英语考研

英语专业学硕考研科目
英语专业学硕考研一般包括以下科目：
1. 英语阅读理解：要求考生通过阅读理解文章，理解文章内容并回答相关问题。

2. 英语写作：要求考生根据题目要求，完成一篇短文写作。

3. 英语翻译：要求考生将一段英文文本翻译成中文。

4. 英语语法与词汇：要求考生掌握英语语法规则和常用词汇。

5. 英美文学与语言学：要求考生了解英美文学和语言学的基本概念和主要理论。

6. 英语听力：要求考生听取英语录音并回答相关问题。

此外，考研还有政治、数学、外国语等科目，具体科目要根据所报考学校和专业而定。

考研英语怎么学考研英语是考研过程中最基础也是最重要的一门科目，对于考研学子来说，良好的英语水平将给他们带来很多机会和优势。

然而，由于英语的词汇量庞大、语法和阅读的复杂性，许多考研学子发现学习英语并没有想象中那么简单。

本文将介绍一些有效的英语学习方法，帮助考生高效学习考研英语。

一、听力篇听力是考研英语中最具挑战性的部分之一。

要想提高听力水平，可以从以下几个方面入手：1. 多听英语材料：通过多听英语新闻、纪录片、英语电影和美剧等来提高自己的听力能力。

可以选择一些语速较慢、发音较清晰的材料作为起点，逐渐过渡到语速较快、口音比较重的材料。

2. 练习听力笔记：在听英语材料的同时，可以尝试做听力笔记。

将听到的内容记录下来，包括关键词、重点句子等，帮助记忆和理解。

3. 刻意练习听力：找一些专门针对听力能力的练习材料，解答听力题目，提升自己针对性听力的理解和答题能力。

二、阅读篇阅读理解是考研英语的重点和难点之一，而提高阅读理解的能力需要长期的积累和训练。

以下是一些提高阅读理解能力的方法：1. 练习阅读速度：通过大量阅读英文文章、报刊、外文小说等来提高阅读速度，培养自己快速获取信息的能力。

2. 扩大词汇量：积累词汇是阅读理解的基础，可以通过背单词、记忆短语和惯用语等方式来扩大自己的词汇量。

3. 理解文章结构：了解文章的逻辑结构和段落结构，把握文章的中心思想和段落主题，有助于提高阅读理解的能力。

三、写作篇写作是考研英语的一项重要内容，要想写好英语作文，需要做到以下几点：1. 多读英文文章：通过阅读英文文章，可以学习到各种写作技巧和表达方式，同时也可以提高自己的词汇量和语法水平。

2. 练习写作：定期进行写作训练，选择一些具体的话题进行写作，积累写作经验，熟悉各种写作形式和格式。

3. 多找范文参考：参考一些优秀的范文，学习别人的写作思路和表达方式，提高自己的写作水平。

四、口语篇口语是考研英语中最实用的部分之一，也是很多考研学子比较薄弱的环节。

考研英语学科试题及答案一、选择题（共20分，每题2分）1. The reason why he didn't attend the meeting was ______.A. because he was illB. that he was illC. he was illD. being ill答案：B2. ______ the book is well worth reading.A. ThatB. WhatC. ItD. As答案：C3. The teacher told us _______.A. the earth moves around the sunB. how the earth moves around the sunC. the earth moves how around the sunD. the earth how moves around the sun答案：A4. She is ______ a good teacher as she is a kind mother.A. soB. asC. suchD. not only答案：B5. ______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A. ItB. ThisC. ThatD. There答案：A二、阅读理解（共40分，每篇10分）Passage 1The passage discusses the importance of environmental protection. It mentions that pollution has become a global issue, and everyone should take action to protect the environment.6. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Pollution is a local issue.B. Environmental protection is everyone's responsibility.C. Pollution is a natural phenomenon.D. Environmental protection is unnecessary.答案：B7. According to the passage, what should we do to protect theenvironment?A. Do nothing.B. Take action.C. Ignore the issue.D. Leave it to the government.答案：BPassage 2The passage describes the process of scientific research and emphasizes the importance of collaboration and communication among researchers.8. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. The process of scientific research.B. The importance of collaboration.C. The role of communication.D. Both B and C.答案：D9. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a key element in scientific research?A. Experimentation.B. Collaboration.C. Communication.D. Isolation.答案：D三、完形填空（共20分，每题2分）In the following passage, there are 10 blanks. For each blank, choose the best word from the four options provided.10. The ______ of the project was delayed due to bad weather.A. implementationB. executionC. operationD. performance答案：A11. The ______ of the company has been growing steadily.A. revenueB. incomeC. profitD. salary答案：A12. She is very ______ in her approach to work.A. meticulousB. casualC. carelessD. lazy答案：A13. The ______ of the new product was a great success.A. launchB. releaseC. introductionD. debut答案：C14. The ______ of the old building was approved by the city council.A. renovationB. constructionC. destructionD. restoration答案：A15. The ______ of the company is expected to increase by 10% this year.A. outputB. productionC. yieldD. outcome答案：A16. The ______ of the experiment was surprising to everyone.A. resultB. consequenceC. effectD. impact答案：A17. The ______ of the meeting was to discuss the budget.A. purposeB. goalC. objectiveD. target答案：A18. The ______ of the book was very engaging.A. contentB. contextC. plotD. storyline答案：C19. The ______ of the company is to provide high-quality products.A. missionB. visionC. aimD. goal答案：A20. The ______ of the project exceeded the initial estimates.A. costB. expenseC. priceD. fee答案：A四、翻译题（共20分，每题10分）21. 请将以下句子翻译成英文。

英语专业考研科目有哪些想要了解英语专业考研需要考什么科目的小伙伴，赶紧来看看吧！下面是小编为你精心准备了＂英语专业考研科目有哪些”，本文仅供参考，持续关注本站将获取更多的资讯！英语专业考研科目有哪些英语专业考研和考研英语是不同的，主要是考试的内容和针对的考生。

英语专业考研是针对报考英语专业研究生的考生而进行的，考核科目为：政治（分值100）、基础英语（分值150分）、综合英语或专业课（分值150分）以及第二外语（分值100）共四门。

考研英语是针对那些报考非英语专业的考生所进行的英语水平测试，是教育部统一出题，主要考查大学英语的基本知识，包括完型、阅读、新题型、翻译、写作等五部分，卷面分值为100，与政治（分值为100）和其他两门专业课（分值分别为150分）共同构成了研究生入学考试的四大科目。

英语专业初试的4门课程中，只有政治一门是国家统一命题，其他3门都是个招生单位自己出题（个别语种属于国家统考，但是这类学校一般很少并且会提前在招生说明中说明）。

二是报考学校出题，法语或者日语或者德语或者俄语任选一门。

法语教材一般就是《法语》北外版，《简明法语教程》孙辉的，《大学法语简明教程》薛建成的，还有李志清的《公共法语》或者《新大学法语》等等。

专业课两门中，一门一般为基础英语或者综合英语（名称不同而已，考核范围和题型大体类似，什么选择，完形，翻译，写作等等，属于水平测试）但是里面一般总会有《高级英语》（张汉熙主编，外研社出版的上下2册）里面的修辞手法和写作方法的题目，还很难，其他题型的水平相当于GRE或者专业TEM4或者 8级的样子，有的学校写作要求500词以上。

而另一门专业课视报考学校和专业方向不同考的科目也不同，国家没有统一出题，都是各个招生单位自己出题。

一般说，大的综合类名校，分方向考试，小的一些学校在初试中不分方向，考上硕士后才分方向。

英语专业就业方向主要有：1、教育方向：毕业生适合在中小学、幼儿园以及其他类型、层次的英语培训机构从事英语教学工作和教育管理工作；其次在各类各级公司、企业从事-般性翻译或外贸工作。

英语专业有哪些考研方向方向一：语言学语言学规律并没有想象中深奥，这里所说的语言学一般指英语语言学，当然英语专业学生考汉语语言学、日语语言学、德语语言学等也是可行的，这就得看考生的第二外语水平。

绝大部分招收英语专业研究生的院校都开设有英语语言学方向，从其分支来看，包括语用学研究、英语语法研究、句法学、语义学、语音学、音系学、形态学、修辞学等;语言学的研究同社会学、心理学等人文学科的结合并形成了社会语言学、心理语言学、人类学语言学、数理语言学;把语言学的理论引进到语言教学中又形成了对比语言学、认知语言学、语料库语言学、应用语言学等。

此外还包括对语言和文化两者相互关系的研究。

虽然语言学属于基本理论的研究，读书、做研究、写论文是最正统的出路，但是这并不适合每一个人，适当地调适、转向才能更好地发展自己。

比如英语语法研究可以向比较高层次的笔译转向，修辞学研究可以向文学研究甚至文学作品翻译转向，如果想向教师方向发展，考生平时应加强英语教学法知识的掌握和教学技能的训练。

方向二：文学方向三：翻译学近年来，翻译学也发生了分化，不仅有“翻译学”方向，还有细化的口译、笔译、文学翻译、同声传译等很多方向。

中国八大外语院校(北京外国语大学、上海外国语大学、西安外国语学院、广东外语外贸大学、大连外国语学院、天津外国语学院、四川外语学院(重庆)、北京第二外国语学院)开设有专门的翻译方向，其他的院校翻译属于小类别，包含在语言文学里面，一般选择对应的导师才会进入翻译方向。

翻译方向是报考人数比较多的方向之一，从北京环球时代学校学员统计来看，30%的人准备报考翻译专业。

翻译学对英语专业学生的功底要求比较高，在研究生学习过程会有高强度的听说读写译等基本技能训练。

不同的学校差别很大，一些办学实力偏弱的学校主要强调翻译史与翻译理论，但是一些重点学校特别是外语院校比较强调应用人才的培养，特别强调实践能力。

笔译、口译和同声传译的学习难度也各不相同，难度依次为：笔译，口译，同声传译。

考研英语复试考什么考研英语复试内容
考研英语复试是考取硕士研究生的关键一步，其内容覆盖听力、阅读、写作和口语等多个方面。

以下是考研英语复试可能涉及到的具体
内容及要求：
1. 听力测试：
在考研英语复试中，听力测试是必不可少的一项。

通常会播放一段
英语短文或对话，考生需要听准确内容并回答相应问题。

在这一环节中，考官主要考察考生的听力理解能力和快速反应能力。

2. 阅读理解：
阅读理解是考研英语复试的重点，可能出现的阅读材料包括科技文章、社科人文、自然科学等不同领域，考生需要通过阅读并回答相关
问题。

考官主要考察考生的阅读理解能力、词汇积累和分析思考能力。

3. 写作能力：
写作是考研英语复试中的重要环节，考生通常需要根据给定的话题
或资料进行写作。

写作内容通常包含议论文、说明文或观点论述等，
考生需要准确表达观点并展开逻辑论证。

考官主要考察考生的语法运用、词汇积累、语言表达能力和逻辑思维能力。

4. 口语表达：
口语表达是考研英语复试中对考生英语口语能力和交流能力的考察。

通常会进行口语自我介绍、问答、角色扮演等形式，考生需要流利、
准确地表达自己的观点。

考官主要考察考生的口语流畅度、发音准确性、语法运用和交际能力。

综上所述，考研英语复试内容涵盖听力、阅读、写作和口语等多个方面。

考生需要在平时的学习中注重培养听说读写的全面能力，并进行针对性的复习和训练。

在复试前，建议考生多进行真实模拟练习，提高应对复试的临场能力。

考研英语要求考研英语是考研复试的一项基础科目，对于大多数考生而言，特别是理、工科考生来说，英语是一道相对较难的考试门槛。

考生们需要通过高分才能进入理想的学校和专业。

那么，考研英语的要求究竟是什么呢？一、英语水平要求考研英语要求考生具备一定的英语听、说、读、写能力，特别是阅读和写作方面。

阅读理解是考研英语中的重点部分，要求考生能够快速、准确地理解和解答问题。

写作也是考研英语的一项考核内容，要求考生能够表达清晰、流畅，并且语法正确、词汇丰富。

此外，听力和口语也需要基本的掌握，考生应能听懂、理解和作出简单的口语回答。

二、题型要求考研英语一般由阅读理解、完形填空、翻译和写作组成。

阅读理解要求考生阅读一定长度的文章，并能够回答相关问题。

完形填空则要求考生根据上下文语境，选出最佳选项来填空。

翻译部分要求考生能够准确地将中文翻译成英文，或将英文翻译成中文。

写作部分是考研英语中的一大难点，要求考生能够作出连贯、准确的英文写作，包括议论文、应用文等。

三、词汇和语法要求考研英语中，词汇和语法是考察的重点。

考生需要掌握一定数量的词汇量，并能够熟练运用各种语法结构。

词汇量的积累是一个需要长期积累的过程，考生们可以通过背单词、拓展阅读等方式来提高自己的词汇量。

除此之外，考生还需要了解和掌握常见的语法规则，包括时态、语态、句型等，从而在考试中能够正确运用。

四、学科知识要求考研英语并不要求考生具备很高的学科知识，但在阅读理解和写作过程中，会涉及到一定的学科知识背景。

考生可以通过阅读相关领域的英文文献，了解一些基本概念和术语，以便更好地理解文章和表达自己的观点。

总结起来，考研英语要求考生具备一定的英语水平，包括阅读、写作、听力和口语。

考生需要在阅读理解、完形填空、翻译和写作等题型中发挥自己的能力。

此外，词汇和语法知识的掌握也是重要的一部分。

考生还需要了解一些学科知识背景，以便更好地完成阅读和写作任务。

通过不断的学习和练习，考生们一定能够达到考研英语的要求，取得好成绩。

考研英语真题完整版(含答案)考研英语真题完整版(含答案)IntroductionIn recent years, the number of students taking the postgraduate entrance exam, commonly known as the "gaokao", to pursue further education has continued to rise. The English section of this exam is of particular significance as it assesses the applicants' language proficiency and comprehension skills. This article aims to provide a complete version of the past years' English exam questions, along with their corresponding answers, in order to help students better prepare for the upcoming exam.Section I: Reading Comprehension1. Passage OneQuestions:1) What is the main topic of the passage?2) What does the passage imply about music's role in early childhood development?2. Passage TwoQuestions:1) What does the passage mainly discuss?2) What does the author mean by saying "Birds defy that rule." in paragraph 3?Section II: Vocabulary and Structure1. Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence. Example:1) It is time that we ______ a solution to the problem.a) findb) will findc) foundd) have foundAnswer: a) findSection III: Cloze1. Choose the word or phrase that best fits the blank. Example:1) It was very kind ______ you to help me with my bags.a) forb) fromc) ofd) withAnswer: c) ofSection IV: TranslationTranslate the following sentences from Chinese to English.Example:1) 他们一起努力，最终实现了自己的目标。

英语专业的考研试题及答案英语专业考研试题及答案一、阅读理解部分Passage 1The passage discusses the impact of globalization on language and culture. It highlights how English has become a global lingua franca and its influence on local languages and cultures around the world. The passage also mentions the importance of preserving linguistic diversity.Questions:1. What is the main topic of the passage?2. How has English impacted local languages according to the passage?3. What is the significance of linguistic diversity mentioned in the passage?Answers:1. The main topic of the passage is the influence of globalization on language and culture.2. English has become a global lingua franca and has influenced local languages by causing some to borrow words and phrases from English, and in some cases, by threatening the survival of minority languages.3. The significance of linguistic diversity is that it enriches human culture and provides a variety of ways toexpress ideas and emotions.Passage 2The second passage explores the role of technology in education. It argues that while technology has made learning more accessible, it has also led to a decrease in face-to-face interaction and a potential loss of interpersonal skills.Questions:1. What is the main argument of the passage?2. What are the positive aspects of technology in education mentioned?3. What concerns does the passage raise about the use of technology in education?Answers:1. The main argument of the passage is that technology hasboth advantages and disadvantages in education.2. The positive aspects include increased accessibility to educational resources and the ability to learn at one's own pace.3. The concerns raised include a decrease in face-to-face interaction and the potential loss of interpersonal skillsdue to over-reliance on technology.二、完形填空部分Text:In recent years, the trend of eco-tourism has been gaining popularity. People are becoming more aware of the importanceof protecting the environment. However, it is crucial toensure that eco-tourism is sustainable and does not lead to the destruction of the very ecosystems it aims to protect.Questions:1. What is the main idea of the text?2. Why is sustainability important in eco-tourism?3. What could be the potential negative impact of eco-tourism if not managed properly?Answers:1. The main idea of the text is the growing popularity ofeco-tourism and the need for it to be sustainable.2. Sustainability is important in eco-tourism to ensure that the environment is not harmed by tourism activities and that the benefits are long-lasting.3. The potential negative impact of eco-tourism, if not managed properly, could be the destruction of ecosystems and the loss of biodiversity.三、翻译部分English to Chinese:The advancement of technology has brought about significant changes in the way we live and work.Chinese to English:随着科技的发展，我们的生活和工作方式发生了巨大变化。

考研英语一
考研英语一是全国硕士研究生招生考试中的一种英语科目，考试内容涵盖了英语语言知识、阅读理解、翻译和写作等方面。

考研英语一的目标是测试考生的英语水平是否达到进入硕士研究生阶段学习的要求。

考研英语一的难度相对较高，要求考生具备扎实的英语基础和较高的阅读、写作、翻译能力。

同时，考研英语一也有较高的信度和效度，能够客观地反映考生的英语水平。

考研英语一的考试时间通常在每年的12月末，具体时间根据当年考试安排而定。

考生需要在规定的时间内完成所有的考试题目，考试时间为3小时。

对于准备考研的考生来说，如果想要提高考研英语一的分数，需要注重提高英语语言知识、阅读理解、翻译和写作能力。

建议考生通过大量的阅读、听力练习、写作练习以及参加相关的学习班来备考考研英语一。

总之，考研英语一是全国硕士研究生招生考试中的重要科目之一，对于考生的英语水平要求较高。

考生需要通过长期的备考和实践来提高自己的英语水平，从而在考试中取得好成绩。

2024年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)There's nothing more welcoming than a door opening for you. 1 the need to be touched to open or close, automatic doors are essential in 2disabled access to buildings and helping provide general3to commercial buildings.Self-sliding doors began to emerge as a commercial product in 1960 after being invented six years4by Americans Dee Horton and Lew Hewitl. They5as a novelty feature, but as their use has grown, their 6 have extended within our technologically advanced world.Particularly7in busy locations or during times of emergency, the doors8crowdmanagement by reducing the obstacles put in people's way.9 making access both in and out of buildings easier for people, the difference in the way many of these doors open helps reduce the total area10 by them. Automatic doors often open to the side, with the panels sliding across one another. Replacing swing doors, these 11 smaller buildings to maximise the usable space inside without having to12 the way for a large, sticking-out door. There are many different types of automatic door, with each13 specific signals to tell them when to open.14 these methods differ, the main15 remain the same.Each automatic door system 16 the light, sound weight or movement in their vicinity as a signal to open. Sensor types are chosen to 17 the different environments they are needed in.18,a busy street might not19 a motion-sensored door, as it would constantly be opening for passers-by. A pressure sensitive mat would be more20 to limit the surveyed area.1.[A]Through [B]Despite [C]Besides [D]Without2.[A]revealing [B]demanding [C]improving[D]tracing3.[A]experience [B]convenience[C]guidance [D]reference4.[A]previously[B]temporarily [C]successively [D]eventually5.[A]held on [B]started out[C]settled down [D]went by6.[A]relations [B]volumes [C]benefits[D]sources7.[A]useful[B]simple [C]flexible [D]stable8.[A]call for [B]yield to [C]insist on [D]act as9.[A]As well as[B]In terms of [C]Thanks to [D]Rather than10.[A]connected[B]shared [C]represented [D]occupied11.[A]allow[B]expect [C]require [D]direct12.[A]adopt [B]lead [C]clear[D]change13.[A]adapting te [B]deriving from [C]relying on[D]pointing at14.[A]Once [B]Since [C]Unless [D]Although15.[A]records [B]positions [C]principles[D]reasons16.[A]controls [B]analyses[C]produces [D]mixes17.[A]decorate [B]compare [C]protect [D]complement18.[A]In conclusion [B]By contrast [C]For example[D]Above all19.[A]identify [B]suit[C]secure [D]include20.[A]appropriate[B]obvious [C]impressive [D]delicateSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Nearly 2000 years ago, as the Romans began to pull out of Scotland, they left behind a curious treasure:10 tons of nails, nearly a million of the things. The nail hoard was discovered in 1960 in a four-metre-deep pit covered by two metres of gravel.Why had the Romans bunied a million nails? The likely explanation is that the withdrawal was rushed, and they didn't want the local Caledonians getting their hands on 10 tons of weapon-grade iron. The Romans buried the nails so deep that they would not be discovered for almost two millennia.Later civilisations would value the skilled blacksmith's labour in a nail even more than the raw material. As Roma Agrawal explains in her new delightful book Nuts and Bolts, early 17th-century Virginians would sometimes bum down their homes if they were planning to relocate. This was an attempt to recover the valuable nails, which could be reused after sifting the ashes. The idea that one might bum down an entire house just to reclaim the nails underlines how scarce, costly and valuable the simple-seeming technology was.The price of nails fell by 90%between the late 1700s and mid-1900s,as economist Daniel Sichel points out in a research paper. According to Sichel, although the falling price of nails was driven partly by cheaper iron and cheaper energy, most of the credit goes to nail manufactures who simply found more efficient ways to turn steel into nails.Nails themselves have changed over the years, but Sichel studied them because they haven't changed much. Roman lamps and Roman chariots are very different from LED strips and sports cars,but Roman nails are still clearly nails. It would be absurd to try to track the changing price of sports cars since 1695,but to ask the same question of nails makes perfect sense.I make no apology for being obsessed by a particular feature of these objects: their price. I am an economist, after all. After writing two books about the history of inventions, one thing Ive leamt is that while it is the enchantingly sophisticated technologies that get all the hype, it's thecheap technologies that change the world.The Gutenberg printing press transformed civilisation not by changing the nature of writing but by changing its cost-and it would have achieved little without a parallel collapse in the price of surfaces to write on, thanks to an often-overlooked technology called paper. Solar panels had few niche uses until they became cheap; now they are transforming the global energy system.21.The Romans buried the nails probably for the sake of[A]saving them for future use[B]keeping them from rusting[C]letting them grow in value[D]hiding them from the locals22.The example of early 17th-century Virginians is used to[A]highlight the thriftiness of early American colonists[B]illustrate the high status of blacksmiths in that period[C]contrast the attitudes of different civilisations toward nails[D]show the preciousness of nail-making technology at that time23.What played the major role in lowering the price of nails after the late 1700s?[A]Increased productivity.[B]Wider use of new energies.[C]Fiercer market competition.[D]Reduced cost of raw materials.24.It can be leamed from Paragraph 5 that nails[A]have undergone many technological improvements[B]have remained basically the same since Roman times[C]are less studied than other everyday products[D]are one of the world's most significant inventions25.Which of the following best summarises the last two paragraphs?[A]Cheap technologies bring about revolutionary change.[B]Technological innovation is integral to economic success.[C]Technology defines people's understanding of the world.[D]Sophisticated technologies develop from small inventions.Text 2Parenting tips obtained from hunter-gatherers in Africa may be the key to bringing up more contented children, researchers have suggested. The idea is based on studies of communities such as the Kung of Botswana, where each child is cared for by many adults. Kung children as young as four will help to look after younger ones and baby-wearing", in which infants are carried in slings, is considered the norm.According to Dr Nikhil Chaudhary, an evolutionary anthropologist at Cambridge University, these practices, Known as all oparenting, could lead to less anxiety for children and parents.Dr Annie Swanepoel, a child psychiatrist, believes that there are ways to incorporate them into western life. In Germany, one scheme has paired an old people's home with a nursery. The residents help to look after the children, an arrangement akin to alloparenting. Another measure could be encouraging friendships between children indifferent school years to miror the unsupervised mixed-age playgroups in hunter-gatherer communities.In a paper published in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, researchers said that the western nuclear family was a recent invention which family broke with evolutionary history. This abrupt shift to an "intensive mothering narrative", which suggests that mothers should manage childcare alone, was likely to have been harmful. "Such narratives can lead to maternal exhaustion and have dangerous consequences, "they wrote.By contrast, in hunter-gatherer societies adults other than the parents can provide almost half of a child's care. One previous study looked at the Efe people of the Democratic Republic of Congo. It found that infants had an average of 14 alloparents a day by the time they were 18 weeks old and were passed between caregivers eight times an hour.Chaudhary said that parents now had less childcare support from family and social networks than during most of humans'evolutionary history,but introducing additional caregivers could reduce stress and maternal depression,which could have a“knock-on"benefit to a child's wellbeing.An infant bom to a hunter-gatherer society could have more than ten caregivers-this contrasts starkly to nursery settings in the UK where regulations call for a ratio of one carer to four children aged two to three.While hunter-gatherer children leamt from observation and imitation in mixed-age playgroups,researchers said that western"instructive teaching",where pupils are asked to sit still,may contribute to conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Chaudhary said that Britain should explore the possibility that older siblings helping their parents“might also enhance their own social development”26.According to the first two paragraph,alloparenting refers to the practice of[A]sharing child care among community members[B]assigning babies to specific adult caregivers[C]teaching parenting details to older children[D]carrying infants around by their parent27.The scheme in Germany is mentioned to illustrate[A]an attempt to facilitate intergenerational communication[B]an approach to integrating alloparenting into western culture[C]the conventional parenting style in western culture[D]the differences between western African ways ofliving28.According to Paragraph 4,the"intensive mothering narrative"_[A]alleviate parenting pressure[B]considerate family relationships[C]results in the child-centered family[D]departs from the course of evolution29.According to paragraph 6,what can we lean about nursery in the UK?[A]They tend to fall short of official requirements.[B]They have difficulty finding enough caregivers.[C]They ought to improve their carer-to-child ratio.[D]They should try to prevent parental depression.30.Which of the following would be the best title?[A]Instructive teaching:a dilemma for anxious parents[B]For a happier family,learn from the hunter-gatherers[C]Mix-aged playgroup,a better choice for lonely children[D]Tracing the history of parenting:from Africa to EuropeText 3Rutkowski is a Polish digital artist who uses classical painting styles to create dreamy fantasy landscapes.He has made illustrations for games such as Sony's Horizon Forbidden West,Ubisoft's Anno,Dungeons&Dragons,and Magic:The Gathering.And he's become a sudden hit in the new world of text-to-image AI generation.His distinctive style is now one of the most commonly used prompts in the new open-source AI art generator Stable Diffusion,which was launched late last month.The tool,along with other popular image-generation AI models,allows anyone to create impressive images based on text prompts.For example,type in"Wizard with sword and a glowing orb of magic fire fights a fierce dragon GregRutkowski,"and the system will produce something that looks not a milion miles away from works in Rutkowski's style.But these open-source programs are built by scraping images from the Internet,often without permission and proper attribution to artists.As a result,they are raising tricky questions about ethics and copyright.And artists like Rutkowski have had enough.According to the website Lexica,which tracks over 10 million images and prompts generated by Stable Diffusion,Rutkowski's name has been used as a prompt around 93,000 times.Some of the world's most famous artists,such as Michelangelo,Pablo Picasso,and Leonardo da Vinci,brought up around 2,000 prompts each or less.Rutkowski's name also features as a prompt thousands of times in the Discord of another text-to-image generator,Midjourney.Rutkowski was initially surprised but thought it might be a good way to reach new audiences.Then he tried searching for his name to see if a piece he had worked on had been published.The online search brought back work that had his name attached to it but wasn't his.“It's been just a month.What about in a year?I probably won't be able to find my work out there because[the internet]will be flooded with AI art,"Rutkowski says."That's concerning."“There is a coalition growing within artist industries to figure out how to tackle or mitigate this,"says Ortiz.The group is in its early days of mobilization,which could involve pushing for new policies or regulation.One suggestion is that AI models could be trained on images in the public domain,and AI companies could forge partnerships with museums and artists,Ortiz says.31.What can be leamed about Rutkowski from the first two paragraphs?[A]He is enthusiastic about AI generation painting.[B]He is popular with the users of an Al art generator.[C]He attracts admiration from other illustrators.[D]He specializes in classical painting digitalization.32.The problem with open-source AI art generators is that they[A]lack flexibility in responding to prompts[B]produce artworks in unpredictable styles[C]make unauthorized use of online images[D]collect user information without consent33.After searching online,Rutkowski found[A]a unique way to reach audiences[B]a new method to identify Al images[C]AI-generated work bearing his name[D]heated disputes regarding his copyright34.According to Ortiz,AI companies are advised to[A]campaign for new policies or regulations[B]offer their services to public institutions[C]strengthen their relationships with AI users[D]adopt a different strategy for Al model training35.What is the text mainly about?[A]Artists'responses to Al art generation.[B]AI's expanded role in artistic creation.[C]Privacy issues in the application of Al.[D]Opposing views on AI development.Text 4The miracle of the Chesapeake Bay lies not in its depths,but in the complexity of its natural construction,the interaction of fresh and saline water and the mix of land and water.The shallows provide homes for hundreds of species while storing floodwaters,filtering pollutants from water,and protecting nearby communities from potentially destructive storm surges.All this was put at great risk late last month,when the US Supreme Court issued a ruling in an Idaho case that provides the EPA far less authority to regulate wetlands and waterways.Specifically,a 5-4 majority decided that wetlands protected by the EPA under it Clean Water Act authority must have a“continuous surface connection”to bodies of water.This narrowing of the regulatory scope was a victory for builders,mining operators and other commercial interests often at odds with environmental rules.And it carries"significant repercussions for water quality and flood control throughout the US,"as Justice Brett Kavanaugh observed.In Maryland,the good news is that there are many state laws in place that provide wetlands protections.But that's a very shortsighted view,particularly when it comes to the Chesapeake Bay.The reality is that water and the pollutants that so often come with it,don't respect state boundaries.The Chesapeake draws from a 64000-square-mile watershed that extends to Virginia,Pennsylvania,New York,West Virginia,the District of Columbia and Delaware.Will thosejurisdictions extend the same protections now denied under Sackett V.EPA?Perhaps some,but all?That seems unlikely.It is too easy,and misleading,to see such court rulings as merely standing up for the rights of land owners when the consequences can be so dire for their neighbors.And it's reminder that they EPA's involvement in the Chesapeake Bay program has long been crucial as the means to transcend the influence of deep-pocketed special interests in neighboring states.Pennsylvania farmers,to use one telling example,aren't thinking about next year's blue crab harvest in Maryland when they decide whether to spread animal waste on their fields,yet the runoff into nearby creeks can have enormous impacts downstream.And so we would also call on state lawmakers from Richmond to Albany to consider reviewing their own wetlands protections and see for themselves the enormous stakes involved.We can't offer them a trip to the Chesapeake Bay model.It's been gone since the 1980s but perhaps a visit to Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge in Dorchester County where American bald eagles fly over tidal marshes so shallow you could not paddle a boat across them but teaming with aquatic life.It's worth the scenic drive.36.The Chesapeake Bay is described in Paragraph 1 as[A]a value natural environment[B]a controversial conservation area[C]a place with commercial potential[D]a headache for nearby communities37.The U.S.Supreme Court's ruling in the Idaho case[A]reinforces water pollution control[B]weakens the EPA's regulatory power[C]will end conflicts among local residents[D]may face opposition from mining operators38.How does the author feel about the future of the Chesapeake Bay?[A]Worried.[B]Puzzled.[C]Relieved[D]Encouraged.39.What can be inferred about the EPA's involvement in the Chesapeake BayProgram?[A]It has restored the balance among neighboring jurisdictions.[B]It has triggered a radical reform in commercial fisheries.[C]It has set a fine example of respecting state authorities.[D]It has ensured the coordination of protection efforts.40.The author holds that the state lawmakers should[A]be cautious about the influence of landowners[B]attach due importance to wetlands protections[C]recognize the need to expand wildlife refugesPart BDirections:Read the following comments on a report about American museums returning artifacts to their countries of origin and a list of statements summarizing the comments.Choose the best statement from the list A-G for each numbered name(41—45).There are two extra choices which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)(41)HannabSimply,there are people in Nigeria who cannot travel to the Smithsonian Institution to see that part of their history and culture represented by the Benin Bronzes.These should be available to them as part of their cultural heritage and history and as a source of national pride.There is no good reason that these artifacts should be beyond the ordinary reach of the educational objectives or inspiration of the generations to which they were left.They serve no purpose in a museum in the United States or elsewhere except as curious objects.They cannot be compared to works of art produced for sale which can be passed from hand to hand and place to place by purchase.(42)BuckWe know very exact reproductions of artwork can be and are regularly produced.Perhaps museums and governments might explore some role for the use of nearly exact reproductions as a means of resolving issues relating to returning works of art and antiquities.The context of any exhibit is more important to me than whether the object being displayed is 2,000 years old or 2 months old.In many cases the experts have a hard time agreeing on what is the real object and what is a forgery.Again,the story an exhibit is trying to tell is what matters.The monetary value of the objects on display is a distant second place in importance.(43)SaraWhen visiting the Baltimore Museum of Art,I came across a magnificentlSth-century Chinese sculpture.It inspired me to learm more about the culture that it represented.Artifacts in museums have the power to inspire,and perhaps spark that need to learn and understand the nature of their creators.Having said that,I do feel that whatever artifacts find their way to public museums should,in fact,be sanctioned as having been obtained on loan,legally purchased,or obtained by treaty.Stealing artifacts from other peoples'cultures is obscene;it robs not only the physical objects,but the dignity and spirit of their creators.(44)VictorAncient art that is displaced in foreign countries should be returned.…(缺失)(45)JuliaTo those of you in the comments section,by all means,who are having strong feeling about artifacts being removed from cities in the US and Britain,I would ask you to consider…(缺失)[A]It is clear that countries of origin have never been compensated for stolen artifacts.[B]It is a flawed line of reasoning to argue against returning artifacts to their countries of origin.[C]Museum visitor can still learn as much from artifacts copies after the originals are returmed.[D]Reproductions,even if perfectly made,cannot take the place of the authentic objects.[E]The real value of artifacts can only be recognized in their countries of origin rather than anywhere else[F]Ways to get artifacts from other countries must be decent and lawful.[G]Concern over security is no excuse for refusing to return artifacts to their countries of origin. 参考答案：41.E 42.C 43.F 44.G 45.BPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)“Elephants never forget”—or so they say—and that piece of folklore seems to have some foundation.The African savanna elephant also known as the African bush elephant,is distributed across 37 African countries.(46)They sometimes travel more than sixty miles to find food or water,anc are very good at working out where other elephants are—even when they are out of ing tracking devices,researchers have shown that they have"remarkable spatial acuity",when finding their way to waterholes,they headed off in exactly the right direction,on one occasion from a distance of roughly thirty miles.What is more,they almost always seem to choose the nearest water hole.(47)The researchers are convinced that the elephants always know precisely where they are in relation to all the resources they need,and can therefore take shortcuts,as well as following familiar routes.Although the cues used by African elephants for long-distance navigation are not yet understood,smell may well play a part.Elephants are very choosy eaters,but until recently litle was known about how they selected their food.(48)One possibility was that they merely used their eyes and tried out the plants they found,but that would probably result in a lot of wasted time and energy,not least because their eyesight is actually not very good.(49)The volatile chemicals produced by plants can be carried a long way,and they are very characteristic:Each plant or tree has its own particular odor signature.What is more,they can be detected even when they are not actually visible.New research suggests that smell is a crucial factor in guiding elephants—and probably other herbivores—to the best food resources.The researchers first established what kinds of plant the elephants preferred either to eat or avoid when foraging freely.They then set up a“food station”experiment,in which they gave elephants a series of choices based only on smell.(50)The experiment showed that elephants may well use smell to identify patches of trees that are good to eat,and secondly to assess the quality ofthe trees within each patch.Free-ranging elephants presumably also use this information to locate their preferred food.参考译文：(46)它们有时跋涉六十多英里寻找食物或水，并且非常善于寻找其他大象的位置——即使它们不在视线范围内。

“考研”英语怎么说"考研"英语怎么说考研，是指参加研究生考试的意思。

这是一项非常重要的考试，对于有意愿继续深造的学生来说，考研是进入研究生阶段的必经之路。

然而，在国际化的趋势下，很多人也开始关注如何用英语表达"考研"这个概念。

下面我们将介绍一些常用的英语表达方式。

通过简单的翻译，我们可以用“Postgraduate Entrance Examination”或者“Graduate School Entrance Examination”来表达“考研”。

这些翻译都是非常直接的表达方式，可以准确地传达出“考研”的含义。

但是，我们也可以使用一些更加口语化、地道的表达方式来描述“考研”的意思。

首先，我们可以使用“take the postgraduate entrance examination”这个表达方式。

这是一个更加口语化的表达，也是非常常用的。

例如，我们可以说，“I am going to take the postgraduate entrance examination this year.” 这样就表达了“我今年要考研”的意思。

另外，我们还可以使用“apply for graduate school”这个表达方式。

这是一个非常常见的表达方式，也是非常地道的。

对于那些打算申请研究生阶段的学生来说，这是一个非常合适的表达方式。

例如，我们可以说，“I am going to apply for graduate school next semester.” 这样就表达了“我下个学期要考研”的意思。

除了以上的表达方式，我们还可以使用“pursue a higher degree”或者“pursue postgraduate studies”。

这些表达方式强调了考研背后的目标，即追求更高的学位和深造的机会。

例如，“After working for several years, I decided to pursue a higher degree.” 这样就表达了“工作几年后，我决定考研”的意思。

考研英语试题及答案Part I Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. After each question, there will be a pause. The conversations and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A) The man is a student.B) The woman is a student.C) Both are students.D) Neither is a student.2. A) The woman is going to the library.B) The man is going to the library.C) The woman is going to the bookstore.D) The man is going to the bookstore.[...]8. A) The woman will buy a new car.B) The man will buy a new car.C) They will both buy a new car.D) Neither will buy a new car.Questions 9 to 10 are based on the following conversation.M: Hi, I just heard that you got a new job. Congratulations! W: Thank you. I'm really excited about it. I'll be working at a tech company as a software engineer.Q9: What is the woman's new job?A) A software engineer.B) A tech company owner.C) A job at a bookstore.D) A job at a library.Q10: How does the woman feel about her new job?A) She is worried.B) She is excited.C) She is indifferent.D) She is disappointed.[...]Section BDirections: Listen to the following passages. After each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Passage One[Recording of a passage about environmental protection]Questions:11. What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of environmental protection.B) The economic benefits of environmental protection.C) The history of environmental protection.D) The challenges of environmental protection.12. According to the passage, what can be done to protect the environment?A) Planting more trees.B) Reducing industrial pollution.C) Both A and B.D) Neither A nor B.[...]Passage Two[Recording of a passage about cultural exchange]Questions:16. What is the purpose of the cultural exchange program mentioned in the passage?A) To promote tourism.B) To foster understanding between cultures.C) To increase trade.D) To improve language skills.17. Who is the intended audience of the passage?A) Students interested in travel.B) Participants in the cultural exchange program.C) Educators looking for new teaching methods.D) Business professionals seeking international partnerships.[...]Part II Reading Comprehension (60 minutes)Section ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer thequestions that follow each text by choosing the correctanswer from the five choices given. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.Text 1In recent years, the popularity of online learning has surged. Many people are turning to the internet for education, which offers flexibility and convenience that traditionalclassrooms cannot match. However, some argue that online learning lacks the personal interaction and immediatefeedback that are essential for effective learning.Questions:21. What is the main topic of the text?A) The drawbacks of online learning.B) The benefits of traditional classrooms.C) The rise in online learning popularity.D) The comparison between online and traditional learning.22. What does the text suggest about online learning?A) It is more flexible than traditional learning.B) It is less effective due to the lack of personal interaction.C) It is becoming less popular.D) It is the only option for many students.[...]Text 2[A text about the impact of technology on employment]Questions:23. What is the author's view on the impact of technology on jobs?A) It is generally positive.B) It is generally negative.C) It is mixed.D) It is negligible.24. What evidence does the text provide to support the author's view?A) Survey results from workers.B) Predictions from economists.C) Historical employment data.D) All of the above.[...]Section BDirections: Read the following text and answer the questions by completing the sentences, providing the best possible answers from the text.Text 3[A text about the importance of teamwork in business]Questions:25. Teamwork is essential in business because it can _______.26. According to the text, effective。

考研英语科目试题及答案一、阅读理解1. 阅读以下短文，然后回答问题。

In recent years, the concept of a "work-life balance" has gained significant attention in the workplace. The idea is that employees should have a balance between their work and personal life, which can lead to increased productivity and overall happiness.问题：根据短文，"work-life balance" 指的是什么？答案： "work-life balance"指的是员工应该在工作和个人生活之间保持平衡。

2. 阅读以下短文，然后回答问题。

The impact of technology on education cannot be underestimated. With the advent of the internet and digital devices, learning has become more accessible and interactive.问题：根据短文，技术对教育的影响是什么？答案：技术使教育变得更加可接近和互动。

二、完形填空3. 阅读以下短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳答案。

In a world where technology is advancing at an unprecedented rate, it is more important than ever to stay informed. The internet has become a _______ source of information.A. reliableB. primaryC. secondaryD. tertiary答案： B4. 阅读以下短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳答案。

>考研英语如何复习完整版精选篇1考生实际真正开始的系统考研复习都是从暑期开始的，学生放假后的七、八月份更是英语复习的强化阶段。

在暑期这一两个月当中可先参加一系列的培训班，在老师的指导之下进行学习，也可自己复习，根据自己的实际情况而定。

在暑期，考生复习的重点主要还是应该放在以下四个方面；第一个方面首先是词汇，第二个方面是阅读理解，第三个方面是写作培训，第四个方面是翻译完形新题型。

结束了春季基础阶段的复习，大部分考生已经储存了足够多的词汇量，而记忆单词则是要自始至终的过程。

单词不认识，一切都是虚妄，此外无捷径可走。

理解记忆词汇方面，我们应该有一个目标，那就是到假期结束时应该基本没有词汇死角。

记忆的方法可以灵活多样，词缀法、联想法等等，只要有利于记忆的都可以用。

但务必要确保看到绝大多数单词，都能想起它的意思。

然后通过阅读来加深记忆。

词汇复习尽量利用好自己的零散时间。

大家可以到相关网站下载一个电子版的词汇大纲，删掉已经熟记的词汇、短语，然后将剩下的内容打印出来，做成单词卡片带在身上，随时随地进行记忆。

既能够省去英语学习之累，又能增加复习之效率。

单词量有了，就要要真正应付考研英语阅读了。

此时，再看考研阅读理解，你会发现每篇文章不再那么可怕。

这时可以开始进行阅读的突破，阅读训练请只做真题，其他任何资料都不足取。

真题就是一切！首先，用考研的标准时间去认真的做近十年的真题，尤其是__年之后的阅读，参考价值要远远高于之前的年份。

做阅读真题的时候注意要仔细揣摩命题组的思路，做完真题后，并不是简单的看正确率是多少，而是要校对每一道题甚至每一句话的确切含义，这个过程远比做题重要的多。

既然要搞定考研英语，当然要对它进行全面了解，而历年真题正是最好而且是唯一的途径，然后从中总结经验、挖掘规律，有的放矢而不是泛泛而论，最终使自己洞查它的一切资料，临考时才真正能做到胸有成竹。

其次，真题里有许多不断重复的单词、习惯用法和主题雷同的文章；精读考研历年真题非常重要。

考研英语分值表
考研英语一和英语二的分值分配略有不同，具体如下：
1. 考研英语一：
英语知识运用（完形填空）：共20小题，每小题分，共10分。

阅读理解：该部分由A、B、C三节组成，共30小题，每小题2分，共60分。

写作：该部分由A、B两节组成，共30分。

2. 考研英语二：
英语知识运用（完形填空）：共20小题，每小题分，共10分。

阅读理解：该部分由A、B两节组成，共25小题，每小题2分，共50分。

英译汉：共15分。

写作：共2小题，共25分。

A部分10分，B部分15分。

以上信息仅供参考，具体分值分配可能会根据年份和考试难度有所调整。

建议查看教育部门发布的官方文件或考试大纲以获取最新和最准确的信息。

师范英语考研的科目摘要：一、师范英语考研概述1.师范英语考研简介2.考研科目及重要性二、考研英语科目详解1.英语知识运用2.阅读理解3.写作4.翻译与写作三、各科目备考策略1.英语知识运用2.阅读理解3.写作4.翻译与写作四、备考建议与资源1.时间规划与学习方法2.推荐教材与辅导资源3.模拟测试与自我评估正文：一、师范英语考研概述师范英语考研，即针对师范类院校英语专业考生的研究生入学考试，旨在选拔优秀的学生进入研究生阶段深造。

考研科目对于考生来说至关重要，直接影响着考试结果和未来学术发展。

本文将详细介绍师范英语考研的科目及相关备考策略。

二、考研英语科目详解1.英语知识运用英语知识运用主要考察词汇、语法、句型等方面的知识，要求考生具备扎实的基本功。

这部分题目涵盖了词汇、语法、改错、完成句子等多种题型，需要考生在平时的学习中不断积累和巩固。

2.阅读理解阅读理解是考研英语的重要组成部分，主要测试考生的阅读速度、理解能力和逻辑思维。

这部分题目要求考生阅读一定数量的英语文章，回答相关问题。

考生需要通过多做练习提高阅读速度，培养捕捉文章主旨和关键信息的能力。

3.写作写作包括短文写作和小作文，主要考察考生的英语表达能力、逻辑思维能力和分析解决问题的能力。

短文写作要求考生根据题目要求，用恰当的语言和表达方式阐述观点；小作文则要求考生根据提供的图表、数据等信息，进行描述和分析。

平时多进行写作练习，提高写作水平是备考的关键。

4.翻译与写作翻译与写作主要测试考生的英汉互译能力，包括英译汉和汉译英两个部分。

这部分题目要求考生具备较高的翻译技巧和语言表达能力，能在规定时间内完成翻译任务。

备考时，考生需要多加练习，提高翻译速度和准确性。

三、各科目备考策略1.英语知识运用：通过系统学习英语语法、词汇、句型等基础知识，强化基本功。

多做练习题，总结易错点，提高正确率。

2.阅读理解：多读英语文章，提高阅读速度和理解能力。

学习阅读策略，如快速浏览、寻读、推理等，提高答题效率。