2020年职称英语理工A概括大意真题及答案

职称英语历年真题《理工A》概括大意职称英语历年真题《理工A》概括大意精选职称英语考试一共有6个题型，包括阅读理解、完形填空、词汇选项、概括大意完成句子、补全短文和阅读判断。

要求在2个小时全部完成，题量大时间少，这就需要考生合理分配复习重点，应试时合理分配做题时间。

以下是yjbys网店铺整理的关于职称英语历年真题《理工A》概括大意精选，供大家备考。

Climate Change: The Long Reach(1) Earth is warming. Sea levels are rising. There's more carbon in the air, and Arctic ice is melting faster than at any time in recorded history. Scientists who study the environment to better gauge (评估) Earth's future climate now argue that these changes may not reverse for a very long time.(2) People burn fossil fuels like coal and oil for energy. That burning releases carbon dioxide, a colorless gas. In the air, this gas traps heat at Earth's surface. And the more carbon dioxide released, the more the planet warms. If current consumption of fossil fuels doesn't slow, the long-term climate impacts could last thousands of years--and be more severe than scientists had been expecting. Climatologist Richard Zeebe of the University of Hawaii at Manoa offers this conclusion in a new paper.(3) Most climate-change studies look at what's going to happen in the next century or so. During that time, changes in the planet's environment could nudge ( 推动) global warming even higher. For example: Snow and ice reflect sunlight back into space. But as these melt,sunlight can now reach--and warm--the exposed ground. This extra heat raises the air temperature even more, causing even more snow to melt. This type of rapid exaggeration of impacts is called a "fast feedback".(4) Zeebe says it's important to look at fast feedbacks. However, he adds, they're limited. From a climate change perspective. "This century is the most important time for the next few generations," he told Science News. "But the world is not ending in 2100." For his new study,Zeebe now focuses on "slow feedbacks". While fast feedback events unfold over decades or centuries, slow feedbacks can take thousands of years. Melting of continental ice sheets and the migration of plant life--as they relocate to more comfortable areas--are two examples of slow feedbacks.(5) Zeebe gathered information from previously published studies investigating how such processes played out over thousands of years during past dramatic changes in climate.Then he came up with a forecast for the future that accounts for both slow and fast feedback processes. Climate forecasts that use only fast feedbacks predict a 4.5 degree Celsius (8.1 degree Fahrenheit) change by the year 3000. But slow feedbacks added another 1.5 ℃--for a 6 total increase, Zeebe reports. He also found that stow feedback events will cause global warming to persist for thousands of years after people run out of fossil fuels to burn.23～26概括大意23. Paragraph 2__________24. Paragraph 3 __________25. Paragraph 4 __________26. Paragraph 5 __________A. Rising of sea levelsB. Impact of burning fossil fuelsC. Fast feedbacksD. Slow feedbacksE. Unpredictability of feedback processesF. A prediction of future climate change27～30完成句子27. Arctic ice has never been melting so fast in __________.28. Melting of snow and ice enables sunlight to reach __________.29. Zeebe came up with his future climate prediction by analyzing __________.30. After fossil fuels are used up, global warming will continue for__________.A. the exposed groundB. a very long timeC. the extra heatD. recorded historyE. previously published studiesF. rapid exaggeration of impacts答案与解析：23.A。

2020年职称英语考试真题(理工类A级) Older Volcanic EruptionsVolcanoes were more destructive in ancient history, not because they were bigger, but becausethe carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease.Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds wasinvestigat,ing the link between volcaniceruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed- off large numbers of animals, butall the mass extinctions over the past 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanicrock. To his surprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more.damage they seemedto do. Hecalculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of lifethey killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, oldereruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.The Permian extinction' ,for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked byfloods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe. Thosevolcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide. Theglobal warmingthat followed wiped out 80 per cent of all manne genera atthe time, and it took 5million years for the planet to recover. Yet 60 million years ago, there was another huge amount ofvolcanic activity and global warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but thingsreturned to normal within ten thousands of years. "The most recent oneshardly have an effect atall.”Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago,because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid. He thinks thatolder volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted todealing with increased levels of C02.Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France, says that Wignall'sidea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points outthat the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible totell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years. He also adds that it is difficultto estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and that lava volume may notnecessarily correspond to carbon dioxide emissions.。

职称英语等级理工类(A级)试题考试试题答案及题解3第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第2卜30题，每题1分，共8分) 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

Cloning(克隆)：Future Perfect?1 A clone is all exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell. Since Scottish scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997，research into cloning has grown rapidly．In May 1998，scientists in Massachusetts managed to create two identical calves(牛犊)using cloning technology．A mouse has also been cloned successfully，But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement：“We will have managed to clone a human being within the next two years，”he told the world．2 Seed’S announcement provoked a lot of media attention，most of it negative．In Europe，nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the US the President announced：”We will be introducing a law to ban all human cloning and many states in the US will have passed anti-cloning laws by the end of the year．’’3 Many researchers are not so negative about cloning，They are worried that laws banning human cloning will threaten important research．In March，The New England Journal of Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken．Many researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it，humancloning will have become routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science．4 Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world? The public has been bombarded(轰炸)with newspaper articles，television shows and films，as well as cartoons．Such information is often misleading，and makes people wonder what on earth the scientists will be doing next．Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cloning humans. It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our child to look like．But how would it feel to be a clone among hundreds，the anti-cloners ask．Pretty cool, answer the pr-cloners(赞成克隆的人)．第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。

职称英语《理工A》真题及答案(完整版)第1部分：词汇选项(第1——15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. The revelation of his past ledto his resignation.A.imaginationB. confirmationC.recallD. disclosure答案为D. revelation(揭露)– disclosure(揭露)2. Jensen is a dangerous man, and can bevery brutal.A.carelessB. cruelC.strongD. hard答案为B. brutal(残忍的) – cruel3. You’ll have to sprint if youwant to catch the train.A.jumpB.escapeC. runD.prepare答案为C. sprint (快速奔跑) – run(奔跑)4. We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty.A. changeableD.adaptable答案为A. fluid(不稳定的) –changeable (易变的)5. The new garment fits herperfectly.A.haircutB. purseC. clothesD.necklace答案为C. garment(衣服) –clothes(衣服)6. The phobia may have its root in achildhood trauma.A.fearB. joyC. hurtD.memory答案为C. trauma(精神上的创伤) – hurt(感情上的伤心或痛苦)7. They have to build canals to irrigatethe desert.A.decorateB. waterC.changeD. visit答案为B. irrigate(灌溉) –water(给…浇水)8. Her overall language proficiencyremains that of a toddler.A.disabledD. baby答案为D. toddler(学步的儿童) – baby(婴儿)9. The coastal area has very mild winter, but the central plains remain extremely cold.A. warmB.severeC.hardD.dry答案为A. mild(温暖的) – warm(温暖的)10. The details of the costume weretotally authentic.A. realB.outstandingC.creativeD. false答案为A. authentic(逼真的)– real (逼真的)11. We are aware of the potential problems.A.globalB. possibleC.ongoingD. central答案为B. potential(可能的)-possible(可能的)12. The idea was quite brilliant.A.positiveB. cleverC.keyD. original答案为B. brilliant(绝妙的)– clever (聪明的)13. Stock market price tumbledafter rumor of a rise in interest rate.A.regulatedB. increasedC. fellD.maintained答案为C. tumbled(暴跌) –fell(下降)14. The course gives you basic instructionsin car maintenance.A. coachingB. ideaC.termD. aspect答案为A. instructions (指导说明)—coaching(教导)15. All houses within 100 metres of theseas at risk of flooding.A. in dangerB. out of controlC.between equalsD. in particular答案为A in danger of (处于危险中)— at risk of (处于风险中) 阅读判断The Greatest of Victorian EngineersIn the hundred years up to 1860, the work of a small group of construction engineers carried forward the enormous social and economic change that we associate with the Industrial Revolution in Britain. The most important of these engineers was Isambard Kingdom Brunel, whose work in shipping, bridge-building, and railway construction, to name just three fields, both challenged and motivated his colleagues. He was the driving force behind a number of the hugely ambitious projects, some of which resulted in works which are still in use today.The son of an engineer, Brunel apprenticed with his father at an early age on the building of the Thames Tunnel. At the age of just twenty, he became engineer in charge of the project. This impressive plan to bore under the Thames twice suffered two major disasters when the river broke through into the tunnel when the second breach(决口)occurred in 1872, Brunel was seriously injured during rescue operation and further work was halted.While recovering from his injuries, Brunel entered a design competition for a new bridge over the Avon Gorge near Clifton. The original judge of the competition was Thomas Telford, a leading civil engineer of his day, who rejected all entries to the competition in favor of his own design. After considerable scandal, a second contest was held and Brunel’s design was accepted. For reasons of funding, however, exacerbated(加剧) by social unrest in Bristol, the project was abandoned in 1843 with only the towers completed. After Brunel’s death, it was decided to begin work on it again, partly so that the bridge could form a fitting memorial to the great engineer. The entire structure was finally completed in 1864. Today, the well-known Clifton Suspension Bridge is a symbol of Bristol, just as the Opera House is of Sydney.Originally intended only for horse-drawn traffic, the bridge now bears over four million motor vehicles a year.16.【题干】Brunel was an important airplane engineer in Britain during the Industrial Revolution.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】C【解析】17.【题干】Brunel was involved less in railway construction than in other engineering fields.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】C【解析】18.【题干】Brunel worked only on shipping, bridge-building and railway construction.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】B【解析】19.【题干】Brunel work was largely ignored by his colleagues.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】B【解析】20.【题干】Some projects Brunel contributed to are still in use today.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】A【解析】21.【题干】Brunel became an apprentice with his father when he was very young. 【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】A【解析】22.【题干】The Thames Tunnel project was more difficult than any previousprojects undertaken in Britain.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】C【解析】Geothermal(地热)Energy1.Since heat naturally moves from hotter regions to cooler ones, the heat from the earth’s center flows outwards towards the su rface. In this way, it transfers to the next layer of rock. If the temperature is high enough, some of this rock melts and forms magma(岩浆). The magma ascends in its turn towards the earth’s surface. It often remains well below the earth’s surface, creating vast areas of hot rock. In such regions, there are deep cracks, which allow rainwater to descend underground. Some of the heated rainwater travels back up to the earth’s surface where it will appear as a hot spring. However, if this ascending hot water reaches a layer of impermeable(不可渗透的)rock, it remains trapped, forming a geothermal reservoir. If geothermal reservoirs are close enough to the surface, they can be reached by drilling wells. Hot water and steam shoot up the wells naturally, and can be used to produce electricity in geothermal power plants.2.A few geothermal power plants depend on dry-stem reservoirs which produce steam but little or no water. In these cases, the steam is piped up directly to provide the power to spin a turbine generator. The first geothermal power plant, constructed at Lardarello in Italy, was of this type, and is still producing electricity today.3.Most currently operating geothermal power plants are either “flash” steam plants or binary(双重的)plants. Flash plants produce mainly hot water ranging in temperature from 300°to 700°Fahrenheit. This water is passed through one or two separators where released from the pressure of the underground reservoir, it “flashes” or boils into steam Again, the force of this steam provides the energy to spin the turbine and produce electricity. The geothermal water and steam are then reinjected directly back down into the earth to maintain the volume and pressure of the reservoir. Gradually they will be reheated and can then be used again.4.A reservoir with temperatures below 300° Fahrenheit is not hot enough to flash steam but it can still be used to generate electricity in binary fluid. The steam from this is used to power the turbines. As in the flash steam plant, the geothermal water is recycled back into the reservoir.23.【题干】Paragraph1_____【选项】A.Dry steam plantsB.Binary plantsC.Origin of geothermal energyD.Generation of electricityE.Flash steam plantsF.Recyclable water and steam【答案】C【解析】24【题干】Paragraph2_____【选项】A.Dry steam plantsB.Binary plantsC.Origin of geothermal energyD.Generation of electricityE.Flash steam plantsF.Recyclable water and steam 【答案】A【解析】25【题干】Paragraph3_____ 【选项】A.Dry steam plantsB.Binary plantsC.Origin of geothermal energyD.Generation of electricityE.Flash steam plantsF.Recyclable water and steam 【答案】E【解析】26【题干】Paragraph4_____ 【选项】A.Dry steam plantsB.Binary plantsC.Origin of geothermal energyD.Generation of electricityE.Flash steam plantsF.Recyclable water and steam【答案】F【解析】27.【题干】A geothermal reservoir is formed when hot water is trapped under _____.【选项】A.the energy to turn a turbineB.impermeable rockC.one or two separatorsD.turbine operatorE.little or no waterF.hot springs【答案】B【解析】28.【题干】A dry-steam reservoir produces steam with _____.【选项】A.the energy to turn a turbineB.impermeable rockC.one or two separatorsD.turbine operatorE.little or no waterF.hot springs【答案】E【解析】29.【题干】Flash plants produce hot water through _____.【选项】A.the energy to turn a turbineB.impermeable rockC.one or two separatorsD.turbine operatorE.little or no waterF.hot springs【答案】C【解析】30.【题干】In a binary plant, the heat of the geothermal water can be converted into _____.【选项】A.the energy to turn a turbineB.impermeable rockC.one or two separatorsD.turbine operatorE.little or no waterF.hot springs【答案】A【解析】Black Holes Trigger Stars to Self-DestructScientists have long understood that supermassive black holes weighing millionsor billions of suns can tear apart stars that come too close. The black hotels gravity pulls harder on the nearest part of the star, an imbalance that pulls the star apart over a period of minutes or hours, once it gets close enough.Scientists say this Uneven pulling is not the only hazard facing the star. The strain of these unbalanced forces can also trigger a nuclear explosion powerful enough to destroy the star from within. Matthieu Brassart and Jean-Pierre Luminet of the Observatoire de Paris in Meudon, France, carried out computer simulations of the final moments of such an unfortunate star’s life，as it veered towards a supermassive black hole.When the star gets close enough, the uneven forces flatten it into a pancake shape. Some previous studies had suggested this flattening would increase the density and temperature inside the star enough to trigger intense nuclear reactions that would tear it apart. But other studies had suggested that the picture would be complicated by shock waves generated during the flattening process and that no nuclear explosion should occur.The new simulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail，and found that even when their effects are included，the conditions favor a nuclear explosion. “There will be an explosion of the star-it will be completely destroyed,” Brassart says. Although the explosion obliterates the star, it saves some of the star’s matter from being devoured by the black hole. The explosion is powerful enough to hurl much of the star’s matter out of the black hole’s reach, he says.The devouring of stars by black holes may already have been observed, although at a much later stage. It is thought that several months after the event that rips the star apart，its matter starts swirling into the hole itself. It heats up as it does so, releasingultraviolet light and X-rays.If stars disrupted near black holes really do explode, then they could in principle allow these events to be detected at a much earlier stage, says Jules Hatpern of Columbia University in New York, US. “It may make it possible to see the disruption of that star immediately if it gets hot enough,” he says.Br assart agrees. “Perhaps it can be observed in the X-rays and gamma rays, but it’s something that needs to be more studied,” he says. Supernova researcher Chris Fryer of the Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico, US, says the deaths of these stars are difficult to simulate, and he is not sure whether the researchers have proven their case that they explode in the process.31.【题干】Something destructive could happen to a star that gets too close to a black hole. Which of the following destructive statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?【选项】A.The black hole could tear apart the star.B.The black hole could trigger a nuclear explosion in the star.C.The black hole could dwindle its size considerably.D.The black hole could devour the star.【答案】C【解析】32.【题干】According to the third paragraph，researchers differed from each other in the problem of_____【选项】A.whether nuclear reaction would occur.B.whether the stars would increase its density and temperature.C.whether shock waves would occur.D.whether the uneven forces would flatten the stars.【答案】A【解析】33.【题干】According to the fourth paragraph，which of the following is NOT true?【选项】A.No nuclear explosion would be triggered inside the star.B.The star would be destroyed completely.C.Much of the star’s matter thrown by the explosion would be beyond the black hole’s reach.D.The black hole would completely devour the star.【答案】D【解析】34.【题干】What will happen several months after the explosion of the star?【选项】A.The star’s matter will move further away from by the black hole.B.The black hole’s matter will heat up.C.The torn star’s matter will swirl into the black hole.D.The b lack hole’s matter will release ultraviolet light and X-rays.【答案】C【解析】35.【题干】According to the context，the word “disruption” in Paragraph 6 means_____【选项】A.”Confusion.”B.”Tearing apart.”C.”Interruption.”D.”Flattening.”【答案】B【解析】阅读理解第二篇Deforestation and Desertification(沙漠化)TheSahel zone lies between the Saharadesert and the fertile savannahs(热带大草原)ofnorthern Nigeria and South Sudan. The word sahel comes from Arabic and means marginal or transitional ,andthis is a good description of thesesemi-arid(半干旱)lands,whichoccupy much of the Western African countries of Mail,Mauritania,Niger,and Chad.Unfortunately, over the last century theSahara desert has steadily crept southwards eating into once productive Sahellands. United Nations surveys show that over 70 percent of the dry land inagriculture use in Africa has deterioratedover the last 30 years. Droughts have become more severe, the most recentlasting over twenty years in parts of the Sahel region. The same process ofdesertification is taking place across southern Africa as the Kalahari desertadvances into Botswana and parts of South Africa.One ofthe major causes of this desert advance ispoor agricultural land use, driven by the pressures of increasing population.Overgrazing一keeping too many farm animals on the land一means that grasses and other plants cannot recover, and scarce water suppliesare exhausted. Overcultivation一tryingto grow too many crops on poorland一resultsin the soil becoming even less fertile and drier, and beginning to break up. Soilerosion (侵蚀) follows, and the land turns into desert.Another cause of desertification is loss of tree cover. Trees are cutdown for use as fuel and to clear land for agricultural use. Tree roots help tobind the soil together, to conserve moisture, and to provide a habitat forother plants and animals. When trees are cut down, the soil begins to dry andloosen, wind and rain erosion increase, other plant species die, and eventuallythe fertile top soil may be almost entirely lost, leaving only bare rock anddust.The effects of loss of topsoil and increased drought are irreversible. Theyare,however, preventable. Careful conservation of tree cover and sustainableagricultural land use have been shown to halt deterioration of soils and lessenthe effects of shortage of rainfall. One project in Kita in south-west Malifunded by UNDP has involved local communities in sustainable management offorest,while at the same time providing a viable(有活力的)agriculturaleconomy. This may be a model for similar projects in otherWest African countries.35 order to prevent desertification,the author proposes ___.A. making good use of international aidsB. developing a sustainableagricultural economyC. gaining international supportD. converting agricultural land intoforest答案：b36.The Sahel zone is an area which ___.A. is covered with sad and grassB. has a long historyC. occupies much of South NigeriaD. belongs to Sudan答案：a37. What is the situation about thedesertification in Africa?A. The deserts are replaced withgrasslandsB. The deserts are expandingC. the deserts are moving northwardsD. the deserts are being deserted答案：b38. The wor d “deteriorated ” in paragraph2 means ___.A. deepenedB. sufferedC. slippedD. worsened答案：d39. What is the root causeof desertification?A. poor farmingB. overpopulationC. radical climate changeD. disappearance of rare plant species答案：a40. In order to prevent desertification,the author proposes ___.A. making good use of international aidsB. developing a sustainableagricultural economyC. gaining international supportD. converting agricultural land intoforest答案：b第三篇OlderV olcanic EruptionsV olcanoes were more destructive in ancient history, not because theywere bigger，but because the carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)theyreleased wiped out life with greater ease.Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the linkbetween volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptionskilled off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over the past300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To hissurprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage theyseemed to do. He calculated the “killing efficiency” for thesevolcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volumeof lava (熔岩) that they produced. He found that sizefor size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping outlife as their more recent rivalsThe Permian (二叠纪)extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked byfloods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size ofwestern Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10gigatonnes (十亿吨) of carbon as carbon dioxide. The globalwarming that followed wiped out 80 percent of all marine genera (种类)at the time, and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover. Yet 60million years ago, there was another huge amount of volcanic activity andglobal warming but no mass extindtion. Some animals diddisappear but thingsreturned to normal within tens of thousands of years. “The most recentones hardly have an effect at all,” Wignall says. He ignored theextinction which wiped out the dinosaurs (恐龙) 65million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused bythe impact of an asteroid (小行星). Hethinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent lifeforms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2.Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France,says that Wignall’s idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard todo these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power ofvolcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible totell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousandsor millions of years. He also adds that itis difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and thatlava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide emissions.41.Older volcanic eruptions did moredamage than more recent ones becauseA. older volcanoes were brighter.B. carbon dioxide made the earth muchwarmerC. older volcanoes were hotterD. carbon dioxide killed off life moreeasily答案：d42. Wignall calculated the killing powerof those older volcanic eruptions byA. estimating how long they lastedB. counting the dinosaurs they killedC. comparing the proportion of lifekilled with the volume of lava producedD. studying the chemical composition oflava答案：c43. When did dinosaurs become extinct?A. 300 million years ago.B. 250 million years agoC. 65 million years agoD. 60 million years ago答案：c44. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3that the cause of dinosaur extinction is_______A. a political issue.B. self-evident.C. quite certainD. controversial答案：d45. What is the main thesis of thearticle?A. V olcanic eruptions are not alwaysdeadly.B. Carbon dioxide emissions often giverise to global warming.C. Older volcanic eruptions are moredestructiveD. It is not easy to calculate the killingpower of a volcanic eruption答案：cResearchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking UprightMost of us walk and carry items in our hands every day. These are seemingly simple activities that the majority of us don’t question. _____(46) The team ofresearchers from the U. S., England, Japan and Portugal investigated the behavior of modern-day chimpanzees as they competed for food resources，in an effort to understand what ecological settings would lead a large ape — one that resembles the 6 million-year old ancestor we shared in common with living chimpanzees — to walk on two legs.“These chimpanzees provide a model of the ecological conditions under which our earliest ancestors might have begun walking on two legs”, said Dr. Richmond.The research findings suggest that chimpanzees switch to moving on two limbs instead of four in situations where they need to monopolize a resource._____(47)Over time, intense bursts of bipedal activity may have led to anatomical changes that in turn became the subject of natural selection where competition for food or other resources was strong.Two studies were conducted by the team in Guinea. The first study was conducted by the team in Kyoto University’s “outdoor laboratory” in a natural clearing in Bossou Forest. _____(48)The chimpanzees’ behavior was monitored in three situations: when only oil palm nuts were available, when a small number of coula nuts were available，and when coula nuts were the majority available resource.When the rare coula nuts were available only in small numbers, the chimpanzees transported more at one time. Similarly, when coula nuts were the majority resource, the chimpanzees ignored the oil palm nuts altogether. _____(49)In such high-competition settings，the frequency of cases in which the chimpanzees started moving on two legs increased by a factor of four. Not only was it obvious that bipedal movement allowed them to carry more of this precious resource, but also that they were actively trying to move as much as they could in one go by using everythingavailable-even their mouths.The second study, by Kimberley Hockings of Oxford Brookes University, was a 14-month study of Bossou chimpanzees crop-raiding, a situation in which they have to compete for rare and unpredictable Resources. _____(50)46.【题干】_____【选项】A.Standing on two legs allows them to carry much more at one time because it frees up their hands.B.But an international team of researchers, including Dr. Richmond from GW’s Columbian College of Arts and Sciences，have discovered that human walking upright, may have originated millions of years ago as an adaptation to carrying scarce, high- quality resources.C.Here, 35 percent of the chimpanzees activity involved some sort of bipedal movement, and once again, this behavior appeared to be linked to a clear attempt to carry as much as possible at one time.D.XXXXXXE.Researchers allowed the wild chimpanzees access to different combinations of two different types of nut — the oil palm nut，which is naturally widely available, and the coula nut, which is not.F.The chimpanzees regarded the coula nuts as a more highly-prized resource and competed for them more intensely.【答案】B【解析】47.【题干】_____【选项】A.Standing on two legs allows them to carry much more at one time because it frees up their hands.B.But an international team of researchers, including Dr. Richmond from GW’s Columbian College of Arts and Sciences，have discovered that human walking upright, may have originated millions of years ago as an adaptation to carrying scarce, high- quality resources.C.Here, 35 percent of the chimpanzees activity involved some sort of bipedal movement, and once again, this behavior appeared to be linked to a clear attempt to carry as much as possible at one time.D.XXXXXXE.Researchers allowed the wild chimpanzees access to different combinations of two different types of nut — the oil palm nut，which is naturally widely available, and the coula nut, which is not.F.The chimpanzees regarded the coula nuts as a more highly-prized resource and competed for them more intensely.【答案】A【解析】48.【题干】_____【选项】A.Standing on two legs allows them to carry much more at one time because it frees up their hands.B.But an international team of researchers, including Dr. Richmond f rom GW’s Columbian College of Arts and Sciences，have discovered that human walking upright,may have originated millions of years ago as an adaptation to carrying scarce, high- quality resources.C.Here, 35 percent of the chimpanzees activity involved some sort of bipedal movement, and once again, this behavior appeared to be linked to a clear attempt to carry as much as possible at one time.D.XXXXXXE.Researchers allowed the wild chimpanzees access to different combinations of two different types of nut — the oil palm nut，which is naturally widely available, and the coula nut, which is not.F.The chimpanzees regarded the coula nuts as a more highly-prized resource and competed for them more intensely.【答案】E【解析】49.【题干】_____【选项】A.Standing on two legs allows them to carry much more at one time because it frees up their hands.B.But an international team of researchers, including Dr. Richmond from GW’s Columbian College of Arts and Sciences，have discovered that human walking upright, may have originated millions of years ago as an adaptation to carrying scarce, high- quality resources.C.Here, 35 percent of the chimpanzees activity involved some sort of bipedal movement, and once again, this behavior appeared to be linked to a clear attempt to carry as much as possible at one time.D.XXXXXXE.Researchers allowed the wild chimpanzees access to different combinations of two different types of nut — the oil palm nut，which is naturally widely available, and the coula nut, which is not.F.The chimpanzees regarded the coula nuts as a more highly-prized resource and competed for them more intensely.【答案】F【解析】50.【题干】_____【选项】A.Standing on two legs allows them to carry much more at one time because it frees up their hands.B.But an international team of researchers, including Dr. Richmond from GW’s Columbian College of Arts and Sciences，have discovered that human walking upright, may have originated millions of years ago as an adaptation to carrying scarce, high- quality resources.C.Here, 35 percent of the chimpanzees activity involved some sort of bipedal movement, and once again, this behavior appeared to be linked to a clear attempt to carry as much as possible at one time.D.XXXXXXE.Researchers allowed the wild chimpanzees access to different combinations of two different types of nut — the oil palm nut，which is naturally widely available, and the coula nut, which is not.F.The chimpanzees regarded the coula nuts as a more highly-prized resource andcompeted for them more intensely.【答案】C【解析】CellPhone Lets Your Secrets OutYour cell phone holds secrets about you.Besides the names and numbers that you’ve programmed into it, ______traces____(51) of your DNA linger (遗留) on thedevice according to a new studyDNA is genetic (遗传的)material _____that_____ (52) appears in every cell. Like your fingerprint, yourDNA is _____unique______ (53) to you——unless you have an identical twin. Scientiststoday analyze DNA in blood, saliva (唾液), orhair left ____behind_______ (54) at the scene of a crime. The results oftenhelp detectives identify ____criminals______ (55) and their victims. Your cellphone can reveal more about you ____than_____ (56) you might think.Meghan J. McFadden, a scientist at McMasterUniversity in Hamilton, Ontario, heard about a crime in which the suspect bledonto a cell phone and later dropped the____device_____ (57). This made herwonder whether traces of DNA lingered on cell phones一evenwhen no blood was___involved_____(58). She and colleague Margaret Wallace ofthe City University of NewYork analyzed the flip-open phones(翻盖手机)of10 volunteers. They used swabs (药签) tocollect _____invisible___ (59) traces of the users from two parts of the phone:the outside, where the user ____holds_____(60) it, and the speaker which isplaced at the user’s ear The scientists cleaned the phones using asolution made mostly__of____(61) alcohol. The aim of washing was to remove alldetectable traces of DNA. The owners got their phones back for another week.Then the researchers ___returned________ (62)。

职称英语《理工A》概括大意历年真题及答案解析Black Holes(1) Black holes can be best described as a sort of vacuum, sucking up everything in space.Scientists have discovered that black holes come from an explosion of huge stars. Stars that are near death can no longer bum due to loss of fuel, and because its temperature can no longer control the gravitational (重力的 ) force, hydrogen ends up putting pressure onto the star's surface until it suddenly explodes then collapses.(2) Black holes come from stars that are made of hydrogen, other gases and a few metals. When these explode it can turn into a stellar-mass(恒星质量)black hole, which can only occur if the star is large enough (should be bigger than the sun) for the explosion to break it into pieces,and the gravity starts to compact every piece into the tiniest particle. Try to see and compare:if a star that's ten times the size of the sun end up being a black hole that's no longer than 70 kilometers, then the Earth would become black hole that's only a fraction of an inch!(3) Objects that get sucked in a black hole will always remain there, never to break free. But remember that black holes can only gobble up (吞噬) objects within a specific distance to it. It's possible for a large star near the sun to become a black hole, but the sun will continue to stay in place. Orbits (轨道) do not change because the newly formed black hole contains exactly the same amount of mass as when it was a star, only this its mass is totally contracted that it can end up as no bigger than a state.(4)So far, astronomers have figured out that black holes exist because of Albert Einstein's theory of relativity. In the end, through numerous studies, they have discovered that black holestruly exist. Since black holes trap light and do not give off light, it is not possible to detect black holes via a telescope. But astronomers continue to explore galaxies (银河系) , space and the solar system to understand how black holes. It is possible that black holes can exist for millions of years, and later contribute further process in galaxies, which can eventually lead to creation of new entities. Scientists also credit black holes as helpful in learning how galaxies began to form.23"～26概括大意23. Paragraph 1 __________24. Paragraph 2 __________25. Paragraph 3 __________26. Paragraph 4 __________A. Is there proof that black holes really exist?B. What are different types of black holes?C. How are black holes formed?D. How were black holes namedE. What happens to the objects around a black hole?F. What are black holes made of?.27～30完成句子27. Black holes are formed after__________.28. When a large star explodes, the gravity compacts ever piece into __________.29. A newly formed black hole and the star it comes from are of __________.30. Albert Einstein's theory of relativity helps to prove __________.A. the creation of new entitiesB. an explosion of huge starsC. the tiniest particleD. the same amount of massE. the existence of black holesF. a fraction of an inch23.C。

2020 职称英语理工类 A 真题及答案第1 部分：词汇选项( 第1～15 题，每题 1 分，共15 分)下面每个句子中均有 1 个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1 个意义最为接近的选项。

1. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class.A. controlB. observeC. regulateD. accept2. She showed a natural aptitude for the work.A. senseB. talentC. flavorD. taste3. Most people find rejection hard to accept.A. excuseB. clientC. refusalD. destiny4. The organization was bold enough to face the press.A. pleasedB. powerfulC. braveD. sensible5. They were locked in mortal combat.A. deadlyB. openC. actualD. active6. We were attracted by the lure of quick money.A. amountB. supplyC. temptD. sum7. The procedures were perceived as complex and less transparent.A. clearB. necessaryC. specialD. correct8. The Stock Exchange is in turmoil following a huge wave of selling.A. ServiceB. dangerC. disorderD. threat9. He believes that Europe must change or it will perish.A. surviveB. lastC. dieD. move10. There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next build.A. fairB. full C .coexisting D. public11. They promote assimilation of ethnic groups into the main-stream culture.A. policyB. value C .equality D. integration12. A salesman ’s cardinal rule is to satisfy customers.A. principalB. officialC. simpleD. legal13. I must compliment you on your handling of a very difficult situationA. silenceB. praise C .assure D. complain14. We lived for years in a perpetual state of fearA. emotionalB. nervousC. terribleD. Continuous15. The starving children were a pathetic sight.A. commonB. unexpectedC. unforgettableD. pitiful第2 部分：阅读判断( 第1 6～22 题，每题l 分，共7 分)下面的短文后列出了7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是准确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

2020职称英语理工类A真题及答案第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class.A. controlB. observeC. regulateD. accept2. She showed a natural aptitude for the work.A. senseB. talentC. flavorD. taste3. Most people find rejection hard to accept.A. excuseB. clientC. refusalD. destiny4. The organization was bold enough to face the press.A. pleasedB. powerfulC. braveD. sensible5. They were locked in mortal combat.A. deadlyB. openC. actualD. active6. We were attracted by the lure of quick money.A. amountB. supplyC. temptD. sum7. The procedures were perceived as complex and less transparent.A. clearB. necessaryC. specialD. correct8. The Stock Exchange is in turmoil following a huge wave of selling.A. ServiceB. dangerC. disorderD. threat9. He believes that Europe must change or it will perish.A. surviveB. lastC. dieD. move10. There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next build.A. fairB. full C .coexisting D. public11. They promote assimilation of ethnic groups into the main-stream culture.A. policyB. value C .equality D. integration12. A salesman’s cardinal rule is to satisfy customers.A. principalB. officialC. simpleD. legal13. I must compliment you on your handling of a very difficult situationA. silenceB. praise C .assure D. complain14. We lived for years in a perpetual state of fearA. emotionalB. nervousC. terribleD. Continuous15. The starving children were a pathetic sight.A. commonB. unexpectedC. unforgettableD. pitiful。

2020年职称英语理工类A级概括大意复习(1)High-tech Industry1 The 1980s were harsh times for many of Britain’s traditional industries. Steel, coal, chemicals, shipbuilding, heavy engineering, car assembly… all these industries and many more, declined rapidly. The old industrial regions like North-East England, Merseyside, South Wales and the West Midlands became areas of factory closures and high unemployment. Despite the general decline in manufacturing, there have been some areas and some manufacturing industries which have grown during the 1980s. Most of them are the so-called “sunrise” industries making a new dawn in high-tech industry.2 So what does high-technology mean? There is no single definition, but most high-tech industries involve the development or assembly of micro-electronics and computers. High-technology industry is footloose, not being tied to any single source of materials. However, some of the industry’s requirements have favored certain locations： a highlyskilled workforce is needed; it is necessary to keep in touch with scientific advances; the highly paid workforce demands an attractive environment in which to work and live.3 The result of these factors is that high-technology industry has tended to steer clear of the traditional industrial areas and the inner cities. Three areas have attracted large numbers of high technology jobs：The “West Corridor” between West London and Bristol, “Silicon Glen” in general Scotland, and “Silicon Fen” in Cambridge. One ofthe greatest single high-technology sites is the Cambridge Science Park. The Science Park was opened in 1973 on 50 hectares of derelict land in north Cambridge. Ready built factories and laboratories were made available. The land was owned by one of the colleges of Cambridge University and the Science Park has had close links with the University from the start. This has given access to some of Britain’s top scientific brains working at the university.4 Easy access to the M11 motorway has increased thesite’s attractions for high-technology industry. Two thousand people are employed there in nearly 70 companies. The largest just employs over 300, but half of the companies have fewer than 20 people. Most of the companies are manufacturing computers, telecommunications and precision instruments. The BBC microcomputer was developed and built here, for example. There are an increasing number of companies involved in bio-technology in the Science Park. These include among their products drugs and medical instruments. There are several companies concentrating on research and development, notably in lasers. Many of the research workers in the Science Park are employed at the University laboratories on a part-time basis.5 The success of the Cambridge Science Park has encouraged other universities ─ by 1987 there were 26 science parks linked with British universities. Four hundred and twenty companies were based in these science parks.23.Paragraph 224.Paragraph 325.Paragraph 426.Paragraph 5A.Cambridge Science ParkB. Good living and working conditionsC. Highly skilled workforceD. Information about high technologyE. Famous high-tech zones in BritainF. Influence of Cambridge Science Park准确答案：DEAF27.Britain’s traditional industries declined rapidly in the 1980s, but28.One reason for the preference of certain locations for the industry is that29.Some of the top scientific brains working at Cambridge University can work in the Science Park because30.More science parks linked with British universities appeared mainly becauseA.the light industries grew especially fastB. some new industries grew fast thenC. other universities are greatly encouraged by the achievement of the Cambridge Science ParkD. the traditional industrial areas and the inner cities are not popular anymore。

2020 职称英语理工类 A 真题及答案第 1 部分：词汇选项 ( 第 1～15 题，每题 1 分，共 15 分)下面每个句子中均有 1 个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定 1 个意义最为接近的选项。

1.I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class.A. controlB. observeC. regulateD. accept2.She showed a natural aptitude for the work.3.Most people find rejection hard to accept.A. excuseB. clientC. refusalD. destiny4.The organization was bold enough to face the press.A. pleasedB. powerfulC. braveD. sensible5.They were locked in mortal combat.A. deadlyB. openC. actualD. active6.We were attracted by the lure of quick money.A. amountB. supplyC. temptD. sum7.The procedures were perceived as complex and less transparent.8.The Stock Exchange is in turmoil following a huge wave of selling.9.He believes that Europe must change or it will perish.A. surviveB. lastC. dieD. move10.There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next build.A. fairB. full C .coexisting D. public11.They promote assimilation of ethnic groups intothe main-stream culture.A. policyB. value C .equality D. integration12.A salesman ’s cardinal rule is to satisfy customers. A.principal B. official C. simple D. legal13.I must compliment you on your handling of a very difficult situation14.We lived for years in a perpetual state of fearA. emotionalB. nervousC. terribleD. Continuous15.The starving children were a pathetic sight.A. commonB. unexpectedC. unforgettableD. pitiful第 2 部分：阅读判断 ( 第 16～22 题，每题 l 分，共 7 分)下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是准确信息，请选择 A; 如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B; 如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。

2020年理工类职称英语考试试题：概括大意1 You depend on all the people closely around to give you the warm feeling of belongingness （归属） that you must have to feel secure. But, in fact, the members of all the groups to which you belong also depend on you to give that feeling to them. A person who shows that he wants everything for himself is bound （一定的） to be a lonely wolf.2 The need for companionship is closely related to the need for a sense of belongingness. How sad and lonely your life would be if you had no one to share your feelings and experiences. You may take it for granted that there always will be people around to talk to and to do things with you and for you. The important point, however, is that keeping emotionally healthy does not depend so much upon having people around you as upon your ability to establish relationships that are satisfying both to you and to them.3 Suppose you are in a crowd watching a football game. You don't know them. When the game is over, you will all go your separate ways. But just for a while you had a feeling of companionship, of sharing the feelings of others who were cheering for the team you wanted to win.4 An experience of this kind gives the clue （线索） to what companionship really is. It depends upon emotional ties of sympathy, understanding, trust, and affection. Companions become friends when these ties are formed.5 When you are thrown in a new circle of acquaintances （熟人）, you may not know with whom you will make friends,but-you can be sure that you will be able to establish friendships if you show that you really like people.1 Paragraph 2_________2 Paragraph 3_________.3 Paragraph 4_________ .4 Paragraph 5_________.A Making friends with new acquaintancesB Close link between companionship and belongingnessC How to satisfy other people's needsD An example of a satisfying relationshipE Difficulties in establishing friendshipsF What companionship really is5 If you had no one to share your feelings, your life would be_________.6 The warm feeling of belongingness may give you_________.7 The ability to establish fine relations with otherswill keep you_________ .8 You will find it hard to make friends withpeople_________.A without pityB sad and lonelyC emotionally healthyD without real love for themE a sense of securityF a lonely wolf[参考答案]1. B2. D3. F4. A5. B6. E7. C8. D。

2020年职称英语理工类A级概括大意复习(3)Meet Your Memory1 Memory is something that cannot be seen， touched or weighed. It is thought to be abstract. It is a set of skills rather than an object. Neither is there a single standard for judging a good or poor memory. There are a number ofdifferent ways in which a person may have a 'good' memory.2 Memory is generally viewed as consisting of three stages： (1) acquisition refers to learning the material; (2) storage refers to keeping the material in the brain until it is needed; and (3) retrieval (提取) refers to getting the material back out when it is needed.3 Memory consists of at least two different processes：short-term memory and long-term memory. Short-term memory has a limited capacity and a rapid forgetting rate. Its capacity can be increased by chunking (组成大块)， or grouping separate bits of information into larger chunks. Long-term memory has an almost unlimited capacity.4 One measure of memory is recall， which requires you to produce information by searching the memory for it. In aided recall， you are given cues (提示) to help you produce the information. In free-recall learning you recall the material in any order; in serial learning you recall it in the order it was presented; and in paired-associate learning you learn pairs of words so that when the first word is given you can recall the second word. A second measure of memory is recognition， in which you do not have to produce the information from memory， but must be able to identify itwhen it is presented to you. In a third measure of memory，relearning， the difference between how long it took to learn the material the first time and how long it takes to learn it again indicates how much you remember. Relearning is generally a more sensitive measure of memory than is recognition because relearning shows retention (保持) while recognition does not. Recognition is generally a more sensitive measure than recall.练习：23 Paragraph 124 Paragraph 225 Paragraph 326 Paragraph 4A Why do we forget things?B How do we measure memory?C What are the stages memory consists of?D What is the difference between short-term memory and long-term memory?E What is memory?F Who may have a poor memory?27 Remembering involves getting the material back out when it is28 Grouping bits of information into larger chunks helps improve the capacity of our29 Long-term memory has an almost unlimited capacity and a30 As a measure of memory， relearning is more sensitive thanA short-term memoryB relearningC neededD codedE recognitionF slow forgetting rate答案：23 E 24 C 25 D 26 B 27 C 28 A 29 F 30 E。

职称英语考试综合A类概括大意题及答案职称英语考试综合A类概括大意精选题及答案Kings go mad, and the people suffer for it.以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的职称英语考试综合A类概括大意精选题及答案，希望能给大家带来帮助!第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23——30题，每题l分，共8分)下面的短文后有两项测试任务：(1)第23——26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2——5段的每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第27——30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

Is There a Way to Keep the Britain's Economy Growing?(1) In today's knowledge economy, nations survive on the things they do best. Japanese design electronics while Germans export engineering techniques. The French serve the best food and Americans make computers.(2) Britain specializes in the gift of talking. The nation doesn't manufacture much of anything. But il has lawyers, stylists and business consultants who earn their living from talk talk and more talk The World Foundation think tank says the UK's four iconic jobs today are not scientists engineers, teachers and nurses. Instead, they're hairdressers, celebrities, management consultant,and managers. But can all this talking keep the British economy going? The British govemmenl thinks it can.(3) Although the country's trade deficit was more than 60 billion in 2006, UK's largest in th postwar period, officials say the country has nothing to worry about. In fact, Britain does hay a world-class pharmaceutical industry, and it still makes a small sum from selling arms abroad.It also trades services- accountancy, insurance, banking and advertising. Thegovernment believes Britain is on the cutting edge of the knowledge economy. After all, the country .Shakespeare and Wordsworth has a literary tradition of which to be proud. Rock'n' roll is at English language medium, and there are billions to be made by their cutting-edge bands, hother words, the creative economy has plenty of strength to carry the British economy.(4) However, creative industries account for only about 4 percent of UK's exports of goods an services. The industries are finding it hard to make a profit, according to a report of thNational Endowment for Science, T echnology and the Arts. The report shows only 38 percen of British companies were engaged in "innovation activities", 3 percentage points below the EU average and well below Germany (61 percent) and Sweden (47 percent).(5) In fact, it might be better to call Britain a "servant" economy--there are at least 4 million people "in service", The majority of the population are employed by the rich to cook, clean,and take care of their children. Many graduates are even doing menial jobs for which they do not need a degree. Most employment growth has been, and will continue to be, at the low-skill end of the service sector--in shops, bars, hotels, domestic service and in nursing and care homes.23. Paragraph 2__________24. Paragraph 3 __________25. Paragraph 4 __________26. Paragraph 5 __________A. Growth of EconomyB. "Servant" EconomyC. Strength of the Creative EconomyD. Weakness of the Creative EconomyE. Gift of TalkingF. Export of Talking Machines27. Every country has its own way __________28. The British government doesn't seem __________29. The creative industries find it difficult__________30. Many graduates are employed __________A. to find jobsB. to do low-skill lobsC. to feed its peopleD. to handle disputesE. to make a profitF. to worry about the British economy第3部分：概括大意与完成句子23.E。

2020年职称英语综合类A级真题及答案第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1 It was unfortunate that she had erased the message.A heard ofB rubbed outC looked atD spoken out2 He came back home, weary and fatigued.A exhaustedB scaredC worriedD frightened3 The woman living next door is extremely slender.A slimB tallC weakD pale4 Your accusation is wholly without foundation.A almostB probablyC evidentlyD completely5 He was obsessed with American horror movies.A kept thinking aboutB took advantage ofC paid no attention toD cared nothing about6 I have to apologize for my abrupt departure yesterday.A lateB suddenC unfriendlyD untold7 I think she made a blunder by announcing it ahead of time.A decisionB mistakeC promiseD plan8 Some astronomers contend that the universe may be younger than previously believedA predictB thinkC suggestD argue9 My room is really very cosy.A coolB coldC cleanD comfortable10 She is a lovely and gracious woman.A curiousB courteousC quietD shy11 He never grumbled about working overtime.A complainedB talkedC wroteD spoke12 She hugged me like an old friend and invited me to dinner the next day.A heldB embracedC kissedD patted13 Different hypotheses have been put forward to explain why UFOs exist.A sentencesB commentsC theoriesD conclusions14 I must apologize for my outrageous behavior.A courageousB angryC greedyD glorious15 To start with, we need to decide who will preside over the meeting.A attendB celebrateC chairD prepare第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题l分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是准确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

2020年职称英语理工类A级真题及答案Older Volcanic EruptionsVolcanoes were more destructive in ancient history, not because they were bigger, but becausethe carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease.Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds wasinvestigat,ing the link between volcaniceruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed- off large numbers of animals, butall the mass extinctions over the past 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanicrock. To his surprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more.damage they seemedto do. Hecalculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of lifethey killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, oldereruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.The Permian extinction' ,for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked byfloods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe. Thosevolcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide. Theglobal warmingthat followed wiped out 80 per cent of all manne genera atthe time, and it took 5million years for the planet torecover. Yet 60 million years ago, there was another huge amount ofvolcanic activity and global warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but thingsreturned to normal within ten thousands of years. "The most recent ones hardly have an effect atall.”Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago,because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid. He thinks thatolder volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted todealing with increased levels of C02.Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France, says that Wignall'sidea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points outthat the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible totell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years. He also adds that it is difficultto estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and that lava volume may notnecessarily correspond to carbon dioxide emissions.。

2020年职称英语《理工类A级》概括大意专项练习题（1）Geology and HealthThe importance of particular metals in the human diet has been realized within the past few decades,and the idea that geology might be related to health has been recognized for a number of elements such as iodine,zinc and selenium.For example,soils with low iodine contents produce crops,and animals deficient in iodine.A lack of iodine in the humandiet leads to some serious diseases.The ultimate source of metals within the human body is rocks,which weather into soil,gaining or losing some of their chemical constituents.The crops we eat selectively remove from the soil the elements that they require for growth.The water we drink contains trace elements leached from rock and soil.Thus the geology and geochemistry of the environments have effects on the chemistry and health of plants,animals and people.So far there is no data to suggest that people living on metal-rich soils experience a potential health hazard.The levels of metals within naturally contaminated soils are generally not high enough to cause serious healthproblems.Living on metal-rich soils does not represent a health risk unless large quantities of soil are digested or metal-rich dust is inhaled.However,small children are particularly exposed to metal-rich topsoil in playgrounds andgardens.They are also the most likely ones to eat potentially dangerous metal-rich soil.Heavy metals are persistent;they do not break down to other chemicals in the environment.Industrially pollutedsites usually undergo intensive clean-up and rehabilitation because heavy metals are a health concern once they enter the food chain.Some trace metals are alleged to cause cancer and are also known to cause poisoning.In contrast,naturally contaminated soils have not been subject to risk assessment studies and rehabilitation measures,despite the fact that they frequently possess metal concentrations well above those of such polluted by humans and above environmental quality criteria.There is a vital need to understand the potential risks and long-term health effects of living on naturally contaminated soils.Future environmental investigations of naturally polluted soils should concentrate on the potential pathways of metals into the food chain and humanbody.Geologists should be part of such studies as they can provide the essential background information on rock and soil chemistry as well as the chemical forms of heavy metal pollution.A.No evidence to indicate bad effects of naturally contaminated soilB.Potential hazards of human contaminated soilsC.Research on channels of heavy metals getting into human food chainD.Geology and health problemsE.Rocks-the ultimate source of soil pollutionF.Long- term helth effects on children1.Paragraph 12.Paragraph 33.Paragraph 44.Paragraph 6A.industrially polluted soilsB.rock and soil chemistryC.naturally polluted soilsD.the pathways of metals into the food chainE.the element of iodineF.the persistence of heavy metals5.Some serious diseases is connected with deficiencyof ……6.It is extremely necessary to study the long-termeffects caused by living on ……7.Geologists are indispensable in the research project on geology and health due to their knowledge on……8.Industrially contaminated sites usually require a thorough clean-up due to ……Key： DABCECBF。

职称英语等级考试试题答案及题解理工类(A级)(6)21·答案为A．。

本题的意思是：救援车辆费了很大劲才把人救出来。

此句的意思在倒数第三段最后一句提到了，故选A。

'22．答案为C。

本题可译为：暴风雨中有几个人失踪了。

此句的意思文章中没有提到，故选C。

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子23·答案为D。

本文的标题是"地球的天使"，主题是环保，介绍的是几个孩子如何以自弓的行动来从事环保事业。

第一段主要介绍Joying Brescia这个8岁的孩子是怎样从妻环仔工作的。

细节内容是，她发现很多人在海滩上丢烟头，便筹集钱买来很多塑料桶，放在海滩上，提醒人们把烟头扔进桶里。

选项D(Don't Litter)的意思是不要乱扔垃圾，概括了这段的意思，作为第一段的小标题最合适，故选D。

24·答寨为F。

第二段主要讲一名叫Carter Dunham的孩子和他的伙伴如何保护一片湿地孕其里面的珍奇动物的事情。

选项F的意思是"保护野生动物"，正好概括了这段的意思，所以选F。

25·答案为E。

第三段主要讲一个名叫Barbara Brow的女孩和她的朋友发现废弃的油污对土地污染严重，提醒人们不要随便丢弃油污。

原文中的"Don"t Be Crude"就是这个意思，与选项E相同，故选E。

26·答案为A。

第四段主要介绍一名叫Ryan Hreljac的孩子通过打零工挣来的钱以及通过其他方式筹来的钱，成立的"水井基金"(Well Foundation)，帮助非洲人喝上干净的水。

选项A(Provide Clean Water)的意思是"提供清洁的水"，与本段主题一致，故选A。

27·答案为E。

此旬问的是Joying把一些桶放在公共场所的目的是什么?结合第一段的意思，我们知道这些桶是用来收集烟蒂的，故选E。