bowel polyps or cancer

西医肠胃科术语英文翻译以下是常见的西医肠胃科术语英文翻译：1. 胃食管反流病：Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)2. 胃炎：Gastritis3. 消化性溃疡：Peptic Ulcer4. 胃溃疡：Gastric Ulcer5. 十二指肠溃疡：Duodenal Ulcer6. 肠道炎性疾病：Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)7. 克罗恩病：Crohn's Disease8. 溃疡性结肠炎：Ulcerative Colitis9. 肠易激综合征：Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)10. 肠梗阻：Intestinal Obstruction11. 肠穿孔：Intestinal Perforation12. 肛门脓肿：Perianal Abscess13. 大便失禁：Fecal Incontinence14. 便秘：Constipation15. 腹泻：Diarrhea16. 急性肠胃炎：Acute Gastroenteritis17. 肠息肉：Intestinal Polyps18. 肠癌：Colorectal Cancer19. 胃镜检查：Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)20. 肠镜检查：Colonoscopy21. X线钡剂灌肠检查：Barium Enema X-ray Examination22. 大便潜血试验：Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT)23. 腹部平片检查：Abdominal Plain Film Examination24. 腹部CT检查：Abdominal CT Scan25. 直肠指诊：Digital Rectal Examination (DRE)26. 内窥镜超声检查：Endoscopic Ultrasonography (EUS)27. 上消化道出血：Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding28. 下消化道出血：Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding29. 幽门螺杆菌检测：Helicobacter Pylori Detection30. 肝功能检查：Liver Function Tests (LFTs)31. 胃肠道营养支持：Gastrointestinal Nutrition Support32. 全肠外营养支持：Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)33. 内镜下息肉摘除术：Endoscopic Polypectomy34. 肛周脓肿切开引流术：Perianal Abscess Incision and Drainage35. 大肠癌根治术：Radical Resection of Colorectal Cancer36. 胃肠道转流手术：Gastrointestinal Bypass Surgery37. 人工肛门括约肌成形术：Artificial Sphincter Placement Surgery38. 肠道微生物移植：Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT)39. 小肠移植：Small Bowel Transplantation40. 造口术及造口护理：Stoma Surgery and Stoma Care41. 胃癌根治术：Radical Resection of Gastric Cancer42. 胰腺炎治疗：Pancreatitis Management43. 胆道疾病治疗：Biliary Tract Disease Management44. 功能性胃肠疾病的心理治疗：Psychological Therapies for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (FGIDs)45. 小肠镜检与治疗：Capsule Endoscopy and Therapy for Small Bowel Conditions。

内镜下注水法冷圈套器切除术在治疗5~10 mm无蒂型大肠息肉中的疗效分析张宗胜1 陈明仁1 刘浪廷1 李卫娜1 韩燕燕1 卢 敏21 阳春市中医院消化内科（广东阳春 529600）2 南方医科大学珠江医院消化内科（广东广州 510280）【摘 要】 目的 研究注水法内镜下冷圈套器切除术在5~10 mm 无蒂型大肠息肉中的临床疗效。

方法 纳入120例阳春市中医院收治的5~10 mm 无蒂型大肠息肉患者，合计246枚息肉，根据结肠息肉切除方式不同分为内镜下注水法冷圈套器切除术（UCSP）与传统内镜下冷圈套器切除术（CCSP）两组，每组分别纳入60例患者。

比较两组息肉部位、息肉大小、术后病理诊断、完整息肉切除率、术后病理深度、息肉回收率、手术时间、术中瞬时性出血率、迟发性穿孔率、迟发性出血率以及手术时间、Boston及视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评分。

结果 两组息肉部位、息肉大小、术后病理诊断、完整息肉切除率、息肉回收率、术中瞬时性出血率、迟发性穿孔率、迟发性出血率以及Boston评分比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；UCSP组术后病理深度［（8.80.5）mm］大于CCSP组［（5.90.4）mm］（P＜0.01），CCSP 组手术时间［（21.32.4）min］，较UCSP组［（25.71.1）min］缩短（P＜0.01），VAS评分UCSP组［（2.60.7）分］优于CCSP组［（2.90.3）分］（P＜0.001）。

结论 UCSP能有效、安全5~10 mm无蒂型大肠息肉，术后深度的病理组织学评估获得更高的肌层黏膜切除深度，虽然UCSP手术时间较长，但术后腹痛发生率较低。

 【关键词】 注水冷圈套器切除术；冷圈套息肉切除术；大肠息肉；瞬时性出血；腹痛DOI：10. 3969 / j. issn. 1000-8535. 2024. 03. 014Analysis of the therapeutic effect of endoscopic underwater cold snare polypectomy in the treatment of 5-10 mm sessile colorectal polypsZHANG Zongsheng1，CHEN Mingren1，LIU Langting1，LI Weina1，HAN Yanyan1，LU Min21Department of Gastroenterology，Yangchun Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital，Yangchun 529600，China2Department of Gastroenterology，Southern Medical University Zhujiang Hospital，Guangzhou 510280，China 【Abstract】 Objective To study the clinical efficacy of endoscopic cold snare resection using water injection method in 5-10 mm pedunculated colorectal polyps．Methods A total of 120 patients with 5-10 mm sessile colorectal polyps admitted to Yangchun Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital were selected as the research subjects．A total of 246 polyps were enrolled，and the patients were divided into two groups based on the different methods of endoscopic resection：underwater cold snare polypectomy （UCSP）and conventional cold snare polypectomy（CCSP），with 60 patients enrolled in each group．Compare the location，size，postoperative pathological diagnosis，complete polypectomy rate，postoperative pathological depth，polyp recovery rate，surgical time，instantaneous intraoperative bleeding rate，delayed perforation rate，delayed bleeding rate，surgical time，Boston and VAS scores between two groups．Results Two groups of polyp locations，polyp size，postoperative pathological diagnosis，complete polyp resection rate，polyp recovery rate，the instantaneous intraoperative bleeding rate，delayed perforation rate，delayed bleeding rate，and Boston score，all of above were not significant different（P＞0.05）；the postoperative pathological depth in the UCSP group［（8.8±0.5）mm］ was significantly greater than that in the CCSP group［（5.9±0.4）mm］（P＜0.01），and the surgical time in the CCSP group［（21.3±2.4）min］ was shorter than that in the UCSP group［（25.7±1.1）min］（P＜0.01）． The VAS score in the UCSP group（2.6±0.7）was significantly better than that in the CCSP group（2.9±0.3）（P＜0.001）．Conclusions The underwater cold snare polypectomy can achieve good therapeutic results in patients with 5-10 mm sessile colorectal polyps．Further pathological evaluation of postoperative can obtain deeper of myomucosal resection．Although the UCSP group has a 基金项目：阳江市科技局医疗卫生科技项目（SF2021173）通信作者：卢敏，E-mail:********************longer surgical time，the incidence of postoperative abdominal pain is lower．【Key words】 underwater cold snare polypectomy；cold snare polypectomy ；colorectal polyps；instantaneous bleeding；abdominal pain大肠息肉是指大肠肠腔黏膜层表面赘生物，患者通常无任何临床症状，少数患者因息肉较大，出现便血、腹痛、便秘等症状就诊。

结肠肝区肿瘤英语Colorectal Cancer: A Comprehensive OverviewColorectal cancer, also known as colon cancer or bowel cancer, is a type of cancer that originates in the large intestine, specifically the colon or the rectum. It is a significant public health concern, with a global incidence rate of approximately 1.8 million new cases per year. The disease is characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells within the lining of the colon or rectum, which can lead to the formation of malignant tumors.The development of colorectal cancer is a complex process that involves genetic and environmental factors. Certain risk factors have been identified, such as age, family history, diet high in red and processed meats, obesity, physical inactivity, and smoking. Additionally, inflammatory bowel diseases, such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, have been associated with an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer.Symptoms of colorectal cancer can vary greatly and may include changes in bowel habits, rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss, and fatigue. However, it is important tonote that these symptoms can also be associated with other gastrointestinal conditions, and the presence of these symptoms does not necessarily indicate the presence of colorectal cancer.Early detection and diagnosis of colorectal cancer are crucial for improving patient outcomes. Regular screening, such as colonoscopy or fecal occult blood testing, can help identify precancerous polyps or early-stage cancers, allowing for timely intervention and treatment. When caught early, colorectal cancer is often highly treatable, with a 5-year survival rate of over 90% for localized disease.The treatment of colorectal cancer typically involves a combinationof surgical, medical, and radiation therapies, depending on the stage and location of the cancer. Surgery is the primary treatment for localized colorectal cancer, and may involve the removal of the affected portion of the colon or rectum, as well as any nearby lymph nodes. In some cases, chemotherapy or targeted therapies may be used before or after surgery to improve the chances of successful treatment.For advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer, a multidisciplinary approach is often required, involving a team of healthcare professionals, including oncologists, surgeons, radiation oncologists, and gastroenterologists. The specific treatment plan will depend on the extent of the disease, the patient's overall health, and thepresence of any comorbidities.Despite the significant progress that has been made in the treatment of colorectal cancer, the disease remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Ongoing research and clinical trials are focused on developing new and more effective therapies, as well as improving early detection and prevention strategies.In conclusion, colorectal cancer is a complex and potentially devastating disease that affects millions of people around the world. However, with increased awareness, early detection, and advancements in treatment, the prognosis for many patients has improved significantly in recent years. By understanding the risk factors, recognizing the symptoms, and undergoing regular screening, individuals can play a crucial role in the fight against this disease.。

关于进一步胃肠镜诊疗自查报告范文英文回答：Gastroscopy and Colonoscopy Self-Assessment Report.Section 1: Gastroscopy.Indications for Gastroscopy:Dyspepsia, epigastric pain, heartburn.Nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension.Iron deficiency anemia, gastrointestinal bleeding.Suspected esophageal, gastric, or duodenal pathology.Procedure:Insertion of a flexible endoscope through the mouth into the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.Examination of the mucosal lining for abnormalities, biopsies if necessary.Risks and Complications:Perforation, bleeding, infection.Dysphagia, odynophagia.Preparation:Fasting for 8-12 hours prior to the procedure.Avoidance of anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents.Results Interpretation:Normal: No significant abnormalities.Gastritis: Inflammation of the gastric mucosa.Esophagitis: Inflammation of the esophageal mucosa.Ulcers: Breaks in the mucosal lining.Neoplasia: Suspicious lesions that require further evaluation.Section 2: Colonoscopy.Indications for Colonoscopy:Abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, diarrhea.Blood in stools, rectal bleeding.Suspected colorectal cancer or polyps.Inflammatory bowel disease.Procedure:Insertion of a flexible endoscope through the anus into the rectum, sigmoid colon, and ascending colon.Examination of the mucosal lining for abnormalities, biopsies if necessary.Removal of polyps if present.Risks and Complications:Perforation, bleeding, infection.Abdominal pain, cramping.Preparation:Bowel cleansing with laxatives or enemas.Fasting for 8-12 hours prior to the procedure.Results Interpretation:Normal: No significant abnormalities.Colitis: Inflammation of the colonic mucosa.Crohn's disease: Inflammatory bowel disease characterized by patchy involvement.Ulcerative colitis: Inflammatory bowel disease characterized by continuous involvement.Polyps: Benign growths that may require removal.Neoplasia: Suspicious lesions that require further evaluation.Section 3: Self-Assessment.Gastroscopy:Can I accurately describe the indications for gastroscopy?Can I explain the procedure of gastroscopy in detail?Am I familiar with the potential risks and complications of gastroscopy?Can I describe the preparation steps for gastroscopy?Can I interpret gastroscopy results, including normal findings and common abnormalities?Colonoscopy:Can I accurately describe the indications for colonoscopy?Can I explain the procedure of colonoscopy in detail?Am I familiar with the potential risks and complications of colonoscopy?Can I describe the preparation steps for colonoscopy?Can I interpret colonoscopy results, including normal findings and common abnormalities?Overall:Can I synthesize my knowledge of gastroscopy and colonoscopy to provide comprehensive care for patients?Can I critically evaluate gastroscopy and colonoscopy reports and make informed decisions based on the findings?Am I up-to-date on the latest advancements in gastroscopy and colonoscopy techniques?中文回答：胃镜和肠镜诊疗自查报告。

靛胭脂染色内镜在大肠微小息肉和腺瘤中诊断中的应用价值发表时间：2015-10-20T16:53:09.223Z 来源：《河南中医》2015年7月供稿作者：阮晖1 徐小琼2[导读] 四川省什邡市人民医院色素结肠镜检查，即用色素喷洒于大肠黏膜，使普通内镜不能观察到的病变变的明显。

阮晖1 徐小琼2（四川省什邡市人民医院内镜室四川什邡 618400）【摘要】目的：研究运用靛胭脂染色内镜对大肠微小息肉患者和腺瘤患者的治疗效果，分析临床运用的价值。

方法：选取2011年1月至2015年1月在我院治疗的1148例患有大肠微小息肉和腺瘤患者作为研究对象，将全部的患者随机划分为两组，分别为常规结肠镜组为773例，其中男性患者为467例，女性患者为306例，男女患者的年龄段范围是6至78岁，两者的平均年龄为58岁；肠镜下染色组为375例，其中男性患者为234例，女性患者为141例，男女患者的年龄段范围是27至76岁，两者的平均年龄为56岁.将两组试验患者运用不同的治疗手段进行疾病的治疗，观察和记录患者的临床症状及治疗效果。

结果：对大肠微小息肉患者和腺瘤患者运用靛胭脂染色内镜治疗，其临床治疗效果显著，对患者体内大肠微小息肉患者和腺瘤的检测诊断准确率明显高于常规结肠镜组的患者，统计学差异性明显（P﹤0.05）,两组具有可比性。

结论：根据对大肠微小息肉患者和腺瘤患者运用靛胭脂染色内镜诊断的临床效果，其对患者病情程度的检查准确率很高，具有很高的诊断效果，值得临床推广运用。

【关键词】靛胭脂染色内镜；大肠微小息肉；腺瘤；临床诊断【中图分类号】R735.3+4 【文献标识码】B 【文章编号】1003-5028（2015）7-0081-02【Abstract】objective: to study the use of indigo carmine staining endoscopy in patients with large intestine patients with small polyps and adenomas of the treatment effect, analysis the value of clinical application. Methods: between January 2011 and January 2011 in our hospital treatment of 1148 cases with colon small polyps and adenomas patients as the research object, all the patients were randomly divided into two groups, conventional colonoscopy group of 773 cases, respectively, which is suitable for 467 cases of male patients, female patients of 306 cases, male and female patients age range is 6 to 78, the average age was 58 years old; Colonoscopy under dyeing group of 375 cases, of which the male patients of 234 cases, women for 141 cases of patients, 27 patients with men and women age range is to 76, the average age of 56. Will use different treatment approaches for patients with two groups of test for the treatment of diseases, observe and record the patient's clinical symptoms and treatment effect. Results: patients with large intestine patients with small polyps and adenomas using indigo carmine staining endoscopy treatment, the clinical treatment effect is remarkable, in patients with small patients with bowel polyps and detection diagnosis accuracy of adenoma was obviously higher than that of conventional colonoscopy group of patients, statistical difference (P ﹤ 0.05) obviously, two groups of comparable. Conclusion: according to the patients with large intestine patients with small polyps and adenomas using indigo carmine staining endoscopy in the diagnosis of clinical effect, the degree of the patient condition inspection accuracy is high, has the very high diagnosis effect, worth clinical promotion.【Key words】indigo carmine staining endoscopy; E. tiny polyps; Adenomas; Clinical diagnosis如今现代化发展步伐的加快，人们的生活方式与饮食习惯的改变，特别是饮食的不规律，这直接导致肠道疾病发病率明显提高，这是一个不容小觑的健康问题。

消化系统疾病常用英文词汇表、症状急性腹痛acute abdominal pain慢性腹痛chronic abdominalpain吞咽困难dysphagia吞咽痛odynophagia噫球感（咽部异物感）globus sensation呃逆 hiccups食管源性胸痛chest pain of esophageal origin烧心 heartburn反流 regurgitation消化不良 dyspepsia功能性消化不良functional dyspepsia恶心 nausea呕吐 vomiting腹泻 diarrhea渗透性腹泻osmotic diarrhea分泌性腹泻secretory diarrhea炎性腹泻inflammatory diarrhea功能性腹泻functional diarrhea水样泻 watery diarrhea脂肪泻 steatorrhea便秘 constipation消化道出血 gastrointestinal bleeding上消化道出血upper gastrointestinal bleeding下消化道出血lower gastrointestinal bleeding不明原因消化道出血 obscure gastrointestinal bleeding 隐匿性消化道出血 occult gastrointestinal bleeding呕血 hematemesis呕咖啡样物coffee-ground emesis黑便 melena便血 hematochezia便潜血阳性positive fecal occult blood test缺铁性贫血iron deficiency anemia黄疸 jaundice间胆升高（高非结合胆红素血症）unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia直胆升高（高结合胆红素血症）conjugated hyperbilirubinemia胆汁淤积cholestasis肝内胆汁淤积intrahepatic cholestasis肝外胆汁淤积extrahepatic cholestasis肝功能异常abnormal liver chemistries腹水 ascites肝占位 liver mass消瘦 weight loss二、食管疾病贲门失弛缓 achalasia远端食管痉挛distal esophageal spasm （ DES ）胃食管反流病gastroesophageal reflux disease （GERD ）食管裂孔疝hiatal hernia反流性食管炎 /糜烂性食管炎reflux esophagitis/erosive esophagitis 非糜烂性胃食管反流病nonerosive reflux disease （NERD ）Barrett 食管Barrett ’ sesophagus消化性食管狭窄peptic esophageal stricture药物所致的食管损伤 medication-induced esophageal injury/pill-induced esophagitis嗜酸细胞性食管炎eosinophilic esophagitis贲门黏膜撕裂 Mallory-Weiss syndrome自发性食管破裂Boerhaave ’ s syndrome自发性食管血肿spontaneous esophageal hematoma 真菌性食管炎 fungal esophagitis念珠菌性食管炎candidal esophagitis病毒性食管炎 viral esophagitis食管鳞癌 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma食管腺癌 esophageal adenocarcinomaportal hypertensive gastropathy胃底静脉曲张 gastric varices胃石 gastric bezoar消化性溃疡病 peptic ulcer disease胃溃疡 gastric ulcer十二指肠溃疡 duodenal ulcer难治性溃疡 refractory ulcer溃疡出血 ulcer bleedingForrest 分级 Forrest ClassificationI 级 活动出血 active bleeding 食管乳头状瘤 esophageal papilloma食管平滑肌瘤 esophageal leiomyoma食管脂肪瘤 esophageal lipoma食管静脉曲张 esophageal varices三、胃和十二指肠疾病胃轻瘫 gastroparesis幽门螺杆菌感染 helicobacter pylori infection胃炎 gastritis慢性浅表性胃炎 chronic superficial gastritis慢性非萎缩性胃炎 chronic non-atrophic gastritis慢性萎缩性胃炎 chronic atrophic gastritis自身免疫性萎缩性胃炎 autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis肠化生 intestinal metaplasia异型增生 dysplasia嗜酸细胞性胃肠炎 eosinophilic gastroenteritis急性糜烂性胃炎 acute erosive gastritisMe ne trier 病 Me ne trier sdisease门脉高压性胃病Ia 喷射样出血spurting hemorrhageIb 渗血 oozing hemorrhageII 级有近期出血征象 stigmata of recent hemorrhage IIa 血管显露visible vesselIIb 血栓附着 adherent clotIIc平坦的色素沉着flat pigmentationIII级干净的溃疡底部clean-base ulcersDieulafoy 病变Dieulafoy ’ slesion穿孑匕 perforation胃出口梗阻(幽门梗阻)gastric outlet obstruction应激性溃疡 stress ulcers卓-艾综合征 Zollinger-Ellison syndrome胃息肉 gastric polyps胃底腺息肉fundic gland polyps增生性息肉Hyperplastic polyps腺瘤 adenoma炎性纤维性息肉Inflammatory fibroid polyps胃腺癌 gastric adenocarcinoma早期胃癌 early gastric cancer进展期胃癌 advanced gastric cancer鲍曼分型Borrmann classification上皮下肿瘤subepithelial tumor黏膜下肿瘤submucosal tumor黏膜下病变submucosal lesions胃肠道间质瘤 gastrointestinal stromal tumors神经内分泌肿瘤 neuroendocrine tumors类癌 carcinoid tumors淋巴瘤 lymphoma平滑肌瘤leiomyoma脂肪瘤 lipoma异位胰腺pancreatic rest (aberrant pancreas )胃扭转 gastric volvulus四、小肠和大肠美克尔憩室Meckel ’ sdiverticulum慢性小肠假性梗阻 chronic small intestinal pseudoobstruction 小肠细菌过度生长 small intestinal bacterial overgrowth短肠综合征short bowel syndrome乳糜泻 celiac disease吸收不良 malabsorptionWhipple 病Whipple ’ sdisease蛋白丢失性胃肠病 protein-losing gastroenteropathy 抗生素相关腹泻antibiotic-associated diarrhea 伪膜性肠炎pseudomembranous enterocolitis难辨梭菌感染 Clostridium difficile infection炎症性肠病 inflammatory bowel disease克罗恩病 Crohn ’ sdisease蒙特利尔分类 Montreal classification发病年龄 age of onset (A)A1 <16 ； A2 17-40 ； A3 >40位置 localization (L)末端回肠 terminal ileum ( L1)结肠 colon (L2 )回结肠 ileocolon (L3 )上消化道 upper gastrointestinal (L4)临床行为 behavior ( B)非狭窄非穿透型 nonstricturingnonpenetrating (B1) 狭窄型 structuring穿透型 penetrating病情严重程度disease severity缓解期 remission (S0)轻度mild中度 moderate重度 severe溃疡性结肠炎ulcerative colitis病变分布distribution of disease直肠炎型proctitis左半结肠炎型 left-sided colitis广泛结肠炎型 extensive colitis急性肠系膜缺血 acute mesenteric ischemia肠系膜上动脉栓塞superior mesenteric artery embolus 急性肠系膜上动脉血栓形成acute thrombosis of superior mesenteric artery 非闭塞性肠系膜缺血nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia肠系膜静脉血栓形成 mesenteric venous thrombosis局灶节段性小肠缺血focal segmental ischemia of the small intestine缺血性结肠炎ischemic colitis结肠缺血 colon ischemia白塞氏病Beh?et ’sdisease过敏性紫瘢Henoch- Sch?nlein purpura阑尾炎 appendicitis结肠憩室colonic diverticulum结肠憩室病diverticular disease of the colon憩室炎 diverticulitis憩室出血diverticular hemorrhage肠易激综合征irritable bowel syndrome肠梗阻 intestinal obstruction小肠梗阻small bowel obstruction结肠梗阻 colonic obstruction麻痹性肠梗阻ileus假性肠梗阻pseudo-obstruction巨结肠 megacolon结肠息肉colonic polyp管状腺瘤tubular adenoma绒毛状腺瘤villous adenoma绒毛管状腺瘤 tubulovillous adenoma原位癌 carcinoma in situ黏膜内癌intramucosal carcinoma侧向发育型肿瘤lateral (laterally ) spreading tumor (LST )锯齿状息肉serrated polyp增生(化生)性息肉 hyperplastic polyp幼年性息肉juvenile polypP-J 息肉 Peutz-Jeghers polyp炎性息肉 Inflammatory polyp家族性腺瘤息肉病familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP )错构瘤性息肉病hamartomatouspolyposisP-J 综合征 Peutz-Jeghers syndrome幼年性息肉病 Juvenile polyposis Cronkhite-Canada 综合征Cronkhite-Canada syndrome 结直肠癌 colorectal cancer早期结肠癌early colonic caner进展期结肠癌advanced colonic cancer痔 hemorrhoids内痔 internal hemorrhoids夕卜痔 external hemorrhoids肛裂 anal fissure肛周脓肿perianal abscess肛痿 fistula-in-ano/ anorectal fistula结肠血管扩张angioectasia of the colon遗传学毛细血管扩张症hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia （Osler-Weber-Rendudisease）五、胰腺急性胰腺炎acute pancreatitis胆源性胰腺炎gallstone pancreatitis酒精性胰腺炎Alcohol-induced pancreatitis轻症 mild中重症 moderately severe重症 severe间质水肿性胰腺炎interstitial oedematouspancreatitis坏死性胰腺炎necrotising pancreatitis（APFC ）急性胰周液体积聚 acute peripancreatic fluid collection胰腺假性囊肿 pancreatic pseudocyst急性坏死性积聚acute necrotic collection （ANC ）包裹性坏死walled-off necrosis （ WON ）感染性坏死infected necrosis复发性胰腺炎recurrent pancreatitis慢性胰腺炎chronic pancreatitis自身免疫性胰腺炎 autoimmune pancreatitisIgG4 相关性疾病IgG4-related disease胰管扩张pancreatic duct dilation胰腺囊性病变cystic lesions of the pancreas导管内乳头状粘液瘤intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm （IPMN ）浆液性囊腺瘤serous cystic neoplasm粘液性囊腺瘤mucinous cystic neoplasm实性假乳头状瘤solid pseudopapillary tumor胰腺分裂 pancreas divisum胰腺癌 pancreatic cancer壶腹癌 carcinoma of ampulla of vater六、胆道Oddi 括约肌功能障碍sphincter of Oddi dysfunction （SOD ）胆石症 gallstone disease胆绞痛 biliary pain急性胆囊炎acute cholecystitis慢性胆囊炎chronic cholecystitis胆总管结石choledocholithiasis胆管炎 cholangitis化脓性胆管炎suppurative cholangitisMirizzi 综合征Mirizzi ’ ssyndrome胆管恶性梗阻 malignant biliary stricture胆管癌 cholangiocarcinoma胆囊癌 gallbladder carcinoma不明原因的胆管狭窄 indeterminate biliary stricture胆管良性狭窄benign biliary strictures硬化性胆管炎sclerosing cholangitis原发性硬化性胆管炎primary sclerosing cholangitis七、肝脏肝硬化 cirrhosis门脉高压 portal hypertension血色病 hemochromatosis肝豆状核变性Wilson disease病毒性肝炎viral hepatitis甲型肝炎hepatitis A乙型肝炎hepatitis B丙型肝炎hepatitis C丁型肝炎hepatitis D戊型肝炎hepatitis E药物学肝损害drug-induced liver injury肝脓肿 liver abscess布加综合征Budd-Chiari syndrome门静脉血栓portal vein thrombosis肝小静脉闭塞症hepatic veno-occlusive disease缺血性肝炎ischemic hepatitis酒精性肝病alcoholic liver disease酒精性肝炎alcoholic hepatitis酒精性肝硬化alcoholic cirrhosis非酒精性脂肪性肝病 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 自身免疫性肝炎autoimmune hepatitis原发性胆汁性肝硬化primary bililary cirrhosis自发性细菌性腹膜炎 spontaneous bacterial peritonitis 肝性脑病 hepatic encephalopathy肝肾综合征hepatorenal syndrome肝肺综合征hepatopulmonary syndrome急性肝衰竭acute liver failure肝细胞癌hepatocellular carcinoma肝内胆管癌intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma肝囊肿 hepatic cysts海绵状血管瘤cavernous hemangioma八、解剖及内镜术语胃窦 antrum胃体body贲门 cardia胃底 fundus十二指肠duodenum肛门 anus直肠 rectum乙状结肠sigmoid colon降结肠 descending colon横结肠 transverse colon肝曲 hepatic flexure升结肠 ascending colon盲肠 cecum空肠 jejunum回肠 ileum末端回肠terminal ileum内镜下静脉曲张套扎术endoscopic variceal ligation内镜下静脉曲张硬化治疗endoscopic sclerotherapy组织胶治疗 cyanoacrylate injection therapy 注射治疗injection therapy内镜下黏膜切除术endoscopic mucosal resection （EMR ）内镜黏膜下剥离术endoscopic submucosal dissection （ESD ）息肉切除术 polypectomy内镜下扩张和支架置入术endoscopic dilation and stenting （stent placement ）经皮内镜下胃造痿术percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy （ PEG ）经口内镜下肌切开术peroral endoscopic myotomy （POEM ）超声内镜endoscopic ultrasound （ EUS ）内镜下逆彳亍胰胆管造影 endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography （ERCP ）胶囊内镜capsule endoscopy双气囊小肠镜double-balloon endoscopeV1.0 王晔 2017.2.1。

双重造影产气剂指南解读英文回答：Double-contrast barium enema (DCBE) is a diagnostic procedure used to examine the colon and rectum. It involves the use of a contrast agent, which is a substance that helps highlight the structures being examined. In DCBE, two types of contrast agents are used barium sulfate and air.Barium sulfate is a white, chalky substance that is mixed with water to form a liquid contrast agent. It is administered rectally using a tube. The barium coats the lining of the colon and rectum, making them visible on X-ray images. This allows the radiologist to detect any abnormalities or abnormalities such as polyps, tumors, or inflammation.Air is also introduced into the colon during a DCBE. This is done by inflating the colon with a small amount of air or carbon dioxide gas. The air helps to expand thecolon, allowing for better visualization of its inner lining. It also helps to separate the folds and creases of the colon, making it easier to identify any abnormalities.The combination of barium sulfate and air creates a double-contrast effect, enhancing the visibility of the colon and rectum on X-ray images. The barium coats theinner lining, while the air expands and separates the structures, providing a clear view.During the procedure, the patient may experience some discomfort or pressure as the barium and air are introduced into the colon. However, this is usually temporary and subsides once the procedure is complete. After the procedure, the patient may need to pass gas and have bowel movements to expel the barium and air from the body.DCBE is commonly used to screen for colorectal cancer, detect polyps or tumors, diagnose inflammatory bowel disease, and evaluate the cause of symptoms such as abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits, or rectal bleeding. It is a safe and effective procedure that can providevaluable information about the health of the colon and rectum.中文回答：双重造影钡灌肠（DCBE）是一种用于检查结肠和直肠的诊断性过程。

结肠癌危险因素的相关性分析【摘要】目的：对结肠癌的危险因素进行探讨及分析，从而为结肠癌的预防提供科学依据。

方法：收集延边大学附属医院269例病理学确诊的结肠癌患者作为病例组，随机抽取同期入院就诊的280例非肿瘤及代谢性疾病患者作为对照组，收集相关资料并进行研究。

结果：单因素分析发现，大量吸烟史、大量饮酒史、结肠癌家族史、结肠息肉病史、阑尾切除病史、经常食用油炸食品、经常食用水果蔬菜、奶制品及豆制品，经常体育锻炼（体力劳动）与结肠癌具有相关性。

Logistic 多因素回归分析发现，结肠癌家族史、结肠息肉病史、阑尾切除病史、经常食用油炸食品是结肠癌的危险因素，经常食用新鲜水果蔬菜、奶制品及豆制品，经常体育锻炼是结肠癌的保护因素。

结论：饮食结构、生活方式、结肠癌家族病史及相关病史等与结肠癌的发病具有相关性。

【Abstract】Objective：To investigate and analysis the risk factors of colon cancer in order to provide a scientific basis for the prevention of the disease. Methods： A case control study was performed. Retrospectively collected the information of 269 cases of colon cancer patients in Hospital of Yanbian University as case group and selected 280 cases of patients of no tumor and metabolic disease at the corresponding period as a control group. Results：Univariate analysis showed that history of heavy drinking、history of heavy smoking、family history of colon cancer、history of colon polyps、history of appendix resection、eating fried food、regular consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits、regular consumption of beans、milk and its products、regular physical exercise are related to colon cancer. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that family history of colon cancer、history of colon polyps、history of appendix resection、often eating fried food are the risk factors of colon cancer，regular consumption of fresh vegetables 、fruits、beans、milk and its products，regular physical exercise are the protect factors of colon cancer. Conclusion：Dietary habits、live styleand family history of colon cancer、history of relevant medical diseasesare the major influencing factors of colon cancer.【关键词】结肠癌危险因素 logistic回归[通讯作者]张媛延边大学附属医院消化内科延吉市 133000结肠癌作为一种恶性肿瘤严重威胁人类生命健康，据统计其发病率于各肿瘤中位居第三位，男性多见（男女比例 2～3：1），其死亡率在发达国家中明显高出。

胃食管反流病（gastroesophageal reflux disease GERD）是指胃，十二指肠内容物反流入食管引起的以反酸，烧心为主要特征的临床综合征。

癔球症（Hysterical ball disease ）癔球症是主观上有某种说不清楚的东西或团块，在咽底部环状软骨水平处引起胀满、受压或阻塞等不适感，此部的运动功能异常也被称为环咽部运动障碍，祖国医学称为“梅核气”。

普通人群中的一半可间歇性地有此感觉，但以绝经期女性多见。

患者在发病中多有精神因素，性格上有强迫观念反流性食管炎（Reflex esophagitis ,RE）是指因食管胃链接部防反流机制障碍而导致酸（碱）反流入食管引起食管粘膜的破坏。

巴来特食管（Barrett' esophagus, BE）是指食管下段粘膜的复层鳞状上皮被单层柱状上皮所替代的一种病理现象。

巴来特食管可发生消化性溃疡，称Barrett溃疡。

巴来特食管是食管腺癌的主要癌前病变。

食管胃黏膜异位症(heterotopic gastric mucosa in esophagus)是胃粘膜上皮长到食管粘膜表面，它是一种少见的先天性胚胎残余病变，可发生于食管的任何部位，以食管上段靠近咽喉部较多见。

发生于食管下端者多诊断为Barrett食管。

食管平滑肌瘤(esophageal leiomyoma )是起源于食管平滑肌的良性肿瘤，发生部位多见于食管中段，其次为下段，颈段罕见。

临床上大多数病变发生在壁间，其余可在腔内，外膜下及少数呈弥漫型，使食管肌层呈广泛瘤样增生。

食管粘膜下肿物（esophageal submucosal tumor SMT）是指起源于食管粘膜下层组织的肿瘤或其他炎性或解剖异常引起的肿块样病变。

食管乳头状瘤（esophageal papilomas EP）是来源于食管鳞状上皮组织的息肉样良性肿瘤增生。

食管颗粒细胞瘤（granular cell tumor）起源于神经细胞，以胞质内含有丰富的嗜伊红颗粒为特征。

C o LYour day-to-day guide for your colonoscopy test using CoLyte ®Please prepare yourself ahead of timePlease read through all of these instructions before starting to get ready for the procedure. If you have any questions about the instructions please call the ‘Ask a Question’ telephone number listed above.Before your colonoscopy Tell the doctor or nurse about any drug allergies or health issues you have.Write down all of the medications you take. Your list should includeprescriptions, over the counter medicine, such as Advil®, Aspirin®, iron supplements and herbal supplements. Be sure to include medicalmarijuana, strong painkillers (opioids), and tranquillizers such as Valium® and Xanax®. Make sure your nurse or doctor sees this list.Tell the nurse or doctor if you have any medical devices such as hearing aids, insulin pumps, pacemakers, defibrillators, home oxygen, and sleep apnea machines.Most medicine can be taken up to and on the day of your test. Do not take any medicine within the 2 hours before or after drinking the bowel prep solution.General points about your upcoming colonoscopyC o LDiabetic pills and or insulin, blood thinners, and antithrombotics (e.g.,Coumadin®, Plavix®, Pradaxa® and Xarelto®) are examples of medicinesthat might need to be adjusted or stopped .If you take these medicines talk to the nurse or doctor before your test.They will tell you if you need to stop or adjust any medicine before yourtest.If you start a new medicine between your pre-colonoscopy visit andthe date of your colonoscopy, it may make it unsafe for the test to bedone. Call the ‘Ask a Question’ telephone number listed on the firstpage before the day of your test to make sure it is OK to take.• You may choose whether or not you want to have sedation. Colonoscopies can be comfortable without medicine to help you relax(sedation). Some people can get cramps (pain). Many people do chooseto have sedation for the procedure.• If you do not want sedation, talk to your nurse or doctor on the day of your test. Make plans to have someone drive you home after the test,in case you end up asking for sedation so you can be more comfortable.• If you have sedation, you may not drive for at least 8 hours after you were given sedation. Sedation might make you sleepy. A responsibleadult is required to take you home after the test. The driver will needto come into the department where you are having your colonoscopydone to pick you up. Do not drive, or take a taxi or bus by yourself toget home.• If you don’t have plans for someone to go home with you, you can eitherreschedule your test by calling the ‘Ask a Question’ telephone numberlisted on the first page or choose to have the test without sedation.Make arrangements for getting home after the testC o LThe most important thing you can do for your colonoscopy to be asuccess is to have your bowel prepared properly. The colon must becleaned out so that the bowel wall and any polyps or growths can beseen. If the bowel is not cleaned out, polyps or other growths mightnot be seen. Then the test will have to be done again.The bowel is prepared by drinking a bowel preparation (prep) solutionthat is a very strong laxative. Drinking it will cause you to have looseand watery stool (diarrhea). Be sure to drink plenty of clear fluids aswell as the bowel prep solution , so that your body doesn’t lose a lot of water and become dehydrated.If you need to travel more than 2 hours to get to the facility ask abouthaving your appointment later in the day.Buy at a pharmacy or drugstore:• A 4 litre bottle of the bowel preparation (prep) solution CoLyte®. The drugstore may have other solutions in 4 litre bottles named PegLyte®or GoLYTELY®. You can use any of these.• Clear fluids such as Gatorade® or clear broth. Do not drink anything that is red, purple or blue. Do not drink only water . Read page 5 fora list of what you can drink.• You may want to get baby wipes and or barrier cream for anysoreness you get from repeated trips to the bathroom.• CoLyte® does not require a prescription, but you will have to ask thepharmacist for it.Preparing your bowel No later than 5 days before your testC o LPlease start eating low-fibre foods and keep eatingthem until 1 day before your colonoscopy test.4 days before your testKeep eating the low-fibre diet.2 days before your testDo not eat • Nuts and seeds.• Popcorn.• Oatmeal.• Dried fruit.• Raw fruits and vegetables. • Beans, lentils, and quinoa.• Whole wheat or high fibre bread. • Whole wheat or whole grain cereal or pasta.• Cooked orsteamedvegetables.• White bread,white pasta and white rice.• Canned fruit.• Dairy products like plain yogurt or cheese.• Eggs.• Chicken, beef,pork, fish, tofu, or smooth nut butters.Low-fibre foods that are OK to eat:C o L y t e ®Things to do “1 day before your test” continue on next page1 day Before 10 am • Red, purple, or blue fluids• Milk products or substitutes such as soy, almond, or goat’s milk• Meal replacements like Boost® or Ensure®• AlcoholPlease do not drink Iced tea, tea or coffee without milk or milk substitutes like Coffee-mate®Clear pulp-free fruit juices like apple, white grape, white cranberry or lemonade Sports drinks: Gatorade®, Powerade®Clear broth or bouillonJell-O®,juice popsicles Kool-Aid®ginger ale, Sprite®, 7-Up®, water, and coconut water Clear fluids that are OK to drinkC o LContinues from previous page: 1 day before your testC o L1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 The day of your test5 hours before the time you were told to be at the facility Drink the last 2 litres of the CoLyte® solution within 2 hours. Drink 1 glass, about 250 mL (8 ounces) every 15 minutes. Depending on the time you need to arrive for your test, you might have to get upearly to do this. For example, if you were told to come at 10 am, startdrinking the solution at 5 am.If you have loose, watery stools after drinking 2 to 3 litres, it doesn’tmean that you can stop drinking the solution. There could still besolid stool in your large bowel. Make sure you drink all 4 litres of thesolution .Keep drinking clear fluids before and after drinking the solution sothat you do not become dehydrated.12 3 4 5 6 7 8Keep track of the CoLyte® you drink the day of your test by checking off each glass after you drink it.•••Do not eat anythingC o L2 hours before the time you were told to be at the facilityWhen the last 2 litres of the solution is working, your stool should beliquid. It should be yellow and clear, like urine. If it does not look like this, call the ‘Ask a Question’ telephone number listed on the first page as they may give your further instructions.Check your stool Stop drinking anything 2 hours before the time you were told to be at the facility.If you have to take any prescription medicine within the 2 hoursbefore arriving at the facility, you can take it with a sip of water, unless you have been told something different.Please be at the reception desk at the time written on the first page of these instructions.You should plan to be at the facility for about 2 to 3 hours. Do not make plans for the rest of the day in case your test is delayed. Your patience is appreciated as sometimes these delays are unexpected. A nurse will take you into another area, where you will change into a hospital gown. The nurse will review the medicine you take, any allergies you have, and check your blood pressure and pulse.If you have questions about your colonoscopy ask the nurse or doctor before your procedure.An intravenous (IV) will be started in a vein in your hand or arm.If you are having sedation medicine it will be given through the IV. The colonoscopy is done by your doctor and usually takes 20 to 45 minutes.•••••••When you arrivefor your colonoscopyC o LThe results of your colonoscopy will be reviewed with you after yourtest. If no polyps are found you will be told when to have your next screening test.If polyps are found it is important that you make an appointment with your family doctor to review the results and find out what follow up is needed.You will be given colonoscopy discharge instructions after your procedure.You can go back to work the next day.You can start to eat your normal diet after the colonoscopy.It is not a good idea to plan air travel or long-distance travel within 2 weeks of your colonoscopy. You may not be covered by your travel insurance if you have a complication from your colonoscopy and are out of the province or country. Please check with your travel insurance provider.•••After the test At home •••C o LC o LSummaryRead all instructions before starting to get ready for the procedureC o L Facilities may use this page to attach additional patient information such as maps。

色氨酸在机体内的代谢过程李宁;彭燮【摘要】色氨酸作为畜禽的必需氨基酸必须由饲粮提供.色氨酸除了作为机体蛋白质的组成部分以外,还是重要的神经递质血清素的合成前体物质,也可合成犬尿氨酸作为中间产物参与复杂的代谢通路,最终以烟酸、二氧化碳、喹啉和黄尿酸的终产物形式呈现.文章主要论述色氨酸在机体内的代谢过程以及相关代谢产物在机体内的功能作用.【期刊名称】《饲料博览》【年(卷),期】2019(000)004【总页数】4页(P15-18)【关键词】色氨酸;机体;代谢【作者】李宁;彭燮【作者单位】汉中市动物疾病预防控制中心,陕西汉中723000;四川农业大学动物营养研究所,成都611130【正文语种】中文【中图分类】S816.11色氨酸在机体内的代谢主要通过两条途径：犬尿氨酸途径和5-羟色胺途径，第3条代谢途径主要是通过肠道微生物提供，生成色氨酸衍生物被肠道吸收。

犬尿氨酸途径是代谢所吸收的色氨酸的主导路径，＞95%的色氨酸通过此途径代谢，剩余的通过5-羟色胺途径，而这其中有一小部分色氨酸在小肠中没被吸收，可以在大肠微生物的作用下而发生降解[1-2]。

色氨酸在不同的组织中代谢发挥着不同的生理功能。

肝脏通过降解摄入的过多色氨酸调节色氨酸的稳态。

色氨酸通过免疫细胞降解生成犬尿氨酸在感染、炎症和怀孕过程中发挥重要的免疫调节作用，同时色氨酸可以在肠道和大脑中生成血清素来调节情绪障碍的敏感性。

5-羟色胺途径引起了极大关注，因为其可以产生很多生物活性物质。

色氨酸可以沿着这条路径生成血清素，作为大脑中的神经递质，肠道的旁分泌和内分泌信号，血小板的旁分泌信号和血管收缩剂[3-4]。

血清素也可以通过内分泌和其他细胞转换成褪黑素[5]。

犬尿氨酸途径在肝脏中色氨酸2，3-双加氧酶催化下反应，当日粮中维生素供应不足的情况下可以生成烟酸（VB3）。

然而，现在许多的犬尿氨酸代谢物有着自己的生物学活性作用，可以作为大脑的神经递质（犬尿酸、喹啉酸），作为信号分子参与免疫功能（3-羟基犬尿氨酸、3-羟基-2-氨基苯甲酸和喹啉酸）[6]。