible 可以忽略的neutron 中子nitrate 硝酸盐noble gas 稀有气体normal pressures 常压nuclear charge （原子）核电荷nuclear model for atoms 原子核模型nuclear reaction 核反应nucleus （pl.nuclei）核Orbital 轨道paraffin wax 石蜡particle 微粒，粒子Pauli exclusion principle 保里不相容原理（每个原子轨道至多只能容纳两个电子；而且，这两个电子自旋方向必须相反）Periodic Table 周期表physical property 物理性质（物质不需要发生化学变化就表现出来的性质，如颜色、状态、气味、熔沸点、密度等）plastics 塑料plum-pudding 李子布丁positive charge 正电荷（带有质子的物质，用丝绸摩擦玻璃棒，在棒上会产生正电荷）positive electrode (anode) 阳极positively charged particle (ion) 离子potential difference 电位prediction 预言principal quantum number 主量子数（标示轨道电子的波函数，包括轨道角动量和自旋量子数，电子的能级和距原子核的平均距离主要取决于主量子数）probe 探测，探究protium 氕proton 质子quantum （pl. quanta）量子（一个电子转移到原子的下一层轨道时发出的有限辐射能单位）quantum mechanics 量子力学Quantum Theory 量子理论quark 夸克（组成基本粒子的更小的粒子）radioactive source 放射源repel 排斥repulsion 斥力respectively 分别地rung 梯级scattering effect 散射作用Schr?dinger equation 薛定谔（波动）方程（一偏微分方程，描述基本粒子波动性）scintillation 火花shell 电子壳层shielding effect 屏蔽效应simpler substance 单质（指由同种元素组成的纯净物）solid 固体sphere 球spin 自旋stable state 稳态sub-atomic particle 原子内的粒子subset 子集，小团体successive ionisation energy 逐级电离能symbol 符号symmetry 对称the lowest-energy orbitals 最低能量轨道transition elements 过渡元素tritium 氚X-ray X 射线α-par ticles α粒子，即alpha-particle（带有两个质子和中子的粒子，即氦原子核，对物质的穿透力较强，流速约为光速的1/10）α-ray α 射线β-particles β粒子β-ray β 射线γ-patticles γ粒子γ-rayγ 射线。

物理absolute zero 绝对零度absorption 吸收acceleration 加速；加速度acoustics 声学activator 激活剂alkaline 碱的；碱性的alloy 合金alternating current (AC) 交流电ampere 安培ampere-meter 安培计annealing 退火antiparticle 反粒子atom原子atomic原子的atomic beam 原子束atmosphere 大气层beam splitter 分光膜boson 玻色子calorie 卡calorimetry 量热术cell 电池Celsius temperature 摄氏温度centripetal force 向心力centre of gravity 重心centre of mass 质心centrifugal force 离心力charge 电荷coating 涂层；覆盖collision 碰撞collider 对撞机compass 指南针conservation of energy能量守恒constraint 约束continuum 连续体；连续介质convex 凸起的cosmic ray 宇宙射线coulomb 库伦coupling 耦合critical state 临界状态cross section 截面crystal 晶体crystallization 结晶crystallography 晶体学cyclotron 回旋加速器damping 阻尼decay 衰变diamagnetism 抗磁性dielectrics 电介质；绝缘体diffraction 衍射diffusion 扩散direct current (DC) 直流电discharge 放电dislocation 位错dispersion 色散displacement 位移distortion 畸变divergence发散Doppler effect 多普勒效应drag 阻力drift 漂移dynamics 动力学eddy current 涡电流elastic force 弹性力elasticity 弹性力学electromagnetic 电磁的electret 驻极体electric circuits 电路electric current 电流electric field 电场electricity 电学electric polarization 电极化electric potential 电位electric power 电功率electroacoustics 电声学electrocaloric effect 电热效应electrolytic 电解的electromagnetic 电磁的electromagnetic induction 电磁感应electromagnetic radiation 电磁辐射electromagnetic shielding 电磁屏蔽electromagnetic wave 电磁波electromagnetism 电磁学electron 电子electroscope 验电器electrostatic field 静电场elementary particle 基本粒子enthalpy 焓；热函entropy 熵exciton 激子；激发子farad 法拉ferroelectricity 铁电性fiber optics 纤维光学first cosmic velocity第一宇宙速度fission裂变fluctuation 波动fluid mechanics 流体力学fluorescence 荧光；荧光性force 力free nergy 自由能friction 摩擦fusion聚合galvanometer 电流计gaseous discharge 气体放电generator 发电机；发生器gluon 胶子grating 光栅gravitational interaction 引力相互作用graviton 引力子gravity wve 重力波hadron 强子heat transfer 热传递heavy lepton 重轻子helium 氦holography 全息摄影术humidity 湿度hydrogen 氢hyperon 超子impulse 冲量incandescent lamp 白炽灯inductance 电感inertia 惯性inertial force 惯性力infrared ray 红外线insulator绝缘体ion 离子ionic离子的ionize 电离；使离子化isotope 同位素jet 喷注kinetic energy 动能laser 激光latent heat 潜热lever 杠杆lens 透镜magnet 磁体；磁铁magnetic field 磁场magnetics 磁学magnetization 磁化（强度）mass 质量meson 介子microscope 显微镜molecule 分子moment 力矩momentum 动量multimeter 万用（电）表neucleon 核子neucleus 原子核neutrino 中微子neutron 中子nuclide 核素ohm欧姆ohmmeter欧姆计optics 光学ozone 臭氧层parity 宇称phase 相phosphor 荧光粉photon 光子plasma 等离子体pulley 滑轮pyrometer高温计quark 夸克quartz 石英quenching 淬火reacting force反作用力radar 雷达radiation 辐射radioactivity 辐射性raodiocarbon dating 碳定年recoil反冲reflection 反射resistance 电阻resonance 共振（态）reverberation 混响rolling 轧制screw 螺旋semi-conductor 半导体shock wave 激波；冲击波soild 固体sonar 声呐spectrum 光谱spin 自旋stress 应力superconductivity 超导电性swing振幅synchronizer 同步装置telescope 望远镜temperature 温度tension 张力transistor 晶体管ultrasonic 超声的ultraviolet ray 紫外线universal gravitation万有引力uranium 铀vacuum 真空velocity 速度vibration 振动viscosity 粘性急volt 伏特voltage 电压voltmeter 伏特计vortex 涡旋weld 焊接work 功X ray X射线。

瞬时速度instantaneous velocity[,nstn'teinjs]圆柱形cylinder['silind]械振动mechanical vibration [va'bren]简谐振动simple harmonic oscillation [hɑ:'mnik]振幅amplitude ['mpl,tu:d, -,tju:d]频率frequency ['fri:kwnsi]xxhertz [h:ts]单摆simple pendulum ['pendjulm]受迫振动forced vibration共振resonance ['reznns]机械波mechanical wave介质medium ['mi:djm]横波transverse wave [trns'v:s]纵波longitudinal wave [lndi'tju:dinl]波长wavelength ['wev,lekθ]超声波supersonic wave [,sju:p'snik]速率speed[spi:d]v-t图象v-t graph[ɡrɑ:f]加速度acceleration [k,sel'ren]xxPlanck匀变速直线运动uniform variable rectilinear motion['ju:nif:m] ['vribl] [,rekti'lini]初速度initial velocity[i'nil] [vi'lsiti]自由落体运动free-fall motion自由落体加速free-fall acceleration[k,sel'ren]重力加速度gravitational acceleration [,ɡrvi'teinl] xxGalileo Galilei力force[f:s]xxNewton['nju:tn]重力gravity['ɡrviti]重心center of gravity['sent]万有引力gravitation[,grv'ten]电磁相互electromagnetic interaction[,lektrmg'netk] 强相互作用strong interaction[,ntr'kn]弱相互作用weak interaction形变deformation[,di:f:'men,]弹性形变elastic deformation[i'lstik] [,di:f:'men,]弹性限度elastic limit[i'lstik] ['limit]弹力elastic force[i'lstik] [f:s]劲度系数coefficient of stiffness[,k'fnt] ['stfns] xxHooke law[l:]摩擦力friction force['frikn]静摩擦力static frictional force['sttik] ['frikn]滑动摩擦力sliding frictional force['slaidi]动摩擦因数dynamic friction factor[dai'nmik]合力resultant force[ri'zltnt]分力component force[km'punnt]力的合成composition of forces[,kmp'zin]力的分解resolution of force[,rez'lu:n] 三角形定则triangular rule[tra'gjl] [ru:l]运动学kinematics[kini'mtiks]动力学dynamics[dai'nmiks]牛顿第一定律Newton first law['nju:tn] [l:]惯性inertia [i'n:j]惯性定律law of inertia[i'n:j]质量mass[ms]惯性系inertial system['sistm]牛顿第二定律Newton second law单位制system of units国际单位制Le Systeme International Unites SI[,nt'nnl]作用力action['kn]反作用力reaction[ri'kn]牛顿第三定律Newton third law超重overweight[,v'wet]失重weightlessness['wetls]误差error['er]偶然误差accidental error[,ksi'dentl]系统误差systematic error [,sist'mtik]绝对误差absolute error['bslu:t]相对误差relative error['reltiv]亚里士多德Aristotle曲线运动curvilinear motion[k:vi'lini]基尔霍夫Kirchhoff切线tangent['tndnt]抛体运动projectile motion[pr'dektl,]抛物线parabola[p'rbl]线速度linear velocity['lini]匀速圆周运动uniform circular motion['ju:nif:m] ['s:kjul] 角速度angular velocity['gjl]弧度radian['reidjn]周期period['pirid]向心加速度centripetal acceleration[sen'trptl]向心力centripetal force[sen'trptl]开普勒Kepler引力常量gravitational constant [,ɡrvi'teinl] ['knstnt]万有引力定律law of universal gravitation[,ju:ni'v:sl]第一宇宙速度first cosmic velocity['kzmik]第二宇宙速度second cosmic velocity第三宇宙速度third cosmic velocityxxblack hole能力energy['endi]势能potential energy[p'tenl]动能kinetic energy[k'netk, ka-]功work[w:k]瓦特watt['pau]重力势能gravitational potential energy [,ɡrvi'teinl] [p'tenl]弹性势能elastic potential energy[i'lstik] [p'tenl]动能定理theorem of kinetic energy['θi:rm]机械能mechanical energy[mi'knikl] [k'netk]机械能守恒定律law of conservation of mechanical energy[,kns'vein] [mi'knikl]能量守恒定律law of energy conservation[,kns'vein]亥姆霍兹Helmholtz['helmhults]力force拉力traction['trkn]力矩torque[t:k]动量momentum[mu'mentm]角动量angular momentum ['gjl]振动vibration[va'bren]振幅amplitude['mpl,tu:d, -,tju:d] xxwave[weiv]驻波standing wave['stnd]震荡oscillation[,s'len]相干波coherent wave[ku'hirnt]干涉interference[,nt'firns]衍射diffraction[di'frkn]轨道obital大小magnatitude方向direction[di'rekn]水平horizental竖直vertical['v:tikl]相互垂直perpendicular[,p:pn'dkjl]坐标coordinate[ku':dineit]直角坐标系cersian coordinate system 极坐标系polar coordinate system['pul] 弹簧spring[spri]球体sphere[sfi]环loop[lu:p]盘型disc。

alevel物理词汇【1】A Level物理简介A Level物理是英国高中教育体系中的一部分，针对16-18岁的学生开设。

该课程旨在培养学生的物理素养、实验能力和科学思维，为进入高等教育阶段或未来职业生涯打下基础。

A Level物理课程涵盖广泛，包括力学、热力学、电磁学、光学、原子物理学和核物理学等多个领域。

【2】常用物理词汇列表为了帮助大家更好地学习A Level物理，这里列举了一些常用的物理词汇，以便同学们更好地理解课程内容：1.力（Force）2.质量（Mass）3.速度（Velocity）4.加速度（Acceleration）5.动能（Kinetic energy）6.势能（Potential energy）7.功（Work）8.功率（Power）9.能量（Energy）10.热（Temperature）11.内能（Internal energy）12.热力学第一定律（First law of thermodynamics）13.热力学第二定律（Second law of thermodynamics）14.热力学第三定律（Third law of thermodynamics）15.电磁场（Electromagnetic field）16.电荷（Charge）17.电流（Current）18.电压（Voltage）19.电阻（Resistance）20.频率（Frequency）【3】物理概念与术语解释1.力学：研究物体运动和力的相互作用的科学。

2.热力学：研究热量传递、热能转换和热力学系统的性质和行为的科学。

3.电磁学：研究电荷、电场、磁场和电磁现象的科学。

4.光学：研究光的性质、产生、传播和成像的科学。

5.原子物理学：研究原子结构、原子核和基本粒子的科学。

6.核物理学：研究原子核结构、核反应和核能的利用的科学。

【4】学习建议与策略1.扎实掌握基础知识，为深入学习打下基础。

2.勤于练习，多做题，提高解题能力和应试水平。

Chapter 1 Introduction（引言）§1.1 Space and Time（空间与时间）universe宇宙object物体measurement 测量kinematics运动学motion of objects 物体的运动mass point/particle质点center of mass 质心space and time 时空rotation 旋转subject研究的对象phenomena 现象intergalactic星系间的submicroscopic 亚微观的dimension尺度uniform均匀的isotropic各向同性的continuous连续的direction方向graininess 颗粒性location位置frame of reference 参考系specify确定、规定simultaneously 同时地inconsistent with与…不一致define/definition 定义platinum-iridium铂铱合金atomic standard 原子标准transition 跃迁meridian子午线general conference on weights and measures国际计量大会vacuum真空former standard of length米原器atomic energy level原子能级isotope cesium 铯同位素krypton 氪angstrom埃§1.2 Coordinate Systems and Frames of Reference（坐标系与参考系）frame of reference 参考系coordinate system坐标系rectangular Cartesian coordinates直角笛卡儿坐标系axis / axes (pl.)（坐标）轴origin坐标原点at rest静止dimension维mutually perpendicular 互相垂直intersection 交点§1.3 Idealized Models（理想模型）idealized model 理想模型simplified version简化方式neglect忽略particle质点air resistance 空气阻力vacuum真空in terms of 利用rigid body刚体insulator绝缘体§1.4 Vectors（矢量）vector矢量scalar标量magnitude大小velocity速度acceleration 加速度momentum动量proportional to正比于parallel平行position vector位置矢量§1.5 Properties of Vectors（矢量的特点）resultant/net vectoradditionsubtractionequivalenttranslatehead-to-tail methodparallelogram methoddiagonalcommutative lawscalar productdot productdistributive lawmultiplicationcross productvector productarearight-hand ruleparallelmultiplyfunctionsome variable§1.6 Components of a Vector（矢量的分量）component分量absolute value绝对值projection投影perpendicular 垂线rectangular component正交分量§1.7 Unit Vectors（单位矢量）unit vector单位矢量dimensionless 无量纲的unit magnitude单位大小respectively分别地Chapter 2 Kinematics: Motion in Two and Three Dimensions （运动学：二维与三维运动）§2.1 Kinematical Function of a Point（质点的运动函数）position vector位置矢量trigonometry 三角学§2.2 Displacement and Velocity（位移与速度）trajectory轨迹displacement vector位移矢量velocity速度ratio比值，比率straight line直线approach趋近、接近limit极限average velocity 平均速度instantaneous velocity瞬时速度slope斜率chord弦limiting process 求极限过程curved path弯曲路径derivative导数magnitude and direction大小和方向speed速率scalar components标量分量limiting value极限值limiting process 求极限过程tangent相切、切线change增量、改变量differential n.微分differentiate v. 微分、求导integrate v.积分integration n.积分coefficient系数module (矢量的)模successively 连续地square root 平方根§2.3 Acceleration（加速度）acceleration 加速度average acceleration 平均加速度instantaneous acceleration 瞬时加速度second derivative二阶导数positive正的negative负的respectively 分别地one-dimensional motion一维运动uniform circular motion匀速圆周运动projectile motion抛体运动§2.4 Motion with Constant Acceleration（匀加速运动）无§2.5 Linear Motion with Constant Acceleration（匀加速直线运动）linear线性的one-dimensional一维的corresponding对应的eliminate消去freely falling bodies自由落体air resistance 空气阻力acceleration due to gravity 重力加速度altitude高度vertical direction 竖直方向negative sign 负号latitude经度regardless of与.无关maximum value最大值minimum value最小值§2.6 Projectile Motion （抛体运动）projectile抛体trajectory轨迹assumption 假设negligible可忽略的rotation 转动air friction 空气摩擦parabola抛物线parabolic trajectory 抛物线轨迹initial初始的horizontal水平的independent 独立的superposition叠加flight time飞行时间horizontal range射程maximum height最大高度horizontal surface水平面a body projected horizontally平抛物体vertical竖直的firing angle抛射角§2.7 Circular Motion（圆周运动）circular motion 圆周运动uniform circular motion匀速圆周运动circular motion with varying speed变速圆周运动centripetal向心的arc length 弧长angular displacement 角位移instantaneous angular velocity（瞬时）角速度radian(s) 弧度dimensional有量纲的counterclockwise 逆时针clockwise顺时针circle圆center of a circle圆心vectorially矢量地angular acceleration 角加速度tangential acceleration 切向加速度center-seeking 向心resolve （矢量）分解centripetal acceleration 向心加速度normal acceleration 法向加速度perpendicular to垂直于radial径向的radius半径§2.8 Relative Motion（相对运动）relative velocity相对速度relative acceleration 相对加速度observer观察者outcome结果measurement 测量stationary 静止的differentiate求微分Galilean transformation equation伽利略变换valid有效的special theory of relativity狭义相对论as it turns out结果是relative to相对于heading due north头朝北right triangle直角三角形upstream逆流hypotenuse直角三角形的斜边Chapter 3 Newton’s Laws of Motion（牛顿运动定律）§3.1 Newton’s First Law（牛顿第一定律）at rest静止net external force/ resultant force合外力inertial frame of reference 惯性参考系inertia惯性act on = exert（力）作用于approximation近似inertial mass 惯性质量interact (n. interaction)相互作用resultant external force合外力momentum动量unless stated otherwise 除非另有说明§3.2 Newton’s Second Law（牛顿第二定律）nonzero非零的mass质量momentum动量rate of change变化率directly proportional to正比于inversely proportional to反比于§3.3 Newton’s Third Law（牛顿第三定律）interact相互作用opposite相反、相对isolated 孤立的action force 作用力reaction force反作用力§3.4 Applications of Newton’s Laws（牛顿运动定律的应用）tension 张力diagram示意图isolate 隔离free-body diagram受力图unknown未知量Atwood’s Machine阿特伍德机light string轻绳vertically 竖直地frictionless 无摩擦的incline斜面pulley滑轮balanced平衡的block 木块、滑块wedge楔、斜铁plane 平面horizontal surface水平面§3.5 International Units and Dimensions（国际单位制与量纲）physical quantity物理量fundamental unit基本单位universally普遍scientific community科学界luminous intensity光强度abbreviation缩写lowercase小写的uppercase大写的rectangle矩形§3.6 Introduction to Some Common Forces（几种常见力）electromagnetic电磁的lean against 倚靠compress 压mattress spring 床垫弹簧normal force 法向力、支持力stiffness倔强性stretch 拉伸frictional force / force of friction 摩擦力viscous medium粘滞媒质（介质）resistance 阻力force of static friction 静摩擦力maximum force of static friction最大静摩擦力is proportional to正比于proportionality constant比例常数coefficient of static friction 静摩擦系数coefficient of kinetic friction 滑动摩擦系数variation变化§3.7 The Four Fundamental Forces（四种基本力）gravitational force 引力universal gravitational constant万有引力常数electromagnetic force电磁力bind约束Coulomb’s law库仑定律charged particle带电粒子strong nuclear force 强力hydrogen氢nucleus (pl. nuclei or nucleuses)原子核neutron 中子proton质子counteract抵抗repulsive排斥的strength强度weak nuclear force弱力short-range force 短程力radioactivity放射性radioactive decay 放射性衰变nucleons核子massless 无质量的action at a distance远程作用hypothesis 假设field场Chapter 4Linear Momentum and Angular Momentum （动量与角动量）§4.1 Linear Momentum and Impulse（动量与冲量）(linear) momentum动量impulse 冲量impulse-momentum theorem动量定理time-average force 平均冲力§4.2 Impulse-momentum Theorem for Particles System（质点系的动量定理）particles system 质点系internal forces 内力external forces 外力§4.3 Conservation of Linear Momentum（动量守恒定律）momenta（pl.）动量§4.4 Center of Mass（质心）vector notation矢量表示continuous object连续物体element of mass 质元§4.5 Motion of the Center of Mass（质心的运动）conserved 守恒的isolated system 孤立系统§4.6 Angular Momentum of a Particle（质点的角动量）conserved 守恒的isolated system 孤立系统§4.7 Conservation Law of Angular Momentum（角动量守恒定律）Kepler 开普勒ellipse椭圆Chapter 6 Rotation of a Rigid Body about a Fixed Axis （刚体的定轴转动）§6.1 Motion of a Rigid Body（刚体的运动）rigid body刚体parallelogram rule 平行四边形法则translation 平动an extended body 空间实体rotation 转动nondeformable 不变形的resultant motion 合运动parallel平行fixed axis 固定轴counterclockwise motion 逆时针运动angular acceleration 角加速度clockwise motion顺时针运动separation 间隔translation 平动angular velocity 角速度trajectory 轨迹§6.2 Law of Rotation of a Rigid Body about a Fixed Axis（刚体定轴转动定律）moment of inertia 转动惯量rotation axis 旋转轴torque 力矩proportionality constant比例常数element of mass 质元line of action of force 力的作用线analogue 类似；相似perpendicular distance垂直距离distribution of mass 质量分布pivot about 围绕…旋转；以…为轴旋转moment arm 力臂is proportional to与…成正比§6.3 Calculation of Moments of Inertia for Rigid Bodies（转动惯量的计算）an extended body 延续实体hoop圆环spherical shell薄球壳solid sphere实心球spherical cavity球腔linear density线密度§6.4 Application of Law of Rotation of a Rigid Body about a FixedAxis（刚体定轴转动定律应用）orientation 方向；方位atwood’s machine伍德机brake制动器，刹车pedal踏板sprocket链轮齿bearing轴承pulley滑轮nonslip 无滑动§6.5 Conservation of Angular Momentum with Respect to the Fixed Axis（对定轴角动量守恒）resultant external torque合外力矩isolated隔离的valid 有效；适用pin 销；轴hapter 7Electric Fields of Stationary Electric Charges（静止电荷的电场）§7.1 Charge（电荷）Electricity电学magnetism磁学accelerator 加速器interatomic原子间的amber琥珀magnetite磁铁矿electrification充电magnet磁铁charge 电荷quantized量子化的quantization量子化proton质子electrically charged带电的charged body带电体conservation守恒uncharged不带电的§7.2 Coulomb’s Law（库仑定律）Coulomb’s Law库仑定律inversely proportional to相反地separating 分开的permittivity介电常数hydrogen氢opposite sign符号相反§7.3 The Electric Field（电场）electric field 电场test charge检验电荷distribution分布X-ray X-射线lightning闪电electronic电子的intermolecular分子间的rub摩擦magnesia氧化镁electromagnetism电磁学plastic rod塑料棒repel排斥attract 吸引suspend悬挂neutron中子electron电子neutral中性的integer整数integral multiple整数倍proportional to正比于square平方product乘积repulsive排斥Coulomb constant库仑常数superposition principle叠加原理electric field (intensity) 电场强度source charge场源电荷radio waves无线电波atmosphere大气thundercloud 雷雨云§7.4 Calculation of Electric Field（电场的计算）stationarydenominatorelectric dipoleelectric dipole momentspherically symmetriccontinuous charge distributioncharge elementstrategy静止的分母电偶极子电偶极矩球对称电荷连续分布元电荷策略bisector平分线manipulation处理linear charge density电荷线密度surface charge density 电荷面密度volume charge density电荷体密度ring charge带电圆环charged disk带电圆盘infinite plate of charge无限大带电平面§7.5 Electric Field Lines and Electric Flux（电场线和电通量）electric field lines电场线electric flux电通量infinity无穷远visualize形象化strength强度penetrate穿过qualitative定量的closed surface闭合曲面align排列thread线intersection 相交cross交叉§7.6 Gauss’s Law（高斯定理）Gauss’s law 高斯定理arbitrary shape 任意形状gaussian surface 高斯面electric flux电通量principle 原理practice实际§7.7 Application of Gauss’s Law（高斯定理的应用）algebraic代数的rearrange重新整理charge distribution电荷分布spherical symmetry 球对称cylindrical symmetry 柱对称plane symmetry 平面对称symmetric对称的spherical shell球壳infinite length无限长infinite plane无限大平面Chapter 8 Electric Potential（电势）§8.1 Conservativity of Electrostatic Field（静电场的保守性）line integral线积分conservative force field 保守力场closed path闭合路径conservative保守的circuital theorem for electrostatic field静电场环路定理§8.2 Potential Difference and Electric Potential（电势差和电势）potential difference电势差electric potential电势infinity无穷远electrostatic potential energy 静电势能volt伏特voltage电压electron volt电子伏特battery电池§8.3 Calculation of Electric Potential（电势的计算）equipotential surface等势面broken lines虚线semicircular半圆的insulating绝缘的infinite无限的dashed lines虚线extend延伸solid lines实线finite有限的arbitrary任意的function函数curved surface曲面§8.4 Electric Potential Gradient（电势梯度）gradient梯度notation符号potential Gradient电势梯度maximum最大值right angle 直角sketch勾画§8.5 Electrostatic Potential Energy（静电势能）electrostatic potential energy 静电势能vicinity附近Chapter 9 Conductor in Electrostatic Field（静电场中的导体）§9.1 Conductors in Electrostatic Equilibrium（导体的静电平衡）isolated conductor 孤立导体electrostatic equilibrium静电平衡equipotential body等势体radius of curvature曲率半径electrostatic shielding静电屏蔽neutralize电中和sharp point discharge尖端放电lightning rod 避雷针cosmic rays 宇宙射线lightning stroke雷击glow discharge 辉光放电ion离子corona discharge电晕放电shrink收缩cavity 空腔grounding接地curved surface 曲面conducting wire导线collision碰撞thunderstorm雷暴induced charge 感应电荷insert插入guarantee保证contradiction 矛盾§9.2 Calculation of Electrostatic Field with Conductors Nearby（有导体存在时静电场的分析与计算）conducting slab 导电板lateral area侧面uncharged conductor不带电导体edge effect边缘效应redistribute 重新分配external外部Chapter 10 Capacitors and Dielectrics in Electrostatic Field （电容器和静电场中的电介质）§10.1 Capacitance and Capacitors（电容和电容器）Leyden jar 莱顿瓶flash 闪光灯capacitance电容coaxial同轴的capacitor电容器coaxial cable同轴电缆parallel-plate capacitor 平行平板电容器concentric同心的cylindrical capacitor圆柱形电容器parallel combination 并联spherical capacitor 球形电容器series combination串联submultiple因数farad 法拉microfarad 微法拉picofarad 皮法拉rectify 调整inductance 自感应ignition 点火sparking打火花metallic金属(性)的combination联合、组合equivalent相当的§10.2 Dielectrics and Electric Field（电介质与电场）dielectric电介质relative dielectric constant 相对介电常数voltmeter 伏特计insulating绝缘的dielectric breakdown介质击穿dielectric strength介电强度§10.3 Polarization of Dielectrics（电介质的极化）polarize极化polar molecules极性分子polarization 极化nonpolar molecules非极性分子induced dipole moments 感应电矩permanent electric dipole moments 固有电矩surface charge表面电荷align排成一线orient取向bound charge束缚电荷homogeneous 均匀的free charge 自由电荷microwave 微波oven 烤箱vibrate 振动tune 调整resonate 共振oscillate 振荡§10.4 Gauss’s Law for Electric Displacement Vector（高斯定律）electric displacement 电位移dielectric constant介电常数deliberately故意地the flux of D(r) D(r) 的通量permittivity电容率§10.5 Energy Stored in a Charged Capacitor（电容器的能量）transfer转移electrostatic potential energy 静电势能battery电池electrostatic field energy 静电场能increment 增量energy density能量密度transformation转化maximum operating voltage 最大工作电压terminal 终端deliver递送dissipate消散pathway路径Chapter 11 Magnetic Force (磁力)§11.1 Nature of Magnetic Force(磁力的本质)magnetite磁铁矿石bar magnet条形磁铁interaction 相互作用magnetic pole磁极electric current loops of molecules分子环形电流§11.2 Magnetic Field and Magnetic Field Vector(磁场和磁感应强度)magnetic field磁场magnetic field vector=magnetic induction =magnetic flux density磁感应强度magnetic force 磁场力Lorentz force 洛仑兹力B-line磁感(应)线magnetic flux磁通量tesla(T)特（斯拉）weber韦伯§11.3 Motion of a Charged Particle in a Magnetic Field(带电粒子在磁场中的运动)cyclotron period回旋周期magnetic focusing磁聚焦helix螺旋线pitch螺距magnetic lens磁镜magnetic confinement 磁约束a magnetic bottle磁瓶the mass spectrometer 质谱仪schematic drawing示意图ion离子precision 精确度proton质子deuteron 氘核bombard 轰击cyclotron 加速器dees D型盒evacuate抽成真空shield屏蔽oscillate 振动plasma等离子体nuclear fusion核聚变Van Allen belts范阿仑辐射带§11.4 The Hall Effect(霍尔效应)the Hall voltage 霍尔电压the drift velocity漂移速度§11.5 Magnetic Force on a Current-carrying Conductor(载流导体在磁场中受力—安培力)current-carrying conductor/wire载流导体/导线current loop in a uniform magnetic field匀强磁场中的载流线圈linear element 线元current element vector 电流元矢量loop 环, 回路magnetic moment of a current loop载流线圈磁矩rectangular loop矩形回路a wire segment 一段导线strip 条；带Chapter 12 Source of Magnetic Field（磁场的源）§12.1 The Magnetic Field of Moving Point Charges（运动点电荷的磁场）permeability of free space真空磁导率§12.2 The Biot-Savart Law（毕奥-萨伐尔定律）the Biot-Savart Law毕奥-萨伐尔定律permeability of free space真空磁导率Gauss’law in magnetism磁场的高斯定律magnetic monopoles磁单极solenoid螺线管turn匝current-carrying wire 载流导线encircle环绕current element电流元diverge发散converge聚合magnetic pole磁极magnet磁铁magnetic flux磁通量§12.3 Ampere Circuital Theorem （安培环路定理）penetrate穿过bounded by以…为边界finite point 有限点line integral线积分§12.4 Application of Ampere Circuital Theorem（安培环路定理的应用）current-carrying wire 载流导线circumference 周长cylindrical shell圆柱形壳toroid螺绕环inner radius 内径outer radius外径spherical conductor 球形导体§12.5 Magnetic Field due to Varying Electric Field（与变化的电场相联系的磁场）displacement current位移电流generalized Ampere’s Law广义安培环路定理conduction current传导电流magnetic monopole磁单级postulate假设total current全电流steady current恒定电流§12.6 The Magnetic Force Between Two Parallel Current-carryingWires（平行电流间的相互作用力）antiparallel反平行Chapter 13 Magnetic Media in Magnetic Field（磁场中的磁介质）§13.1 Effect on Magnetic Field Caused by Magnetic Media（磁介质对磁场的影响）magnetic medium磁介质diamagnetic medium抗磁质paramagnetic medium顺磁质ferromagnetic material 铁磁质magnetic moment 磁矩paramagnetism 顺磁性partial alignment部分取向electron spin 电子自旋magnetic dipole 磁偶极子ferromagnetism 铁磁性diamagnetism抗磁性induced magnetic moment感生磁矩permanent magnetic moment固有磁矩§13.2 Atomic Magnetic Dipole Moments（原子磁矩）magnetization磁化atomic原子的magnetic dipole moment磁矩orbital magnetic moment 轨道磁矩quantum theory量子理论intrinsic spin angular momentum内禀自旋角动量§13.3 Magnetization（磁介质的磁化）magnetization n.磁化、磁化强度magnetize . 磁化atomic current loopamperian currentcross-sectional area分子环流v安培电流横截面积induced magnetic dipole moments感生磁矩surface magnetization current/ bound current面磁化电流(面束缚电流)applied magnetic field外加磁场magnetic susceptibility磁化率relative permeability相对磁导率bismuth 铋Bohr magneton玻尔磁子superconductor超导体emf电动势§13.4 Ferromagnetic Materials（铁磁质）iron铁cobalt钴nickel镍alloy 合金ferromagnetism 铁磁性magnetic domain磁畴critical temperature临界温度Curie temperature居里温度thermal agitation热扰动end effect边界效应magnetic saturation磁饱和reversible 可逆的magnetic hysteresis磁滞效应hysteresis loop 磁滞回线magnetization curve磁化曲线initial magnetization curve起始磁化曲线remnant magnetization剩磁coercive force矫顽力memory 记忆能力magnetize磁化demagnetize去磁，退磁transformer 变压器motor 电动机secondary coil副线圈cycle循环irreversible process 不可逆过程hard ferromagnetic materials硬磁性材料soft ferromagnetic materials软磁性材料hysteresis loss磁滞损耗（铁损）Curie point居里点permanent magnet永久磁体,magnetic tape磁带，memory unit记忆元件iron cores铁芯galvanometer 电流计rr§13.5 Circuital Theorem for H （H 的环路定理）magnetic intensity磁场强度magnetization current 磁化电流free current自由电流isotropic各向同性的permeability磁导率relative permeability相对磁导率Chapter 14 Electromagnetic Induction（电磁感应）§14.1 Faraday Law of Electromagnetic Induction（法拉第电磁感应定律）electromagnetic induction 电磁感应induction current感应电流emf (electromotive force) 电动势induction emf 感生电动势weber韦伯Lenz Law楞次定律polarity极性§14.2 Motional emf（动生电动势）motional emf 动生电动势§14.3 Induced emf and Induced Electric Field（感生电动势和感生电场）nonelectrostatic force非静电力induced emf 感生电动势induced electric field感生电场vortex field涡旋场eddy currents 涡流nonconservative field 非保守场time-varying field时变场alternate变化alternative 交流电的，交变的laminated叠片（组成）的§14.4 Mutual Induction（互感现象）mutual induction互感现象mutual inductance互感系数emf by mutual induction互感电动势orientation 方位§14.5 Self-induction（自感现象）self-induction自感现象self-inductance 自感系数inductor电感self-induced emf 自感电动势is proportional to正比于§14.6 Energy of Magnetic Field（磁场的能量）magnetic energy density磁场能量密度energy due to mutual induction互感磁能Chapter 15 Maxwell’s Equations and Electromagnetic Waves （麦克斯韦方程组组与电磁波波）§15-1 Maxwell’s Equations（麦克斯韦方程组）§15-2 Electromagnetic Waves（电磁波）propagation传播in phase同相、同步transverse waves横波wavelength波长visible spectrum可见光谱infrared waves 红外波radiation 辐射ultraviolet ray紫外线Poynging vector 坡印亭矢量§15-3 The Wave Equation for Electromagnetic Waves（电磁波的方程）wave function波函数wave equation波的方程wave number 波数angular frequency 角频率plane wave平面波Chapter 16 Temperature and the Kinetic Theory of Gases（温度与气体运动论）§16.1 Thermal Equilibrium and Temperature （热平衡及温度）temperature 温度hotness热coldness冷thermometric property热力学特性thermal contact热接触the average internal molecular kinetic energy 分子内平均动能thermal equilibrium热平衡electrical conductor 导电器the zeroth law of thermodynamics热力学第零定律temperature scale温标§16.2 The Celsius and Fahrenheit Temperature Scales（摄氏温标与华氏温标）thermometer温度计temperature scale温标the ice-point temperature冰点温度freezing point冰点steam-point沸点normal boiling point标准沸点the steam-point temperature 气化点温度the Celsius temperature scale摄氏温标the Fahrenheit temperature scale华氏温标§16.3 Gas Thermometers and the Absolute Temperature Scale（气体温度计和绝对温标）calibrate 校对、校准discrepancy差异volume 体积density密度sufficiently low 足够低sulfur硫a constant-volume gas thermometer等容气体温度计triple point of water 水的三相点ideal-gas temperature scale理想气体温标absolute temperature scale绝对温标nitrogen氮hydrogen氢oxygen氧recalibrate再校准extrapolate外推，向外延长triple point 三相点coexist共存helium氦liquefy液化in terms of 利用rigid body刚体insulator绝缘体Kelvin scale 开尔文温标§16.4 The Ideal-Gas Law（理想气体定律）Boyle’s law玻意耳定律constant volume 等体Boltzmann’s constant玻耳兹曼常量mole摩尔Avogadro’s number 阿伏伽德罗常量carbon atom碳原子universal gas constant普适气体常量ideal gas理想气体equation of state状态方程state variable状态参量standard condition标准条件subscript 下标§16.5 The Kinetic Theory of Gases（气体分子运动论）macroscopic state variable宏观状态变量microscopic quantity微观量walls of a container容器壁translational kinetic energy平动动能root mean square (rms) speed方均根速率order of magnitude量级piston活塞redistribute 再分布partition 分配equipartition theorem（能）均分定理classical statistical mechanics经典统计力学degree of freedom自由度monatomic 单原子的bond键diatomic 双原子的polyatomic 多原子的vibration振动mean free path平均自由程air current 气流convection 对流diffuse扩散reciprocal倒数frequency频率§16.6 Maxwell Speed Distribution Function（麦克斯韦速率分布函数）probability概率abscissa横坐标normalization condition 归一化条件most probable distribution最概然分布Chapter 17 Heat and the First Law of Thermodynamics （热及热力学第一定律）§17.1 Heat Capacity and Specific Heat（热容与比热）atomist 原子学家thermal energy 热能manifestation 表现形式molecular motion 分子运动thermal contact热接触caloric a.热的n.热（质）internal energy 内能heat capacity热容量phase相heat conduction热传导calorie卡（路里）molar mass摩尔质量Law of conservation of energy能量守恒定律The first law of thermodynamics 热力学第一定律be proportional to和…成正比molar specific heat摩尔比热solar heating system太阳能热系统coolant冷却液§17.2 Change of Phase and Latent Heat（相变与潜热）heat capacity热容量phase change相变vaporization汽化，蒸发fusion 熔化melting融化condensation 凝聚sublimation升华carbon dioxide二氧化碳crystalline a. 结晶的、晶状的n.结晶体average translational kinetic energy平均平动动能latent heat潜热§17.3 Joule’s Experiment（焦耳实验）thermally insulated绝热的mechanical equivalence of heat热功当量§17.4 The Internal Energy of an Ideal Gas（理想气体内能）internal energy 内能real gas实际气体§17.5 Work and the PV Diagram for a Gas（功与气体PV图）quasi-static process准静态过程piston活塞isobaric等压的isothermal 等温的§17.6 The First Law of Thermodynamics（热力学第一定律）§17.7 Heat Capacities of Gases（气体的热容）infinitesimal无穷小的§17.8 The Quasi-Static Adiabatic Process for an Ideal Gas（理想气体准静态绝热过程）compression 压缩Poisson formula 泊松公式process equations 过程方程§17.9 Kinds of Thermodynamic Processes（热力学过程的种类）Chapter 18 The Second Law of Thermodynamics（热力学第二定律）§18.1 Heat Engines and the Second Law of Thermodynamics（热机与热力学第二定律）second law of thermodynamics 热力学第二定律Kelvin statement开尔文表述Clausius statement 克劳修斯表述heat engine热机working substance工质steam engine蒸汽机internal-combustion engine内燃机heat reservoir热库vaporize 汽化condenser冷凝器exhaust valve 排气阀combustion chamber 燃烧室intake stroke进气冲程ignite点燃spark plug火花塞power stroke做功冲程Otto cycle 奥拓循环efficiency of a heat engine热机的效率§18.2 Refrigerators and the Second Law of Thermodynamics（制冷机与热力学第二定律）§18.3 Equivalence of the Heat-Engine and Refrigerator Statements（开尔文表述与克劳修斯表述的等价性）§18.4 The Carnot Engine and Carnot Cycle（卡诺热机与卡诺循环）refrigeration cycle 制冷循环efficiency of positive cycle正循环的效率Carnot cycle 卡诺循环Carnot engine 卡诺热机expansion 膨胀compression压缩schematic diagram原理图、示意图friction摩擦reversible可逆的Carnot efficiency 卡诺效率irreversible 不可逆的dissipative force耗散力nonequilibrium state 非平衡态viscous force粘滞力§18.5 Degradation of Energy（能量的损失）§18.6 Irreversibility and Disorder（不可逆性与无序性）microscopic state微观状态macroscopic state宏观状态disorder无序性random motion无规则运动§18.7 Entropy（熵）Boltzmann entropy玻耳兹曼熵principle of entropy increase熵增加原理additivity of entropy熵的可加性statistical meaning 统计意义reversible process 可逆过程infinitesimal无穷小的function of state 状态函数§18.8 Entropy and Probability（熵与概率）microscopic state微观态macroscopic state宏观态spontaneously自发地evacuated 真空的Chapter 19 Oscillatory Motion（振动）§19.1 Description of Simple Harmonic Motion（简谐运动的描述）oscillation/ vibration振动oscillatory motion 振动simple harmonic motion (SHM)简谐运动Spring弹簧equilibrium position平衡位置period 周期frequency频率hertz(Hz)赫兹reciprocal倒数amplitude振幅phase相、位相、周相phase angle /(phase constant) 初相、初位相integer times 整数倍a variety of很多displacement 位移velocity速度acceleration 加速度substitute替换（代）disturb扰动trigonometric三角法的，据三角法的kinematics 运动学compensate补偿§19.2 Phasor and Phase（旋转矢量与振动的相）circular motion 圆周运动initial position初始位置angular displacement 角位移angular speed 角速度in phase同相antiphase /180°out of phase反相component分量projection投影§19.3 Dynamic Equation for Simple Harmonic Motion（简谐运动的动力学方程）force constant of a spring倔强系数restoring force 恢复力harmonic oscillator谐振子in phase同相derivative/differentiate 微商，导数substitute替换、替代damping减幅，衰减sustain 维持compensate补偿，修正stiffness坚硬，硬度pitch定调negative/minus 负，减dynamics 动力学§19.4 Examples of Simple Harmonic Motion（简谐运动的实例）simple pendulum单摆physical pendulum物理摆/复摆pendulum bob摆锤pivot转动的轴moment of inertia转动惯量component分量torque扭矩，转矩§19.5 Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion（简谐运动的能量）§19.6 Combination of Simple Harmonic Motion（简谐运动的合成）combination 合成component分量periodically 周期性地triangle relation三角关系beat拍beat frequency 拍频§19.7 Damped Oscillations, Driven Oscillations and Resonance（阻尼振动受迫振动共振）damped oscillations阻尼振动overdamping过阻尼overdamped 过阻尼的underdamped欠阻尼的critical damping 临界阻尼nonoscillatory不摆动的，不波动的molasses 糖蜜critically damped 临界阻尼的driven oscillations受迫振动resonance共振natural angular frequency固有角频率natural period固有周期Chapter 20 Waves（波动）§20.1 Traveling Waves（行波）disturbance扰动propagate v.传播propagation n.传播medium媒质、媒介mechanical waves机械波。

Conductors & dielectrics in electrostatic fieldDielectric 电介质 Electrostatic equilibrium 静电平衡 Polarization 极化 Relative permittivity of dielectric 电介质的相对电容率 Electric susceptibility 电极化率 Electric displacement 电位移矢量 Metal 金属 Capacitor 电容器 Capacitance 电容 Farad 法拉 Breakdown field strength （dielectric strength） 击穿电场强度 (电介质绝缘强度) Parallel combination 并联 Series combination 串联 Energy of electrostatic field 静电场的能量Electrostatic induction 静电感应 Electrostatic shield 静电屏蔽 Coaxial 同轴的 Isotropic 各向同性的 Free charge 自由电荷 Polarized charge 极化电荷 Electric polarization 电极化强度 Permittivity of dielectric 电介质的电容率 Gauss’s law with dielectric 电介质中的高斯定理 Conducting 导电的 Parallel-plate capacitor 平行板电容器 Cylindrical capacitor 圆柱形电容器 Spherical capacitor 球形电容器 Energy density of electrostatic filed 静电场的能量密度Magnetic forces & magnetic fieldsMagnetic field 磁场 Steady current 恒定电流 Electric current 电流 Drift speed 漂移速率 Magnetic induction 磁感应强度 The Biot-Savart law 毕奥-萨伐尔定律 Infinitesimal 无限小的 Permeability of free space 真空磁导率 Principle of superposition of magnetic induction 磁感应强度叠加原理 Loop, Coil 线圈 Solenoid 螺线管 Angular velocity 角速度 Magnetic flux 磁通量 Gauss’s law in magnetic fieldSteady magnetic field 恒定磁场 Electromotive force (emf) 电动势 Current density 电流密度 Conduction current 传导电流 Ampere 安培 Circuit 电路，回路 Magnet 磁铁 Tesla 特斯拉 Current element 电流元 Right-hand rule 右手螺旋定则 Current-carrying 载流的 Extending line 延长线 Magnetic moment 磁矩 Magnetic induction lines 磁感应线 Ampere’s loop law 安培环路定理磁场中的高斯定理 Clockwise 顺时针的 Anticlockwise (counterclockwise) 逆时针的 Ideal 理想的 Closed path 闭合路径 Turn 匝，圈 Lorentz force 洛伦兹力 Ampere force 安培力 period 周期 Ampere law 安培定律 Torque 转矩 Magnetization 磁化Rectangle 长方形的 Cross section 截面 Toroid 螺绕环 Closely spaced 密绕的 Magnetic medium 磁介质 Ampere’s loop law in magnetic medium 磁介质中的安培环路定理 Magnetic permeability 磁导率 Relative magnetic permeability 相对磁导率 Magnetization intensity 磁化强度 Magnetization current 磁化电流 Magnetic field intensity 磁场强度Faraday’s law & inductanceFaraday’s law of induction 法拉第电磁感应定律 Induction electromotive force 感应电动势 Magnetic flux linkage 磁链 Vary 变化 Motional electromotive force 动生电动势 Bar 棒 Pivot 支点 Induced electric field 感生电场 Mutual inductance electromotive force 互感电动势 Henry 亨利 Energy of magnetic field 磁场的能量 Energy density of magnetic field 磁场的能量密度 Cable 电缆 Displacement current 位移电流 Full current 全电流Induction current 感应电流 Lenz’s law 楞次定律 Move away from 离开 Upwards 向上 Downwards 向下 Induced electromotive force 感生电动势 Electromagnetic field 电磁场 Self-inductance electromotive force 自感电动势 Self-inductance 自感 Mutual-inductance 互感 Volume element 体积元 Displacement current density 位移电流密度 Ampere’s loop law in full current 全电流安培环路定理 Maxwell electromagnetism theorem 麦克斯韦电磁场理论 Maxwell’s equations 麦克斯韦方程组。

Chapter 1 Introduction（引言）§1.1 Space and Time（空间与时间）universe宇宙object物体measurement 测量kinematics运动学motion of objects 物体的运动mass point/particle质点center of mass 质心space and time 时空rotation 旋转subject研究的对象phenomena 现象intergalactic星系间的submicroscopic 亚微观的dimension尺度uniform均匀的isotropic各向同性的continuous连续的direction方向graininess 颗粒性location位置frame of reference 参考系specify确定、规定simultaneously 同时地inconsistent with与…不一致define/definition 定义platinum-iridium铂铱合金atomic standard 原子标准transition 跃迁meridian子午线general conference on weights and measures国际计量大会vacuum真空former standard of length米原器atomic energy level原子能级isotope cesium 铯同位素krypton 氪angstrom埃§1.2 Coordinate Systems and Frames of Reference（坐标系与参考系）frame of reference 参考系coordinate system坐标系rectangular Cartesian coordinates直角笛卡儿坐标系axis / axes (pl.)（坐标）轴origin坐标原点at rest静止dimension维mutually perpendicular 互相垂直intersection 交点§1.3 Idealized Models（理想模型）idealized model 理想模型simplified version简化方式neglect忽略particle质点air resistance 空气阻力vacuum真空in terms of 利用rigid body刚体insulator绝缘体§1.4 Vectors（矢量）vector矢量scalar标量magnitude大小velocity速度acceleration 加速度momentum动量proportional to正比于parallel平行position vector位置矢量§1.5 Properties of Vectors（矢量的特点）resultant/net vectoradditionsubtractionequivalenttranslatehead-to-tail methodparallelogram methoddiagonalcommutative lawscalar productdot productdistributive lawmultiplicationcross productvector productarearight-hand ruleparallelmultiplyfunctionsome variable§1.6 Components of a Vector（矢量的分量）component分量absolute value绝对值projection投影perpendicular 垂线rectangular component正交分量§1.7 Unit Vectors（单位矢量）unit vector单位矢量dimensionless 无量纲的unit magnitude单位大小respectively分别地Chapter 2 Kinematics: Motion in Two and Three Dimensions （运动学：二维与三维运动）§2.1 Kinematical Function of a Point（质点的运动函数）position vector位置矢量trigonometry 三角学§2.2 Displacement and Velocity（位移与速度）trajectory轨迹displacement vector位移矢量velocity速度ratio比值，比率straight line直线approach趋近、接近limit极限average velocity 平均速度instantaneous velocity瞬时速度slope斜率chord弦limiting process 求极限过程curved path弯曲路径derivative导数magnitude and direction大小和方向speed速率scalar components标量分量limiting value极限值limiting process 求极限过程tangent相切、切线change增量、改变量differential n.微分differentiate v. 微分、求导integrate v.积分integration n.积分coefficient系数module (矢量的)模successively 连续地square root 平方根§2.3 Acceleration（加速度）acceleration 加速度average acceleration 平均加速度instantaneous acceleration 瞬时加速度second derivative二阶导数positive正的negative负的respectively 分别地one-dimensional motion一维运动uniform circular motion匀速圆周运动projectile motion抛体运动§2.4 Motion with Constant Acceleration（匀加速运动）无§2.5 Linear Motion with Constant Acceleration（匀加速直线运动）linear线性的one-dimensional一维的corresponding对应的eliminate消去freely falling bodies自由落体air resistance 空气阻力acceleration due to gravity 重力加速度altitude高度vertical direction 竖直方向negative sign 负号latitude经度regardless of与.无关maximum value最大值minimum value最小值§2.6 Projectile Motion （抛体运动）projectile抛体trajectory轨迹assumption 假设negligible可忽略的rotation 转动air friction 空气摩擦parabola抛物线parabolic trajectory 抛物线轨迹initial初始的horizontal水平的independent 独立的superposition叠加flight time飞行时间horizontal range射程maximum height最大高度horizontal surface水平面a body projected horizontally平抛物体vertical竖直的firing angle抛射角§2.7 Circular Motion（圆周运动）circular motion 圆周运动uniform circular motion匀速圆周运动circular motion with varying speed变速圆周运动centripetal向心的arc length 弧长angular displacement 角位移instantaneous angular velocity（瞬时）角速度radian(s) 弧度dimensional有量纲的counterclockwise 逆时针clockwise顺时针circle圆center of a circle圆心vectorially矢量地angular acceleration 角加速度tangential acceleration 切向加速度center-seeking 向心resolve （矢量）分解centripetal acceleration 向心加速度normal acceleration 法向加速度perpendicular to垂直于radial径向的radius半径§2.8 Relative Motion（相对运动）relative velocity相对速度relative acceleration 相对加速度observer观察者outcome结果measurement 测量stationary 静止的differentiate求微分Galilean transformation equation伽利略变换valid有效的special theory of relativity狭义相对论as it turns out结果是relative to相对于heading due north头朝北right triangle直角三角形upstream逆流hypotenuse直角三角形的斜边Chapter 3 Newton’s Laws of Motion（牛顿运动定律）§3.1 Newton’s First Law（牛顿第一定律）at rest静止net external force/ resultant force合外力inertial frame of reference 惯性参考系inertia惯性act on = exert（力）作用于approximation近似inertial mass 惯性质量interact (n. interaction)相互作用resultant external force合外力momentum动量unless stated otherwise 除非另有说明§3.2 Newton’s Second Law（牛顿第二定律）nonzero非零的mass质量momentum动量rate of change变化率directly proportional to正比于inversely proportional to反比于§3.3 Newton’s Third Law（牛顿第三定律）interact相互作用opposite相反、相对isolated 孤立的action force 作用力reaction force反作用力§3.4 Applications of Newton’s Laws（牛顿运动定律的应用）tension 张力diagram示意图isolate 隔离free-body diagram受力图unknown未知量Atwood’s Machine阿特伍德机light string轻绳vertically 竖直地frictionless 无摩擦的incline斜面pulley滑轮balanced平衡的block 木块、滑块wedge楔、斜铁plane 平面horizontal surface水平面§3.5 International Units and Dimensions（国际单位制与量纲）physical quantity物理量fundamental unit基本单位universally普遍scientific community科学界luminous intensity光强度abbreviation缩写lowercase小写的uppercase大写的rectangle矩形§3.6 Introduction to Some Common Forces（几种常见力）electromagnetic电磁的lean against 倚靠compress 压mattress spring 床垫弹簧normal force 法向力、支持力stiffness倔强性stretch 拉伸frictional force / force of friction 摩擦力viscous medium粘滞媒质（介质）resistance 阻力force of static friction 静摩擦力maximum force of static friction最大静摩擦力is proportional to正比于proportionality constant比例常数coefficient of static friction 静摩擦系数coefficient of kinetic friction 滑动摩擦系数variation变化§3.7 The Four Fundamental Forces（四种基本力）gravitational force 引力universal gravitational constant万有引力常数electromagnetic force电磁力bind约束Coulomb’s law库仑定律charged particle带电粒子strong nuclear force 强力hydrogen氢nucleus (pl. nuclei or nucleuses)原子核neutron 中子proton质子counteract抵抗repulsive排斥的strength强度weak nuclear force弱力short-range force 短程力radioactivity放射性radioactive decay 放射性衰变nucleons核子massless 无质量的action at a distance远程作用hypothesis 假设field场Chapter 4Linear Momentum and Angular Momentum （动量与角动量）§4.1 Linear Momentum and Impulse（动量与冲量）(linear) momentum动量impulse 冲量impulse-momentum theorem动量定理time-average force 平均冲力§4.2 Impulse-momentum Theorem for Particles System（质点系的动量定理）particles system 质点系internal forces 内力external forces 外力§4.3 Conservation of Linear Momentum（动量守恒定律）momenta（pl.）动量§4.4 Center of Mass（质心）vector notation矢量表示continuous object连续物体element of mass 质元§4.5 Motion of the Center of Mass（质心的运动）conserved 守恒的isolated system 孤立系统§4.6 Angular Momentum of a Particle（质点的角动量）conserved 守恒的isolated system 孤立系统§4.7 Conservation Law of Angular Momentum（角动量守恒定律）Kepler 开普勒ellipse椭圆Chapter 6 Rotation of a Rigid Body about a Fixed Axis （刚体的定轴转动）§6.1 Motion of a Rigid Body（刚体的运动）rigid body刚体parallelogram rule 平行四边形法则translation 平动an extended body 空间实体rotation 转动nondeformable 不变形的resultant motion 合运动parallel平行fixed axis 固定轴counterclockwise motion 逆时针运动angular acceleration 角加速度clockwise motion顺时针运动separation 间隔translation 平动angular velocity 角速度trajectory 轨迹§6.2 Law of Rotation of a Rigid Body about a Fixed Axis（刚体定轴转动定律）moment of inertia 转动惯量rotation axis 旋转轴torque 力矩proportionality constant比例常数element of mass 质元line of action of force 力的作用线analogue 类似；相似perpendicular distance垂直距离distribution of mass 质量分布pivot about 围绕…旋转；以…为轴旋转moment arm 力臂is proportional to与…成正比§6.3 Calculation of Moments of Inertia for Rigid Bodies（转动惯量的计算）an extended body 延续实体hoop圆环spherical shell薄球壳solid sphere实心球spherical cavity球腔linear density线密度§6.4 Application of Law of Rotation of a Rigid Body about a FixedAxis（刚体定轴转动定律应用）orientation 方向；方位atwood’s machine伍德机brake制动器，刹车pedal踏板sprocket链轮齿bearing轴承pulley滑轮nonslip 无滑动§6.5 Conservation of Angular Momentum with Respect to the Fixed Axis（对定轴角动量守恒）resultant external torque合外力矩isolated隔离的valid 有效；适用pin 销；轴hapter 7Electric Fields of Stationary Electric Charges（静止电荷的电场）§7.1 Charge（电荷）Electricity电学magnetism磁学accelerator 加速器interatomic原子间的amber琥珀magnetite磁铁矿electrification充电magnet磁铁charge 电荷quantized量子化的quantization量子化proton质子electrically charged带电的charged body带电体conservation守恒uncharged不带电的§7.2 Coulomb’s Law（库仑定律）Coulomb’s Law库仑定律inversely proportional to相反地separating 分开的permittivity介电常数hydrogen氢opposite sign符号相反§7.3 The Electric Field（电场）electric field 电场test charge检验电荷distribution分布X-ray X-射线lightning闪电electronic电子的intermolecular分子间的rub摩擦magnesia氧化镁electromagnetism电磁学plastic rod塑料棒repel排斥attract 吸引suspend悬挂neutron中子electron电子neutral中性的integer整数integral multiple整数倍proportional to正比于square平方product乘积repulsive排斥Coulomb constant库仑常数superposition principle叠加原理electric field (intensity) 电场强度source charge场源电荷radio waves无线电波atmosphere大气thundercloud 雷雨云§7.4 Calculation of Electric Field（电场的计算）stationarydenominatorelectric dipoleelectric dipole momentspherically symmetriccontinuous charge distributioncharge elementstrategy静止的分母电偶极子电偶极矩球对称电荷连续分布元电荷策略bisector平分线manipulation处理linear charge density电荷线密度surface charge density 电荷面密度volume charge density电荷体密度ring charge带电圆环charged disk带电圆盘infinite plate of charge无限大带电平面§7.5 Electric Field Lines and Electric Flux（电场线和电通量）electric field lines电场线electric flux电通量infinity无穷远visualize形象化strength强度penetrate穿过qualitative定量的closed surface闭合曲面align排列thread线intersection 相交cross交叉§7.6 Gauss’s Law（高斯定理）Gauss’s law 高斯定理arbitrary shape 任意形状gaussian surface 高斯面electric flux电通量principle 原理practice实际§7.7 Application of Gauss’s Law（高斯定理的应用）algebraic代数的rearrange重新整理charge distribution电荷分布spherical symmetry 球对称cylindrical symmetry 柱对称plane symmetry 平面对称symmetric对称的spherical shell球壳infinite length无限长infinite plane无限大平面Chapter 8 Electric Potential（电势）§8.1 Conservativity of Electrostatic Field（静电场的保守性）line integral线积分conservative force field 保守力场closed path闭合路径conservative保守的circuital theorem for electrostatic field静电场环路定理§8.2 Potential Difference and Electric Potential（电势差和电势）potential difference电势差electric potential电势infinity无穷远electrostatic potential energy 静电势能volt伏特voltage电压electron volt电子伏特battery电池§8.3 Calculation of Electric Potential（电势的计算）equipotential surface等势面broken lines虚线semicircular半圆的insulating绝缘的infinite无限的dashed lines虚线extend延伸solid lines实线finite有限的arbitrary任意的function函数curved surface曲面§8.4 Electric Potential Gradient（电势梯度）gradient梯度notation符号potential Gradient电势梯度maximum最大值right angle 直角sketch勾画§8.5 Electrostatic Potential Energy（静电势能）electrostatic potential energy 静电势能vicinity附近Chapter 9 Conductor in Electrostatic Field（静电场中的导体）§9.1 Conductors in Electrostatic Equilibrium（导体的静电平衡）isolated conductor 孤立导体electrostatic equilibrium静电平衡equipotential body等势体radius of curvature曲率半径electrostatic shielding静电屏蔽neutralize电中和sharp point discharge尖端放电lightning rod 避雷针cosmic rays 宇宙射线lightning stroke雷击glow discharge 辉光放电ion离子corona discharge电晕放电shrink收缩cavity 空腔grounding接地curved surface 曲面conducting wire导线collision碰撞thunderstorm雷暴induced charge 感应电荷insert插入guarantee保证contradiction 矛盾§9.2 Calculation of Electrostatic Field with Conductors Nearby（有导体存在时静电场的分析与计算）conducting slab 导电板lateral area侧面uncharged conductor不带电导体edge effect边缘效应redistribute 重新分配external外部Chapter 10 Capacitors and Dielectrics in Electrostatic Field （电容器和静电场中的电介质）§10.1 Capacitance and Capacitors（电容和电容器）Leyden jar 莱顿瓶flash 闪光灯capacitance电容coaxial同轴的capacitor电容器coaxial cable同轴电缆parallel-plate capacitor 平行平板电容器concentric同心的cylindrical capacitor圆柱形电容器parallel combination 并联spherical capacitor 球形电容器series combination串联submultiple因数farad 法拉microfarad 微法拉picofarad 皮法拉rectify 调整inductance 自感应ignition 点火sparking打火花metallic金属(性)的combination联合、组合equivalent相当的§10.2 Dielectrics and Electric Field（电介质与电场）dielectric电介质relative dielectric constant 相对介电常数voltmeter 伏特计insulating绝缘的dielectric breakdown介质击穿dielectric strength介电强度§10.3 Polarization of Dielectrics（电介质的极化）polarize极化polar molecules极性分子polarization 极化nonpolar molecules非极性分子induced dipole moments 感应电矩permanent electric dipole moments 固有电矩surface charge表面电荷align排成一线orient取向bound charge束缚电荷homogeneous 均匀的free charge 自由电荷microwave 微波oven 烤箱vibrate 振动tune 调整resonate 共振oscillate 振荡§10.4 Gauss’s Law for Elect ric Displacement Vector（高斯定律）electric displacement 电位移dielectric constant介电常数deliberately故意地the flux of D(r) D(r) 的通量permittivity电容率§10.5 Energy Stored in a Charged Capacitor（电容器的能量）transfer转移electrostatic potential energy 静电势能battery电池electrostatic field energy 静电场能increment 增量energy density能量密度transformation转化maximum operating voltage 最大工作电压terminal 终端deliver递送dissipate消散pathway路径Chapter 11 Magnetic Force (磁力)§11.1 Nature of Magnetic Force(磁力的本质)magnetite磁铁矿石bar magnet条形磁铁interaction 相互作用magnetic pole磁极electric current loops of molecules分子环形电流§11.2 Magnetic Field and Magnetic Field Vector(磁场和磁感应强度)magnetic field磁场magnetic field vector=magnetic induction =magnetic flux density磁感应强度magnetic force 磁场力Lorentz force 洛仑兹力B-line磁感(应)线magnetic flux磁通量tesla(T)特（斯拉）weber韦伯§11.3 Motion of a Charged Particle in a Magnetic Field(带电粒子在磁场中的运动)cyclotron period回旋周期magnetic focusing磁聚焦helix螺旋线pitch螺距magnetic lens磁镜magnetic confinement 磁约束a magnetic bottle磁瓶the mass spectrometer 质谱仪schematic drawing示意图ion离子precision 精确度proton质子deuteron 氘核bombard 轰击cyclotron 加速器dees D型盒evacuate抽成真空shield屏蔽oscillate 振动plasma等离子体nuclear fusion核聚变Van Allen belts范阿仑辐射带§11.4 The Hall Effect(霍尔效应)the Hall voltage 霍尔电压the drift velocity漂移速度§11.5 Magnetic Force on a Current-carrying Conductor(载流导体在磁场中受力—安培力)current-carrying conductor/wire载流导体/导线current loop in a uniform magnetic field匀强磁场中的载流线圈linear element 线元current element vector 电流元矢量loop 环, 回路magnetic moment of a current loop载流线圈磁矩rectangular loop矩形回路a wire segment 一段导线strip 条；带Chapter 12 Source of Magnetic Field（磁场的源）§12.1 The Magnetic Field of Moving Point Charges（运动点电荷的磁场）permeability of free space真空磁导率§12.2 The Biot-Savart Law（毕奥-萨伐尔定律）the Biot-Savart Law毕奥-萨伐尔定律permeability of free space真空磁导率Gauss’law in magnetism磁场的高斯定律magnetic monopoles磁单极solenoid螺线管turn匝current-carrying wire 载流导线encircle环绕current element电流元diverge发散converge聚合magnetic pole磁极magnet磁铁magnetic flux磁通量§12.3 Ampere Circuital Theorem （安培环路定理）penetrate穿过bounded by以…为边界finite point 有限点line integral线积分§12.4 Application of Ampere Circuital Theorem（安培环路定理的应用）current-carrying wire 载流导线circumference 周长cylindrical shell圆柱形壳toroid螺绕环inner radius 内径outer radius外径spherical conductor 球形导体§12.5 Magnetic Field due to Varying Electric Field（与变化的电场相联系的磁场）displacement current位移电流generalized Ampere’s Law广义安培环路定理conduction current传导电流magnetic monopole磁单级postulate假设total current全电流steady current恒定电流§12.6 The Magnetic Force Between Two Parallel Current-carryingWires（平行电流间的相互作用力）antiparallel反平行Chapter 13 Magnetic Media in Magnetic Field（磁场中的磁介质）§13.1 Effect on Magnetic Field Caused by Magnetic Media（磁介质对磁场的影响）magnetic medium磁介质diamagnetic medium抗磁质paramagnetic medium顺磁质ferromagnetic material 铁磁质magnetic moment 磁矩paramagnetism 顺磁性partial alignment部分取向electron spin 电子自旋magnetic dipole 磁偶极子ferromagnetism 铁磁性diamagnetism抗磁性induced magnetic moment感生磁矩permanent magnetic moment固有磁矩§13.2 Atomic Magnetic Dipole Moments（原子磁矩）magnetization磁化atomic原子的magnetic dipole moment磁矩orbital magnetic moment 轨道磁矩quantum theory量子理论intrinsic spin angular momentum内禀自旋角动量§13.3 Magnetization（磁介质的磁化）magnetization n.磁化、磁化强度magnetize . 磁化atomic current loopamperian currentcross-sectional area分子环流v安培电流横截面积induced magnetic dipole moments感生磁矩surface magnetization current/ bound current面磁化电流(面束缚电流)applied magnetic field外加磁场magnetic susceptibility磁化率relative permeability相对磁导率bismuth 铋Bohr magneton玻尔磁子superconductor超导体emf电动势§13.4 Ferromagnetic Materials（铁磁质）iron铁cobalt钴nickel镍alloy 合金ferromagnetism 铁磁性magnetic domain磁畴critical temperature临界温度Curie temperature居里温度thermal agitation热扰动end effect边界效应magnetic saturation磁饱和reversible 可逆的magnetic hysteresis磁滞效应hysteresis loop 磁滞回线magnetization curve磁化曲线initial magnetization curve起始磁化曲线remnant magnetization剩磁coercive force矫顽力memory 记忆能力magnetize磁化demagnetize去磁，退磁transformer 变压器motor 电动机secondary coil副线圈cycle循环irreversible process 不可逆过程hard ferromagnetic materials硬磁性材料soft ferromagnetic materials软磁性材料hysteresis loss磁滞损耗（铁损）Curie point居里点permanent magnet永久磁体,magnetic tape磁带，memory unit记忆元件iron cores铁芯galvanometer 电流计rr§13.5 Circuital Theorem for H （H 的环路定理）magnetic intensity磁场强度magnetization current 磁化电流free current自由电流isotropic各向同性的permeability磁导率relative permeability相对磁导率Chapter 14 Electromagnetic Induction（电磁感应）§14.1 Faraday Law of Electromagnetic Induction（法拉第电磁感应定律）electromagnetic induction 电磁感应induction current感应电流emf (electromotive force) 电动势induction emf 感生电动势weber韦伯Lenz Law楞次定律polarity极性§14.2 Motional emf（动生电动势）motional emf 动生电动势§14.3 Induced emf and Induced Electric Field（感生电动势和感生电场）nonelectrostatic force非静电力induced emf 感生电动势induced electric field感生电场vortex field涡旋场eddy currents 涡流nonconservative field 非保守场time-varying field时变场alternate变化alternative 交流电的，交变的laminated叠片（组成）的§14.4 Mutual Induction（互感现象）mutual induction互感现象mutual inductance互感系数emf by mutual induction互感电动势orientation 方位§14.5 Self-induction（自感现象）self-induction自感现象self-inductance 自感系数inductor电感self-induced emf 自感电动势is proportional to正比于§14.6 Energy of Magnetic Field（磁场的能量）magnetic energy density磁场能量密度energy due to mutual induction互感磁能Chapter 15 Maxwell’s Equations and Electromagnetic Waves （麦克斯韦方程组组与电磁波波）§15-1 Maxwell’s Equations（麦克斯韦方程组）§15-2 Electromagnetic Waves（电磁波）propagation传播in phase同相、同步transverse waves横波wavelength波长visible spectrum可见光谱infrared waves 红外波radiation 辐射ultraviolet ray紫外线Poynging vector 坡印亭矢量§15-3 The Wave Equation for Electromagnetic Waves（电磁波的方程）wave function波函数wave equation波的方程wave number 波数angular frequency 角频率plane wave平面波Chapter 16 Temperature and the Kinetic Theory of Gases（温度与气体运动论）§16.1 Thermal Equilibrium and Temperature （热平衡及温度）temperature 温度hotness热coldness冷thermometric property热力学特性thermal contact热接触the average internal molecular kinetic energy 分子内平均动能thermal equilibrium热平衡electrical conductor 导电器the zeroth law of thermodynamics热力学第零定律temperature scale温标§16.2 The Celsius and Fahrenheit Temperature Scales（摄氏温标与华氏温标）thermometer温度计temperature scale温标the ice-point temperature冰点温度freezing point冰点steam-point沸点normal boiling point标准沸点the steam-point temperature 气化点温度the Celsius temperature scale摄氏温标the Fahrenheit temperature scale华氏温标§16.3 Gas Thermometers and the Absolute Temperature Scale（气体温度计和绝对温标）calibrate 校对、校准discrepancy差异volume 体积density密度sufficiently low 足够低sulfur硫a constant-volume gas thermometer等容气体温度计triple point of water 水的三相点ideal-gas temperature scale理想气体温标absolute temperature scale绝对温标nitrogen氮hydrogen氢oxygen氧recalibrate再校准extrapolate外推，向外延长triple point 三相点coexist共存helium氦liquefy液化in terms of 利用rigid body刚体insulator绝缘体Kelvin scale 开尔文温标§16.4 The Ideal-Gas Law（理想气体定律）Boyle’s law玻意耳定律constant volume 等体Boltzmann’s constant玻耳兹曼常量mole摩尔Avogadro’s number 阿伏伽德罗常量carbon atom碳原子universal gas constant普适气体常量ideal gas理想气体equation of state状态方程state variable状态参量standard condition标准条件subscript 下标§16.5 The Kinetic Theory of Gases（气体分子运动论）macroscopic state variable宏观状态变量microscopic quantity微观量walls of a container容器壁translational kinetic energy平动动能root mean square (rms) speed方均根速率order of magnitude量级piston活塞redistribute 再分布partition 分配equipartition theorem（能）均分定理classical statistical mechanics经典统计力学degree of freedom自由度monatomic 单原子的bond键diatomic 双原子的polyatomic 多原子的vibration振动mean free path平均自由程air current 气流convection 对流diffuse扩散reciprocal倒数frequency频率§16.6 Maxwell Speed Distribution Function（麦克斯韦速率分布函数）probability概率abscissa横坐标normalization condition 归一化条件most probable distribution最概然分布Chapter 17 Heat and the First Law of Thermodynamics （热及热力学第一定律）§17.1 Heat Capacity and Specific Heat（热容与比热）atomist 原子学家thermal energy 热能manifestation 表现形式molecular motion 分子运动thermal contact热接触caloric a.热的n.热（质）internal energy 内能heat capacity热容量phase相heat conduction热传导calorie卡（路里）molar mass摩尔质量Law of conservation of energy能量守恒定律The first law of thermodynamics 热力学第一定律be proportional to和…成正比molar specific heat摩尔比热solar heating system太阳能热系统coolant冷却液§17.2 Change of Phase and Latent Heat（相变与潜热）heat capacity热容量phase change相变vaporization汽化，蒸发fusion 熔化melting融化condensation 凝聚sublimation升华carbon dioxide二氧化碳crystalline a. 结晶的、晶状的n.结晶体average translational kinetic energy平均平动动能latent heat潜热§17.3 Joule’s Experiment（焦耳实验）thermally insulated绝热的mechanical equivalence of heat热功当量§17.4 The Internal Energy of an Ideal Gas（理想气体内能）internal energy 内能real gas实际气体§17.5 Work and the PV Diagram for a Gas（功与气体PV图）quasi-static process准静态过程piston活塞isobaric等压的isothermal 等温的§17.6 The First Law of Thermodynamics（热力学第一定律）§17.7 Heat Capacities of Gases（气体的热容）infinitesimal无穷小的§17.8 The Quasi-Static Adiabatic Process for an Ideal Gas（理想气体准静态绝热过程）compression 压缩Poisson formula 泊松公式process equations 过程方程§17.9 Kinds of Thermodynamic Processes（热力学过程的种类）Chapter 18 The Second Law of Thermodynamics（热力学第二定律）§18.1 Heat Engines and the Second Law of Thermodynamics（热机与热力学第二定律）second law of thermodynamics 热力学第二定律Kelvin statement开尔文表述Clausius statement 克劳修斯表述heat engine热机working substance工质steam engine蒸汽机internal-combustion engine内燃机heat reservoir热库vaporize 汽化condenser冷凝器exhaust valve 排气阀combustion chamber 燃烧室intake stroke进气冲程ignite点燃spark plug火花塞power stroke做功冲程Otto cycle 奥拓循环efficiency of a heat engine热机的效率§18.2 Refrigerators and the Second Law of Thermodynamics（制冷机与热力学第二定律）§18.3 Equivalence of the Heat-Engine and Refrigerator Statements（开尔文表述与克劳修斯表述的等价性）§18.4 The Carnot Engine and Carnot Cycle（卡诺热机与卡诺循环）refrigeration cycle 制冷循环efficiency of positive cycle正循环的效率Carnot cycle 卡诺循环Carnot engine 卡诺热机expansion 膨胀compression压缩schematic diagram原理图、示意图friction摩擦reversible可逆的Carnot efficiency 卡诺效率irreversible 不可逆的dissipative force耗散力nonequilibrium state 非平衡态viscous force粘滞力§18.5 Degradation of Energy（能量的损失）§18.6 Irreversibility and Disorder（不可逆性与无序性）microscopic state微观状态macroscopic state宏观状态disorder无序性random motion无规则运动§18.7 Entropy（熵）Boltzmann entropy玻耳兹曼熵principle of entropy increase熵增加原理additivity of entropy熵的可加性statistical meaning 统计意义reversible process 可逆过程infinitesimal无穷小的function of state 状态函数§18.8 Entropy and Probability（熵与概率）microscopic state微观态macroscopic state宏观态spontaneously自发地evacuated 真空的Chapter 19 Oscillatory Motion（振动）§19.1 Description of Simple Harmonic Motion（简谐运动的描述）oscillation/ vibration振动oscillatory motion 振动simple harmonic motion (SHM)简谐运动Spring弹簧equilibrium position平衡位置period 周期frequency频率hertz(Hz)赫兹reciprocal倒数amplitude振幅phase相、位相、周相phase angle /(phase constant) 初相、初位相integer times 整数倍a variety of很多displacement 位移velocity速度acceleration 加速度substitute替换（代）disturb扰动trigonometric三角法的，据三角法的kinematics 运动学compensate补偿§19.2 Phasor and Phase（旋转矢量与振动的相）circular motion 圆周运动initial position初始位置angular displacement 角位移angular speed 角速度in phase同相antiphase /180°out of phase反相component分量projection投影§19.3 Dynamic Equation for Simple Harmonic Motion（简谐运动的动力学方程）force constant of a spring倔强系数restoring force 恢复力harmonic oscillator谐振子in phase同相derivative/differentiate 微商，导数substitute替换、替代damping减幅，衰减sustain 维持compensate补偿，修正stiffness坚硬，硬度pitch定调negative/minus 负，减dynamics 动力学§19.4 Examples of Simple Harmonic Motion（简谐运动的实例）simple pendulum单摆physical pendulum物理摆/复摆pendulum bob摆锤pivot转动的轴moment of inertia转动惯量component分量torque扭矩，转矩§19.5 Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion（简谐运动的能量）§19.6 Combination of Simple Harmonic Motion（简谐运动的合成）combination 合成component分量periodically 周期性地triangle relation三角关系beat拍beat frequency 拍频§19.7 Damped Oscillations, Driven Oscillations and Resonance（阻尼振动受迫振动共振）damped oscillations阻尼振动overdamping过阻尼overdamped 过阻尼的underdamped欠阻尼的critical damping 临界阻尼nonoscillatory不摆动的，不波动的molasses 糖蜜critically damped 临界阻尼的driven oscillations受迫振动resonance共振natural angular frequency固有角频率natural period固有周期Chapter 20 Waves（波动）§20.1 Traveling Waves（行波）disturbance扰动propagate v.传播propagation n.传播medium媒质、媒介mechanical waves机械波。

平均速度average velocity['ævəridʒ] [vi'lɔsiti瞬时速度instantaneous velocity[,ɪnstən'teinjəs]圆柱形cylinder['silində] 械振动mechanical vibration [vaɪ'breɪʃən]简谐振动simple harmonic oscillation [hɑ:'mɔnik]振幅amplitude ['æmplɪ,tu:d, -,tju:d]频率frequency ['fri:kwənsi]赫兹hertz [hə:ts]单摆simple pendulum ['pendjuləm]受迫振动forced vibration共振resonance ['rezənəns]机械波mechanical wave介质medium ['mi:djəm]横波transverse wave [træns'vɜ:s]纵波longitudinal wave [lɔndʒi'tju:dinl]波长wavelength ['weɪv,leŋkθ]超声波supersonic wave [,sju:pə'sɔnik]速率speed[spi:d]v-t 图象v-t graph[ɡrɑ:f]加速度acceleration [æk,selə'reɪʃən]普朗克Planck匀变速直线运动uniform variable rectilinear motion['ju:nifɔ:m] ['vɛəriəbl] [,rekti'liniə]初速度initial velocity[i'niʃəl] [vi'lɔsiti]自由落体运动free-fall motion自由落体加速free-fall acceleration[æk,selə'reɪʃən]重力加速度gravitational acceleration [,ɡrævi'teiʃnəl]伽利略Galileo Galilei力force[fɔ:s]牛顿Newton['nju:tn]重力gravity['ɡræviti]重心center of gravity['sentə]万有引力gravitation[,grævɪ'teɪʃən]电磁相互electromagnetic interaction[ɪ,lektrəʊmæg'netɪk] 强相互作用strong interaction[,ɪntər'ækʃən]弱相互作用weak interaction形变deformation[,di:fɔ:'meɪʃən,]弹性形变elastic deformation[i'læstik] [,di:fɔ:'meɪʃən,]弹性限度elastic limit[i'læstik] ['limit]弹力elastic force[i'læstik] [fɔ:s]劲度系数coefficient of stiffness[,kəʊə'fɪʃənt] ['stɪfnɪs]胡克定律Hooke law[lɔ:]摩擦力friction force['frikʃən]静摩擦力static frictional force['stætik] ['frikʃən]滑动摩擦力sliding frictional force['slaidiŋ]动摩擦因数dynamic friction factor[dai'næmik]合力resultant force[ri'zʌltənt]分力component force[kəm'pəunənt]力的合成composition of forces[,kɔmpə'ziʃən]平行四边形定则parallelogram rule[,pærə'lelə,græm]共点力concurrent forces[kən'kɜ:rənt,]力的分解resolution of force[,rezə'lu:ʃən]三角形定则triangular rule[traɪ'æŋgjələ] [ru:l]运动学kinematics[kini'mætiks]动力学dynamics[dai'næmiks]牛顿第一定律Newton first law['nju:tn] [lɔ:]惯性inertia [i'nə:ʃjə]惯性定律law of inertia[i'nə:ʃjə]质量mass[mæs]惯性系inertial system['sistəm]牛顿第二定律Newton second law单位制system of units国际单位制Le Systeme International Unites SI[,ɪntə'næʃənəl] 作用力action['ækʃən]反作用力reaction[ri'ækʃən]牛顿第三定律Newton third law超重overweight[,əʊvə'weɪt]失重weightlessness['weɪtlɪs]误差error['erə]偶然误差accidental error[,æksi'dentl]系统误差systematic error [,sistə'mætik]绝对误差absolute error['æbsəlu:t]相对误差relative error['relətiv]亚里士多德Aristotle曲线运动curvilinear motion[kə:vi'liniə]基尔霍夫Kirchhoff切线tangent['tændʒənt]抛体运动projectile motion[prə'dʒektəl,]抛物线parabola[pə'ræbələ]线速度linear velocity['liniə]匀速圆周运动uniform circular motion['ju:nifɔ:m] ['sə:kjulə] 角速度angular velocity['æŋgjələ]弧度radian['reidjən]周期period['piəriəd]向心加速度centripetal acceleration[sen'trɪpɪtl]向心力centripetal force[sen'trɪpɪtl]开普勒Kepler引力常量gravitational constant [,ɡrævi'teiʃnəl] ['kɔnstənt] 万有引力定律law of universal gravitation[,ju:ni'və:səl]第一宇宙速度first cosmic velocity['kɔzmik]第二宇宙速度second cosmic velocity第三宇宙速度third cosmic velocity黑洞black hole能力energy['enədʒi]势能potential energy[pə'tenʃəl]动能kinetic energy[kɪ'netɪk, kaɪ-]功work[wə:k]焦耳joule[dʒu:l]功率power['pauə]瓦特watt['pauə]重力势能gravitational potential energy [,ɡrævi'teiʃnəl] [pə'tenʃəl]弹性势能elastic potential energy[i'læstik] [pə'tenʃəl]动能定理theorem of kinetic energy['θi:ərəm]机械能mechanical energy[mi'kænikəl] [kɪ'netɪk]机械能守恒定律law of conservation of mechanical energy[,kɔnsə'veiʃən] [mi'kænikəl]能量守恒定律law of energy conservation[,kɔnsə'veiʃən]亥姆霍兹Helmholtz['helmhəults]力force拉力traction['trækʃən]力矩torque[tɔ:k]动量momentum[məu'mentəm]角动量angular momentum ['æŋgjələ] 振动vibration[vaɪ'breɪʃən]振幅amplitude['æmplɪ,tu:d, -,tju:d]波wave[weiv]驻波standing wave['stændɪŋ]震荡oscillation[,ɔsə'leɪʃən]相干波coherent wave[kəu'hiərənt]干涉interference[,ɪntə'fiərəns]衍射diffraction[di'frækʃən]轨道obital大小magnatitude方向direction[di'rekʃən]水平horizental竖直vertical['və:tikəl]相互垂直perpendicular[,pɜ:pən'dɪkjələ] 坐标coordinate[kəu'ɔ:dineit]直角坐标系cersian coordinate system极坐标系polar coordinate system['pəulə] 弹簧spring[spriŋ]球体sphere[sfiə]环loop[lu:p] 盘型disc。

物理（127个）词汇释义acceleration 加速度anion 阴离子ammeter 安培表amplitude 振幅band 条,带bar 条,带bombard 轰击cation 阳离子capacitor 电容centripetal force 向心力circuit 电路coherent 相干的coil 线圈collision 碰撞comet 彗星convection 对流converging lens 凸透镜coulomb 库仑critical angle 临界角decay 衰变deflecte 偏转density 密度diffraction 衍射dilation 伸长diminish 减小discrete 离散的，不连续的diverge 分开，分岔diverging lens 凹透镜elastic 弹性的electric generator 发电机electric motor 电动机electromotive force(e.m.f.) 电动势elctron capture 电子捕获emission 散发，发射entropy 熵estimate 估计excited state 激发态exert 施加expansion 膨胀fiber optic 光导纤维focal length 焦距spring(or force) constant (弹簧的)倔强系数frequency 频率frictionless 光滑无摩擦的gravity 重力ground state 基态half-life 半衰期halve 减半的horizontal 水平的hydraulic jack 液压千斤顶impinge 撞击incident ray 入射光index of refraction 折射率induction current 感应电流inertia 惯性initial 初始的interference 干涉internal 内部的isotope 同位素kinetic energy 动能latent heat 潜热lever 杠杆longitudinal wave 纵波magnetic 磁的magnetic flux 磁通量magnify 扩大magnitude 大小mass 质量matter wave 物质波moment 力矩momentum 动量negligible 可忽略的neutron 中子nuclear fission 核裂变nuclear fusion 核聚变optic 光学的oscillate 振动，摇摆parabola 抛物线parallel 并联particle 粒子pendulum 钟摆permanent 永久的photon 光子pitch 音高polarization 偏振positron 正电子potential energy 势能power 功率propagation 传播proton 质子pulley 滑轮radioactive 放射性refracte 折射relativity 相对性resistor 电阻rest 静止revolution 一周rigid 刚性的scalar 标量semiconductor 半导体series 串联sign （电量等的）符号simple harmonic motion 简谐运动simultaneously 同时地slit 狭缝solenoid 螺线管spectrum 光谱，波谱speed 速率sphere 球体spring 弹簧standing wave 驻波superconductor 超导体superimpose 叠加tesla 特斯拉(磁强单位) thermal 热量的thermodynamics 热力学torque 转矩，扭矩total reflection 全反射transition 跃迁transverse wave 横波uniform 均匀的velocity 速度virtual image 虚像voltage 电压voltmeter 电压表wavelength 波长wave-particle duality 波粒二象性。

物理学科常⽤单词ensemble报错英[?n's?mb(?)l]美[ɑn'sɑmbl]跟读⼝语练习n. 全体；总效果；全套服装；全套家具；合奏组adv. 同时oxide-assistant growth氧化物辅助⽣长penetration[pen·e·tra·tion || ?pen?'tre??n]n.穿透; 穿透深度; 穿透能⼒; 渗透electrode[e·lec·trode || ?'lektr??d]n.电极weak[w??k]adj.不牢固的, 虚弱的, 弱的trivial[?trivi?l]a.琐碎的，不重要的type[ta?p]n.类型, 模范, 典型hybrid['haibrid]n.混⾎⼉, 杂种, 混合物a.混合的, 杂种的, 混合语的potential barrier penetration 势垒贯穿linear harmonic oscillator 线性谐振⼦zero proint energy 零点能Coulomb field 库仑场operator 算符angular momentum operator ⾓动量算符eigen value 本征值secular equation 久期⽅程dipole transition 偶极⼦跃迁filter[fil·ter || 'f?lt?(r)]n.过滤器, ⽤于分隔过滤的东西;v.过滤, ⾛漏, 渗透; 滤过; ⾛漏; 渗⼊thermionic[,θ?:mi'?nik]a.热离⼦的[电]热离energy barrier2能障(能量位垒)trade off物物交换, 交换; 权衡, 让步parameter[pa·ram·e·ter || p?'r?m?t?(r)]n.参数, 参量; 界限; 因素, 特征;external[ex'ter·nal || -nl]n.外部; 外⾯adj.外部的, 表⾯的, 客观的finite[fi·nite || 'fa?na?t]adj.有限的; 限定的; 有穷的an idealized quantum wirecomplementaryadj.补充的; 补⾜的seebeck coefficient[电]塞贝克系数generic[ge·ner·ic || d??'ner?k]adj.属的; ⼀般的; 类的tuning[tun·ing || 'tu?n??/'tju-]n.调⾳, 调律, 调整coefficient[co·ef·fi·cient || ?k'f??nt]n.系数power factor[化]功率因数evaluate[e·val·u·ate || ?'v?lj?e?t]v.评估, 赋值, 评价open circuit[化]开路; 断路[医]断路, 切断电路operatinga.操作的, ⼯作的, 营业上的, 业务的, 关于收⽀的, 关于损益的, 外科⼿术的approach[??pr?ut?]v.靠近n.接近,临近;途径;⽅式,⽅法chemical potential化学势mechanism[mech·a·nism || 'mek?n?zm]n.机械, 结构, 机构be independent of temperature.compare our results across the three systems configuration[con·fig·u·ra·tion || k?n?f?gj?'re??n] n.结构; 形态; 表⾯配置; ⾏星的⽅位for simplicity为简单起见symmetrically[si'metikli]ad.匀称地, 对称地equilibrium[,i:kwi'libri?m]n.平衡, 平静, 均衡[化]平衡[医]平衡at equilibriumnonlinear operationnonlinear[?n?n?lini?]⾮线性; ⾮线性的; ⾮直线型的⾮线性运算division[di·vi·sion || d?'v??n]n.区分, 分开, 除法; 部门magnetotransport磁运输measurement['meas·ure·ment || 'me??(r)m?nt] n.测量法; 尺⼨; 度量presence[pres·ence || 'prezns]n.出席, 存在, 到场the orbital motion of electrons电⼦轨道运动preserveda.喝醉的[计]保留的spin-orbit interaction[化]⾃旋轨道偶合interaction[?int??r?k??n]n.相互作⽤，相互影响fluctuation[fluc·tu·a·tion || ?fl?kt??'e??n]n.波动; 动摇; 变动deduce[di?dju:s]vt.推论，推断，演绎ground state基态first excited statea fixed number of electronspromising['prom·is·ing || 'prɑm?s??/'pr?m-] adj.有希望的, 前途有望的spintronics⾃旋电⼦学effective massmagnetic moment[化]磁矩concerning[con'cerning || -n??]prep.关于spin[spin]n.旋转, ⾃旋, 疾驰, 情绪低落fabrication[fab·ri·ca·tion || ?f?br?'ke??n] n.制作; 伪造物; 构成fabrication[fab·ri·ca·tion || ?f?br?'ke??n] n.制作; 伪造物; 构成epitaxial[?ep?ˋt?ks??l]外延的render[?rend?]vt.使得，致使；给予，提供；翻译magnetic field磁场spectrum[spec·trum || 'spektr?m]n.谱; 频谱; 光谱; 射频频谱the quenching of the orbital momentum轨道动量的淬灭quantum devices量⼦器件nanomaterialparticle[par·ti·cle || 'pɑrt?kl /'pɑ?t-]n.粒⼦, 极⼩量, 点A strongreduction in the effective electron or hole g factor toward 2 ultra[ul·tra || '?ltr?] adj.过度的, 极端的, 过激的heterostructure[?het?r??ˋstr?kt??(r)]异晶结构; 异质结构exceed[ex·ceed || ?k'si?d]v.超过, 胜过, 超越magnetic field splitting磁场劈裂complementaryadj.补充的; 补⾜的blockade[block·ade || bl?'ke?d]n.封锁; 障碍物, 阻碍物; 道路阻塞v.封锁; 挡住; 阻塞diagram电荷稳定性图conductance ridges电导脊fabricate['fab·ri·cate || 'f?br?ke?t]v.制造; 伪造; 组装; 杜撰reactor[ri??kt?]n.反应堆aerosol['??r?us?l]n.烟, 雾[化]⽓溶胶; 烟雾剂diameter[di·am·e·ter || da?'?m?t?]n.直径substraten.底层, 地层, 衬底, 基底, 基质, 酶作⽤物, 酶解物[计]衬底; 基⽚[化]反应物nucleation[化]成核作⽤with respect to关于，⾄于indiumn.铟antimony[an·ti·mo·ny || '?nt?m?n?]n.锑blende[blend]n.闪锌矿stacking faults,twin boundarieswithatomically flat {110}doped[d?upt]掺杂的; 掺杂过的thick[θ?k]adj.厚的, 浓的, 粗壮的adv.厚厚地; 浓浓地; 密集地; 强烈地capping layer覆盖层lithography[li'θ?gr?fi]n.平版印刷术electron beam.电⼦束etch[et?]v.蚀刻, 蚀镂; 施⾏蚀刻法solution[so·lu·tion || s?'lu??n]n.解决, 溶液, 解答evaporation[e·vap·o·ra·tion || ??v?p?'re??n]n.蒸发; 消失; 发散rinse[r?ns]n.冲洗; 染发; 漂洗; 染发剂v.以清⽔冲洗, 漂清, 漱arebriefly etched in a (NH4)2S x solution followed by a rinse inH2Ofabricate['fab·ri·cate || 'f?br?ke?t]v.制造; 伪造; 组装; 杜撰probe[pr??b]n.探针, 探测针, 调查v.⽤探针测, 详细调查; ⽤探针探查, 探测; 调查; 查究probe station探针台cryostat['krai?st?t]n.低温恒温器versus[?v?:s?s]prep.以…为对⼿，对；与…相⽐之下source-drain voltageback gate voltage, V bgcontact separation[电]接触分离diamond-shaped[ˋda??m?ndˋ?e?pt]菱形even['i:v?n]a.平坦的, 相等的, 连贯的, 均等的, 公平的, 偶数的, 平均的, 平衡的, 恰好的vt.使平坦, 使相等vi.变平, 成为相等ad.甚⾄, 实际上, 完全, ⼗分odd[ɑd /?d]adj.奇数的, 剩余的, 古怪的alternate['?:lt?n?t]a.交替的, 轮流的, 间隔的vt.轮流, (使)交替vi.轮流, (使)交替alternating交替的; 更迭的spin degeneracy[化]⾃旋简并性degeneracy[di?d?en?r?si]蜕化; 退化; 简并度; 简并性lateral[lat·er·al || 'l?t?r?l]n.侧部; 边⾳; ⽀线adj.侧⾯的, 旁边的oscillation[os·cil·la·tion || ɑs?'le??n /?s-] n.摆动; 振动评击]wurtzite[?w??tsait]纤维锌矿; 纤锌矿in thewurtzite phase,in the zinc blende phasedetachment[di?t?t?m?nt]after detachment from the growthsubstrate quantized量⼦化的topological拓扑的helical[?helik?l]螺线; 螺旋; 螺旋形plateau[?pl?t?u]n.⾼原；(上升后的)稳定时期(或状态)subband次能带spin?orbit coupling⾃选轨道耦合in the presence of a strong spin?orbit coupling由于⼀个强的⾃旋轨道耦合quasi['kwɑ:zi:]a.类似的, 准的computation[com·pu·ta·tion || ?k?mpju?'te??n]n.计算, 计量, 计数platform[plat·form || 'pl?tf?rm /-f??m]n.⽉台, 坛, 讲台polarization[po·lar·i·za·tion || ?p??l?ra?'ze??n]n.产⽣极性; 偏振; 极化; 对⽴, 给予两个相反的倾向;hybrid[?haibrid]桥接; 桥接岔路; 杂化; 杂种; 间⽣; 混合; 混合; 混合物; 混频环; 混杂的fulfillment[ful'fill·ment || f?l'f?lm?nt] n.完成, 履⾏; 满⾜, 成就; 实现extent[ik?stent]n.程度，范围，限度；⼴度，宽度，⼤⼩signature['sign?t??]n.签字, 识别标志, 调号diffusive[di'fju:siv]a.散播的, 冗长的, 扩散的The formation of subbandsspin-degenerate⾃旋简并suppression[sup'pres·sion || s?'pre?n]n.压制; 禁⽌; 镇压; 抑制micrometer[mai'kr?mit?]n.测微计[医]微⽶imperfection[im·per·fec·tion || ??mp?(r)'fek?n]n.不完美; 瑕疵; 缺点scatteringn.分散; 散落backscattering[ˋb?k?sk?t?r??]geometry[ge'om·e·try || d??'ɑm?tr?/-'?m-]n.⼏何学constriction[k?n'strik??n]n.压缩, 收缩, 紧压的感觉trajectory[tr??d?ekt?ri]n.(抛射物)弹道轨道indication[in·di·ca·tion || ??nd?'ke??n]n.指出; 迹象; 指⽰quasi['kwɑ:zi:]a.类似的, 准的spectroscopy[spek'tr?sk?pi]n.光谱学lock(-)in同步intermediate[,in·ter'me·di·ate || ??nt?(r)'m??d?e?td] n.中间物, 调停者v.作中间⼈; ⼲预adj.中间的, 中级的fraction[frac·tion || 'fr?k?n]n.分数, 破⽚, ⼩部分confirmation[con·fir·ma·tion || ?k?nf?'me??n]n.证实, 批准, 巩固; 确认derivative[di?riv?tiv]变型; 导数; 从变量; 派⽣的; 派⽣物; 衍化物; 衍⽣物; 诱导剂The derivative of conductance to gate voltage电导对于栅电压的导数transconductance[计]跨导intersect[?int??sekt ; -?r-]交叉; 相交schematicallyadv.纲要性地; 图表式地pronounced[pro'nounced || pr?'na?nst]adj.显著的, 明⽩的, 断然的dominate['domi·nate || 'dɑm?ne?t /'d?m]v.⽀配, 控制, 统治; ⾼耸于dominated中等的; 中等⽊obscure[?b?skju?]a.不著名的；费解的vt.使变模糊，掩盖enabling observation of the 0.5g Qplateau for B ≥2 T and the 1.0g Q plateau for B ≥3 T.schematic[sche·mat·ic || sk??'m?t?k]adj.概要的, 图解的macroscopic英[,m?kr?(?)'sk?p?k]美[,m?kr?'skɑp?k]adj. 宏观的；⾁眼可见的coherent transport line for microscopic quantum system 微观量⼦系统的相⼲输运过程intersection英[?nt?'sek?(?)n]美[,?nt?'s?k??n]n. 交叉；⼗字路⼝；交集；交叉点The schematic of Ohm’s law of classical transport for macroscopic system 对于宏观系统经典输运欧姆定律的图解discharge英[d?s't?ɑ?d?]美[d?s't?ɑrd?]vt. 解雇；卸下；放出；免除vi. 排放；卸货；流出n. 排放；卸货；解雇放电the microstructure evolution of silicon nanowires during the charge/discharge process as severing for the anode materialforlithium-ion batteries;thecharge-dischargecharacteristic curves.充放电特征曲线锂电池充放电过程中硅纳⽶线作为阳极的演化规律anode 英['?n??d]美['?nod]n. [电⼦] 阳极，[电] 正极。

英语词汇之物理词汇英语词汇之物理词汇英语词汇-物理词汇(2)Nn-type semiconductor n型半导体NAND gate 「与非」门，「非与」门naphthalene ?natural frequency 固有频率，自然频率nature 本质near point 近点necking 颈缩negater 反相器，倒换器negative charge 负电荷negative feedback 负反馈negative ion 负离子negative supply rail 负供电轨negative terminal 负端钮，负接线柱net force 净力network 网络，网络neutral 中性，中线neutral equilibrium 中性平衡，随遇平衡neutral point 中和点neutrino 中微子neutron 中子neutron number 中子数newton 牛顿Newtons first law of motion 牛顿运动第一定律Newtons law of gravitation 牛顿万有引力定律Newtons ring 牛顿环Newtons second law of motion 牛顿运动第二定律Newtons third law of motion 牛顿运动第三定律Newtonian fluid 牛顿流体Newtonian mechanics 牛顿力学nichrome wire 镍铬线，镍铬合金线Nicol prism 尼科尔棱镜nitrogen 氮no-parallax 无视差nodal line 节线node 节点，波节noise 噪音noise level 噪音级noise pollution 噪音污染non-conservative force 非守恒力，非保守力non-inertial frame 非惯性坐标系，非惯性系non-inverting input 非反相输入non-Newtonian fluid 非牛顿流体non-ohmic conductor 非奥姆导体non-ohmic resistor 非奥姆电阻器NOR gate 「或非」门，「非或」门normal 法线normal incidence 正入射normal reaction 法向反作用力normal stress 法向应力north pole 北极NOT gate 「非」门note 音，乐音，律音nozzle 喷嘴nuclear 原子核的nuclear energy 核能nuclear energy level 核能级nuclear fission 核裂变nuclear force 核力nuclear fusion 核聚变nuclear pile 核反应堆nuclear radiation 核辐射nuclear reaction 核反应nuclear rector 核反应堆nuclear waste 核废料nuclear weapon 核武器nucleon 核子nucleon number 核子数，质量数nucleus 原子核nuclide 核素Oobject 物，物体object distance 物距objective 接物镜，物镜obstacle 障碍物octave 八音度，倍频程Oersted 奥斯特ohm 奥姆Ohms law 奥姆定律ohmic conductor 奥姆导体ohmic resistor 奥姆电阻器ohmmeter 奥姆计oil film 油膜opaque 不透明的open circuit 断路，开路open pipe 开管open tube 开管open-loop control system 开环控制系统open-loop voltage gain 开环电压增益operating voltage 操作电压operational amplifier 运算放大器opposite phase 反相optical centre 光心optical density 光学密度optical fibre 光导纤维，光纤optical flatness 光学平度optical illusion 光幻象，视错觉optical instrument 光学仪器optical path 光程optical path difference 光程差optical system 光学系统，光具组optical thickness 光学厚度optically anisotropic 光学各向异性的optically denser medium 光密介质optically isotropic 光学各向同性的optically less dense medium 光疏介质optics 光学OR gate 「或」门orbit 轨道orbital electron 轨道电子order of magnitude 数量级ordinary ray 寻常光线orientation 取向，定向oscillation 振荡oscillator 振荡器oscillatory circuit 振荡电路oscilloscope 示波器Ostwalds viscometer 奥氏黏度计out of focus 离焦out of phase 异相output 输出output characteristic 输出特性output current 输出电流output power 输出功率output voltage 输出电压overload 超负荷，超载overtone 泛音Pp-type semiconductor p型半导体pair production 偶的产生，对的产生paraffin 石蜡parallax 视差parallel axis theorem 平行轴定理parallel beam projector 平行光束投射器parallel circuit 并联电路parallel forces 平行力parallel rays 平行光线parallel resonance 并联共振parallel resonance circuit 并联共振电路parallel-plate capacitor 平行板电容器parallelogram of forces 力平行四边形paramagnetism 顺磁性parameter 参量，参数paraxial ray 傍轴光线parent nucleus 母核parent nuclide 母核素parking orbit 驻留轨道partial polarization 部分偏振partial pressure 分压强partially polarized wave 部分偏振波particle 粒子particle movement 粒子运动，质点运动pascal 帕斯卡Paschen series 帕邢系，帕邢光谱path 路程path difference 程差peak value 峰值peak voltage 峰值电压peak-to-peak current 峰至峰电流peak-to-peak voltage 峰至峰电压pendulum 摆penetrating power 贯穿能力，贯穿本领，穿透能力，穿透本领penetration depth 贯穿深度，穿透深度percentage error 百分误差perfectly elastic 完全弹性的perfectly inelastic 完全非弹性的perigee 近地点perihelion 近日点period 周期periodic fading 周期性衰退periodic motion 周期运动periodic table 周期表periscope 潜望镜permanent magnet 永久磁铁，永磁体permeability 磁导率permeability of free space 真空磁导率permittivity 电容率，介电常数permittivity of free space 真空电容率perpendicular axis theorem 垂直轴定理，正交轴定理perpendicular distance 垂直距离Perrin tube 佩林管perspex 有机玻璃phase 相，相位phase angle 相角phase constant 相位常数，相位常量phase difference 相差，相位差phase lag 相位滞后phase lead 相位超前phasor 相矢量，相向量phon 方photo-timing gate 光控计时门photo-transistor 光敏晶体管photocell 光电池photodiode 光电二极管photoelasticity 光测弹性photoelectric cell 光电池photoelectric current 光电流photoelectric effect 光电效应photoelectric threshold 光电阈photoelectron 光电子photographic negative 照相底片photographic plate 照相底片，感光片photon 光子photosensitive 光敏的photosensitive surface 光敏面physical optics 物理光学physical property 物理性质physical quantity 物理量pick-up 拾音器，拾音piston 活塞pitch 螺距，音高，音调高度，音调Pitot tube 皮托管pivot 支点，支枢Planck constant 普朗克常数，普朗克常量plane mirror 平面镜plane of polarization 偏振面plane polarization 平面偏振plane polarized wave 面偏振波plane wave 平面波planetary motion 行星运动plano-concave lens 平凹透镜plano-convex lens 平凸透镜plastic deformation 塑性形变platinum resistance thermometer 铂阻温度计plug 插硕plutonium ?point action 尖端作用point charge 点电荷point mass 点质量point of application of force 施力点point of incidence 入射点point source 点源pointer 指针Poiseuilles formula 泊肃叶公式Poissons ratio 泊松比polar 极性polarity 极性polarization 偏振，极化polarization grille 偏振栅polarized light 偏振光polarized wave 偏振波polarizer 起偏振器，偏振器polarizing angle 起偏振角，偏振角polarizing filter 起偏振滤波器，偏振滤波器polaroid 偏振片pole 极polonium 钋polyatomic molecule 多原子分子polyethylene 聚乙烯polygon of forces 力多边形polystyrene bead 聚苯乙烯珠polystyrene cup 聚苯乙烯杯polythene strip 聚乙烯片positive charge 正电荷positive feedback 正反馈positive ion 正离子positive supply rail 正供电轨positive terminal 正端钮，正接线柱potential barrier 势垒，位垒potential difference 电势差，电位差potential divider 分压器potential energy 势能，位能potential gradient 势梯度，位梯度potentiometer 分压器，电势差计，电位差计power 功率power amplifier 功率放大器power distribution 配电power factor 功率因子power generation 发电power loss 功率损失power pack 电源箱power rating 电功率额定值power station 电力站，发电厂power supply 电源，供电power supply unit 供电设备，电源箱power transistor 功率晶体管power transmission 输电pressure 压强pressure cooker 高压锅，加压蒸煮器pressure gauge 压强计pressure law 气压定律pressurised water reactor 压水式反应堆primary coil 原线圈primary current 原电流primary voltage 原电压primary winding 原绕组principal axis 主轴principal focus 主焦点principle 原理principle of flotation 浮体原理principle of moments 力矩原理principle of superposition 迭加原理prism 棱镜prismatic periscope 棱镜潜望镜probe 深测器progressive wave 前进波projectile 抛体，抛射体projectile motion 抛体运动projection 投影，投射，抛射projector 投影机，放映机，投射器prong 音叉臂proof plane 验电板propagation 传播propeller 推进器property 性质proportionality constant 比例常数，比例常量protactinium 镤protective screen 防护屏proton 质子proton number 质子数pseudo-force 假力，伪力pulley 滑轮pulse 脉冲pump 泵pupil 瞳孔pure note 纯音push-button switch 按钮开关pyrometer 高温计QQ-factor Q因素quality of note 音品，音质quantity of electricity 电量quantization 量子化quantum 量子quantum number 量子数quarter-wave aerial 四分之一波长天线quartz 石英quenching agent 猝灭剂quiescent condition 静止状态Rradial acceleration 径向加速度radial component 径向分量radial field 辐向场，径向场radiation 辐射，放射radiation hazard 辐射危害性radiation protection 辐射防护radiator 散热器，辐射器，辐射体radio frequency 射频，无线电广播频率radio telescope 射电望远镜radio wave 无线电波radioactive 放射性radioactive decay 放射衰变radioactive disintegration 放射性蜕变radioactive fall-out 放射尘radioactive isotope 放射性同位素radioactive nucleus 放射性核radioactive series 放射系radioactive source 放射源radioactive waste 放射性废料radioactivity 放射现象，放射学radioisotope 放射性同位素radiometer 辐射计radionuclide 放射性核素radiotherapy 放射疗法radium 镭radius of curvature 曲率半径radius of gyration 回转半径，回旋半径radon 氡rail 路轨random 无规，随机random error 随机误差random motion 无规运动，随机运动random nature 无规性，随机性random walk 无规行走，随机游动range 范围，射程，量程rarefaction 疏部，稀疏rate of decay 衰变率rate of disintegration 蜕变率ratemeter 定率计rating 额定值ray 光线ray box 光线箱ray diagram 光线图Rayleighs criterion 瑞利判据reactance 电抗reaction 反作用，反作用力reactive component 抗性分量，无功分量reactor 反应堆reactor core 反应堆堆芯reading error 读数误差real depth 实深real expansion 实膨胀，真膨胀real focus 实焦点real gas 真实气体real image 实像real object 实物，实物体real-is-positive convention 实正虚负法则recoil 反冲，弹回rectification 整流rectifier 整流器rectilinear motion 直线运动rectilinear propagation 直线传播red shift 红移reed 簧片reed relay 簧片继电器reed witch 簧片开关reference frame 参考坐标系，参考系reference level 参考级reflectance 反射比reflected ray 反射线reflected wavefront 反射波阵面，反射波前reflecting telescope 反射望远镜reflection 反射reflection grating 反射光栅refracted ray 折射线refracted wavefront 折射波阵面，折射波前refracting angle 折射棱角refracting telescope 折射望远镜refraction 折射refractive index 折射率refrigerator 冰箱regular reflection 单向反射relative density 相对密度relative motion 相对运动relative permeability 相对磁导率relative permittivity 相对电容率，相对介电常数relative velocity 相对速度relativity 相对论，相对性relay 继电器relay coil 继电器线圈relay contact 继电器触点rem 雷姆remote control 遥控repulsion 相斥repulsive force 斥力reservoir capacitor 存储电容器reset switch 复位开关resistance 电阻resistance coil 电阻线圈resistance substitution box 换值电阻箱resistance thermometer 电阻温度计resistive component 电阻分量，有功分量resistivity 电阻率resistor 电阻器resolution 分解，分辨，分辨率resolution of force 力的分解resolution of vector 矢量的'分解，向量的分解resolving power 解像能力，分辨率resonance 共振，共鸣resonance tube 共鸣管resonant frequency 共振频率resonator 共振器response time 响应时间restoring couple 回复力偶restoring force 回复力restoring torque 回复转矩resultant 合量resultant displacement 合位移resultant force 合力resultant of vector 合矢量，合向量resultant velocity 合速度retard 减速retardation 减速度retina 视网膜retort stand 铁支架，铁架reverberation 混响reverberation time 混响时间reverse biased 反向偏压reverse current 反向电流reversibility of light 光的可逆性reversible process 可逆过程reversing switch 换向开关revolution 绕转，旋转，转数Reynolds number 雷诺数rheostat 变阻器，可变电阻right-angled fork track 直角分叉径迹right-hand grip rule 右手握拳定则right-hand screw rule 右手螺旋定则rigid body 刚体rigidity 刚性，刚度，刚度系数ring circuit 环形电路ripple 水波ripple tank 水波槽rocket 火箭rolling 滚动rolling friction 滚动摩擦root-mean-square value 方均根值rotary thermometer 转动式温度计rotary-type potentiometer 旋转分压器，旋转电势差计，旋转电位差计rotating platform 旋转台rotating vector 转动矢量，转动向量rotation 旋转，自转，转动rotational energy 转动能rotational motion 旋转运动rotor 转子rubber tubing 橡胶管rule 定则，法则ruling 刻度，划线runway 跑道Rutherford scattering 卢瑟福散射Rutherfords atomic model 卢瑟福原子模型Rydberg constant 里德伯常数，里德伯常量Ssafety device 安全装置satellite 卫星satellite communication 卫星通讯saturated vapour 饱和蒸气，饱和汽saturated vapour pressure 饱和蒸气压，饱和汽压saturation 饱和saturation current 饱和电流sawtooth voltage 锯齿波电压scalar 标量，无向量scalar product 标积，无向积scale 标度，比例尺，音阶scaler 脉冲计数器scan 扫描scattering 散射scattering analogue 散射模拟scattering angle 散射角scintillation 闪烁screen 屏，幕screened lead 屏蔽导线screw 螺旋，螺丝钉screw driver 螺钉起子，螺丝批screw jack 螺旋起重器sealed radioactive source 密封放射源search coil 探察线圈second 秒second law of thermodynamics 热力学第二定律second order spectrum 第二级光谱，第二级谱secondary coil 副线圈secondary current 副电流secondary emission 次级发射secondary voltage 副电压secondary winding 副绕组Seebeck effect 塞贝克效应selective absorption 选择吸收self inductance 自感self induction 自感应semicircular glass block 半圆玻璃块semiconductor 半导体semiconductor diode 半导体二极管semolina 粗粒麦粉sensitivity 灵敏度sensor 感应器，传感器sequential logic 顺序逻辑series circuit 串联电路series resonance circuit 串联共振电路series-wound motor 串激电动机，串绕电动机set switch 设定开关shaft 轴shear force 切力，剪力shear modulus 切变模量，剪模量，剪切模量shear strength 切变强度，剪切强度shear stress 切应力，剪应力shock waves 冲击波，震波short circuit 短路short sight 近视short wave 短波shunt 分流器，分流，分路shunt-wound motor 并激电动机，并绕电动机shutter 快门，光闸sievert 希沃特sign convention 符号法则signal generator 讯号产生器significant figure 有效数字silicon 硅，硅simple harmonic motion 简谐运动simple pendulum 单摆simulation 模拟single phase a.c. generator 单相交流发电机single pulley 单滑轮single slit 单缝single trace oscilloscope 单迹示波器single-pole double-throw switch 单刀双掷开关sinusoidal wave 正弦波slab-shaped magnet 平板形磁铁slide projector 幻灯片放映机slide-wire potentiometer 滑线分压器，滑线电势差计，滑线电位差计sliding contact 滑动接触sliding friction 滑动摩擦slinky spring 软弹簧slip ring 汇电环slit 缝，狭缝slope 斜率slotted weight 有槽砝码smoke cell 烟雾盒smoothing 滤波，平流smoothing capacitor 滤波电容器，平流电容器smoothing choke 滤波扼流圈，平流扼流圈smoothing circuit 滤波电路，平流电路Snells law 斯涅耳定律socket 插座sodium lamp 钠灯soft iron 软铁soft iron core 软铁心solar cell 太阳能电池solar energy 太阳能soldering iron 烙铁solenoid 螺线管solid 固体solid phase 固相solid state 固态solidification 凝固solidifying point 凝固点somatic effect 体细胞效应sonar 声纳sonic boom 声爆sonometer 弦音计sound 声音sound intensity 声强度sound intensity level 声强级sound proofing 隔声sound track 声迹，声道sound wave 声波south pole 南极spark 火花spark counter 火花计数器specific charge 荷质比，比电荷，比荷specific heat capacity 比热容量，比热容specific heat capacity at constant pressure 定压比热容量specific heat capacity at constant volume 定容比热容量specific latent heat 比潜热specific latent heat of fusion 熔解比潜热specific latent heat of vaporization 汽化比潜热spectacles 眼镜spectral analysis 光谱分析spectral line 光谱线spectral order 光谱级spectrometer 光谱仪，分光计spectroscopy 光谱学spectrum 谱，光谱，波谱spectrum tube 光谱管specular reflection 镜面反射speed 速率speed of light 光速speed of sound 声速，音速speed-time graph 速率—时间关系线图spherical aberration 球面像差spherical lens 球面透镜spherical mirror 球面镜spherical wave 球面波spherically symmetric 球对称的spin 自旋spiral 螺线，螺旋形spiral spring 螺旋弹簧spirit level 气泡水平仪spontaneous 自发的spontaneous disintegration 自发蜕变spontaneous emission 自发发射spring 弹簧，簧片，发条spring balance 弹簧秤square wave 方波squarer 方波产生器stable equilibrium 稳定平衡stable state 稳定态stackable plug 迭加式插头standard atmospheric pressure 标准大气压强，标准大气压standard cell 标准电池standard deviation 标准偏差，标准差standard error 标准误差standing wave 驻波starter 起动器starting resistance 起动电阻starting voltage 起动电压state 态states of matter 物态static equilibrium 静态平衡static friction 静摩擦static resistance 静态电阻statics 静力学stationary wave 驻波，定态波stator 定子steady flow 稳流，定常流动steady state 稳态，定态steam 水蒸汽，蒸汽steam engine 蒸汽机steam point 汽化点，汽点steam turbine 蒸汽涡轮机steel yoke 钢轭step-down transformer 降压器step-up transformer 升压器stereophonic sound 立体声stiffness 硬挺度，抗挠性stimulated absorption 受激吸收stimulated emission 受激发射Stokes law 斯托克斯定律stop watch 秒表stop clock 秒钟stopping potential 遏止电势，遏止电位storage battery 蓄电池组storage capacitor 存储电容器stored energy 储能straight pulse 直线脉冲straight wave 直线波straight wavefront 直线波阵面，直线波前strain 应变strain gauge 应变计，应变规stray capacitance 杂散电容streamline 流线stress 应力stress-strain curve 应力—应变关系曲线stretch 伸长，紧张strobe frequency 闪频stroboscope 频闪观测器，频闪仪stroboscopic photography 频闪照相法strontium 锶stylus 唱针sub-station 电力分站sublimation 升华submerge 浸没subsonic speed 亚声速，亚音速summing amplifier 加法放大器superconductivity 超导电性superconductor 超导体supercooling 过冷superficial expansivity 面膨胀系数，面膨胀率superposition 迭加supersaturation 过饱和supersonic speed 超声速，超音速surface charge density 表面电荷密度surface energy 表面能surface tension 表面张力susceptibility 磁化率sweep 扫描，扫掠sweep rate 扫描速度switch 开关，电键switch off 截断，关闭switch on 接通，开启symbol 符号synchronization 同步syringe 针筒system 系统systematic error 规律性误差，系统误差。

已更正Gravitational constant引力常量GGravity acceleration重力加速度gElectron charge电子电荷（元电荷）e Mass of electron电子质量m eMass of Earth地球质量m EOne electron volt1单位电子伏特 1eV Permittivity in vacuum真空电导率（介电常数）ɛ0 Permeability in vacuum真空磁导率μ0angular momemtum conservation角动量守恒axis轴capacitance电容capacitor电容器cavity洞centrifugal离心的centrifugal force离心力centripetal向心的centripetal force向心力charge电荷circular motion转动clockwise顺时针的cnoductor导体collision碰撞compression压缩Coriolis force科里奥利力corrdinates坐标cylindrical圆柱状的density密度diameter直径dielectric绝缘体dipole偶极子displacement位移Dynamics动力学elastic force弹力electrostatic force静电场力elliptical椭圆的EMF电动势equilibrium平衡态equivalent等价的exert施加friction摩擦gravatational force引力horizontally水平的induced感生inertial referance frame惯性参考系initiallly初始的insulate绝缘的Kinematics运动学linear momentum conservation（线性）动量守恒Lorentz force洛伦兹力magneto-static force静磁场力Mechanics力学moment of inertia转动惯量mount装载negative负nonuniform不均匀的normal法向parallel平行particle粒子penetrate穿过plane/flat平面positive正potential势prependicular/vertical垂直的radius半径ratio比例repel排斥respectively分别的rod/stick杆rotate旋转satellite卫星solid固体Special Relativity狭义相对论spherical shell球壳spring弹簧tangential切向torque力矩trajectory轨迹translational motion平动velocity速度voltage电压。

1/8 fluctuation 1/8 起伏1/f noise 1/f 噪声1/n expansion 1/n 展开3k cosmic blackbody radiation 3k 宇宙黑体辐射4 counter 4 计数器a battery a电池组a posteriori probability 后验概率a priori probability 先验概率a15 structure a15 结构abbe coefficient 阿贝数abbe invariant 阿贝不变量abbe number 阿贝数abbe prism 阿贝棱镜abbe refractometer 阿贝折射计abbe sine condition 阿贝正弦条件abel theorem 阿贝尔定理abelian group 可换群abelian integral 阿贝尔积分aberage life 平均寿命aberration 象差aberration constant 光行差常数aberration of light 光行差aberrational ellipse 光行差椭圆ablation 烧蚀abm state abm 态abnormal 反常的abnormal cathode fall 反常阴极势降abnormal crystallization 异常晶化abnormal dispersion 异常色散abnormal glow 反常辉光放电abnormal grain growth 反常晶粒生长abnormal liquid 反常液体abnormal reflection 异常反射abnormal series 反常系abrasion 磨损abrasion test 磨损试验abrasives 研磨材料abrikosov's structure of flux lines 阿布里科蓑磁通线结构absence of gravity 失重absolute 绝对的absolute acceleration 绝对加速度absolute angular momentum 绝对角动量absolute atomic weight 原子的绝对重量absolute black body 绝对黑体absolute configuration 绝对组态absolute counting 绝对计数absolute electrometer 绝对静电计absolute electrostatic system 绝对静电制absolute error 绝对误差absolute geopotential 绝对位势absolute humidity 绝对湿度absolute index of refraction 绝对折射率absolute instability 绝对不稳定性absolute magnitude 绝对星等absolute measurement 绝对测量absolute motion 绝对运动absolute ohm 绝对欧姆absolute orbit 绝对轨道absolute permeability 绝对磁导率absolute permittivity 绝对电容率absolute pressure 绝对压力absolute rest 绝对静止absolute rest frame 绝对静止系absolute rotation 绝对转动absolute scale 绝对度标absolute space 绝对空间absolute stability 绝对稳定absolute system of units 绝对单位制absolute temperature 绝对温度absolute temperature scale 绝对温标absolute thermometer 绝对温度表absolute time 绝对时空间absolute topography 绝对形势absolute unit 绝对单位absolute vacuum gage 绝对真空计absolute velocity 绝对速度absolute viscosity 绝对粘度absolute vorticity 绝对涡度absolute weight 绝对重量absolute zero 绝对零度absolute zero point 绝对零度absorb 吸收absorbed dose 吸收剂量absorbent 吸收剂absorber 吸收体absorbing medium 吸收媒质absorptiometer 吸收计absorption 吸收absorption band 吸收带absorption coefficient 吸收系数absorption cross section 吸收截面absorption curve 吸收曲线absorption edge 吸收端absorption equilibrium 吸收平衡absorption factor 吸收因子absorption filter 吸收滤光器absorption hygrometer 吸收湿度表absorption index 吸收指数absorption jump 吸收跃迁absorption limit 吸收端absorption line 吸收线absorption method 吸收法absorption model 吸收模型absorption of sound 声的吸收absorption spectrometer 吸收光谱仪absorption spectroscopy 吸收光谱学absorption spectrum 吸收光谱absorption test 吸收试验absorptive 吸收的absorptive power 吸收本领absorptivity 吸收本领abstract algebra 抽象代数abstract group 抽象群abstract space 抽象空间abstraction 抽象abundance of elements 元素的丰度ac bias 交莲压ac circuit 交羚路ac galvanometer 交羚疗ac voltage 交羚压accelerated motion 加速运动accelerating chamber 加速室accelerating electrode 加速电极accelerating field 加速场accelerating gap 加速隙缝accelerating period 加速周期accelerating slit 加速隙缝accelerating tube 加速管accelerating voltage 加速电压acceleration 加速度acceleration cavity 加速共振腔acceleration gap 加速隙acceleration of gravity 重力加速度accelerator 加速器accelerometer 加速计acceptance 肯定acceptor 受主acceptor center 受中心acceptor impurity 受钟质acceptor level 受周级access 选取access speed 选取速度access time 选取时间accessibility 可达性accessible point 可达点accessories 附件accidental coincidence 偶然符合accidental degeneracy 偶然退化accidental error 偶然误差accidental reflection 偶然反射acclimation 气候驯化acclimatization 气候驯化acclimazation 气候驯化accommodation 第accommodation coefficient 适应系数accommodation of the eye 眼的第accord 和音accreting black hole model 吸积黑洞模型accretion 吸积accretion disk 吸积盘accumulated dose 累积剂量accumulated error 累积误差accumulated temperature 积温accumulation 蓄集accumulation layer 累积层accumulation point 聚点accumulation ring 累积环accumulator 二次电池accuracy 准确度accuracy grade 准确度accuracy of measurement 测量精确度accuracy of readings 读数准确度accuracy rating 准确度acetone 丙酮achondrite 无球粒陨石achromat 消色差透镜achromatic 消色的achromatic color 无彩色achromatic condition 消色差achromatic lens 消色差透镜achromatic prism 消色差棱镜achromatic quarter wave prism 四分之一波长消色棱镜achromatic sensation 无色感觉achromatic stimulus 无色剌激achromatism 消色差acid 酸acnod 孤点acoumeter 测听计acount 计算acoustic 声的acoustic absorption coefficient 吸声系数acoustic absorptivity 吸声系数acoustic admittance 声导纳acoustic analysis 声分析acoustic conductivity 声导率acoustic diffraction 声衍射acoustic dispersion 声弥散acoustic disturbance 声扰动acoustic electron spin resonance 声电子自旋共振acoustic emission 声发射acoustic far field 远程声场acoustic field 声场acoustic filter 滤声器acoustic fraunhofer field 夫琅和费声场acoustic frequency 音频acoustic fresnel field 非涅耳声场acoustic gravity wave 声力波acoustic image 声象acoustic impedance 声阻抗acoustic instrument 声学仪器acoustic interferometer 声波干涉计acoustic lens 声透镜acoustic line 声传输线acoustic load 声负载acoustic material 吸音材料acoustic measurement 声学量度acoustic microscope 超声显微镜acoustic mode 声学模acoustic near field 近程声场acoustic nuclear magnetic resonance 声核磁共振acoustic ohm 声欧姆acoustic paramagnetic resonance 声顺磁共振acoustic power 声功率acoustic pressure 声压acoustic radiator 声辐射体acoustic reactance 声抗acoustic resistance 声阻acoustic resonance 声共振acoustic resonator 声共振器acoustic shadow 声影acoustic signal 声信号acoustic sounding 声学探测acoustic streaming 声风acoustic transducer 声能转换器acoustic transformer 声变换器acoustic velocity 声速acoustic wave 声波acoustic wind 声风acoustical 声的acoustical holography 声全息学acoustical spectroscopy 声谱学acoustically induced birefringence 声诱发双折射acoustics 声学acoustimeter 声强计acoustodynamic 声动力学的acoustoelectric amplification 声电放大acoustoelectric effect 声电效应acoustoelectron interaction 声电子相互酌acoustoelectronics 声电子学acoustomagnetoelectric effect 声磁电效应acoustooptic effect 光声效应acoustooptical 声光的acoustooptical modulator 声光灯器acoustooptical q switch 声光 q 开关acoustooptical radiospectrometer 声光射电光谱仪acoustooptics 声光学acre 英亩acrobatic metal 特技的金属acryl resin 丙烯酸尸actinic 有光化性的actinic photometer 光化光度计actinic rays 光化射线actinic value of light 光化度actinides 锕系actinism 光化酌actinium 锕actinium emanation 锕射气actinium series 锕系actinograph 日射仪actinoid nuclei 锕系元素核actinometer 日射表actinometry 辐射测量;光能强度测定actinomorphy 辐射对称性actinon 锕射气action 酌action at a distance 超距酌action centre of the atmosphere 大气活动中心action integral 酌积分action principle 酌原理action spectrum 酌谱action through medium 媒递酌action variable 酌变量activated 激化了的activated adsorption 活性吸附activated atom 激活原子activated molecule 激活分子activating agent 活化剂activation 活化activation analysis 放射化分析activation cross section 放射化截面activation energy 激活能activation method 激活法activator 活化剂active 活性的active carbon 活性炭active current 有效电流active front 活跃锋active galactic nucleus 活动星系核active galaxy 活动星系active hydrogen 活性氢active laser element 激活激光元件active laser spectroscopy 活性激光光谱学active laser substance 激活物质active lattice 放射性栅格active locking 受迫模同步active material 放射材料active network 有源网络active oxygen 活性氧active power 有效功率active product 放射性产物active prominence 活动日珥active q switching 激活 q 开关active sun 活动太阳active volcano 活火山activity 放射性activity coefficient 活度系数activity unit 放射性单位actual 真实的actual load 有效的acumulative temperature 积温acute 尖锐acute angle 锐角acute angled 锐角的acute angled triangle 锐角三角形acute triangle 锐角三角形acuteness 锐度acyclic 非循环的ada ada 语言adamantine luster 金刚光泽adaptability 适应性adaptation 适应adaptive antenna 自适应天线adaptive optics 自适应光学adaptometer 适应测量计adatom 吸附原子add 加add circuit 加法电路addend 加数adder 加法器adding element 求和器addition 加法additional 加法的additional code 补码additional heating 附加加热additional mass 附加质量additive 加法的additive group 加法群additive method 加色法additive property 加和性additive theory of numbers 加性数论additivity 加和性address 地址address part 地址部分address register 地址寄存器adenosine triphosphate 三磷酸腺苷adequate 适合的adhere 粘着adherence 附着adhesion 附着adhesive force 附着力adhesives 粘接剂adiabat 绝热线adiabatic 绝热的adiabatic approximation 绝热近似adiabatic atmosphere 绝热大气adiabatic calorimeter 绝热式量热器adiabatic change 绝热变化adiabatic compression 绝热压缩adiabatic cooling 绝热冷却adiabatic curve 绝热线adiabatic demagnetization 绝热退磁adiabatic equilibrium 绝热平衡adiabatic expansion 绝热膨胀adiabatic exponent 绝热指数adiabatic free expansion 绝热自由膨胀adiabatic heating 绝热增温adiabatic hypothesis 绝热假说adiabatic index 绝热指数adiabatic invariant 绝热不变量adiabatic lapse rate 绝热温度梯度adiabatic magnetic susceptibility 绝热磁化率adiabatic nuclear demagnetization 绝热核去磁adiabatic potential curve 绝热势能曲线adiabatic potential surface 绝热位势面adiabatic principle 浸渐原理adiabatic process 绝热过程adiabatic pulsations 绝热脉动adiabatic temperature gradient 绝热温度梯度adiabatic theorem 绝热定理adiabaticity 绝热性adiabatics 绝热线adjacent angles 邻角adjacent side 邻边adjoint differential equation 伴随微分方程adjoint operator 伴随算符adjoint system 伴随系adjunct 代数余子式adjunction 附加adjustable point 可定点adjustment 蝶admissible 容许的admissible error 容许误差admissible value 容许值admittance 导纳admittance matrix 导纳矩阵adsorb 吸附adsorbate 吸附物adsorbed atom 吸附原子adsorbent 吸附剂adsorption 吸附adsorption capacity 吸附本领adsorption isotherm 等温吸附式adsorption structure 吸附结构advance of periastron 拱线运动advanced potential 超前势advancing wave 前进波advection 平流平移advection fog 平另advective 平聊aeolian tone 风吹声aerial 空气的aerial survey 航空测量aeroacoustics 空气声学aerobiology 高空生物学aeroclimatology 高空气候学aerodone 滑翔机aerodynamic balance 空气动力天秤aerodynamic drag 空气阻力aerodynamic focus 气动力学焦点aerodynamic heating 气动力加热aerodynamic lift 气动升力aerodynamic resistance 空气阻力aerodynamics 空气动力学aerogel 气凝胶aerohypsometer 航空测高计aerolite 石陨星aerological 高空气象学的aerological diagram 高空图解aerology 高空气象学aeromagnetics 航空磁学aeromechanics 空气力学aerometer 气体比重计aeronautical 航空的aeronautical meteorological observation 航空气象观测aeronautical meteorological station 航空气象站aeronautical meteorology 航空气象学aeronautics 航空学aeronomy 高层大气物理aerophysics 航空物理学aeroplane 飞机aeroport 航空航aerosol 气溶胶aerospace science 空间航空科学aerostatics 气体静力学affine 仿射的affine coordinates 仿射坐标affine geometry 仿射几何affine space 仿射空间affine transformation 仿射变换affinity 亲合势affirmation 肯定affix 标出afocal 非焦点的after discharge 后续放电after heat 残热afterglow 余辉afterimage 残留影象aftershock 余震age 陈化age determination 测定年代age equation 年龄方程age hardening 时效硬化age of the moon 月龄age theory 年龄理论ageostrophic wind 非地转风aggregate 聚合体aggregation 聚集aging 时效agonic line 无偏线agreement 一致agricultural climatology 农业气候学agricultural meteorology 农业气象学agroclimatology 农业气候学agrometeorology 农业气象学agrophysics 农业物理学aharonov bohm effect 阿哈拉诺夫玻姆效应air capacitor 空气电容器air cell 空气电池air chamber 气室air compressor 空气压缩机air condenser 空气电容器air coolant 冷却空气air cooler 空气冷却器air cooling 空气冷却air coordinates 空间座标air current 气流air earth current 地空电流air flow 气流air gap 气隙air glow 气辉air insulation 空气绝缘air ionization chamber 空气电离室air mass 气团air mass analysis 气团分析air mass classification 气团分类air mass modification 气团变性air mass thunderstorm 气团雷暴air monitor 大气污染监视器空气监测器air pocket 气囊air pressure 空气压力air proof 气密的air pump 空气泵air resistance 空气阻力air shower 空气簇射air streamline 空气吝air temperature 气温air thermometer 空气温度表air tight 气密的airborne holography 空中全息照相aircraft observation 飞机观测airplane 飞机airtight packing 气密密封airy pattern 埃里图样airy's disk 埃里斑albedo 反照率albedometry 反射率测定法alchemy 炼金术alcohol 醇alcohol thermometer 酒精温度表alder transition 阿尔得跃迁aleph zero 阿列夫零alexandrite laser 翠绿宝石激光器algebra 代数algebraic complement 代数余子式algebraic correspondence 代数对应algebraic curve 代数曲线algebraic equation 代数方程algebraic expression 代数式algebraic function 代数函数algebraic geometry 代数几何algebraic polynomial 代数多项式algebraic sum 代数和algebraic surface 代数曲面algebraic system 代数系algebraic variety 代数族algebroidal function 代数型函数algevraic 代数的algol 算法语言algol type eclipsing binary 大陵变星algol variable 大陵变星algorithm 算法algorithmic language 算法语言alidade 照准仪aligned nuclei 排列整齐的核;线列核alignment 定向alignment chart 列线图alkali 碱alkali halide 碱金属卤化物alkaline battery 碱性蓄电池alkaline earth metal 碱土金属all weather remote sensing 全天候遥测allende meteorite 艾伦德陨星allobar 变压区allochromatic 假色的allomerism 异质同晶allomorphic 同质异晶的allomorphism 同质异晶allotrope 同素异形体allotropic 同素异形的allotropic modification 同素异形变态allotropic transformation 同素异形变换allotropy 同素异形allow 容许allowable 容许的allowable error 容许误差allowable stress 容许应力allowable transition 容许跃迁allowed energy band 容许能带allowed line 容许谱线allowed transition 容许跃迁alloy 合金alloy diffused transistor 合金扩散晶体管alloy diffusion transistor 合金扩散晶体管alloy junction 合金结alloy junction diode 合金结二极管alloy junction transistor 合金结型晶体管alloyed steel 合金钢alloyed transistor 合金晶体管almanac 天文年历almost everywhere 几平处处almost periodic function 殆周期函数almucantar 等高圈alnico 阿尔尼科合金alpha decay 衰变alpha disintegration 衰变alpha emitter 发射体alpha iron 铁alpha particle 粒子alpha particle model of nucleus 核的粒子模型alpha phase 相alpha process 过程alpha radiation 辐射alpha radioactive 放射性的alpha radioactivity 放射能alpha ray spectrometer 谱仪alpha rays 射线alpha spectrum 射线谱alphanumeric 字母数字式alphatron vacuum gage 真空计altar 天坛座altazimuth 地平经纬仪alternate angles 错角alternating 变号的alternating current 交流alternating current bridge 交羚桥alternating current josephson effect 约瑟夫逊效应alternating field 交变场alternating gradient focusing 强聚焦alternating gradient synchrotron 交变磁场梯度同步加速alternating group 交代群alternating load 交变负载alternating series 交错级数alternation 交错alternative 必择其一altimeter 高度表altitude 高度altitude effect 高度效应altitude rocket 高空火箭alto 女中音altocumulus 高积云altostratus 高层云aluminium 铝aluminium alloy 铝合金aluminium electrolytic capacitor 铝电解电容器aluminizing 铍铝alundum 人造刚玉amagat 阿马伽amagat manometer 阿马伽压力计amalgam 汞齐amalgamation 汞齐化amber 琥珀ambient 周围的ambient pressure 环境压力ambient temperature 周围温度ambipolar diffusion 双极扩散americium 镅ametropia 眼反常amici's prism 阿米吴镜ammeter 安培计ammonia 氨ammonia maser 氨分子微波激射器ammonia water 氨水ammonium 铵amorphous 无定形的amorphous body 非晶体amorphous carbon 无定形碳amorphous magnetic material 非晶磁材料amorphous magnetism 非晶体磁性amorphous metal 非晶态金属amorphous semiconductor 非晶态半导体amorphous state 非晶态amorphous substance 无定形物质amount 数量amount of evaporation 蒸发量amount of information 信息量amount of precipitation 降水量amount of substance 物质量ampere 安ampere hour 安时ampere meter 安培计ampere second 安秒ampere turn 安匝ampere turn per meter 每米安匝数ampere turns 安匝数amphoteric 两性的amphoteric ion 两性离子amplidyne 放大发电机amplification 放大amplification constant 放大系数amplification factor 放大系数amplified spontaneous emission 放大自发射amplifier 放大器amplifying tube 放大管amplitude 振幅amplitude characteristic 振幅特性amplitude discriminator 脉冲高度鉴别器amplitude distortion 振幅失真amplitude function 振幅函数amplitude mode 振幅模amplitude modulated oscillations 爹振荡amplitude modulation 爹amplitude reflectance 振幅反射度amplitude selector 振幅选择器amplitude transmittance 振幅透过率anabatic wind 谷风anaclastics 屈光学anafront 上滑锋anallobar 正变压中心analog 数学模型analog circuit 模拟电路analog computer 模拟计算机analog method 相似法analog signal 模拟信号analog switch 模拟开关analog to digital conversion 模拟数字转换analog to digital converter a d 变换器模数变换器analogous 类似的analogue 数学模型analogue computer 模拟计算机analogue display 相似表示analogue method 相似法analogy 模拟analyser 分析器analysis 分析analysis centre 分析中心analysis of covariance 协方差解析analysis of variance 方差分析analysis of weather map 天气图分析analysis situs 拓扑学analytic 分析的analytic continuation 解析开拓analytic curve 分析曲线analytic dynamics 解析动力学analytic expression 分析式analytic form 分析形式analytic function 解析函数analytic geometry 分析几何学analytic line 分析线analytic manifold 分析簇analytic method 分析法analytic perturbation theory 解析微扰论analytic set 分析集analytic signal 分析信号analytic transformation 分析变换analytic vector 解析向量analytical balance 分析天平analytical dynamics 分析力学analytical mechanics 分析力学analyzer 分析器analyzing magnet 磁分析器anamorphotic lens 象歪曲透镜anastigmat 消象散透镜anastigmatic 去象散的anastigmatic lens 消象散透镜anastigmatism 消象散性anchor ring 锚环and circuit 与电路and or circuit 与或电路anderson localization 安德森定域anderson model 安德森模型anderson orthogonality theorem 安德森正交定理anderson's delocalization theory 安德森非定域理论andreev reflection 安德列耶夫反射andromeda 仙女座andromeda galaxy 仙女座星云andromeda nebula 仙女座星云anechoic 无回声的anechoic chamber 无回声室anechoic room 静室anelasticity 滞弹性anemogram 风力自记曲线anemograph 风速计anemometer 风速表anemoscope 测风器风速仪anergy 无力aneroid barograph 膜盒气压表aneroid barometer 空盒气压表angle 角angle at centre 中心角angle correlation 角关联angle of advance 超前角angle of attack 迎角angle of contact 接触角angle of contingence 切线角angle of declination 偏角angle of deflection 偏转角angle of deviation 偏向角angle of diffraction 衍射角angle of friction 摩擦角angle of incidence 入射角angle of intersection 交叉角angle of lag 滞后角angle of lead 超前角angle of minimum deviation 最小偏角angle of polarization 偏振角angle of reflection 反射角angle of refraction 折射角angle of rotation 旋转角angle of scattering 散射角angle of slide 滑动角angle of view 视角angle preserving 保角的angle preserving map 保角映象angstrom 埃angstrom unit 埃单位angular 角的angular acceleration 角加速度angular coefficient 角系数angular coordinates 角座标angular correlation 角关联angular derivative 角微离angular dispersion 角色散angular displacement 角位移angular distance 角距angular distribution 角分布angular frequency 角频angular magnification 角放大率angular measure 角度angular momentum 角动量angular momentum conservation law 角动量守恒定律angular motion 角动angular quantum number 角量子数angular resolution 角分辨率angular separation 角距angular unit 角的单位angular velocity 角速度angular vibrations 角振动anharmonic 非低的anharmonic oscillation 非谐振动anharmonic oscillator 非谐振子anharmonic ratio 非低比anharmonic term 非谐项anharmonicity 非谐振性anhysteric magnetization curve 无磁滞曲线animal electricity 动物电anion 阴离子anisometric crystal 非等轴晶体anisotropic 蛤异性的anisotropic body 蛤异性体anisotropic exchange interaction 蛤异性交换相互酌anisotropic fluid 蛤异性铃anisotropic hamiltonian 蛤异性哈密顿函数anisotropic medium 蛤异性介质anisotropic superfluid 蛤异性超铃anisotropic turbulence 蛤异性湍流anisotropic universe 蛤异性宇宙anisotropy 蛤异性anisotropy constant 蛤异性常数anisotropy energy 蛤异性能anisotropy magnetic field 蛤异性磁场anisotropy ratio 蛤异性比annealing 退火annihilation 湮没annihilation operator 湮没算符annihilation radiation 湮没辐射annual 年刊annual aberration 周年光行差annual amount of precipitation 年降水量annual equation 周年差annual mean 年平均annual parallax 周年视差annual precession 年岁差annual range 年较差annual variation 年变化annular 环annular eclipse 环食annular focus 环形焦点annulation 取消anode 阳极anode battery 阳极电池组anode compartment 阳极空间anode current 板极电流anode dark space 阳极暗区anode detection 板极检波anode fall 阳极势降anode glow 阳极辉光anode rays 极隧射线anode resistance 板极电阻anode voltage 板极电压anomalistic 近点的anomalistic month 近点月anomalistic year 近点年anomalon 反常子anomaloscope 色盲检查镜anomalous 反常的anomalous absorption 反常吸收anomalous diffusion 反常扩散anomalous dimension 反常量纲anomalous dispersion 反常色散anomalous electric resistivity 反常电阻率anomalous hall effect 反常霍耳效应anomalous magnetic moment 反常磁矩anomalous propagation 反常传播anomalous propagation of sound 声的反常传播anomalous scattering 反常散射anomalous skin effect 反常囚效应anomalous transmission 反常透射anomalous zeeman effect 反常塞曼效应anomaly 反常antagonism of ions 离子的对抗酌antapex 背点antarctic circle 南极圈antarctic circle ozon hole 南极圈臭氧孔antecedent 前项antenna 天线antenna aperture 天线孔径antenna array 天线阵antenna circuit 天线电路antenna current 天线电流antenna efficiency 天线效率antenna element 天线元件antenna gain 天线增益antenna impedance 天线阻抗antenna resistance 天线电阻antenna tuning 天线党anthracene 蒽anti clockwise 反时针的anti corrosive 防锈剂;防锈的anti hyperon 反超子anti isomorphism 反同构性anti trade winds 反信风anti trades 反信风antibaryon 反重子antibonding electron 反键电子antibonding orbital 反键轨函数anticathode 对阴极anticoincidence 反符合anticoincidence analyzer 舛符合分析器anticoincidence circuit 反符合线路anticoincidence method 反符合法anticommutation relation 反对易关系anticommutative 反对易的anticyclogenesis 反气旋发生anticyclolysis 反气旋消散anticyclone 反气旋区域anticyclonic 反气旋的anticyclonic inversion 反气旋逆温antiderivative 不定积分antideuterium 反氘antideuteron 反氘核antiepicentre 震中对点antiferroelectrics 反铁电体antiferromagnet 反铁磁体antiferromagnetic domain 反铁磁畴antiferromagnetic resonance 反铁磁性共振antiferromagnetism 反铁磁性antiferromagnon 反铁磁振子antihadron 反强子antihydrogen 反氢antila 唧筒座antilepton 反轻子antilogarthm 反对数antimatter 反物质antimeson 反介子antimetrical circuit 相反电路antimonsoon 反季风antimony 锑antineutrino 反中微子antineutron 反中子antinomy 谬论antinucleon 反核子antiparallel 逆平行的antiparallelogram 等边梯形antiparticle 反粒子antiphase boundary 反相边界antipod 对映体antiproton 反质子antiproton atom 反质子原子antiproton beam 反质子束antiquark 反夸克antireflection coating 透光镀膜;增透膜antiresonance 反共振antistokes line 反斯托克斯线antistokes raman laser 反斯托克斯喇曼激光器antisymmetric 斜对称的antisymmetric tensor 斜对称张量;反对称张量antisymmetrical state 反对称态antisymmetry 反对称antithesis 反题antitrigonometric function 反三角函数antitriptic wind 减速风antitwilight 反曙暮光antiunitary operator 反幺正算符antlia 唧筒座antonoff rule 安托诺夫定则anvil 铁砧anvil cloud 砧状云anyon 任意子apastron 远星点aperiodic 非周期的aperiodic damping 非周期衰减aperiodic motion 非周期运动aperiodicity 非周期性aperture 口径aperture diaphragm 孔径光栏aperture ratio 口径比aperture stop 孔径光栏aperture synthesis 孔径综合法apex 顶apex angle 顶角apex of the sun 太阳向点aphakic eye 欠晶眼aphelion 远日点apical angle 顶角aplanat 消球差镜aplanatic 等光程的aplanatic lens 消球差镜aplanatic point 等光程点aplanatism 消球差性apochromat 复消色差镜apochromatic 复消色差的apochromatic lens 复消色差镜apodization 切趾法apogee 远地点apolar 非极性的apollo 阿波罗飞船apollo type asteroid 阿波罗型小行星apostilb 亚熙提apothem 垂幅apparatus 仪器装置apparent absorption coefficient 表观吸收系数apparent density 视在密度apparent diameter 视直径apparent force 表观力apparent horizon 可见地平apparent lifetime 表观寿命apparent magnitude 视星等apparent motion 视运动apparent noon 视午apparent orbit 视轨道apparent palce 视位apparent position 视位apparent solar day 真太阳日apparent solar time 真太阳时apparent structure 表观结构apparent sun 真太阳apparition 出现appearance potential 表观势appendix 附录application 应用applied 应用的applied acoustics 应用声学applied climatology 应用气候学applied elasticity 应用弹性理论applied mathematics 应用数学applied mechanics 应用力学applied meteorology 应用气象学applied optics 应用光学applied physics 应用物理学approach 接近approximability 可逼近性approximable 可逼近的approximate 近似的;使近似approximate caculation 近似计算approximate formula 近似公式approximate method 近似法approximate number 近似数approximate solution 近似解approximate value 近似值approximatintegration 近似积分approximation 近似approximation calculus 近似计算apsidal motion 拱线运动apus 天燕座apw method 增广平面波法aquarius 宝瓶座aqueous solution 水溶液aquila 天鹰座ara 天坛座arc 电弧arc discharge 电弧放电arc lamp 弧光灯arc line 弧光谱线arc spectrum 电弧光谱arc trigonometric function 反三角函数archimedes' principle 阿基米德原理architectural acoustics 建筑声学arctic circle 北极圈ardometer 光学高温计areal velocity 面积速度areography 火星表面学areometer 比重计areometry 液体比重测定法areophysics 火星物理学argon 氩argon instability 氩不稳定性argon laser 氩激光器aries 白羊座arithmetic circuit 运算电路arm 边armature 电枢armature reaction 电枢反应array processor 排列信息处理装置arrester 避雷器arsenic 砷articulation 清晰度artificial daylight 人工昼光artificial ear 仿真耳artificial gravity 人造重力artificial hologram 人工全息图artificial illumination 人造煦明artificial intelligence 人工智能artificial isotope 人造同位素artificial light 人造光artificial lighting 人造煦明artificial lightning 人造电闪artificial line 仿真线路artificial magnet 人造磁铁artificial metal 人造金属artificial minisun 人造小太阳artificial nuclear reaction 人工核反应artificial nuclear transformation 人工核转化artificial radioactivity 人工放射性artificial radionuclide 人造放射性核素artificial rainfall 人造雨artificial satellite 人造卫星aser 量子放大器aspect ratio 展弦比aspheric lens 非球面透镜aspherics 非球面镜光学assembler 汇编程序assembler language 汇编程序语言associated quantum number 轨道量子数associated wave 缔合波association 结合associative detachment 结合性分离associative ionization 结合性电离assumption about the number of collisions 碰撞数的假定astatic 无定向的astatic galvanometer 无定向电疗astatine 砹asterism 星座asteroid 小行星asteroid belt 小行星带asthenosphere 岩力astigmatic difference 象散差astigmatic pencil 象散光束astigmatism 象散astigmatism correction 象散校正astigmometry 散光测定法aston's dark space 阿斯顿暗区astrionics 天文电子学astrobiology 天体生物学astroclimatology 天体气候学astrodynamic 天体动力学的astrodynamics 天体动力学astrogation 宇宙航行学astrogeodynamics 天文地球动力学astrogeophysics 天文地球物理学astrognosy 恒星学astrographic camera 天体照相机astrology 星占术astromagnetics 天体磁学astrometeorology 天体气象学astrometer 天体测量仪astrometric 天体测量的astrometry 天体测量学astron 阿斯特隆astronomical constant 天文常数astronomical maser 天文脉泽astronomical observatory 天文台astronomical photography 天体照相学astronomical photometry 天体光度学astronomical spectroscopy 天体光谱学astronomical telescope 天文望远镜astronomical unit 天文单位astronomy 天文学astrophotography 天体照相学astrophysical 天体物理的astrophysical maser 天文脉泽astrophysical plasma 天体等离子体astrophysics 天体物理学astrorelativity 天体相对论astrospectroscope 天体分光镜astrospectroscopy 天体光谱学asymmetric 非对称的asymmetric top 非对称陀螺asymmetrical 非对称的asymmetry 非对称asymptotic expansion 渐近展开asymptotic field 渐近场asymptotic formula 渐近公式asymptotic freedom 渐近自由性asymptotic solution 渐近解asymptotic stability 渐近稳定性asymptotic theorem 渐近定理asynchronous 异步的asynchronous motor 感应电动机atiyah singer index theorem 阿奇娅辛谔指数定理atmosphere 大气atmosphere absorption 大气吸收atmospheric acoustics 大气声学atmospheric attenuation 大气衰减atmospheric circulation 大气环流大气循环atmospheric discharge 大气放电atmospheric dispersion 大气色散atmospheric disturbances 大气扰动atmospheric electricity 大气电atmospheric extinction 大气消光atmospheric humidity 大气湿度atmospheric ion 大气离子atmospheric ozone 大气臭氧atmospheric ozone content 大气臭氧含量atmospheric phenomena 大气现象atmospheric pressure 气压atmospheric radiation 大气辐射atmospheric refraction 大气折射atmospheric science 大气科学atmospheric turbulence 大气湍流atmospheric waves 大气波atmospherics 天电atom 原子atom probe 原子探测器atomic absorption 原子吸收atomic absorption coefficient 原子吸收系数atomic battery 原子电池atomic beam 原子束atomic beam laser 原子束激光器atomic beam magnetic resonance 原子束磁共振atomic beam resonating method 原子束共振法atomic bomb 原子弹atomic bond 原子键atomic chart 原子量表atomic clock 原子钟atomic collision 原子碰撞atomic configuration 原子组态atomic constant 原子常数atomic core 原子芯atomic core polarization 原子芯极化atomic disintegration 原子衰变atomic dispersion 原子弥散atomic electron shell 原子的电子壳层atomic energy 原子能atomic energy level 原子能级atomic fluorescence analysis 原子荧光分析atomic form factor 原子结构因数atomic frequency standard 原子标准频率atomic fuel 核燃料atomic heat capacity 原子热容量atomic interspace 原子间空间。

物理专业英语词汇（E）e layer e 层e process e 过程eagle mounting 伊格尔光栅装置early type stars 早型星earnshaw theorem 厄钉定理earphone 耳机earth 地球earth bar 接地棒earth capacity 大地电容earth currents 大地电流earth ellipsoid 地球椭球earth magnetic field 地磁场earth magnetic pole 地磁极earth observation satellite 地球观测卫星earth plate 接地导板earth potential 大地电位earth satellite 地球卫星earth science 地球科学earth spheroid 地球偏球体earth's atmosphere 地球大气earth's magnetic field 地磁场earth's magnetic pole 地磁极earth's magnetism 地磁earth's mantle 地幔earth's oblateness 地球偏率earth's surface 地表earthing 接地earthquake 地震earthshine 地照earthtremors 地震east longitude 东经ebert fastie mounting 埃贝特法斯铁装置ebonite 硬橡胶ebullition 沸腾eccentric anomaly 偏近点角echelette 红外光栅echelette grating 红外光栅echelle 中阶梯光栅echelle spectroscope 中阶梯光栅分光镜echo 回声echo ranging 回波测距echo sounder 回声探测器echo sounding 回声探测echo suppressor 回声抑制器eclipse 食eclipsing binary 食双星eclipsing variable 食双星ecliptic 黄道ecliptic coordinates 黄道坐标ecliptic plane 黄道面economizer 节能器eddington limit 埃丁顿极限eddy 涡流eddy current 涡流eddy current loss 涡琉耗eddy currents 涡电流eddy diffusion 涡俩散eddy field 旋涡场eddy flow 涡流eddy friction 涡动摩擦eddy motion 涡旋运动eddy viscosity 涡动粘性edge dislocation 边缘位错edge effect 边缘效应edge focusing 边缘聚焦edge tone 边棱音edison effect 爱迪生效应effective area 有效面积effective atomic number 有效原子序数effective charge 有效电荷effective cross section 有效截面effective current 有效电流effective differential cross section 有效微分截面effective dose equivalent 有效剂量当量effective g value 有效 g 值effective head 有效落差effective height 有效高度effective impedance 有效阻抗effective inductance 有效电感effective interaction 有效相互酌effective magnetic field 有效磁场effective mass 有效质量effective multiplication factor 有效倍增因数effective power 有效功率effective pressure 有效压力effective pyranometer 地面辐射表effective quantum number 有效量子数effective radiation 有效辐射effective range 有效射程effective resistance 有效电阻thermocouple pyrometer 热电偶高温计effective temperature 有效温度effective value 有效值effective voltage 有效电压effective wavelength 有效波长efficiency 效率efflux velocity 喷气速度effusion 泻流ehrenfest theorem 厄伦费斯脱定理eia standard eia 标准eigenfrequency 本盏率eigenfunction 特寨数eigenmode 固有模式eigenrotation 固有转动eigenstate 本宅eigenvalue 本盏eigenvector 本崭量eigenvlaue problem 本盏问题eight vertex model 八顶点模型eightfold way 八维法eikonal 程函eikonal approximation 程函近似einstein 爱因斯坦einstein de broglie formula 爱因斯坦德布罗意公式einstein de haas effect 爱因斯坦德哈斯效应einstein de sitter universe 爱因斯坦德呜宇宙einstein equation 爱因斯坦方程einstein shift 爱因斯坦位移einstein tower 爱因斯坦塔einstein universe 爱因斯坦宇宙einstein's formula for specific heat 爱因斯坦比热公式einstein's relation 爱因斯坦关系einstein's transition probability 爱因斯坦跃迁概率einsteinium 锿ejection 放射ejector 喷射器ejector vacuum pump 喷射真空泵ekman layer 埃克曼层elastance 倒电容elastic 弹性的elastic after effect 弹性后效elastic anisotropy 弹性蛤异性elastic body 弹性体elastic coefficient 弹性常数elastic collision 弹性碰撞elastic compliance 弹性柔量elastic constant 弹性常数elastic deformation 弹性形变elastic energy 弹性能elastic equilibrium 弹性平衡elastic fatigue 弹性疲劳elastic force 弹力elastic hysteresis 弹性滞后elastic limit 弹性极限elastic manometer 弹性压力计elastic modulus 弹性模数elastic plastic deformation 弹塑性畸变elastic relaxation 弹性弛豫elastic scattering 弹性散射elastic scattering cross section 弹性散射截面elastic stability 弹性稳定性elastic surface wave device 弹性表面波设备elastic vibration 弹性振动elastic wave 弹性波elasticity 弹性elasto plastic deformation 弹塑性变形elastodynamics 弹性力学elastomer 弹性体elastoplastic wave 弹塑性波elastoviscoplasticity 粘弹可塑性electret 永电体electric 电的electric arc 电弧electric balance 电力秤electric bell 电铃electric calorimeter 电量热器electric capacity 电容electric charge 电荷electric circuit 电路electric clock 电钟electric conduction 电导electric conductor 导电体electric convection current 对羚流运羚流electric current 电流electric dipole 电偶极子electric dipole moment 电偶极矩electric dipole radiation 电偶极辐射electric discharge 放电electric discharge lamp 放电灯electric displacement 电移electric double layer 双电荷层electric field 电场electric field strength 电场强度electric force 电力electric furnace 电炉electric heater 电热器electric image 电象electric lamp 电灯electric lighting 电气照明电照electric line of force 电力线electric machine 电机electric micrometer 电测微计electric moment 电矩electric motor 电动机electric multipole radiation 电多极辐射electric musical instrument 电乐器electric noise 电噪声electric oscillation 电振荡electric potential 电势electric power 电功率electric quadrupole moment 电四极矩electric refrigerating element 电致冷元件electric resistance 电阻electric spark 电火花electric susceptibility 电极化率electric vector 电矢electric wave 电波electric welding 电焊electric wind 电风electric wire 电线electrical 电的electrical double layer 双电荷层electrical engineering 电工学electrical measuring instrument 电测量仪表electrical neutral axis 电中性线electrical pulse 电脉冲electrical resonance 电共振electrical thermometer 电温度表electricity 电electrification 电气化;带电electro discharge machining 放电加工electro rheological fluid 电龄学铃electroacoustic transducer 电声转换器electroacoustics 电声学electrocapillarity 电毛细酌electrochemical 电化学的electrochemical constant 电化学常数electrochemical equivalent 电化当量electrochemical polarization 电化学极化electrochemical potential 电化电势electrochemistry 电化学electrode 电极electrode potential 电极电位electrodynamic 电动力学的electrodynamics 电动力学electroendosmosis 电内渗electrography 电子照相法electrohydrodynamics 电铃动力学electrokinetic phenomenon 电动学现象electrokinetic potential 电动学电位electrokinetics 电动学electroluminescence 电发光electrolysis 电解electrolyte 电解质electrolytic condenser 电解电容器electrolytic conduction 电解导电electrolytic corrosion 电化腐蚀electrolytic polarization 电解极化electrolytic polishing 电解抛光electrolytic semiconductor 电解半导体electrolytic solution 电解液electromagnet 电磁铁electromagnetic 电磁的electromagnetic constant 电磁常数electromagnetic coupling 电磁耦合electromagnetic effect 电磁效应electromagnetic energy 电磁能electromagnetic field 电磁场electromagnetic flowmeter 电磁量计electromagnetic force 电磁力electromagnetic horn 电磁喇叭electromagnetic induction 电磁感应electromagnetic interaction 电磁相互酌electromagnetic lens 电磁透镜electromagnetic mass 电磁质量electromagnetic mass separator 电磁质量分离器electromagnetic momentum 电磁动量electromagnetic oscillations 电磁振荡electromagnetic oscillograph 电磁式示波器electromagnetic pump 电磁泵electromagnetic radiation 电磁辐射electromagnetic scattering 电磁散射electromagnetic shielding 电磁屏蔽electromagnetic system of units 电磁单位制electromagnetic unit 电磁单位electromagnetic wave 电磁波electromagnetics 电磁学electromagnetism 电磁electromechanical analogy 机电模拟electromechanical transducer 机电转换器electrometer 静电计electrometer tube 表用管electromotive force 电动势electron 电子electron accelerator 电子加速器electron affinity 电子亲和力electron attachment 电子附着electron avalanche 电子雪崩electron beam 电子束electron beam machining 电子束加工electron beam pumped laser 电子束激励激光器electron capture 电子俘获electron channeling 电子沟道效应electron cloud 电子云electron concentration 电子浓度electron correlation 电子关联electron current 电子流electron cyclotron resonance heating 电子回旋共振加热electron density 电子密度electron diffraction 电子衍射electron diffraction camera 电子衍射摄象机electron diffraction pattern 电子衍射图样electron donor acceptor complex 电子施周昼合物electron emission 电子发射electron energy loss spectroscopy 电子能量损失能谱法electron gas 电子气electron gun 电子枪electron hole 电子空穴electron hole pair 电子空穴对electron holography 电子线全息学electron impact 电子撞击electron impact spectroscopy 电子撞烩谱学electron interferometer 电子干涉仪electron isomerism 电子同质异能性electron lens 电子透镜electron linac 电子直线加速器electron linear accelerator 电子直线加速器electron mass 电子质量electron microscope 电子显微镜electron migration 电子移动electron mirror 电子镜electron multiplier 电子倍增器electron neutrino 电子中微子electron nuclear double resonance 电子核双共振electron optical 电子光学的electron optics 电子光学electron orbit 电子轨道electron pair 电子对electron pair bond 电子对键electron phonon interaction 电子声子相互酌electron physics 电子物理学electron plasma 电子等离子体electron plasma wave 电子等离子波electron positron collision 电子正电子碰撞electron positron field 电子正电子场electron positron pair 电子正电子对electron rays 电子射线electron ring accelerator 电子环加速器electron scattering 电子散射electron shell 电子壳electron shell structure 电子壳层结构electron source 电子源electron spectroscopy 电子光谱学electron spectrum 电子能谱electron spin 电子自旋electron spin double resonance 电子自旋双共振electron spin resonance 电子自旋共振electron synchrotron 电子同步加速器electron telescope 电子望远镜electron temperature 电子温度electron term 电子项electron theory 电子论electron theory of metals 金属电子论electron transit time 电子转移时间electron trap method 电子陷阱法electron traps 电子陷阱electron tube 电子管electron volt 电子伏特electron wave 电子波electronegative 阴电性的electronegative element 阴电性元素electronegative gas 阴电性气体electronegativity 负电性electronic 电子的electronic band spectrum 电子带谱electronic charge 电子电荷electronic configuration 电子组态electronic impact 电子撞击electronic lens 电子透镜electronic mail 电子邮政electronic musical instrument 电子乐器electronic polarization 电子极化electronic relay 电子继电器electronic state 电子态electronic structure 电子结构electronic switch 电子开关electronic transition laser 电子跃迁激光器electronics 电子学electrooptic crystal 电光晶体electroosmosis 电内渗electrophoresis 电泳现象electrophoretic currents 电泳电流electrophoretic mobility 电泳迁移率electrophoretic potential 电泳电位electrophorus 起电盘electrophotography 电子照相法electroplating 电镀electropositive 阳电性的electropositive element 阳电性元素electroscope 验电器electrostatic 静电的electrostatic accelerator 静电加速器electrostatic attraction 静电引力electrostatic capacity 静电容量electrostatic deflection 静电偏转electrostatic energy 静电能electrostatic field 静电场electrostatic focusing 静电聚焦electrostatic force 静电力electrostatic generator 范德格拉夫发电机electrostatic induction 静电感应electrostatic ion microscope 静电离子显微镜electrostatic lens 静电透镜electrostatic oscillograph 静电示波器electrostatic potential 静电势electrostatic precipitation 静电吸尘electrostatic repulsion 静电斥力electrostatic septum 静电隔极electrostatic spectrometer 静电能谱仪electrostatic type 静电型electrostatic unit 静电单位electrostatic wave 静电波electrostatics 静电学electrostriction 电致伸缩electrostrictive vibrator 电致伸缩振动器electrothermal rocket 电热火箭electrothermic type 热电型electrovalence 电价electroweak interaction 弱电相互酌element 元素element semiconductor 元素半导体elementary cell 单位晶胞elementary charge 元电荷elementary colors 原色elementary excitation 元激发elementary function 基本机能elementary particle 基本粒子elementary particle physics 基本粒子物理学elementary particle reaction 基本粒子反应elementary process 基本过程elementary quantity 基本量elements of orbit 轨道要素ellipsoid for dielectric constants 介电常数椭球ellipsoid of inertia 惯量椭球ellipsoid of revolution 转动椭球ellipsoid of rotation 转动椭球ellipsoid of wave normals 光学指标ellipsoidal coordinates 椭球坐标ellipsometer 椭圆偏振计elliptic coordinates 椭圆坐标elliptic function 椭圆函数elliptic oscillation 椭圆振荡elliptic polarization 椭圆偏振elliptical galaxy 椭圆星云elliptical nebula 椭圆星云elliptically polarized light 椭圆偏振光elliptically polarized wave 椭圆偏振波elongation 伸长embrittlement 脆化emergency core cooling system 堆芯事故冷却系统emergency shut down 紧急停堆emission 发射emission band 发射带emission current 发射电流emission efficiency 发射效率emission line 发射谱线emission measure 发射量emission nebula 发射星云emission of light 光发射emission probability 发射概率emission spectroscopy 发射光谱学emission spectrum 发射谱emissivity 发射率emittance 发射率emitter 发射体;发射极emitter follower 发射极跟随器emmetropic eye 正常眼empirical formula 实验式empirical mass formula 经验质量公式empirical temperature 经验温度empirical temperature scale 经验温标empty band 空带empty level 空能级emulsion 乳胶emulsion chamber 乳胶室enamel 瓷漆enantiomorphism 对形性enantiotropes 互变性晶体enantiotropy 互变性encke's comet 端彗星encoder 编码器编码机encounter hypothesis 偶迂假说end 端end correction 端部校正end product 最终产物endlessness 无穷endosmosis 内渗endothermic reaction 吸热反应endurance limit 疲劳极限endurance test 疲劳试验energetics 能量学energy 能energy balance 能量平衡energy band 能带energy band structure 能带结构energy barrier 能量势垒energy carrier 能量载体energy conservation law 能量守恒律energy density 能量密度energy distribution 能量分布energy equivalent 能量当量energy exchange 能量交换energy flow 能量流能通量energy flow of electromagnetic field 电磁场的能量流energy flux 能通量energy flux vector 坡印廷矢量energy gap 能隙energy level 能级energy level diagram 能级图energy liberation 能量释放energy loss spectrum 能量损失谱energy momentum tensor 能量动量张量energy of absolute zero 绝对零点能energy of light 光能energy of thermal motion 热运动能量energy principle 能量原理energy quantum 能量量子energy release 能量释放energy source 能源energy source of star 星能源energy spectrum 能谱energy surface 能面energy transfer 能量传递energy transformation coefficient 能量变换系数energy unit 能单位energy yield 能量产额engine 发动机engineering acoustics 应用声学enriched reactor 浓缩燃料堆enriched uranium 浓缩铀enrichment 浓缩ensemble 系综ensemble average 系综平均entanglement 缠结enthalpy 焓entrance angle 入射角entrance pupil 入射光瞳entropy 熵entropy diagram 熵图entropy elasticity 熵弹性entropy flow 熵流entropy of activation 激活熵entropy of mixing 混合熵entropy production 熵产生entropy wave 熵波environmental radiation 环境辐射enzyme 酶ephemeris 历表ephemeris time 历书时epitaxial growth 外延生长epitaxial layer 外延层epitaxial planar transistor 外延平面晶体管epitaxial transistor 外延型晶体管epitaxy 外延epithermal energy 超热能epithermal neutron 超热中子epoch 历元epoxy resin 环氧尸epsilon expansion 展开equal temperament 平均乐律equation of continuity 连续性方程equation of light 光差equation of motion 运动方程equation of state 状态方程equation of time 时差equation of transfer 传递方程equatorial 赤道仪equatorial acceleration 赤道加速度equatorial coordinates 赤道坐标equatorial parallax 赤道视差equilibrium 平衡equilibrium constant 平衡常数equilibrium diagram 平衡图equilibrium process 平衡过程equilibrium state 平衡态equinox 分点equipartition 均分equipartition of energy 能量均分equiphase surface 等相面equipotential 等势的equipotential line 等位线equipotential surface 等势面equivalence of mass and energy 质能相当性equivalence principle 等价原理equivalent 当量equivalent circuit 等效电路equivalent electrons 等价电子equivalent mass 等效质量equivalent network 等效网络equivalent orbital 等效轨函数equivalent resistance 等效电阻equuleus 小马座erbium 铒erect image 正象erect lens 正象透镜erect system 正象系erecting eyepiece 正象目镜erg 尔格ergodic hypothesis 脯历经假说ergodic problem 脯历经问题ergodic property 脯历经性ergodic theorem 脯历经定理ergodic theory 脯历经理论eridanus 波江座ernst equation 厄伦斯特方程error 误差error equation 误差方程error function 误差函数error law 误差律error of measurement 测量误差eruptive prominence 爆发日珥es layer es 层esaki diode 江崎二极管estimate 估计estimation 估计etalon 标准具etch figures 蚀象etching 蚀刻ether 以太ettingshausen effect 厄廷好森效应euclidean field theory 欧几里得场论euclidean geometry 欧几里得几何euclidean space 欧几里得空间euler angle 欧拉角euler lagrange equation 欧拉拉格朗日方程europium 铕eutectic 共晶eutectic alloy 低共熔合金eutectic mixture 低共熔混合物eutectic point 低共熔点eutectoid 共析evacuation 抽空evaluation of crystal 晶体评价evaporated film 蒸镀薄膜evaporating black hole 蒸发黑洞evaporation 蒸发evection 出差even even nucleus 偶偶核even odd nucleus 偶奇核even parity 偶宇称性event 事件evolution 演化evolution of stars 恒星演化ewald construction 埃瓦得造图ewald method 埃瓦得法ewald sphere 埃瓦得球ex nova 燃后新星exa 艾exact 正确的exactitude 精确度example 例exceptional lie group 例外李群excess 过剩excess electron 过剩电子excess entropy production 过剩熵产生excess force 过剩力exchange 交换exchange charge 交换电荷exchange coefficient 交换系数exchange current 交换流exchange degeneracy 交换简并exchange energy 交换能量exchange force 交换力exchange integral 交换积分exchange interaction 交换相互酌exchange inversion 交换反演exchange narrowing 交换窄化exchange operator 交换算符exchange polarization 交换极化exchange potential 交换势exchange reaction 交换反应excimer 受激二聚物excimer laser 准分子激光器excitation 激发excitation cross section 激发截面excitation curve 激发曲线excitation energy 激发能excitation function 激发函数excitation level 受激能级excitation potential 激发电压excitation state 受激态excitation transfer 激发转移excited 激发的excited atom 受激原子excited level 受激能级exciter 励磁机exciting field 激磁场exciting force 激发力exciton 激子exciton condensation 激子凝聚exciton laser 激子激光器exciton phonon interaction 激子声子相互酌excitonic luminescence 激子发光excitonic molecule 激子分子excitonic phase 激子相exclusion principle 泡利不相容原理exclusive reaction 排斥反应exergy 放射本领exit pupil 出射光瞳exoelectron 外电子exothermic nuclear reaction 放热核反应exothermic reaction 放热反应exotic atom 异原子exotic baryon 外来重子exotic meson 外来介子exotic metal 异金属expanding universe 膨胀宇宙expansion 膨胀expansion coefficient 膨胀系数expansion of the universe 宇宙膨胀expansion ratio 膨胀率expectation 期待值expected value 期待值experiment 实验experimental design 试验设计experimental error 实验误差experimental facilities 实验装置experimental physics 实验物理学experimental radio astronomy 实验射电天文学experimental reactor 实验反应堆explosion 爆炸explosive 炸药thermocouple pyrometer 热电偶高温计explosive material 炸药explosive reaction 爆炸反应explosive shower 宇宙线爆发exposure 曝光exposure meter 曝光计expression 表示extended dislocation 扩展位错extensive air shower 广延空气簇射extensive variable 示量变量exterior derivative 外微商external conversion 外部转换external dose 外照射剂量external forces 外力external friction 外摩擦external memory 外部存储器external mirror laser 外镜式激光器external noise 外噪声external photoelectric effect 外部光电效应external pressure 环境压力external quenching 外部猝灭external storage 外部存储器extinction 消光extinction angle 消光角extinction coefficient 消光系数extinction distance 消光距离extinction effect 消光效应extinction fringe 消光条纹extinction method 消光法extinction voltage 淬火电压extitation potential 激发电位extra current 额外电流extra high vacuum 特高真空extragalactic nebula 河外星云extragalactic radio astronomy 河外射电天文学extraneous current 外来流extranuclear 核外的extranuclear electron 核外电子extranuclear structure 核外结构extraordinary rays 非常光线extraordinary wave 非常波extratropical cyclone 温带气旋extrinsic conduction 杂质导电extrinsic conductivity 非本斋导率extrinsic semiconductor 含杂质半导体extrinsic stacking fault 非本昭垛层错eye 眼eye glass 单片眼镜eye piece 接目透镜eyepiece micrometer 目镜测微计。

ice 冰ice calorimeter 冰量热计ice model 冰模型iconoscope 光电摄象管icosahedron 二十面体ideal black body 理想黑体ideal constraints 理想约束ideal crystal 理想晶体ideal fluid 完全铃ideal gas 理想气体ideal gas law 理想气体定律ideal lattice 理想晶格ideal liquid 理想液体ideal solid 理想固体ideal solution 理想溶液ideally imperfect crystal 理想非完美晶体ideally perfect crystal 理想完美晶体identity parameter 晶体参数ignition 点火ignition potential 点火电位ignitron 点火管illuminance 光照度illuminant 光源illuminating engineering 照盲程学illuminating lamp 照闷illumination 光照度illumination curve 照度曲线illumination photometer 照度计illumination photometry 照度测量illuminator 照冒置illuminometer 照度计image 象image analyzer 图象分析器image charge 象电荷image contrast 象对比度image converter 变象管image converter tube 变象管image distortion 图象失真image force 象力image formation 成象image frequency 象频image hologram 象全息图image iconoscope 图象光电摄象管image intensifier 影象增强器影象放大器image intensifier tube 影象增强器影象放大器image orthicon 超正析象管image parameter 成象参数image pickup tube 摄象管image plane 象平面image point 象点image processing 图象处理image ratio 镜频波道的相对增益image restoration 象恢复image space 象空间image surface 象曲面imagelyzer 图象分析器immersion 浸没immersion lens 浸没透镜immersion method 浸没法immersion microscope 油浸显微镜immersion objective 浸没物镜immersion refractometer 浸没折射计impact 冲击impact ionization 碰撞电离impact matrix 碰撞矩阵impact parameter 碰撞参数impact parameter method 碰撞参数法impact strength 冲豢度impact stress 冲沪力impact test 冲辉验impedance 阻抗impedance bridge 阻抗电桥impedance matching 阻抗匹配imperfect crystal 非完美晶体imperfect gas 非理想气体impressed forces 外力imprisonment of resonance radiation 共振辐射陷获improper variable 准变星impulse 冲击冲量impulse approximation 冲稽似impulse function 脉冲函数impulse generator 脉冲发生器impulse of force 冲量impulsive current 脉冲电流impulsive force 冲力impulsive sound 冲基impulsive tone 撞霍impurity 杂质impurity atom 杂质原子impurity band 杂质能带impurity center 杂质中心impurity conduction 杂质导电impurity level 杂质能级impurity scattering 杂质散射impurity semiconductor 杂质半导体in clockwise direction 向顺时针的方向in counter colckwise direction 向反时针的方向in situ observation 就地观察incandescence 白炽incandescent lamp 白炽灯inch 英寸incidence 入射incidence angle 入射角incident beam 入射束incident light 入射光incident particle 入射粒子incident plane 入射面incident ray 入射光线incident wave 入射波inclination factor 倾斜因子inclinometer 磁倾计incoherence 非相干性incoherent light 非相干光incoherent scatteering 非相干散射incommensurate structure 不相应结构incompressibility 不可压缩性incompressible flow 不可压缩流indefinite metric 不定度量independent atom model 独立原子模型independent particle 独立粒子independent particle model 独立粒子模型independent variable 自变数indeterminancy 不确定性indeterminancy principle 测不准原理index 指数index of refraction 折射率indicating lamp 指示灯indicator 指示器指示剂indifferent equilibrium 中性平衡indirect exchange interaction 间接交换相互酌indirect illumination 间接照明indirect measurement 间接测量indirect transition 间接跃迁indirectly heated cathode 旁热式阴极indistinguishability of identical particles 全同粒子的不可分辨性indium 铟individual error 人为误差individual excitation 单独激发induced current 感应电流induced electromotive force 感应电动势induced emission 感应发射induced radioactivity 感应放射性induced representation 诱导表示inductance 电感感应系数inductance coil 感应线圈induction 感应;归纳induction accelerator 感应加速器induction coefficient 感应系数induction coil 感应线圈induction field 感应磁场induction furnace 感应电炉induction heating 感应加热induction method 归纳法induction motor 感应电动机inductive 感应的inductor coil 感应线圈indus 印第安座inelastic collision 非弹性碰撞inelastic scattering 非弹性散射inert gas 惰性气体inertia 惯性inertial force 惯性力inertial frame of reference 惯性系inertial mass 惯性质量inertial resistance 惯性阻力inertial system 惯性系inertial wave 惯性波inferior conjunction 下合inferior mirage 下现幻景inferior planet 地内行星infinite medium 无限介质infinite universe 无限宇宙infinitesimal rotation 无穷小转动infinitesimal transformation 无穷小变换inflationary universe 暴涨宇宙inflector 偏转器influence machine 感应起电机information processing 信息处理information quantity 信息量information retrieval 信息恢复information theory 信息论infra acoustic 声下的infra acoustic frequency 亚声频infra sound 次声infranics 红外线电子学infrared 红外线的infrared active 红外激活的infrared astronomical satellite 红外天文卫星infrared astronomy 红外天文学infrared catastrophe 红外灾变infrared divergence 红外发散infrared lamp 红外灯infrared laser 红外激光器infrared magnitude 红外星等infrared microscope 红外线显微镜infrared photocell 红外线光电管infrared photography 红外摄影infrared radiation 红外辐射infrared rays 红外线infrared spectrophotometer 红外分光光度计infrared spectroscopy 红外光谱学infrared spectrum 红外光谱inhomogeneous broadening 非均匀增宽inhomogeneous plasma 非均匀等离子体inhomogeneous superconductor 非均质超导体inhomogeneous universe 非均匀宇宙initial black hole 原始黑洞initial permeability 初始磁导率initial phase 初相initial state 初态initial stress 初应力initial velocity 初速度injection 注入injection laser 注入型激光器注入型二极管激光器injector accelerator 注入加速器injury 损伤inlet pressure 进口压力inner bremsstrahlung 内韧致辐射inner corona 内冕inner electron 内层电子inner product 内积inner quantum number 内量子数inner shell 内壳层input 输入input output channel 输入输出通道input output unit 输出输入装置input program 输入程序input routine 输入程序insolation 日射inspection 检查instability 不稳定性instability energy 不稳定能instantaneous axis of rotation 瞬时转动轴instantaneous neutron 瞬发中子instantaneous pole 瞬时极instantaneous power 瞬时功率instanton 瞬子instruction 指令instrument 仪器仪表instrument transformer 仪表变换器instrumental error 仪企差instrumental function 仪漂数insulating paper 绝缘纸insulating transformer 绝缘变压器insulation 绝缘insulation resistance 绝缘电阻insulator 绝缘体integral calculus 积分学integral equation 积分方程integral invariant 积分不变式integral transform 积分变换integrated circuit 集成电路integrated optics 集成光学integrated reflection intensity 积分反射强度integrating sphere 乌布利希球integrating wattmeter 累积瓦特计integration circuit 积分电路integration type analog to digital conversion 积分型模拟数字转换intense slow positron beam 强慢速阳电子束intensifier 加厚剂intensity 强度intensity alternation 强度交变intensity factors of spectral lines 谱线强度因子intensity modulation 亮度灯intensity of magnetic field 磁场强度intensity of magnetization 磁化强度intensity of radioactivity 放射性强度intensity of sound 声强intensity region 强度范围intensive quantity 内包量intensive variable 示强变量interaction 相互酌interaction energy 相互酌能interaction force 相互酌力interaction potential 相互酌势interaction range 相互酌区interatomic 原子间的interatomic distance 原子间距离interatomic forces 原子间力intercalation 夹层interchange instability 变换不稳定性interchangeability 互换性intercombination 相互组合intercrystalline 晶粒间的interdiffusion 互扩散interface 边界面interfacial electric phenomenon 界面电现象interfacial potential 界面势interfacial tension 界面张力interfacial viscosity 界面粘性interference 干涉interference color 干扰色interference filter 干扰滤光片interference fringe 干涉条纹interference microscope 干涉显微镜interference of equal inclination 等倾角干涉interference of equal thickness 等厚度干涉interference of light 光的干涉interference of polarized light 偏振光的干涉interference refractometer 干涉折射计interference spectroscope 干涉分光镜interferometer 干涉仪interferometry 干涉度量学intergalactic matter 星系际物质intergalactic space 星系际空间intermediate coupling 中间耦合intermediate energy 中间能量intermediate energy physics 中能物理学intermediate frequency 中频intermediate frequency transformer 中频变换器intermediate image 中间影象intermediate neutron 中速中子intermediate nucleus 复核intermediate orbit 中间轨道intermediate state 中间态intermediate vector boson 弱玻色子intermetallic compounds 金属间化合物intermittent discharge 间歇放电intermolecular 分子间的intermolecular force 分子间力intermolecular interaction 分子间相互酌internal adsorption 内吸附internal conversion 内转换internal conversion electron 内转换电子internal electron pair creation 内电子对产生internal energy 内能internal exposure 内照射internal force 内力internal friction 内摩擦internal impedance 内阻抗internal ionization 内电离internal magnetic field 内磁场internal photoelectric effect 内光电效应internal pressure 内压internal quantum number 内量子数internal reflection 内反射internal resistance 内阻internal rotation 内旋转internal storage 内部存储器internal stress 内应力internal target 内靶internal viscosity 内粘滞international atomic time 国际原子时international geophysical year 国际地球物理年international latitude service 国际纬度服务international practical temperature scale 国际实用温标international prototype metre 国际米原器international standard atomsphere 国际标准大气international system of units 国际单位制international temperature scale 国际温标international thermonuclear experimental reactor 国际热核实验反应堆international unit 国际单位interpenetration 相互穿透interplanar crystal spacing 晶面间距interplanetary dust 行星际尘埃interplanetary magnetic field 行星际磁场interplanetary matter 行星际物质interplanetary space 行星际空间interpolation formula 内插公式interrupt 中断interrupter 断续器interspace 空隙interstellar absorption 星际吸收interstellar absorption line 星际线interstellar cloud 星际云interstellar dust 星际尘埃interstellar gas 星际气体interstellar line 星际线interstellar magnetic field 星际磁场interstellar matter 星际物质interstellar molecule 星际分子interstellar reddening 星际红化interstellar space 星际空间interstice 缝隙interstitial alloy 填隙式合金interstitial atom 填隙原子interstitial diffusion 填隙式扩散interstitial ion 填隙离子interstitial solid solution 填隙式固溶体interval 间隔interval rule 间隔规则intraatomic 原子内的intracrystalline 晶体内的intramolecular 分子内的intramolecular bond 分子内键intramolecular forces 分子内力intramolecular rotation 分子内转动intrinsic conduction 本占电intrinsic energy 内能intrinsic magnetic moment 固有磁矩intrinsic magnetization 内倥化intrinsic parity 内兕称intrinsic permeability 固有磁导率intrinsic semiconductor 本针导体intrinsic viscosity 本粘性intrinsic wavelength 固有波长invar 殷钢invariable plane 不变平面invariance 不变性invariant 不变式invariant of strain 应变不变量invariant subgroup 不变子群inverse circuit 反演电路inverse compton effect 逆康普顿效应inverse fluorite structure 逆萤石结构inverse photoelectric effect 逆光电效应inverse photoelectron spectroscopy 逆光电光谱学inverse piezoelectric effect 逆压电效应inverse predissociation 逆前级离解inverse problem 逆问题inverse process 逆过程inverse proportion 反比例inverse raman effect 反转喇曼效应inverse raman spectroscopy 反转喇曼光谱学inverse reaction 逆反应inverse scattering method 逆散射法inverse spinel 反尖晶石inverse spinel structure 反尖晶石型结构inverse square law 平方反比律inverse transformation 逆变换inverse voltage 逆电压inverse zeeman effect 反向塞曼效应inversion 反演inversion axis 反演轴inversion doublet 反转双重线inversion formula 反演公式inversion layer 反转层;逆温层inversion spectrum 反转光谱inversion system 倒象系inversion temperature 转换温度invert 反演inverted magnetron gage 逆磁控管计inverted multiplet 反转多重态inverted term 颠倒项inverter 逆变换装置inviscid flow 无粘性流invisible radiation 不可见的辐射invisible rays 不可见的射线iodine 碘ion 离子ion accelerator 离子加速器ion acceptor 离子接受体ion acoustic instability 离子声波不稳定性ion activity 离子活度ion avalanche 离子雪崩ion beam 离子束ion beam probe 离子束探针ion bombardment 离子轰击ion channelling 离子沟道效应ion cloud 离子云ion cluster 离子簇ion concentration 离子浓度ion condensation 离子凝聚ion cyclotron frequency 离子回旋频率ion cyclotron resonance heating 离子回旋共振加热ion cyclotron resonance method 离子回旋共振法ion density 离子密度ion diffusion 离子扩散ion electron recombination 离子电子再化合ion exchange 离子交换ion exchange resin 离子交换尸ion impact 离子碰撞ion implantation 离子注入ion implanted junction 离子注入结ion induced desorption 离子感应退吸ion induced x ray analysis 离子感应 x 射线分析ion lattice 离子晶格ion loss 离子损耗ion microprobe analyzer 离子微探针分析器ion microscope 离子显微镜ion molecule 离子型分子ion neutralization 离子中和ion neutralization spectroscopy 离子中和波谱学ion optics 离子光学ion orbit 离子轨道ion pair 离子对ion pair formation 离子对生成ion plasma frequency 离子等离子体频率ion pump 离子泵ion recombination 离子复合ion saturation current 离子饱和电流ion scattering spectroscopy 离子散射能谱学ion selective electrode 离子选择电极ion sheath 离子鞘ion source 离子源ion temperature 离子温度ion trap 离子陷阱ion yield 离子产额ionic atmosphere 离子气氛ionic bond 异极键ionic charge 离子电荷ionic compound 离子化合物ionic conduction 离子导电ionic crystal 离子晶体ionic current 离子电流ionic laser 离子激光器ionic migration 离子迁移ionic mobility 离子迁移率ionic molecule 离子型分子ionic polymerization 离子聚合ionic radius 离子半径ionic recombination 离子复合ionic strength 离子强度ionic structure 离子结构ionium 锾ionization 电离ionization by collision 碰撞电离ionization chamber 电离室ionization current 电离电流ionization density 电离密度ionization fluctuation 电离涨落ionization limit 电离极限ionization loss 电离损失ionization potential 电离电势ionization power 致电离能力ionization rate 电离率ionization vacuumgage 电离真空计ionized atom 电离原子ionized layer 电离层ionizer 电离装置ionizing energy 电离能量ionizing power 致电离能力ionizing radiation 电离线ionoluminescence 离子发光ionometer 离子计ionosphere 电离层ionospheric disturbance 电离层扰动ionospheric storm 电离层暴iras object iras 天体iridescence 虹色iridium 铱iris 可变光栏iris diaphragm 锁定光栏iris type accelerator guide 隔膜型加速波导管iron 铁iron constantan thermocouple 铁康铜热电偶iron group elements 铁族元素iron loss 铁耗irradiation 辐照irradiation damage 辐照损伤irradiation hardening 辐照硬化irradiation reactor 辐照用堆irreducible representation 不可约表示irregular galaxy 不规则星系irregular nebula 不规则星云irregular reflection 不规则反射irregular variable 不规则变星irreversibility 不可逆性irreversible process 不可逆过程irreversible reaction 不可逆反应irrotational field 非旋场isentrope 等熵线isentropic analysis 等熵分析isentropic surface 等熵面ising model 伊辛模型isoanomalous line 等异常线isobar 等压线isobaric 等压的isobaric analog resonance 同质异位素相似共振isobaric analog state 同质异位素相似态isobaric process 等压过程isobaric surface 等压面isocandle diagram 等烛光图isochor 等容线isochromatic 等色的isochromatic line 等色线isochromatic surface 等色面isochrone 等时线isochronism 等时性isochronous cyclotron 等时性回旋加速器isoclinal 等倾线isoclinal line 等倾线isoclinic line 等倾线isodiaphere 同差素isodynamic line 等力线isoelectric point 等电点isogon 等偏线isolated point 孤点isolation 隔离isolator 隔离器绝缘体isolux curve 等照度线isomagnetism 等偏isomer 同质异能素isomer shift 同质异能位移isomeric state 同质异能态isomeric transition 同质异能跃迁isomerism 同质异能性isomerization energy 同质异能化能isometric process 等容过程isomorphism 同构isopycnic 等密度的isopycnic line 等密度线isospace 电荷空间isospin 同位旋isostasy 地壳均衡说isostere 等比容线isosteric molecule 电子等排分子isotherm 等温线isothermal 等温的isothermal atmosphere 等温大气isothermal change 等温变化isothermal equilibrium 等温平衡isothermal expansion 等温膨胀isothermal process 等温过程isotone 同中子素isotope 同位素isotope analysis 同位素分析isotope effect 同位素效应isotope incoherence 同位素非相干性isotope separation 同位素分离isotope separator 同位素分离器isotope shift 同位素位移isotopic abundance 同位素丰度isotopic dating 同位素测年龄isotopic invariance 同位旋不变性isotopic spin 同位旋isotopic tracer 示踪同位素isotropic scattering 蛤同性散射isotropic turbulence 蛤同性湍流isotropic universe 蛤同性宇宙isotropy 蛤同性iterative method 迭代法itinerant electron 巡回电子itinerant electron magnetism 遍历电子磁性。