2018年上海高考英语语法填空解题点拨

2018高考英语语法填空题技巧全攻略语法填空是近年来高考英语推出的一种新题型。

这种题型能全面检测学生在英语词汇、语法，甚至是句法上的运用才能，能更科学地反应学生的英语综合程度。

本题型分两种情形：一种为已给单词提示；一种为不给单词提示。

一、已给单词提示题型的技巧此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握水平。

单词形式变化主要有两种，一是词的形、数、式的变化，一是词的派生变化。

在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题，看是否需要应用复合的变化形式，这一点是很重要的。

技巧一：名词形式变化。

名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。

例：There are many students living at school，the(child) houses are all far from schoo1．由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式——复数的所有格children’s。

技巧二：动词形式变化。

动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、从前分词)。

例：A talk(give) tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.句中的is written是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。

从tomorrow可以看出，报告是“未来”作的，故用不定式；且报告是give 动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——to be given。

技巧三：代词形式变化。

代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。

另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如no one／none、other／another等。

例：The king decided to see the painter by(he).由介词by可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself。

上海市2018年高考：英语考试真题与答案解析I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious.C. It is old-fashioned.D. It is disappointing.2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th.3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer.4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat.C. She wasn’t interested in the show.D. She didn’t get a favourable seat.6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.C. The woman doesn’t have breakfast.D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast.7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables.C. Cooking a meal.D. Picking tomatoes.8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.C. A vehicle is polluting the air.D. The man is reading a report online.10. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its special effects are not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the scary part.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. $1. B. $2 C. $3 D. $ 52.12. A. Pay the bills first.B. Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.C. Deposit $1000 every month.D. Put part of the money in a savings account.13. A. Methods of saving money.B. Saving money for family emergencies.C. The importance of saving money.D. Secrets of spending money wisely.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Free education.B. A sum of money.C. Donations from a local newspaper.D. Gifts from many people.15. A. Let students in before school.B. Offer ice cream and coffee.C. Introduce a bank into the campus.D. Reduce the traffic jams around.16. A. It lacks positive news.B. It should grow into a big city.C. It is a place worth living in.D. It remains peaceful and quiet.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Class Diary (June 13-19)SUN□13MON□1417 for after-class activity applicationTUE□15WED□16Handing in three student 18THU□17Basketball Club meetingTime:12:45—1:30pm Place: The 19FRI□18Filling in a form with up-to-date personal dataTime: 20 break Place: The computer room SAT□19Blank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Who is Sue Walter?She is 21 in court and a writer. What is Sue’s suggestion for people 22with difficulties?In Sue’s eyes, what is the best part23 in decision-making.about her job?What does Sue think happiness is?24II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly — we were always suddenly out of something. (25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —shy would she mot want to tell me about what she (28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop(29)_____(buy) the groceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret (31)______ me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by (32)_____ selfless she was. (B)Stress: Good or Bad?Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34)______ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_____(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient of (38) _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress inyour life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A.accountB. adjustableC. appliancesD. captureE. decorationsF. directG. experimentH. intendedI. operatedJ. soullessK. squeezeGolden Rules of Good DesignWhat makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to 41 the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary 42More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. Post-Modernist designers began to 44 with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen 45 such as ovens and kettles.Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is 46 . For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to 48 light where it is needed.From follows emotion. This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger. He believes design must take into 49 the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. These are as important as rational(理性的).When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking device that allows us to easily 50 the toothpaste onto our brush.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of managementlayers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating61. A. honoured B. left C. crowded D. compared62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractivenessSection BDirection：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished sattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “Poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters.“Is it good?” I asked her.“Yeah,” she answered. “There’s one I really like and you’ll like it, too.” I leaned forward.“‘Patty Poem,’” she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began: She never puts her toys away,Just leaves them scattered①where they lay,…①散乱的The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:When she grows and gathers poise②, ②稳重I’ll miss her harum-scarum③noise, ③莽撞的And look in vain④for scattered toys. ④徒劳地And I’ll be sad.A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock.“It’s you, honey,” My mother said sadly.To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the “she” in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying.“What’s wrong?” my mother asked.“Oh Mama,” I cried. “I don’t want to grow up ever!”She smiled. “Honey, it’s okay. You’re not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I’ll still love you, okay?”“Okay,” I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a person’s world.I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem” remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.66. Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again?A. It was a thick enough book.B. Something on its cover caught her eye.C. Her mother was reading it with interest.D. It has a meaningful title.67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ______ at first.A. sadB. excitedC. horrifiedD. confused68. The writer’s mother liked to read “Patty Poem” probably because______.A. it reflected her own childhoodB. it was written in simple languageC. it was composed by a famous poetD. it gave her a hint of what would happen69. It can be concluded from the passage that“Patty Poem”leads the writer to _______.A. discover the power of poetryB. recognize her love for puzzlesC. find her eagerness to grow upD. experience great homesickness（B）Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth’s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2018 to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions; this rise could still put coastal cities under water and drive over half of all species to extinction.2℃To meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countries to tighten emissions targets every five years. Even this increase could sink some islands, worse drought(干旱) and drive a decline of up to a third in the number of species.1.5℃This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement, aftera push by low-lying island nations like Kiribati, which say limiting temperature rise to1.5℃could save them from sinking.0.8℃This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began, putting us 40% of the way to the 2℃point.0℃The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of the industrial age.70. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______.A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countriesC. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto ProtocolD. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming71. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?A. The human population would increase by one third.B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_______.A. 0.8℃B. 1.5℃C. 2℃D. 3.5℃(C)Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark(认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.“The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaninglessdrivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “we need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller.Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says.Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that we don’t know how companies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large collections of personal information have become valu able only recently, he says.The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.73. What does the phrase “ meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.74. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _______.A. social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark schemeB. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they thinkC. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scaleD. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models75. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______.A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years oldB. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understandC. the information they collected could become more valuable in futureD. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantage of76. The writer advises users of social media to _______.A. think carefully before posting anything onto such websitesB. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemarkC. take no further action if they can find a kitemarkD. avoid providing too much personal information77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Say no to social media?B. New security rules in operation?C. Accept without reading?D. Administration matters!Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete thestatements in the fewest possible words.Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed ti reduce congestion(拥堵) at some of the country’s busiest stations.In the first move of its kind, all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity(容量) at the height of the rush hour.A xix-month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid-April, eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left. The move, imitating a similar structure in Far eastern cities such as Hong Kong, is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times . it could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years.According to London Underground, only 40 percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators, leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the “standing “side.A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any time of could be raised by almost a third. Peter McNaught, operations director at London Underground, said: “It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still, but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true. This new six-month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term.”Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4 high. Tube bosses claim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up—meaning only one side was used at all times. Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5 to ban walking.The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2,500 people between 8:30am and 9:30am on a typical day, rising to 3,250 during the researching period.In the new trial, which will be launched from April 18, one of three “up” escalators will be standing only, with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walking and standing.(Note: Answering the questions the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left?79. What did last year’s three-week trial at Holborn station prove?80.The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least _________ in height.81. In the new trail, in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours, the other “up” escalators will be used for_________________.I.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.我真希望自己的文章有朝一日能见报。

上海高考英语语法填空解题技巧在上海高考英语考试中，语法填空题通常会占据比较大的分值。

因此，认真准确地完成语法填空题能够有效地提高考生的英语成绩。

然而，这类题目因为其对语法知识的考查和灵活运用所涉及的难度较高，即使是一些高分考生也可能因为不完全掌握技巧而失分。

为此，本篇文章将针对上海高考英语语法填空解题技巧进行详细的介绍。

首先，正确理解文章意思前往语法填空题的考试情景中，每个选项都对应于文章或段落中的一个空缺处。

因此，正确理解文章的意思是解答语法填空题所必须的基本前提。

考生需要精读整篇文章或段落，把握其主旨和基本含义，从而能够正确地辨认所需填充的语法部分，排除不必要的选项。

其次，掌握第一、二语法规则在解答语法填空的过程中，主要使用的是第一和第二语法规则。

这两个语法规则的应用范围非常广泛，掌握它们对于正确选出选项至关重要。

第一语法规则是指词类匹配，主要是指名词、动词、形容词的搭配。

这里我们以名词为例。

在语法填空中，名词的考察重点在于选项和文章间是否有一定的逻辑关系。

这个逻辑关系往往是指具有一定同义或反义的词类之间的匹配关系。

例如，文章中提到了“the ocean”，那么选项中的“sea”就是一个正确的选项。

第二语法规则则是指句子成分、时态和语法语境。

在语法填空中，动词时态和语态的考察占据了很大的比重。

除此之外，考生还需要关注不同形式的词汇所产生的句子成分的不同的影响。

第三，注意选项之间的区别在语法填空题目中，考生常常会遇到相似的选项，这需要选手在选项上进行深度的比较和分析。

首先，选项中的逻辑关系与文章中的语义关系是否一致，其次，选项中的单词用法是否合理，是否符合上下文推理。

如果考生能够注意到这些问题，并将其正确地运用到解答过程中，那么就能够有效地筛选出正确的选项。

第四，保持心态平稳、有效地使用时间语法填空题目的难点和复杂性常常会导致考生在考试过程中精神紧张和慌乱，从而影响解答准确率。

因此，保持心态平稳是解答语法填空的关键所在。

通过对近两年以来高考英语全国新课标卷和广东卷语法填空题的研究和梳理，并结合大量的语法填空模拟题，总结出以下几条适合广大考生的解题技巧，希望再通过有的放矢的训练，能对在专题上有所突破。

一、让学生真正了解语法填空题。

在知道高考题型改变之初，许多学生都出现了畏难情绪，主要源于大部分学生认为自己英语成绩主要原因就是语法不好。

针对这种情况，平复学生畏难情绪的最好办法就是让学生了解这个题型，并且能够在自己的知识水平的基础上斩获能够得到的分数。

解决这个问题需要三个步骤：首先，让学生清楚语法填空题的出题特点：提示性填空题和自由填空两大类。

提示性填空主要考察动词（包括时态、语态和非谓语动词）、形容词和副词（包括形容词和副词之间词性转换和词形转化以及比较级和最高级的变化）以及名词（比较少，但是曾有词性转换方面的题出现）。

而自由填空主要集中在冠词（和名词相生相依）、代词、介词、连词和关系词几个方面。

学生了解了语法填空题还是在考平时所学的内容，只不过换个考查形式而已。

其次，在广东卷选取一个相对简单的题给学生进行模拟训练，如2010年广东卷的语法填空不是很难，让学生在规定的15分钟内完成，结果，有近三分之一的学生能够做出5个左右，能够得到7.5分，有较好的同学做对了7个，也就是能够得到10.5分，这个成绩明显要比单项选择题得分高，但是也有不容忽视的问题，有至少10个学生得了零分，还有20多个学生做对了两三个空。

不过学生做完题后感觉不像想象中的那么难，所以对语法填空题的畏难情绪一扫而光。

第三，学生的畏难情绪消除之后，还要让学生理智看待语法填空题，并且和短文改错题进行比较，找到两个题型之间的异与同，虽然考查目的不同，但是考查的知识都是相同的，学生在做这两方面的题时，会自觉的想到知识之间的联系，一方面增加做题的自信心，另一方面可以对知识学习做到融会贯通。

二、细化做题方法，增加其可操作性。

学生消除了对语法填空题的畏难情绪后，做题方法的辅导不能笼统，一定要细化到学生可以掌握，像浏览全文，把握语篇；边读边填，先易后难；验证复查，清除难点这样纲领式的做题方法对学生来说一点作用都没有。

II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Sizing Up Carbon FootprintsKelsey Schroeder was “born green”, according to her mother, and she takes that environmental enthusiasm to class with her at the Oak Knoll School of the Holy Child in Summit, N. J.. The 12-year-old (21)_____ (be) a driving force in greening her school since she was a fourth-grader. But (22)______really motivates kids — especially the sort of achievers who attend an exemplary private school like Oak Knoll — is a little competition. So when Schroeder and her classmates found out about a website (23) _____ (launch) last year that sets teams from around the country against one another in a contest to see who could be (24)______(green), they jumped on board. Her seventh-grade Royal Acorns team is Carbonrally’s the most recent champion,(25)_____ (save) 11.21 tons of climate-changing CO2 to date.(26)_____Americans grow more green-minded, more of them want to approach environmentalism in concrete terms. Thanks to websites like Carbonrally, one increasingly popular way to do so is by measuring and measurably reducing our carbon footprints — the greenhouse gases we’re responsible for (27)_____(emit). The more dependent we are (28)_____ fossil fuels, the bigger our carbon footprints; unsurprisingly, Americans, who are responsible for more than 20 tons of CO2 per capita annually, have some of the biggest feet in the world. How big?A recent study by a class at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology found that even a homeless American (29)_____ have a carbon footprint of 8.5 tons —twice (30)_______global average. “We have contributed more than our fair share to this problem,” says Katherine Wroth, a senior editor at the green website . “It seems logical that we would want to contribute to the solution.”Keys: 21. has been 22. what 23. launched 24. greener 25. having saved26. As 27. on 28. emitting 29. would 30. theII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Some ambitious office workers will stop at nothing to get ahead. And the use of email has provided an entire new box of dirty tricks for employees (21)______(hope) to climb the career ladder. Pushy office workers keen (22) ________(impress) bosses are increasingly using “ego mail” as a way to get ahead of their colleagues. And it seems men are the worst offenders.Showing off – or showing a colleague up - by copying management into an email thread is becoming more common, according to a study from a Cambridge scholar. Professor David De Cremer, of Cambridge University’s Judge Business School, found that workers who regularly CC, or “carbon copy,” their boss into email replies do so to unsettle their co-workers. “This finding suggests that when your co-workers copy your supervisor very often, they (23)______be doing so strategically, (24)________ they consciously know what the effect will be on you,’”he wrote in the Harvard Business Review.Men who “have no shame” are far more likely to engage these underhand tactics than women, according to Professor Tom Jackson of Loughborough University. “Interestingly from our research I would say that males are much more (25)________(focus) on doing this. Females might know how to do it (26)________ may not actually do it. Males have no shame - they just go ahead and do it,” he said. The method does seem to work, he added, because managers often remember (27)________ (pushy) employees when promoting members of staff.The ego email tactics could mean that women are missing out on promotions that are instead handed to male colleagues less embarrassed about using messages to show off. Some office workers go out of their way to email bosses at anti-social hours to show their commitment (28)_______the job. The study found that many would schedule messages (29)________(send) to management late at night or early in the morning to make it appear they are working even when they are not.This sort of behaviour could increase illness and stress in the workplace, according to experts. David D’Souza, of human resources organization the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, said ego emailing was a sign of an unhealthy working environment (30)_______employees were “fearful” for their jobs.Keys: 21.hoping 22.to impress 23.may 24. as 25. focused26. but 27. pushier 28. to 29. to be sent 30. whereII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.New England, USA is the vacation land of many people from other parts of the country, because there are so many lakes, waterfalls, and beautiful spots for camps, streams for fishing, and in the Maine woods places for hunting deer and mouse. In New Hampshire there are mountains called the White Mountains and one of these White Mountain, (21) ______ (name) after our First President, is Mount Washington. It is the highest mountain in this part of the country , and just(22)_______ it is so high many people like to climb it. All along the New England coast are places(23) people go to spend the summer, because this part of the country is so cool while the rest of the country is so hot.But the thing that New England is (24)_______ (proud) of its schools and colleges. In their mills they make things, and in their schools and colleges they make men. Two of the most noted colleges in the country are in New England -Yale is in Connecticut and Harvard is in Massachusetts. Harvard is the oldest college in the United States.(25) (stick) out from Massachusetts like a long, (26) (bend) finger, (27)______ ______signaling people across the water to come to Massachusetts, is a piece of land called Capel Cod. It was named in honor of the codfish, because codfish are so plentiful in those waters, and they are caught and dried (28) _____ great quantities and shipped everywhere.The finger of Cape Cod has beckoned to (召唤）people of (29) _____ lands than England. People who speak strange languages have come to New England to work in factories and mills, (30) now almost one quarter of the people in New England are not from England; they are not Yankees.Keys: 21. named 22.because 23.where 24.proudest 25.Sticking26. bent 27.as if 28.in 29.other 30.so thatII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.In short, those elf stories in Iceland might have represented a vague yet desperate attempt at control: if you did the right thing and helped out a hidden person, then at least through your response you had a tiny bit of power over your own destiny.In a category of their own (21) (be) the tales of elves who abducted mortal children or lured away adolescents. Those may have reflected an event more grim reality: children and teenagers who routinely died or went (22) (miss). Partly this happened (23) the adults had to work constantly and could not always be on call to supervise. During the summers they often had to work some distance from the farm,and when they did they would leave their children unattended for (24) (long) periods. Any number of things could happen to those children. They might wander off somewhere, possibly falling into a river, (25) a cliff, or into a deep crevice in the landscape. Or maybe the children (26)______were out working, with all the associated perils. As clearly as the age of five they were put into work watching the sheep, sometimes in a distant field.Imagine (27) a fog crept in and they tried to find their way home, only (28)_______ (become) hopeless lost. They could even have an accident, far from any available help. And so the (29)_______(bereave) parents,tormented by guilt, might conjure up a story in which their children had not,in fact,died,but had been taken away by elves who could provide a good life for them-even better than the one they (30)_______(provide).To the Icelanders,stories of elves and hidden people are an integral part of the cultural and psychological fabric of our nation. They are a part of our identity, a reflection of the struggles, hopes, resilience and endurance of our people. As such,they are very dear to us.Keys: 21.were 22.missing 23.because 24.longer 25.off26.whoever 27.if 28.to become29.bereaved 30.could have providedII．Grammar and Vocabulary Section ASection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Today the Statue of Liberty is a beloved landmark. It (21) (tower) above of the harbor of New York and is lovingly cared for by the National Park Service. Many thousands of visitors who visit Liberty Island each year might never suspect that getting the statue (22) (build) was a long slow struggle. More than a century ago, it (23)____ (be) the celebration of freedom and the commemoration of the friendship between America and France that inspired sculptor Auguste Bartholdi and finally he went forward with designing the potential statue and promoting the idea of building it. However, money was so big a problem (24) was haunting the two governments from the beginning to the end.Donations for the building of the statue first began coming in throughout France in 1875. Numerous people gave donations. A copper company donated the copper sheets that would be used to fashion the skin of the statue. Various donations were helpful, (25)_____ the cost of the statue kept riding. (26) (face) with a shortfall of money, the French-American Union held a lottery. Merchants in Paris donated prizes, and tickets were sold. Th e lottery was a success, but more money was still needed. The sculptor Bartholdi eventually sold miniature versions of the statue, (27) the name of the buyer engraved on them.Finally, in July 1880 the French-American Union announced that enough money had been raised to complete the building of the statue.While the French had announced that the funds for the statues were in place in 1880, by late 1882 the American donations, which would be needed to build the pedestal,were sadly lagging. The sculptor Bartholdi had travelled to America in 1871 to promote the idea of the statue. Despite Bartholdi’s efforts, the idea of the statue was difficult (28) (sell).Some newspapers, most notably the New York Times, often criticized the statue as folly, and vehemently opposed (29) (spend) any money on it. The newspaper publisher Joseph Pulitzer, who had purchased a New York City daily, The World, in the early1880s, took us the cause of the statue’s pedestal. He mounted an energetic fund drive, promising to print the name of each donor, (30) small the donation, Pulitzer’s audacious plan worked, and millions of people around the country began donating whatever they could.In August 1885, that final $100,000 for the statue; the pedestal had been raised. Construction work on the stone structure continued, and the next year the Statue of Liberty, which had arrived from France packed in crated, was erected on top.Keys: 21. towers 22. built 23. were 24. as 25. but26. faced 27. with 28. to sell 29. spending 30 howeverII．Grammar and Vocabulary Section ADirection: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.At least 10 terrorists were killed and nine policeman (21) (wound) on Sunday during a security raid in Giza province near the capital Cairo, the Egyptian Interior Ministry said in a statement.The terrorists were extremist elements (22) (escape) from North Sinai province and hiding in two apartments in Giza’s Ard al-Liwaa district in preparation for carrying out a number of terror operations, said the police statement.“Fire exchange with eight militants in the first apartment led to killing of them and shootout in the (23) apartment killed two,” said the statement , noting that the gunfire was started by the militants and it continued for four hours.“One of them threw an explosive device at the forces but it blew him off,” it added.The police said that the confrontations wounded nine policeman (24) four machine guns and ammunition were seized during the raid.Since March, similar security campaigns killed about 50 militants in the provinces of Cairo,Giza, Alexandria, Beheira, Fayoum, Qalioubiya,Minufiya, Ismailia and others.Egypt has been fighting against a wave of terror activities (25) killed hundreds of policemen and soldiers since the military toppled former Islamist president Mohamed Morsi in July 2013 in response to mass protests (26) his one-year rule and his currently outlawed Muslim Brotherhood group.Terror attacks in Egypt (27) focus on police and military men in North. Sinai before spreading nationwide and targeting the Coptic minority as well,with most of them (28)_______(claim) by a Sinai-based group loyal to the regional Islamic State militant group.Another militant group (29) (refer) to itself as Hasm, which appeared late last year and is regarded by the police as an affiliate with the Brotherhood, claimed responsibility for a number of terrorist attacks that killed several policemen in the country.Meanwhile, the Egyptian military and police have killed hundreds of militants and arrested a similar number of suspects as part of the country’s anti-terror war (30) (declare) by President Abdel-Fattah al-Sisi, the army chief then, following Morsi’s removal.Keys: 21.were wounded 22.escaping 23.other 24.while 25.that26.against ed to 28.claimed 29.referred 30.declaredII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A great deal of attention (21)_________ (pay) today to the so-called digital divide--the division of the world into the info(information) rich and the info poor at present. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was (22)_______ (visible) then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. (23)______ the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access-after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and moregovernments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet (24)_______(net) together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow (25)______ ______widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet (26)______well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we've ever had.Of course, the use of the Internet isn't the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.(27)_________(take)advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries(28)________ still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure(the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States built (29)________industrial infrastructure, it didn't have the capital to do so. And that is (30)_______ America's Second Wave infrastructure- including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on-were built with foreign investment.Keys: 21.is being paid 22.less visible 23.As 24.will be netted 25.rather than26.may 27.To take 28. that 29.its 30.whySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Kazuo Ishiguro, who won this year’s Nobel Prize in Literature, has a number of strings to his bow, or rather his guitar.u The 62-year-old is world famous as a writer of fiction, but his early dream was to be a great singer and songwriter, like last year’s winner, Bob Dylan.His friend and former publisher Robert McCrum recalls the young Ishiguro (21) (turn) up at the publishing house Faber and Faber with a bunch of his stories in one hand and a guitar over his shoulder. It was his stories (22) earned him the great honor he received two weeks ago (23) his name indicates, Ishiguro comes from a Japanese background, although he came to Britain from Japan at the age of 5 and is a British citizen who writes in English.He(24)________(educate) at the University of East Anglia, a school that has become known for training writers.Ishiguro’s writing is highly restrained. His characters are often reluctant to express (25) , except in a kind of code. This certainly gives his writing a quality in common with that of Jane Austen, an author to (26) he is often compared. The best example of this is his novel The Remains of the Day, which later became a successful film.The central character of the book is a butler called Stevens. He is an extremely loyal servant to an English lord, and is a character who some might call repressed. He misses out on affection and love (27) he will not confess his feelings to anyone.The story is told by Stevens, and his style is as polite and unrevealing as his behavior. Of course, we (28) read between the lines to uncover the “real” story, which isn’t quite the one the butler is telling. Stevens finds it a challenge (29) (communicate), and communication is often a theme in Ishiguro’s novels.In this author’s sense of the world, there is a gap between our feelings and our ability to communicate them. The Nobel Committee emphasized this theme (30) it talked about Ishiguro’s work. The writer has, the committee claimed, “in novels of great emotional force ... uncovered the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world”.Keys: 21. turning 22. that23. As 24. was educated25. themselves26. whom 27. because 28. have to 29. to communicate30. whenII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.New UK Banknotes Causes ComplaintsAn argument has started over the use of the new plastic £5 (about 43 yuan) note in the UK.A petition (请愿) to the Bank of England has been launched by the thousands of vegetarians, --- (21) ______ (call) for the use of tallow (动物脂油), a substance made from animal fat, in thebanknotes to be stopped.The new £5 note, or fiver, (22) ______ features former prime minister Winston Churchill, is the UK’s first-ever bill (23) ______ (make) from a polymer (聚合材料). Its strong structure means it can deal with dirt and moisture better than the paper bill (24) ______ replaced.The notes started being used in September, and around 440 million new fivers (25) ______ (believe) to already be in circulation.“I understand old notes contain stuff as well --- we can’t do anything about what is already in use --- but the fact that they are producing new ones is (26) ______ really angers me.” Doug Maw, who started the petition, told the Press Association. “There have got to be other ways of making money without using animal products.”But in the eyes of Australian scientist David Solomon, who developed the first polymer bank note in Australia in 1988, the new £5 (27) ______ (contain) incredibly small amounts of tallow, which is also found in candles and soap.“It picks up fewer drugs than paper notes and you don’t chop down trees,” he told The Independent. “It’s more hygienic (卫生的) than a paper note by a long way.”It's not the first time that the latest version of the fiver (28) ______ (cause) controversy (争议). Another petition was created (29) ______ it was announced that Winston Churchill would replace English social reformer Elizabeth Fry on the face of the note, meaning no English banknotes would feature women (30) ______ ______ Queen Elizabeth II.After thousands expressed their anger, it was announced that British novelist Jane Austin would be the face of the new £10 note from summer 2017.Keys: 21. calling22. which23. made24. it25. are believed26. what 27. contain28. has caused29. when30. apart fromII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.It’s time to go out for a run!As little as five minutes of running or jogging each day can help people reduce their risk of premature death by nearly one-third and extend their lives by about three years, according to a U.S. study.The researchers tracked the exercise habits of over 55,000 adults in the United States for six to twenty-two years. About 24 percent of the adults described themselves (21)_____ runners. Compared to those who didn’t run, those who did were 30 percent (22)_____(likely) to die of any cause during the course of the study. These figures (23)_____(adjust) to take into account people’s smoking and drinking habits, how old they were (24)_____ they enrolled in the study, their family’s health history and their other exercise h abits.The researchers divided up the roughly 13,000 runners into five groups (25)_____(base) on how many minutes they ran per week. Those (26)_____ were in the lowest group ran up to 50 minutes over a seven-day period, and those in the highest group ran for more than 175 minutes over the course of a week. According to the study, the benefits of running were pretty much the same for all runners.“Running even at lower doses or slower speeds was associated with significant benefits,” the researchers wrote in their report. (27)_____(reduce) the risk of premature death, they calculated, all it took was 30 to 59 minutes of running per week.“This finding has clinical and public health importance,” the report continues. “Time is one of the strongest barriers to (28)_____(participate) in physical activity. This study may motivate more people to start running. People who (29)_____ hardly devote 20 minutes to moderate physical activity each day may appreciate the efficiency of a five-minute run.” However, it is not clear (30)_____ the findings of this study would apply to the nation as a whole.Keys: 21. as22. less likely23. were adjusted24. when25. based26. who27. To reduce28. participating29. can30. whetherII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.While income worry is a rather common problem of the aged, loneliness is another problem that aged parents may face. Of all the reasons (21) _______explain their loneliness, a large geographical distance between parents and their children is the major one. This phenomenon is commonly known as “Empty Nest Syndrome”(空巢综合症).In order to seek (22) ________ (good) chances outside their countries, many young people have gone abroad, (23) ________ (leave) their parents behind with no clear idea of when they will return home. Their parents spend countless lonely days and nights, taking care of themselves, in the hope that someday their children will come back to stay with them. The fact (24) ________ most of these young people have gone to Europeanized or Americanized societies makes it unlikely that they will hold as tightly to the value of duty (25) ________ they would have if they had not left their countries. (26)_________ the case, it has been noted that the values they hold do not necessarily match (27)________ they actually do. This geographical and cultural distance also prevents the grown-up children from providing timely response (28) _________ their aged parents living by themselves.The situation in which grown-up children live far away from their aged parents (29)________(describe) as “distant parent phenomenon”, (30)_______ is common both in developed countries and in developing countries. Our society has not yet been well prepared for “Empty Nest Syndrome”.Keys: 21.that 22.better 23.leaving 24.that 25.as26.whatever 27.what 28.for 29.has been described 30.whichII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.What families need is more affordable urban neighbourhoods with decent schools, safe streets, adequate parks ---and more housing space. As New York University’s Shlomo Angelpoints out, virtually all major cities worldwide（21）_______ (grow) outward more than inward, and becoming less dense in the process --- because density drives families away from urban cores and toward less dense peripheres(外围). The lesson is clear:（22）________cities were families, they should promote a mixture of density options.The solution is not to make war on suburbia, as urbanists have been doing for years. Following the notions (23)________ Jane Jacobs advanced a half-century ago, contemporary urbanists argue that high density creats a (24)______ (strong) sense of community. But that contention isn’t self-evident. The university of California’s Jan Brueckner and Ann Largely conducted 15,000 interviews across the country and found that for every 10 percent drop in population density, the likelihood of someone’s talking to his neighbour once a week went up 10 percent, (25)_______ _______ race ,income, education , martial statue, or age.In California, particularly , state and local officials push policies that favor the development of apartments over single-family houses and town houses. But by trying to cram people into higher-density space, planners help push up prices for the existing stock of family-friendly homes. Such policies have already been practiced for decades in the United Kngdom, (26)________(make) even provincial cities unaffordable, as British social commentator James Heartfield notes. London(27)_______ is among the least affordable cities in the world. Even middle-class residents(28)_______(know) to live in garages, converted bathrooms, and garden sheds.A city that continues to be high-density and high-cost hasn’t necessarily signed its own death warrant. Manhattan, parts of Brooklyn, and much of San Francisco, Seattle, Boston, and other amenity-rich cities---(29)________Tulane University geographer Richard Campanella calls “kiddie deserts” ---continue to flourish, (30)_____________other cities, such as Detroit, Cleveland, and Buffalo, can’t attract the same interest from young hipsters and the rich and are consequently less capable of withstanding the effects of family flight to the suburbs.Keys: 21. are growing 22. if 23.that 24. stronger 25.regardless of26. making 27. itself 28. have been known 29. what 30. butII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and。

上海高考英语语法答题技巧一、理解句意，找准关键词在语法填空题中，经常会考查到一些关键词，这些关键词可以帮助我们准确地理解句子的意思，从而找到正确的答案。

例如，在句子中出现了“however”，就说明前后两个句子之间有对比或转折关系；出现了“because”，就说明前后两个句子之间有因果关系。

因此，在解题时，一定要先认真阅读句子，理解句意，找到关键词，这样才能更好地解题。

二、注意语法结构，判断句子类型在语法填空题中，有些空格所填词需要根据句子的语法结构来确定。

因此，在解题时要注意分析句子的结构，判断句子的类型。

例如，在句子中出现了“I think”，就说明这是一个主从复合句，空格中所填词需要使用一般现在时；在句子中出现了“he said”，就说明这是一个直接引语，空格中所填词需要使用过去式。

三、利用上下文，寻找线索在语法填空题中，有些空格所填词需要根据上下文来寻找线索。

因此，在解题时要注意利用上下文中的关键词和信息，寻找线索。

例如，在句子中出现了“the book”，就说明空格中所填词需要与书有关，可能是书名、作者、出版社等等。

在解题时，可以通过上下文中的线索来确定空格中所填词的具体含义。

四、注意单词用法和搭配在语法填空题中，有些空格所填词需要根据单词的用法和搭配来确定。

因此，在解题时要注意单词的用法和搭配。

例如，“in a word”表示“总之”，“in words”表示“口头上”，这两个短语的意思完全不同。

因此，在解题时要注意区分它们的用法和搭配。

五、检查答案，核实答案是否符合要求在完成语法填空题后，一定要认真检查答案，核实答案是否符合要求。

如果发现有错误或者不确定的地方，要及时进行修改和完善。

同时，也要注意检查答案的书写格式是否正确，避免因为格式错误而导致失分。

2018高考英语全国一卷语法填空考点深度解析61:答案longer考点深度解析：此题考点为形容词的比较级，形容词与副词在使用时要注意比较等级的变化。

形容词与副词在使用上首先要注意其比较等级的使用，表示两个或两方（注意表示两方时从个数上讲可能大于三个）的比较要用比较及形式；表示三个或三方以上的比较要用最高级形式。

比较等级可以用表比较的介词或连词than，也可以暗含在语境中而不用表比较的介词或连词than，介词as也可以表示比较，但as表示……一样，as表示的比较只能用原级。

62:答案：to see考点深度解析：此题考点是动词，动词为实词，在句子中要充当语法成分，动词在句子中一般做谓语居多，动词在句子中除做谓语外的其它语法成分叫非谓语或非限定动词。

本题中所给动词（see）作目的状语，因此用不定式（to see）。

此题比较简单，用不定式的一般式，对于非谓动词如果考得比较难的话，还必须考虑非谓语动词的具体语体与语态问题，比如不定式的完成式（to have seen）,被动式（to be seen）。

63:答案：dying考点深度解析：此题考点是动名词作介词宾语，非谓语动词中除了过去分词不能做宾语，不定式与ing形式（包括现在分词与动名词）都可以做宾语，有些动词只能用ing形式做宾语（finish, enjoy），有的动词只能用不定式做宾语（decide, want），还有的动词既可以用ing形式做宾语，也可以用不定式做宾语，但存在意思上的差异(try, remember)。

介词的宾语一般只能用ing形式。

64:答案：is考点深度解析：be动词的使用，英语be动词既可以作为助动词用（构成时态与语态），也可以作为连系动词用（构成系表结构），此题的be动词为系表结构，系表结构也有谓语形式与非谓语形式，谓形式有is\are\am\was\were等形式，非谓语形式有to be\ being\been。

65:答案：than考点深度解析：此题考点为介词，介词不能单独使用，必须带上宾语构成介词短语，或依附在不及物动词后面使用。

专题21 语法填空2018年高考题【2018·全国I】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ___61___(long) than non-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long___62___(see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ___63___ (die) early by running. While running regularly cann't make you live forever, the review says it ___64___ (be) more effective at lengthening life___65___ walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014___66___showed a mere five to 10 minutes A day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ___67___(cause).The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherw ise… it's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to___68___(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it'salways___69___(energy).If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give___70___a try.【答案】61. longer62. to see 63. dying64. is 65. than66. that \which67. causes 68. strength69. energetic70. it \running【解析】本文是一篇说明文。

2018高考语法填空试题及答案详解2018·全国卷I阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ___61___(long) than non-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long___62___(see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ___63___ (die) early by running. While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it ___64___ (be) more effective at lengthening life___65___ walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014___66___showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ___67___(cause).The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise… it's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to___68___(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always___69___(energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give___70___a try.【答案】61. longer 62. to see 63. dying64. is 65. than 66. that /which67. causes 68. strengthen 69. energetic 70. it /running【解析】本文是一篇说明文。

2018年6月高考真题上海卷英语试卷-学生用卷一、语法填空（本大题共10小题）1、【来源】 2018年6月高考真题上海卷第21~30题A comprehensive study of 4, 500 children conducted by the National Institutes of Health in 2018 shows that children who spent more than seven hours a day staring at screens showed evidence of premature thinning of their brain's cortex—the outer layer that processes sensory information. "We don't know if it1（cause）by the screen time. We don't know yet if it's a bad thing. It won't be until we follow them over time2we will see if there are outcomes that are associated with the differences that we're seeing in this single snapshot, " Dr. Gaya Dowling. "What we can say is that this is3the brains look like of kids who spend a lot of time on screens. And it's not just one pattern."The problem isn't just screens4, but also the way screens tempt kids （and adults）away from something far more important: physical activity. More than 23 percent of adults and 80 percent of adolescents don't get enough physical activity, and according to a 2019 report from the World Health Organization（WHO）, these patterns of activity and restarise5habits we develop early in life. "What we really need to dois6（bring）back play for children, " says Dr. Juana Willumsen, a WHO specialist in childhood obesity and physical activity, in a statement about new WHO guidelines issued in April 2019. "This is about making the shift from sedentary time to playtime,while7（protect）sleep." Of course, children aren't completely to blame for their screen addiction.Sometimes, the parents8complain about the role of screens in familylife are just as guilty of spending too much time in front of one. A 2016study9（conduct）by Common Sense Media found that parents spend up to nine hours a day in front of screens, mostly not for work-related reasons. While 78 percent of parents said they believed they were good screen time role models, the study found a disconnect between their behavior and their perception of their behavior. Parents need to limit screen time for themselves and especially for their kids—10it means playing the bad guy. Our mental and physical health depends on it.二、选词填空（本大题共10小题）2、【来源】 2018年6月高考真题上海卷第31~40题Some Very "American" Words Come from ChineseMany of the Chinese words that are now part of English were borrowed long ago. They are most often from Cantonese（粤语） or other Chinese languages rather than Mandarin. Let's start with them.kowtowThe English word kowtow is a verb that means to agree too easily to do what someone else wants you to do, or to obey someone with power in a way that seems1. It comes from the Cantonese word kau tau, which means "knock your head". It refers to the act of kneeling and lowering one's head as a sign of respect to2—such as emperors, elders and leaders. In the case of emperors, the act required the person to touch their head to the ground. Britain's Lord George Macartney refused to "kau tau" to the Qianlong Emperor. Soon after, the English word "kowtow" was born. In 1793, Britain's King George Ⅲ sent Lord George Macartney and other trade ambassadors to Chinato3 a trade agreement. The Chinese asked them to kowtow to the Qianlong Emperor. As the story goes, Lord Macartney refused for his4to do more than bend their knees. He said that was all they were required to do for their own king.It is not surprising, then, that Macartney left China without negotiating the trade agreement. After that, critics used the word kowtow when anyone was too submissive to China. Today, the usage has no connection to China, nor any specific political connection.gung-hoAnother borrowed word that came about through5between two nations is gung-ho. In English, the word gung-ho is an adjective that means extremely excited about doing something. The Chinese characters "gōng" and "hé" together mean "work together, cooperate." The original term—gōngyèhézuòshè—means Chinese Industrial Cooperatives. The organizations were established in the 1930s by Westerners in China to promote industrial and economic development. Lt. Colonel Evans Carlson of the United States Marine Corps observed these cooperatives while he was in China. He was impressed, saying "…all the soldiers6themselves to one idea and worked together to put that idea over." He then began using the term gung-ho in the Marine Corps to try to create the same spirit he had7. In 1942, he used the word as a training slogan for the 2nd Marine Raider Battalion during World War Ⅱ. The men were often called the "Gung Ho Battalion". From then, the word gung-ho spread as a slogan throughout the Marine Corps. Today, its meaning has no relation to the military.typhoonIn English, a typhoon is a very powerful and8storm that occurs around the China Sea and in the South Pacific. The word history of typhoon had a far less direct path to the English language than gung-ho. And not all historical accounts are the same. But, according to the Merriam-Webster New Book of Word Histories, the first typhoons reported in the English language were in India and were called "touffons" or "tufans". The word tufan or al-tufan is Arabic and means violent storm or flood. The English came across this word in India and borrowed it as touffon. Later, when English ships encountered violent storms in the China Sea, Englishmen learned the Cantonese word tai fung, which means "great wind". The word's9to touffon is only by chance. The modern form of the word—typhoon—was influenced by the Cantonese but10to make it appear more Greek.三、完形填空（本大题共15小题）3、【来源】 2018年6月高考真题上海卷第41~55题When 17-year-old Quattro Musser hangs out with friends, they don't drink beer or cruise around in cars with their dates.1, they stick to G-rated activities such as rock-climbing or talking about books.They are in good company, according to a new study showing that teenagers are increasingly delaying activities that had long been seen as rites of passage into2.The study, published Tuesday in the journal Child Development, found that the percentage of adolescents in the U.S. who have a driver's license, who have tried alcohol, who date, and who work for pay has plummeted since 1976, with the most precipitous（急剧的）3in the past decade. The declines appeared across race, geographic, and socioeconomic lines, and in rural, urban, and suburban areas.To be sure, more than half of teens still engage in these activities, butthe4have slimmed considerably. Teens have also reported a steady decline in sexual activity in recent decades, as the portion of high school students who have had sex fell from 54 percent in 1991 to 41 percent in 2015, according to Centers for Disease Control statistics. "People say, 'Oh, it's because teenagers are more responsible, or more lazy, or more boring, ' butthey're5the larger trend, " said Jean Twenge, lead author of the study, which drew on seven large time-lag surveys of Americans. Rather, she said, kids may beless6in activities such as dating, driving or getting jobs because in today's society, they no longer need to.According to an evolutionary psychology theory that a person's "life strategy" slows down or speeds up depending on his or her7, exposure to a "harsh and unpredictable"environment leads to faster development, while a more resource-rich and secure environment hasthe8effect, the study said. In the first9, "You'd have a lot of kids and be in survival mode, start having kids young, expect your kids will have kids young, and expect that there will be more10and fewer resources, " said Twenge, a psychology professor at San Diego State University who is the author of "iGen: Why Today's Super-Connected Kids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy—and Completely Unprepared for Adulthood."In that model, a teenage boy might be thinking more11about marriage, and driving a car and working for pay would be important for "establishing mate value based on procurement of resources, " the study said. But America is shifting more towardthe12model, and the change is apparent across the socioeconomic spectrum, Twenge said. "Even in families whose parents didn't have a college education…families are smaller, and the idea that children need to be carefully13has really sunk in."The14of "adult activities" could not be attributed to more homework or extracurricular activities, the study said, noting that teens today spend fewer hours on homework and the same amount of time on extracurriculars as they did in the 1990s （with the exception of community service, which has risen slightly）. Nor could the use of smartphones and the Internet be entirelythe15, the report said, since the decline began before they were widely available. If the delay is to make room for creative exploration and forming better social and emotional connections, it is a good thing, he said.A. ThereforeB. RatherC. MoreoverD. BesidesA. childhoodB. neighborhoodC. adolescentsD. adulthoodA. escapesB. endsC. decreasesD. changesA. minoritiesB. majoritiesC. massesD. amountsA. takingB. avoidingC. sendingD. missingA. interestedB. enviedC. relievedD. realizedA. emotionsB. surroundingsC. customsD. habitsA. wrongB. sameC. oppositeD. similarA. eventB. issueC. caseD. occasionA. troubleB. questionsC. benefitsD. diseasesA. respectivelyB. delicatelyC. seriouslyD. considerablyA. slowerB. betterC. smallerD. fasterA. emphasizedB. relatedC. organizedD. educatedA. implementB. postponementC. achievementD. paymentA. causeB. impactC. factD. result四、阅读理解（本大题共11小题）4、【来源】 2018年6月高考真题上海卷（A篇）第56~59题Bitcoin and other so-called cryptocurrencies（加密货币） have been all over the news lately. Apparently, the idea of money that's not tied to a specific bank—or a specific country—is appealing to many. But it's worth remembering that the banking system that we now all live with is just that: A modern invention. Not so long ago, money was almost always created and used locally, and bartering was common.（In fact, it still is common among many online local networks, like the Buy Nothing Project. ）In the past, money's makeup varied from place to place, depending on what was considered valuable there. So while some of the world's first coins were made from a naturally occurring hybrid of gold and silver called electrum（银金矿）, objects other than coins have served as currency, including beads, ivory, livestock, and cowrie shells. In West Africa, bracelets of bronze or copper were used as cash, especially if the transaction was associated with the slave trade there. Throughout the colonial period, tobacco was used to replace coins or paper bills in Virginia, Maryland and North Carolina, even though it was used elsewhere in the colonies and extensively throughout Europe and the U. K.Today, on an island in the Pacific, a specific type of shell still serves as currency—and some people there are even hoarding（贮存） it, just like Bitcoin moguls, convinced that one day, it will make them wealthy beyond imagination. On Malaita, the most populated island that's part of the Solomon Islands, shells are accepted at most places in exchange for goods."How much tuna（金枪鱼） you can get for your shells depends on their color and shape, " Mary Bruno, a shop owner from the small town of Auki, on Malaita, told Vice. "One strip of darker shells might get you about two cans of smaller tuna, but the red ones are worth more. For the red ones, one strip might get enough tuna to feed a big family for a long time."Just like a mint that creates coins, there's only one place on the island where the shells, which are polished and strung together to form 3-foot-long ropes, are made. The strips of red, white, and black shells all come from Langa Langa Lagoon, where artificial islands were long-ago built by locals to escape from the island-dwelling cannibals. Once marooned（困住） out on their islands, locals needed a currency to use among themselves, and so the shell currency was born.Using shells for money was common throughout the Pacific islands as late as the early 1900s, but Malaita is unique in that they are still used today. And just like cryptocurrencies, there are those who think the islanders are smart to invest in this type of money, which is reported to have risen in value over the last three decades. It might seem strange to hoard a bunch of processed, strung-together shells, but what is a pile of dollars? Just a specially printed piece of paper and hemp that we've assigned value to—and probably less durable over time than those shells.(1) According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A. Money was created and was widely used in the world.B. Tobacco was used as coins or paper bills in American in the past.C. The ingredients of the world's first coins may be the combination of gold and silver.D. Using shells for money has been out of date in the world.(2) The word "mint" in paragraph 5 is closest in the meaning to "".A. a kind of money that can exchangeB. the leaves of a mint plant used fresh or candiedC. a place to produce and polish shellsD. a factory that produces currency(3) What's opinion of the author towards shells for money?A. Reasonable.B. Imaginary.C. Convenient.D. Inventive.(4) Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The History of BitcoinB. Shells Still MoneyC. The Currency Is of Great UseD. Some Shells5、【来源】 2018年6月高考真题上海卷（B篇）第60~62题Moving a GiantThe logistics of excavating（挖掘） and relocating a town's century-old, living sequoia（红杉）tree. Inhabitants of Boise, Idaho, watched with trepidation earlier this year as the city's oldest, tallest resident moved two blocks. The 105-year-old sequoia tree serves as a local landmark, not only for its longevity but also because renowned naturalist and Sierra Club co-founder John Muir provided the original seedling. So, when Saint Luke's Health System found that the 10-story-tall conifer（针叶树）TAL#NBSP stood in the way of its planned hospital expansion, officials called tree-moving firm Environmental Design.The Texas-based company has developed and patented scooping and lifting technology to move massive trees. Weighing in at more than 800, 000 pounds, the Boise sequoia is its largest undertaking yet. "I（had）lost enough sleep over this, " says David Cox, the company's Western region vice president—and that was before the hospital mentioned the tree's distinguished origin. Before the heavy lifting began, the team assessed the root system and dug a five-foot-deep cylinder, measuring 40 feet in diameter, around the trunk to protect all essential roots. After encapsulating the root ball in wire mesh, the movers allowed the tree to adapt to its new situation for seven months before relocating it. The illustration details what followed. —Leslie Nemo1. Mark A. Merit and his team at Environmental Design installed underneath the root ball a platform of seven-inch-diameter, 44-foot-long steel bars and, just below the rods, a first set of uninflated airbags （shown in gray）. The team also dug a shallow ramp.2. In roughly 15 minutes, the movers inflated the airbags to about three feet in diameter to raise the root ball to the surface of the hole.3. By underinflating the front bags, the team allowed the platform carrying the tree to roll up the ramp and out of the hole while staying level. A trailer hauled the tree along as team members removed the airbags from the back of the platform and replaced them in the front. They repeated the process until the tree arrived at the edge of its new home.4. There a second set of partially inflated bags（shown in white）waited inside the hole. Soil surrounding the sequoia in its original location was relocated as well, because trees are more likely to survive a transplant when they move with their original soil.5. Using the first set of airbags, the movers rolled the platform into the new hole.6. The bags waiting there were then inflated further to take the weight of the sequoia while the transportation bags were deflated and removed from under the tree.7. The white bags were then deflated in about half an hour to lower the sequoia's root ball to the bottom of its hole. The bags were removed, but the metal bars were left with the tree because they rust and degrade over a number of years.8. For the next five years the local park service will monitor and maintain the tree in its new home. (1) Which of the following words can be used to replace the words underlined "TAL#NBSP stood in the way of"?A. Resisted.B. Balanced.C. Blocked.D. Promoted.(2) What is the reason for the relocation of Sequoia trees?A. Because the Scooping and lifting technology should be put into use.B. Because it blocks local hospital expansion plans.C. Because it corresponds to government's plan of Environmental Design.D. Because sequoia trees are over a hundred years old.(3) How will the migrated sequoia trees be dealt with?A. They will be given new soil in the new living environment.B. Metal rods used to move sequoia trees will not be left on the trees.C. They will be kept in transport bags all the time.D. They will be managed by specialists in the next five years.6、【来源】 2018年6月高考真题上海卷（C篇）第63~66题Understand the Economic Concept of a Budget LineThe term "budget line" has several related meanings, including a couple that are self-evident and a third that is not.The Budget Line as an Informal Consumer UnderstandingThe budget line is an elementary concept that most consumers understand intuitively without a need for graphs and equations—it's the household budget, for example.Taken informally, the budget line describes the boundary of affordability for a given budget and specific goods.Given a limited amount of money, a consumer can only spend that same amount buying goods. If the consumer has X amount of money and wants to buy two goods A and B, she can only purchase goods totaling X. If the consumer needs an amount of A costing 0.75 X, she can then spend only 0.25 X, the amount remaining, on her purchase of B.This seems almost too obvious to bother writing or reading about. As it turns out, however, this same concept—one that most consumers make many times each day with reflecting on it—is the basis of the more formal budget line concept in economics, which is explained below.Lines in a BudgetBefore turning to the economics definition of "budget line", consider another concept: the line-item budget. This is effectively a map of future expenditures, with all the constituent expenditures individually noted and quantified. There's nothing very complicated about this; in this usage, a budget line is one of the lines in the budget, with the service or good to be purchased named and the cost quantified.The Budget Line as an Economics ConceptOne of the interesting ways the study of economics relates to human behavior generally is that a lot of economic theory is the formalization of the kind of simple concept outlined above—a consumer's informal understanding of the amount she has to spend and what that amount will buy.In the process of formalization, the concept can be expressed as a mathematical equation that can be applied generally.A Simple Budget Line GraphTo understand this, think of a graph where the vertical lines quantify how many movie tickets you can buy and where the horizontal lines do the same for crime novels. You like going to the movies and reading crime novels and you have ＄150 to spend. In the example below, assume that each movie costs ＄10 and each crime novel costs ＄15. The more formal economics term for these two items is budget set.If movies cost ＄10 each, then the maximum number of movies you can see with the money available is 15. To note this you make a dot at the number 15（for total movie tickets）at the extreme left-hand side of the chart. This same dot appears at the extreme left above "0" on the horizontal axis because you have no money left for books—the number of books available in this example is 0.You can also graph the other extreme—all crime novels and no movies. Since crime novels in the example cost ＄15 and you have ＄150 available, if you spend all the available money crime novels, you can buy 10. So you put a dot on the horizontal axis at the number 10.You'll place the dot at the bottom of the vertical axis because in this instance you have ＄0 available for movie tickets.If you now draw a line from the highest, leftmost dot to the lowest, rightmost dot you'll have created a budget line. Any combination of movies and crime novels that falls below the budget line is affordable. Any combination above it is not.(1) Which sentence about the budget line is NOT TRUE?A. It is a limitation of affordability for a given budget and specific goods.B. Most costumers will be confused with this concept because of its complex.C. It is the effectively a map of future expenditures.D. It can be expressed as a mathematical equation.(2) What is the purpose of the passage?A. To tell us any concept can be expressed as a mathematical equation.B. To help us figure out the meaning Budget Line.C. To tell us we should budget before we buy goods.D. To give an instruction of drawing a budget Line.(3) Assume that each movie costs ＄10 and each crime novel costs ＄15, you have ＄150. Which is RIGHT according to this passage?A. The maximum number of movies you can see is 10.B. The maximum number of crime novels you can buy is 15.C. You can buy 7 crime novels and see 5 movies.D. You can buy 7 crime novels and see 4 movies.(4) What is the best title of this passage?A. Are we really know the economic concept of a budget line?B. The Budget Line as an Economics ConceptC. The Budget Line as an Informal Consumer UnderstandingD. The Complex Concept—Budget Line五、信息匹配（本大题共4小题）7、【来源】 2018年6月高考真题上海卷第67~70题Magazine Articles: More Valuable Than You May ThinkParents are often surprised when teachers suggest their children read magazines. Read on to learn about the benefits that reading magazines offers to young readers and how to introduce your children to the medium.Magazine BenefitsMagazine articles can provide reluctant readers with a lively, breezy writing style that can inspire them to read more.The articles in magazines are generally short, which allows a child to finish reading a feature article without losing interest due to a short attention span. The writing in magazines also tends to be easy to read, especially if it is a children's publication.By allowing your child to read magazines at an early age, you are encouraging development of a useful skill.1Getting into the habit of reading periodicals as a child will foster the habit of reading news articles that may continue into adulthood.2Magazine articles challenge students to think about issues they may have never considered or cause them to rethink their world view. Information is available in a wide variety of reading levels because magazines are written for every audience imaginable. Many publications cover the same material in different writing styles that might make it easier for your child to comprehend. Magazine ActivitiesReading magazines as a family can be used to introduce each other to the various interests that each family member possesses. When your children are finished with their magazines, encourage them to pass their issue on to a sibling or other family member.Once each family member has finished reading each magazine, you can use them for art and writing projects. These projects are for family members of all ages:1. Cut out pictures to help your preschool and kindergarten children learn their alphabet, numbers, and colors.2.3Paste the picture at the top of a page and have them write a story about what is happening or what the picture represents.3. Clip pictures to create a collage. Many teenagers love using their artistic talents to collage.4The skills that students utilize and strengthen when reading magazines can be applied to higher level reading and other academic subjects. Encouraging your child to read by giving them a magazine subscription could cause them to take the leap from being a reluctant reader to a voracious page-turner.A. The format of magazines enables children to be exposed to a wide variety of subjects.B. Magazines and newspapers provide adults with critical news.C. Being exposed to magazines and newspapers benefits you a lot.D. Keep interesting magazine pictures to give children story ideas.E. Magazines are valuable assets for many people, but in particular to children.F. Magazines and newspapers are expensive now but out of style.六、概要写作（本大题共1小题）8、【来源】 2018年6月高考真题上海卷第71题Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point（s）of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Becoming an Attractive EmployeeThe 2008 financial crisis created an unstable job market. Fast-forward to the present, and the economy has not fully recovered. Thus, it's of vital importance for job seekers to carefully strategize their approach to job application. And it's especially important for those new to the work force. They should look at making themselves as attractive as possible to employers.For young people, information technology skills will play an increasing role in the future. As the generation to have grown up in the Information Age, they are quite confident when it comes to showing off their interests and skills in this field. This makes them a natural fit for companies seeking expertise（专业技能） in technology, marketing and networking. They should emphasize these skills when applying for jobs that require the ability to multitask.Another attractive quality is experience. It's important that an applicant's resume list any activities that involved teamwork and goal-driven responsibilities. Membership in a sports or social club and participation as a volunteer are good examples of this. These activities involve goal management and planning along with the ability to focus while competing on a team. When hiring committees see this, they see a candidate who is capable of working in a variety of environments.Finally, an attractive quality when job-hunting is a great attitude toward a potential job. Young job seekers are known to be overconfident because they have been praised for everything they have done. But they must realize that the employment market is about how an employee will be a good fit for a company, not the other way around.In fact, in an interview, an important question to ask is: "What would be expected of me as an employee? " In today's tough job market, young job seekers need to provide a potential employer with good reasons to hire them.七、翻译（本大题共4小题）9、【来源】 2018年6月高考真题上海卷第72题翻译我看到他换上徒步鞋，走向草坪。

2017上海高考英语语法填空解题点拨2017上海高考英语学科改革，推出语法填空新题型．这种题型能全面检测学生在英语词汇、语法，甚至是句法上的运用能力，能更科学地反映学生的英语综合水平。

本题型分两种情况：一种为已给单词提示，一种为不给单词提示。

试题结构由原来的A，B2篇16分改变成一篇10分。

继续体现了“重词汇，轻语法”的思想，但语法还是在整个高中英语教学和测试中起着重要作用。

一、已给单词提示题型的技巧：此类题可以考查学生对动词、形容词副词等形式变化的掌握程度。

技巧一：动词形式变化。

动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气、情态动词)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。

学生复习时需要花一定的功夫对动词部分的语法知识进行一次全面复习。

例1：A talk (give)tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang．句中的is是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。

从tomorrow可以看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式；且报告是give 动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——to be given。

知识体系：时态：考纲要求的11种时态谓语动词语态：主动语态和被动语态 be+过去分词动词情态动词动词不定式一般式、进行式、完成式主动与被动非谓语动词动名词一般式、完成式主动与被动现在分词一般式、完成式主动与被动分词过去分词技巧二：形容词、副词比较级变化。

英语中大部分形容词和副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。

形容词、分词在上海试卷中只改变比较级最高级。

构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀一er和．est，或在词加more／less和most／least，且形容词的绝对最高级还要冠以the。

例3：I am (tall)than Liu Wen．He is the tallest students in my class．此题后句交代了Liu Wen是班上最高的学生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”。

专题33 2018高考语法填空真题(思维导图+高考真题+变式训练) 原卷版【语法填空题思维导图】【语法填空题真题再现一】第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

2018年全国卷IAccording to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61 (long) than non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the r eview says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise … it’s probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 69 (energy). If you are time poor, you need to run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.【变式训练】一、词类转换1.evident adj→n2. effect n→adj3. length n→vt4. die v→n5. die v→-ing6. die v→adj7. energy n→adj8. strength n→vt9. mere adj→adv10.benefit n→adj二、形容词副词比较级+than+…1. (2020全国I)The far side of the moon is of particular interesting to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so________ the familiar near side.2. (2020全国) Oranges: Orange trees are more ________decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.3. (2020北京) They were much stronger than modern humans, but it's long been assumed that human ancestors were ____________ (smart) than the Neanderthals.4. (2020浙江) The first is declining birth rates, which means old generations are large compared to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes ________ (old) than before.5. (2019全国I)Hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ________ (high) than they actually are.6. (2018全国I)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ____________(long) than non-runners.7. (2018全国I)While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengthening life _______ walking, cycling or swimming.8. (2016全国I) If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of _________ (great) and less importance.9. (高三模拟) The fibers are ____________(strong) and more flexible than ordinary materials.10. (高三模拟) In addition to clothing, the company is entering more new markets ___________ before.【语法填空题真题再现二】第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

高考英语语法填空解题思路1无提示词的解题技巧技巧1名词/代词/动名词前设空，首先考虑限定词。

a, an, the, my, your, his, which, whose, one’s, some, any, one, each, either, neither, another, other等例1. I wonder __which_____ team would win, Black or Red?技巧2 及物动词后设空，此处缺宾语或宾语从句。

应考虑名词，代词或宾语从句连接词。

例1. I found ____it____ difficult to explain to him what had happened.技巧3 分析句子关系，正确使用____连接词____例1. Put the book back ____where_____ it was.高考英语语法填空解题思路2有提示词的解题技巧技巧1：首先要分析该空的句子成分, 再确定__词性和词形_。

I am eager to share my _happiness____ ( happy) with you.技巧2：句中缺失谓语，要考虑___时态和语态________ 。

例1.The first card ___was designed________ (design) by the boy last week.技巧3 ：若提示词是动词，在句中不做谓语，需优先考虑____非谓语动词to do, doing, done___________________。

例1. ____To catch____ (catch) the train, the boy is runninglike a wild horse.技巧4：adj. 或adv.最常考, ___词形变换和级别____最重要。

例1.You have made much ____greater____ (great) progress in English.高考英语语法填空解题思路3语篇型一、给出动词基本形态，填写词性词形转化(转为名词、形容词)，或填写谓语部分，可能需要填写两个或三个词，或是填写非谓语动词;二、给出形容词，需要填写比较级、最高级，或词性词形转化，转化为副词，或是填写反义词(前缀);三、给出副词，填写比较级、最高级，或是填写反义词;四、不给提示词，主要填写介词、连词、冠词和代词。