高三英语 每周精析精练 介词与介词短语(二) 新人教版

2012届新课标高三第二轮专题讲解介词英语中称为“preposition”是由“前缀pre-（在……前部）+position（位置）”构成的，所以又叫前置词。

一般放在名词、代词或动名词的前面。

介词是虚词，主要用来表示人、物、事件等与其他人、物、事件之间的关系,如空间位置、时间先后、因果关系、方式方法等。

介词与其宾语构成介词短语。

可作介词宾语的主要有名词、代词、动名词（或动名词短语）、名词性从句等。

分类特点例词简单介词即一个介词about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond,during, in, on等等。

合成介词由两个介词构成合成词into, onto, throughout, upon, within短语介词由短语构成according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to,thanks to等等。

双重介词由两个介词搭配而成from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between等等。

分词介词由现在分词转化而来considering(就……而论), including，regarding，concerning等。

兼类介词由形容词直接转化而来like, unlike, near, next, opposite等等。

介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。

介词短语的功能例句作定语They didn’t find the solution to the problem.作状语We have breakfast at seven.（表时间）They were late for the meeting because of the heavy rain.（表原因）What do you mean by doing such a thing?（表方法）Nothing in the world could live without air or water.（表条件）介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，使用频率相当高，其用法跟冠词一样复杂。

2.with，by，in三词均译为“用”，表示行为的工具、手段或 方式 (1)with用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前，其后的名词多被 冠词、物主代词等修饰。如： They are digging with spade. 他们在用铁锹挖地。 We see with our eyes，hear with our ears，and walk with our legs. 我们用眼睛看东西，用耳朵听事，用腿走路。
2．in，to，on用在方位名词前 in表示在范围之内的地方； to表示在范围之外的地方； on表示两地接壤。 Shanghai lies in the east of China and to the north of Guangdong. 上海位于中国东部，广东北部。
3．from，out of表来源 二者均表示来源或出处。from注重起点，意为“从……”；out of侧重于从里向外，意为“从……里出来”。如： The shouting of the soldiers' drilling could be heard from the playground. 从操场上传来了士兵训练的呐喊声。 She took the passport out of her handbag and showed it to the policeman. 她从手提包里拿出了护照并把它出示给警察看。
1与表示一段时间的词连用，常与过去时态的谓 语动词连用，这时相当于“一段时间＋later”。如： He left home and went to the front after two days/two days later. after两天以后他离开家上前线了。
2与表示时间点的词连用，常与将来时态的谓语 动词连用。如： I'll go and see her after three o'clock. 三点以后我去看她。

高考英语语法高考英语语法精讲精练介词、连接词介词学习介词用法除要掌握一般常规用法外,还须注意一些特殊用法,固定搭配等。

一、表示时间介词注意点：1．in＋一段时间＝in＋一段时间s time(与将来时连用)We will meet in three daysWe will meet in three days timewithin＋一段时间（用于各种时态）如：You must finish reading the book within a week.你必须在一周内读完这本书。

2．on Christmas Day在圣诞节；at Christmas在圣诞节的几天中3．up to now＝until now, from morning till night, for the time being 暂时，at times有时，day by day一天天地，in no time立刻。

4．during是介词，不能引导从句。

二、注意一些表示地点场所介词短语的引伸、比喻含义in the mud在泥中，beyond hope绝望, in freezing在严寒天气中，in danger在危险中，in trouble在困境中，in public在公共场合中，under construction在建设中，on business出差，in the same boat处境一样，on sale在出售三、表示方式、手段、工具等介词（by,with,on,in）1.by: The blind men thought they could learn what the elephant looked like by touching it./ make a living by teaching/ by hand手工地，靠手工地，by letter, by post, by electricity, learn sth. by heart, struck by the beauty因美丽而着迷He was paid by the hour/ the day/ month/…他按时/日/月/…被付给工钱。

语鹅市安置阳光实验学校介词与介词短语精讲精炼01●核心考核要点解读在全国各地高考试题中，都涉及到介词的考查，不仅在单项填空中进行考查，在短文改错题中，对于介词的有无、介词与其他词的固定搭配的考查尤为频繁。

笔者认为因为介词的用法非常普遍，它关系到句子的上下衔接，所以以后的高考题介词仍然是一个考查热点。

高考研究介词是英语中比较活跃的词，中学阶段所学的介词有40多个。

它与名词、形容词、副词和动词等构成搭配时用法灵活，意义丰富。

搭配比较活跃的介词主要有in，out，up，down，on，off，to，from，for，over，with 等。

预测今后高考介词的考查将以介词的固定短语和介词辨析为主。

在学习介词时，应重点掌握介词的基本用法，同时注意总结其与名词、形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。

●重要知识要点突破介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词。

1.介词可按其构成分为：（1）简单介词，即一个介词，如about，at，in，of，since等。

（2）复合介词，由两个介词组成，如as for，as to，out of 等。

（3）二重介词，由两个介词搭配而成，但没有复合介词那样固定，如from under，from behind，until after，except in 等。

（4）短语介词，由短语构成，如according to，because of，in spite of，on behalf of，with reference to 等。

（5）分词介词，由现在分词构成，如regarding，concerning，including 等。

2.介词还可按其词义分为下列常见的几种：（1）表地点（包括动向），如about，above，across，after，along，among，around，at，before，behind，below，beneath，beside，between，beyond，by，down，from，in，into，near，off，on，over，through，throughout，to，towards，under，up，upon，with，within，without 等。

2．考查常用介词或介词短语含义和用法的辨识能力。尤 其是在一定的语言环境中，辨析意义相同或相近以及使用范围 不同的介词或介词短语。
3．考查介词与某些名词、形容词或动词的各种搭配形式。 特别是那些搭配繁多、用法灵活的介词，不同的搭配可用来表 示种种不同的意义。
热点例析
考点一：表示时间的介词 1．in，on，at，over (1)in 表示在一段时间之内。通常时间较长，如世纪、朝 代、时代、年、季节、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。如： in the 1950s，in 1989，in summer，in January，in one's thirties，in the morning 等。
(3)on 表示毗邻或接壤。如： Russia lies on the north of China. (4)to 表示“在……范围外”，不强调是否接壤。如： Japan is to the east of China. (5) off 意为“离开；偏离；在…之外”如 She drove so fast that the car almost went off the road at the turn. off the coast// off work
3．from，since，for (1)from 后接具体时间，说明从什么时候开始，不说明某 动作或情况持续多久。如： I hope to do morning exercises from today. (2)since 后接具体过去时间，表示某动作或情况持续至说 话时刻，通常与完成时连用。如： We have not seen each other since 2010. (3)for 后接一段时间，通常与完成时连用, 但与一般过去 时连用是最近高考考查的重点。如： I have been in the army for 5 years. I stayed in Paris for 4 months last year.

2023新人教版高中英语必修第三册介词表本文档旨在提供2023新人教版高中英语必修第三册中所涉及的常用介词及其用法，以帮助学生更好地理解和掌握课本内容。

1. 介词的作用介词是英语中的一类虚词，常常用于引导名词、代词或动词短语等与其他词语之间的关系。

通过正确使用介词，可以明确表达出时间、地点、原因、方式等各种关系。

2. 常用介词表下面是2023新人教版高中英语必修第三册中常用的介词及其用法：1. about - 关于- We had a discussion about the new project.2. above - 在...上方- The airplane flew above the clouds.3. across - 横过- They walked across the bridge to reach the other side.4. after - 在...之后- Let's meet for coffee after class.5. against - 逆着- He leaned against the wall and waited for the bus.6. among - 在...之间- The prize was shared among the top three contestants.7. around - 在...周围- We took a walk around the park in the evening.8. before - 在...之前- Please submit your assignment before Friday.9. behind - 在...后面- The car stopped behind the red traffic light.10. below - 在...下方- The book is placed below the notebook on the shelf.11. beside - 在...旁边- She sat beside her best friend during the movie.12. between - 在...之间- The river flows between the two mountains.13. beyond - 超过；在...那边- The view from the balcony stretches far beyond the city.14. by - 通过；靠近- The information was delivered by email.- The school is located by the river.15. from - 自...起；从...起- He has been working from home for a month. - The train departs from the station at 9 am.16. in - 在...里；在...中- The cat is hiding in the box.- I found the key in my pocket.17. into - 进入- The horse jumped into the river.18. of - 属于- This is a photo of my family.19. off - 离开- The train station is just off the main road.20. on - 在...上- The book is on the table.21. over - 在...上方；越过- The plane flew over the mountains.- He climbed over the fence to enter the garden.22. through - 穿过- We walked through the forest to get to the lake.23. to - 到；向- I went to the store to buy some groceries.24. under - 在...下（方）- The cat is sleeping under the bed.25. with - 用；随着- He cut the cake with a knife.- She walked into the room with a smile.请注意，以上仅是一部分常用的介词，仅供参考。

2023届高考英语一轮复习学通语法第二讲介词新人教版简介本文档是关于2023届高考英语一轮复学通语法第二讲介词的研究内容，参考教材为新人教版。

本讲的主要内容包括介词的定义、分类和用法。

介词的定义介词是连接名词、代词、动词、形容词或副词与其他词语之间关系的一类词。

它通常用来表示方位、时间、原因、目的、手段、方式等。

介词的分类介词可以分为简单介词和复合介词两种。

1. 简单介词：由一个独立的词构成，如in、on、at等。

2. 复合介词：由一个介词和一个副词或名词构成，如instead of、by means of等。

介词的用法介词在句子中起到连接词语并表达意义的作用。

以下是介词的常见用法。

1. 表示方位：- in：在...里面（较大的区域）- on：在...上面（较平坦的表面）- at：在...处（位置点）2. 表示时间：- at：在某个具体时间点- on：在某个具体日期或星期几- in：在某个具体时间段或季节3. 表示原因：- because of：因为- due to：由于4. 表示目的：- for：为了5. 表示手段：- by：通过- with：用6. 表示方式：- in：以...方式总结本文档介绍了2023届高考英语一轮复学通语法第二讲介词的相关内容。

介词是连接词语关系的一类词，分为简单介词和复合介词。

介词的用法主要包括表示方位、时间、原因、目的、手段和方式等。

通过研究和掌握这些内容，可以提升英语语法的理解和运用能力。

以上为本文档摘要，更详细的内容请参考教材《学通语法》第二讲介词的相关章节。

专题04 介词和介词短语Part Ⅰ基础知识点讲义Part Ⅰ会考真题精练Part Ⅰ最新试题测试Part Ⅰ 基础知识点讲义介词的分类分类特点例词about, across, after, against, among, around, at,简单介词即一个介词below, beyond, during, in, on等等。

合成介词由两个介词构成合成词into, onto, throughout, upon, withinaccording to, because of, instead of, up to, due to,短语介词由短语构成owing to, thanks to等等。

from among, from behind, from under, till after,双重介词由两个介词搭配而成in between等等。

considering(就……而论), including，regarding，分词介词由现在分词转化而来concerning等。

兼类介词由形容词直接转化而来like, unlike, near, next, opposite等等。

考点①介词短语的功能介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。

考点②常考介词的辨析表示“时间”的介词at, on , inat表示时刻、时间的某一点；at noon, at 7 o’clock, at dawn, at daybreak, at sunrise, at Christmason表示具体的某一天，某一天的上、下午或晚上；on October 1st, on a rainy day, on National Dayin表示月、季节、年，泛指上午、下午、晚上（在一段时间内）; in Ming Dynasty, in September, in the morning before表示“在……之前”；after表示“在……之后”。

Unit 11.preserve...from...保护……免受……2.keep a balance between A and B在A和B之间保持平衡3.be likely to do sth 有可能做某事4.make contributions/a contribution to对……做出贡献；捐款5.attempt to do...尝试(试图)做……6.lead to导致(to为介词)7.lead a...life过……的生活8.turn to sb向某人求助9.turn up出现，把音量调大10.turn down拒绝，把音量调小11.not only...but also...不仅……而且……12．take part in参与(某事)；参加(某活动)13．give way to让步；屈服14．keep balance保持平衡15．make a proposal提出建议16．prevent sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事17．donate...to...向……捐赠……18．all over the world在世界各地Unit 21.Improve one’s awareness of...提高某人……的意识2.be concerned about对……担心/关心3.as far as sb be concerned就某人而言4.take measures to do sth 采取措施做某事5.remind sb of sth 使某人想起某物)6.remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事7.intend doing/to do sth 打算做某事，计划做某事8.be intended for专门为……准备/打算；专为……而设计9.be dying for sth 渴望得到某物10．die out灭亡；逐渐消失11．be aware of意识到；知道12．on average平均13．make progress取得进步14．adapt to适应15．under pressure在压力下；承受压力16．make out看清；听清；分清17．watch over保护；照管；监督18．due to由于；因为19．search for搜索；查找20．stir up激起Unit31.be beneficial to... 对……有益；对……有利2.benefit from...从……中受益/获益3.have access to拥有……的机会；可以接近/进入4.on account of由于，因为5.in case of万一……，如果发生……6.keep sb pany陪伴某人7．now that既然；由于8．go through经历；度过；通读9．in shape状况良好10．keep track of掌握……的最新消息；了解……的动态11．make fun of取笑；戏弄12．keep (...) in mind牢记13．wait in line排队14．out of work失业15．apply for申请Unit 41.charge sb with (doing) sth指控某人犯……罪2.free of charge免费3.an approach to (doing) sth (做某事的)方法/途径；接近，靠近4.be eager to do sth 渴望做某事5.break down垮掉；分解；出故障,（身体）崩溃6.break away (from sb/sth)脱离；背叛；逃脱7.break out (战争、洪水、火灾等)爆发8．join...to...把……和……连接或联结起来9．belong to属于10．as well as同(一样也)；和；还11．add...to...把……添加到……中12．refer to谈到；查阅；指的是13．take over接收；接管14．leave behind把……抛在后面；留下；遗留15．have a great influence on对……有极大影响Unit 51.cure sb of sth 治愈某人的某种疾病；矫正/改正某人的不良行为2.with the aim of有……的目的3.aim at瞄准；目的在于4.aim to do.../at doing...旨在做……；力求达到……5.treat sb as...把某人看作……6.treat sb to sth 用……招待某人，以……款待某人7.be satisfied with sth/sb 对某事/某人感到满意8.to one’s satisfaction令某人满意的是9.fall in love with爱上10．be absorbed in sth/sb 被……吸引住；专心致志11．try out参加……选拔(或试演)12．in addition (to sb/sth)除……以外(还) 13．from then/now on从那/这时起14．get through(设法)处理；完成15．touch one’s heart/soul 触动某人的心灵16．enable sb to do sth 使某人能够做某事17．have an impact on对……有影响。

于对区爱美学校介词与介词短语精讲精炼02 1 The furniture, with its modern style and bright colors, suits modern houses and their gardens,but looks _______ in the garden of a traditional homeA. out of questionB. out of orderC. out of sightD. out of place【答案】D【考点】考查介词短语辨析。

难度中等。

【解析】句意为：这套家具款式新潮，色泽明丽，与新式房屋和花园配套，但看起来与传统的房子和花园不相称。

D项意为“与……不相称”，符合句意。

A项意为“毫无疑问”，B项意为“次序颠倒”，C项意为“看不见”，都与句意不符。

2. — Thank God you're safe!—I stepped back, just ______ to avoid the racing car.A. in timeB. in caseC. in needD. in vain【考点】介词短语【答案】A【解析】in time意为“及时”，in case意为“万一，假使”；in need意为“需要”；in vain意为“徒劳，无济于事”。

句意为：——谢天谢地，你是安全的！——我走回去，正好避免赛车。

符合题意。

3. You can chang your job, you can move house,but friendship is meant to be life.A. ofB. onC. toD. For【答案】D【解析】选择D是正确的，mean在此表示“预定，指定”。

The gift is meant for you. 这份礼物是给你的。

He was meant for [to be ]an electrician. 本来是准备把他培养成电工的。

第三讲介词与介词短语单句语法填空1．(2015·新课标全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away by car and offers all the scenery of the better­known city.2．(2015·新课标全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night.3．(2015·广东高考语法填空)He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby for other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what was left.4．(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)I got a place next to the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk.5．(2014·广东高考语法填空)I didn’t understand why this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.6．(2014·辽宁高考语法填空)Don’t laugh at me. I may look funny.一、介词1．表示方位的at, in, on, to, beside/by和near介词用法示例at 一般指在较小的地方I met him at the shop.in一般指在较大的地方，或在某一范围内They arrived in Beijing yesterday. ShandongProvince lies in the east of China.on一般指在物体的外表，或相邻并接壤的两个地域The picture is hanging on the wall. Vietnam is on the south of China.to 表示某范围外不接壤的两位置JiangsuProvince is to the southeastof HebeiProvince.beside “在……的旁边〞She was standing beside her mother.(1)against的用法介词的固定搭配考查有两种：一是考查固定搭配中的介词；二是考查介词短语。

介词和介词短语[考纲解读]介词是英语中比较活跃的词,它与名词、形容词、副词和动词等构成搭配时用法灵活且意义丰富。

介词的考查形式多样,除了单纯考查介词外,还常考查介词与其他词的搭配。

此外,在定语从句中,也常考查“介词+关系代词〞的用法。

有些介词的考查频率较高,如with, beyond等。

[考点纵横][考题导引]1．(2016·某某，6)That young man is honest，cooperative，always there when you need his help.__________，he’s reliable.解析： In short [考查介词短语辨析。

句意为：那个年轻人诚实而且善于合作，总是在你需要帮助的时候出现。

总之，他是可靠的。

]2．(2016·全国Ⅰ，64) My connection with pandas goes back ________ my days on a TV show in the mid－1980s.解析： to [go back to为固定短语，意思是“回到，追溯到〞。

]3．(2016·全国Ⅰ，短文改错)My uncle says that he never dreams being rich in a short period of time.________解析：在dreams之后加上of或about [固定短语dream of/about (doing) sth的意思是“梦想做某事〞。

]4．(2016·全国Ⅱ，44)Most of us are more focused________our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.解析： on [考查介词的用法。

很多人早晨的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中。

固定短语be focused on专心于，集中于。

be / get / become used to 習慣於be given to 喜歡;癖好be related to 與…有關系be addicted to 沉溺於;對…上癮be opposed to 反對devote oneself to獻身於;專心於be devoted to 致力於;忠誠於be admitted to 被…錄取;准進入be reduced to 淪為reduce…to…使…淪為be attached to附屬於;喜歡;依戀be adjusted to 適應be known to 為…所知be married to 和…結婚be sentenced to被判處be connected to 和…連在一起be exposed to 暴露於;遭受be compared to 被比喻成compare…to…把…比作…be engaged to 與…訂婚be / become / get accustomed to // accustomed to 慣於;有…習慣be engaged to 與…訂婚get down to 著手做lead to 導致object to反對;不喜歡;不贊成put one’s mind to全神貫注於give rise to 引起look forward to 盼望stick to 堅持pay attention to 注意attend to 專心;注意;照料see to 負責;注意contribute to對…作貢獻;有助於make contributions to對…作貢獻apply oneself to 致力於come close to幾乎;將近reply to 回答add to 增加add up to 加起來in addition to除…之外turn to轉向;求助於feel up to 能勝任於look up to 尊敬admit to承認belong to 屬於take to 喜愛;開始cling to 附著fall to 開始respond to 回答;對…作出回應accustom oneself to 使自己習慣於amount to等於prefer…to…更喜歡set an example to 給…樹立榜樣refer to 談到;參考;查閱agree to sth. 同意某事(比較：agree to do sth. 同意做某事) prefer…to…更喜歡take / make a trip to到…地方去join…to…把…和…連接起來turn a blind eye to對…視而不見turn a deaf ear to 對…充耳不聞show honor to向…表示敬意put an end to(bring…to an end) 結束set fire to 放火燒……drink (a toast) to 為……乾杯propose a toast to 提議……happen to…發生了……事occur to sb. 想起;想到total up to 總計達be close to 幾乎;將近hold to 堅持;抓住help oneself to 隨便用……hold on to 抓住;固守do harm to 對……有害處do wrong to 冤枉某人date back to 追溯到when it comes to…談到……時come to 來到;達到;結果為(比較：come to do sth逐漸做某事) give an eye to著眼於have an eye to doing 打算the key to ……的答案describe to 向……描述treat sb. to sth. 請某人吃……trust sth. to sb.把某物委託給某人pay a visit to 參觀……access to 進入;取得的方法be a stranger to 不習慣;對……陌生on one’s way to 在去某處的路上;在達成某事的過程中be kind to 對……和善be important to 對……重要be senior to 年齡長於……be equal to 和……相等be particular to ……所特有的(比較：be particular about 對……過於講究;挑剔)be subject to 服從;隸屬;易遭\受\患be familiar to 為……熟悉be similar to 和……相似be open to 對……開放be loyal to 對……忠誠be helpful to對……有益處be useful to對……有用be good to sb對某人好(比較：be good for 對……有益處)be bad to 對……不好be bad for(比較：對……有害處)be new to 對……不習慣;對……陌生as to 關於;至於next to(否定詞前)幾乎;be due to do sth.預定要做某事next to ……的旁邊due to 由於;歸因於……thanks to 多虧了;由於owing to 由於;因……的緣故in / with regard to 關於in /with relation to 關於;就……而論subject to 在……條件下;依照be given to 沉溺於be related to 與…相關get down to著手做lead to 著手做object to / be opposed to 反對put one’s mind to全神貫注於be equal to 勝任devote oneself to獻身於give rise to 引起look forward to 盼望pay attention to 注意lead to通向see to 負責access to 接近(某地的)方法be addicted to 沉溺於…對…上癮according to 根據contribute to 為…作貢獻如：1. access to 接近,進入(某地的)方法; 通路The only access to that building is along that muddy track.到那棟建築的通路是沿著那條泥濘的路走。

专题二考点03 介词和介词短语（A卷）一、单句语法填空1、Did the experiment find any differences in __________(term) of what children learned?2、Roy’s father was knocked_________ by a car.3、Mom told me that nothing ___________ the color red looked good ___________ my skin.4、Even if my tears turn _____________ a stream in May, still it can’t carry all my grief away.5、This community has been generous ____________ whatever they are able to donate, modest or substantial, physical or financial, to help their neighbors ______________ need.6、He studied hard day and night, aiming passing the college entrance exam.7、It’s obvious that British English and American English have a lot in common though they differsome aspects.8、Happiness belongs _____________ those who dare to have dreams and are ready to make___________(they) real.9、More and more young people continue hunting ___________ jobs in traditional companies while operating their online business.10、Today, we live longer, and more people _____________ ever before in history have access to food.11、It has long been believed that getting at least eight hours of sleep a night is good health.12、He ran away from home the age of thirteen.13、Chongqing is known to us all a "foggy city".14、Although I tried my best to convince them__________the importance and urgency of the operation, the doctors were not convinced__________(perform) it immediately.15、Read it once to understand the story, once again to appreciate the way the characters are described and the story develops and finally to become really familiar _______________ the new vocabulary and expressions.二、单句语法改错1、So my friends,let’s go to work through riding bicycles.2、A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience，especially if you are travelling in high speed.3、He has calculated the day of the week in which the Spring Festival will fall.4、Are you afraid that your friend would laugh you?5、There was no rain for weeks in end during July and August last year.6、At last,they reached the boat tied on a tree.7、The salary will be fixed according as qualifications and experience.8、In short, I believe that it is in great use to keep a diary in English for the development of our writing skills.9、He was in his early forties, tall and blond of bright blue eyes.10、Many students in our class are weak on English reading comprehension.三、阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。