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Book 1, Unit 81. The sun _____ from behind the clouds.A) emerged B) immersedC) existed D) embraced2. I haven’t read the report properly --- I’ve only _____ into it.A) dined B) dimmedC) dipped D) dripped3. Her achievement was more _____ in that she had come from such a remote area.A) popular B) famousC) remarkable D) understandable4. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, ____ obtaining water is not the least.A) for which B) to whichC) of which D) in which5. There may be a(n) ____ of truth in this idea, disagreeable though it may seem.A) element B) factorC) advantage D) concept6. I’d like to _____ a seat for the New Year’s Concert.A) preserve B) serveC) conserve D) reserve7. The story that follows ______ two famous characters of the Rocky Mountain gold rush days.A) concretes B) concernsC) proclaims D) relates8. He _____ the good chance to present his proposal to the director, and at last, it wasadopted.A) realized B) seizedC) delivered D) released9. They _____ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.A) carried out B) carried offC) carried on D) carried forward10. Which sport has the most expensive training equipment, _____ players’ personalequipment and uniforms?A) in place of B) in terms ofC) by means of D) by way of11. Polar explorers have to be extremely _____ to endure the climate and otherhardships.A) rough B) giantC) progressive D) tough12. The librarian is _____ for all the books in the library.A) dutiful B) responsibleC) confident D) secure13. After answering an telephone from her boyfriend, she _____ herself to read abook.A) imposed B) composedC) transferred D) transformed14. Although he was getting on in years, his experience gave him a(n) _____ over hisrival.A) priority B) benefitC) profit D) advantage15. I am firmly _____ that this plan would do much good to our company.A) composed B) convincedC) recognized D) satisfied16. When talking about China, people often _____ it with the Great Wall.A) think B) associateC) imagine D) assist17. I’m sure he is up to the job ______ he would give his mind to it.A) if only B) in caseC) until D) unless18. I’ve _____ a lot of time and effort in this plan, and I don’t want it to fail.A) invented B) invitedC) invested D) involved19. A small terrorist group has ___________ responsibility for the bombing inBaghdad.A) claimed B) acclaimedC) exclaimed D) reclaimed20. For the currency to keep _____, the government has to adopt some strong measures.A) concrete B) fertileC) productive D) stable21. _____ your advice, I have decided to read the article once more.A) Acting as B) Acting uponC) Acting for D) Acting up22. We are doing this work in the _____ of reforms in the economic, social andcultural spheres.A) context B) contestC) pretext D) texture23. The meeting was in full ______ (活跃) when we arrived.A) rock B) swingC) swim D) sway24. Now the patient can _____ from the wheelchair to the seat with relative freedom.A) transport B) transplantC) transact D) transfer25. In human friendship an important _____ is “forgive and forget”.A) principal B) primaryC) principle D) chiefly26. The republication of the poet’s most recent works wi ll certainly _____ his nationalreputation.A) magnify B) enlargeC) enhance D) strengthen27. Important people don’t often have much free time as their work _____ all theirtime.A) takes away B) takes overC) takes up D) takes in28. With everything being ready, it is time to _____ our new plan _____.A) set … aside B) set … outC) set … in motion D) set … down29. While nuclear weapons present grave _____ dangers, the predominant crisis ofoverpopulation is with us today.A) inevitable B) constantC) overwhelming D) potential30. Mobile telecommunications _____ is expected to double in Shanghai this year as aresult of a contract signed between the two companies.A) possession B) potentialC) capacity D) impactUnit 101. Drug taking has become a major _____ in sports.A) issue B) viewC) argument D) case2. A lot of people find _____ art very difficult to understand.A) contemporary B) contentC) conscious D) consistent3. Philip was seized with a restlessness he could not account _______.A) of B) onC) about D) for4. The lecture was rather boring, but the _____ discussion on it proved fruitful.A) subsequent B) consequentC) latter D) successive5. When you buy the spare parts for your car, try to get the _____ ones from the authorized dealer.A) generous B) genuineC) genius D) gentle6. If you want to know the times of buses, please _____ at the office.A) require B) inspireC) inquire D) acquire7. Careful planning and hard work will _____ our final success.A) enclose B) ensureC) discharge D) deny8. The police have not yet found a possible _____ for the attack on the man.A) example B) understandingC) motive D) principle9. We need to ______ the purpose of the experiment again.A) clarify B) clingC) claim D) clap10. Only an artist could _____ the fine shades of color in the painting.A) polish B) purchaseC) perceive D) pursue11. Polar explorers have to be extremely _____ to endure the climate and otherhardships.A) rough B) giantC) progressive D) tough12. The librarian is _____ for all the books in the library.A) dutiful B) responsibleC) confident D) secure13. Could you be more specific about what is _____ this particular job?A) involved with B) concerned aboutC) involved in D) concerned in14. The d etective made a _____ search of the suspect’s house.A) whole B) thoroughC) deep D) solid15. Many years ago, a lot of factories were ______ from big cities to the mountainousareas in case of war.A) transferred B) transformedC) transmitted D) transported16. I am _____ to believe that he won’t come back to see his wife again.A) inclined B) puzzledC) accompanied D) performed17. This movie has a ______ ending. You can not imagine who will be killed finally.A) dramatic B) originalC) considerable D) temple18. The committee will suggest ways to _____ historically important buildings in thedowntown area.A) preserve B) reserveC) deserve D) observe19. Scientific discoveries are often ______ industrial production.A) applied to B) applied forC) used to D) used for20. They have always regarded a man of _____ and fairness as a reliable friend.A) robustness B) temperamentC) integrity D) compactness21.The people who objected to the new approach were told that since work hadalready started there was no point in _____.A) denying B) upsettingC) protesting D) competing22. He _____ to his customers and halved the price.A) leaked B) drewC) quoted D) yielded23. Doctors are often caught in a _____ because they have to decide whether theyshould tell their patients the truth or not.A) puzzle B) dilemmaC) perplexity D) bewilderment24. The industrial spy was about to hand _____the confidential papers to the foreignagent when he was caught.A) out B) overC) back D) down25. Do not _____ on the exam. It will do you no good.A) cheat B) botherC) trick D) deceive26. Although he was on a diet, the food ____him enormously.A) inspired B) temptedC) overcame D) encouraged27. Please don’t _____ too much on the painful memories. Everything will be all right.A) hesitate B) lingerC) retain D) dwell28. During the famine, many people were _____to eating grass and leaves.A) obliged B) inclinedC) reduced D) forced29. Many of the families do not have ______ to health care.A) excess B) processC) success D) access30. Most people found it hard to believe that such a seemingly _____ man shouldhave done that wicked thing.A) respectable B) respectfulC) respecting D) respectiveBook 2, unit 11. The government has devoted a larger slice of its financial ____ to agriculture than most other countries.A) conditions B) potentialC) budget D) economy2. The long drought caused a(n) ____ shortage of water in this region.A) urgent B) acuteC) dense D) rigid3. Many in the credit industry expect that credit cards will eventually ____ paper money for almost every purchase.A) trade B) replaceC) exchange D) reduce4. The history of life on earth has been a history of ____ between living things and their surroundings.A) introduction B) interviewC) interference D) interaction5. Don’t have him for a friend. He’s ____ a criminal.A) anything but B) but forC) rather than D) nothing but6. I’ve seen Donna in lots of movies, but I’ve never seen her ____.A) in person B) in realityC) in practice D) in theory7. The Democratic and Republican parties hold ____ every four years to choose candidates for President.A) concessions B) conservationsC) conversations D) conventions8. The annual income of one school teacher in this place was ____ at $900 on average.A) budgeted B) predictedC) assessed D) accounted9. Reading is a pleasant way to spend one’s ____.A) leisure B) relaxationC) relief D) recreation10. If you want to learn English well, you must first find a ____ teacher.A) able B) favorableC) significant D) competent11. Jane was the only one who ____ all the conditions: she was of the required age, height and degree.A) recovered B) fulfilledC) completed D) contended12. In the United Nations, many countries ____ the proposal to send more troops to the Middle East.A) turned down B) turned upC) turned off D) turned over13. There are several characteristics of the book ____ special attention.A) worthy B) worthy ofC) worth of D) worthless14. The consumption market in the western provinces will grow rapidly, ____ the market in the affluent (富饶的) eastern area is likely to grow at a moderate pace.A) nevertheless B) thereforeC) whereas D) consequently15. What one wears does not always ____ what one does but gives clues to one’s taste for life.A) go on B) go withC) go by D) go after16. It is ____ and encouraging to observe the development of this immense process.A) distressing B) incredibleC) amused D) fascinating17. It is reported that the two armies ____ near the borderline again before dawn.A) clashed B) crushedC) crashed D) flashed18. The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her ____ attitude toward customers.A) serious B) mildC) hostile D) plain19. I am very much ____ to hear that Mr. Smith is so seriously ill.A) frightened B) frustratedC) disappointed D) distressed20. Louis Herman, at the University of Hawaii, has ____ a series of new experiments to determine the intelligence in some animals.A) installed B) formattedC) devised D) equipped21. There is supposed to be a ____ which serves to give full play to workers’ initiative.A) mechanics B) machineC) mechanic D) mechanism22. We should make a clear ____ between the two scientific terms for the purpose of our discussion.A) separation B) selectionC) distinction D) division23. My camera can be ____ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.A) treated B) adjustedC) adopted D) remedied24. It is highly desirable that every effort ____ to reduce pollution in Beijing.A) was made B) be madeC) will be made D) would be made25. After a thorough search, the police ____ most of the missing jewels.A) restored B) refreshedC) returned D) recovered26. The shy girl always left by the back door to ____ her neighbors.A) ignore B) neglectC) rid D) avoid27. I would appreciate ____ it a secret.A) your keeping B) you to keepC) that you keep D) that you will keep28. No matter what language they are learning children all seem to follow the same order in the ____ of sounds.A) inheritance B) acquisitionC) accumulation D) possession29. He came to the meeting ____ her serious illness.A) in case of B) in spite ofC) instead of D) on account of30. After she’d overc ome her ____ shyness, she became very comfortable and friendly.A) preliminary B) previousC) crucial D) initialBOOK 1Unit 8 1-10 ACCCA DBBCB11-20 DBBDB BACAD21-30 BABDC CCCCCUnit 10 1-15 AADAB CBCAC DBCBA16-30 AAAAC CDBBA BDCDABOOK 2Unit 11-15 CBBDDADCAD BABCB16-30 DACDC DCBBD DABBD。
Unit5Active reading (1)Language points1 It was snowing heavily … not just to track down the last-minute presents, but to escape the bittercold … (Para 1)To track down means to find something or someone after a long search.At Christmas many people give a lot of thought to find the right gift and buy presents well in advance,others wait and buy something at the last opportunity on Dec 24th to buy the last-minute presents.A place in society Unit 51572 He was not yet enjoying the Christmas spirit ... albeit a working dinner at Joanne’s. (Para 2)The word albeit is used for introducing a comment that slightly changes or reduces the effect of a previousremark, like even if it is / although …3 He was from a hard-working family in upstate Virginia … (Para 2)The word upstate means the place is in the northern part of a particular state in the US.4 But his demeanor concealed a Harvard law degree and an internship in DC witha congressman, ajunior partnership in a New York law firm, along with a razor-sharp intellect and an ability to thinkon his feet. (Para 2)Partnership refers to the position of being one of two or more people who own a company as partners.A junior partner is a newer or younger partner who has less responsibility or fewer shares than a seniorpartner.A razor-sharp intellect is a very intelligent mind, which is quick to think and react; it is as sharp as a razor.The ability to think on one’s feet means being able to think quickly in unexpected situations.5 Senator Rogers was a Democrat … who knew Capitol Hill inside out but who had neverthelessmanaged to keep her credibility with her voters as a Washington outsider. (Para 3)To know something inside out means to know something very well.A Washington outsider refers to someone who is outside the central groups or members of political circlesin Washington and is therefore possibly independent.Senator Rogers was in her third term of office (ie she had been a senator for at least eight years) and sheknew the Senate and the government institutions in Washington thoroughly. Still, she had kept an imagewith voters that she was an outsider (ie she had not been affected negatively by knowing Washington toowell or by becoming too much like other politicians).6 She was pro-abortion, anti-corruption, pro-low carbon emissions andanti-capital punishment, asfine a progressive liberal as you could find this side of the Atlantic. (Para 3)The prefix pro- means in favour of something or someone. The prefix anti- means against. Pro-abortion,anti-corruption, pro-low carbon emissions and anti-capital punishment, all of these examples have beenseen as important political issues in the US, which are debated in political campaigns and thereforepoliticians are generally expected to take a position on them. For example, Senator Rogers was in favourof reducing carbon emissions – the output of CO2 into the atmosphere, because she was aware of thenegative effect of high emissions on climate change.A progressive liberal is someone who believes in social or political change if most people want it,especially change that makes a system fairer.The expression this side of the Atlantic refers to North America. The other side of the Atlantic would be inEurope, and vice versa for speakers in Europe.7 It was election time in the following year, and the word was she was going to run for the Democraticnomination. (Para 3)The expression the word was means there was s ome talk that …, or people were saying that …Unit 5 A place in society158The Democratic nomination here refers to the official approval of a candidate for the president bythe Democratic party. The nomination takes place officially during the Democratic convention beforea presidential election campaign. Up to that point, there are candidates who run or compete for thenomination, later the Presidential candidates run for President. There are parallel processes in theRepublican party.8 He’d never been to Joanne’s … which had often been maligned, or its jazz orchestra, which had aguest slot for a well-known movie director who played trumpet, but because of the stellar qualityof its sophisticated guests: politicians, diplomats, movie actors,hall-of-fame athletes, journalists,writers, rock stars and Nobel Prize winners – in short, anyone who was anyone in this city of powerbrokers. (Para 4)To malign means to say unpleasant things about something or someone, usually unfairly.A guest slot refers to a guest appearance as a particular occasion in a series of performances orprogrammes.The expression anyone who is anyone means any really important person or someone with a well-knownname.Power brokers are the people who control or influence which people get political power in an area.The sentence means he knew the reputation of the restaurant for its famous guests; its reputation was notfor its food or live music (which included a jazz orchestra in which a famous film director sometimesplayed). The guests included politicians, diplomats, actors, journalists, writers, musicians and scientists –anyone who is well-known in Washington, a city in which many people are powerful or influential in thegovernment.9 Inside, the restaurant was heaving with people. (Para 5)The expression heaving with people means crowds of people are pushing and pulling, moving up anddown.10 “Good evening Miss Bacall, good evening Mr Hanks,” and clicked his fingers to summon anotherwaiter to show them to their table. (Para 8)Miss Bacall and Mr Hanks may be oblique references to film stars Lauren Bacall and Tom Hanks.To click one’s fingers means to make a noise with one’s fingers as a signal to summon or call someone.11 The head waiter blinked, and swallowed hard. (Para 22)To blink means to close and open one’s eyes quickly. Here, this shows surprise.To swallow hard means to make a movement in the throat as if swallowing food. Here this showsembarrassment – Alberto realized he has made a mistake.12 In a classless society, Rogers was the closest thing to aristocracy that America had. (Para 23)America has a reputation for being classless, ie it doesn’t have such social classes as European countriesare supposed to have. This means that there are no people like aristocrats, but Senator Rogers was sodistinguished that she seemed like an aristocrat, or very nearly an aristocrat.13 Alberto hovered for a moment, then went to speak to a colleague. (Para 23) To hover means to wait or stay for a moment while somebody decides what to do. This shows that he orshe is unsure for the moment.A place in society Unit 5159Reading and understanding2 Answer the questions.1 Where and when is the story set?The story is set in Joanne’s, a famous restaurant in New York on Christmas Eve.2 Who is Josh?Josh is a smart, hard-working lawyer in his early thirties. He is anAfrican-American.3 Why does he go to Joanne’s?He has an appointment at Joanne’s.4 Who is Jo Rogers?Jo Rogers is a senior Senator in Washington and a well-known person in America.5 How does the head waiter greet Josh?He greets Josh very badly. He has a disdainful, superior attitude towards Josh and behaves rudely.6 Where does he eventually seat him?At the back of the restaurant, close to the bathroom, near a half-opened window through which an icybreeze is blowing.7 What does everyone do when Jo arrives?Everybody becomes silent and turns to look at her and greets her with silent applause.8 What suggestion does the head waiter make?He suggests that they should sit at a better table in the middle of the restaurant, from which she can seeeverybody, or everybody can see her.9 Does Jo accept the invitation?No, she says the waiter brought her friend to that table, so they will stay there.3 Choose the best summary of the passage.Teaching tipsAsk Ss to give reasons why the other two summaries are not the best ones. Please see comments below.1 It’s Christmas time, and a young man comes into a very busy restaurant. The head waiter shows him to atable by an open window. A little later a well-known politician comes in and says she is dining with theyoung man. The head waiter suggests moving them both to a more comfortable table, but the politiciandeclines the offer, saying that she’s happy to stay there if her friend is happy there too.Comment: It summarizes some of the points. But the final sentence is wrong: The Senator doesn’t giveany conditions about staying at the table, she just says they will stay where the waiter seated her friend.2 A well-known politician arranges a meeting with a young man. She wants him to help her in her electioncampaign to become US President. They arrange to meet in a crowded restaurant, where they can speakinformally. The waiter doesn’t recognize the young man, and seats him at the worst table in the room,but when the politician arrives he realizes his mistake, as he knows the two need to be comfortable todiscuss politics.Comment: This is partially wrong and fails to capture the main idea, they arrange to meet at Joanne’sbecause it is a famous restaurant.Unit 5 A place in society1603 When a young black man arrives in a crowded and expensive restaurant, the head waiter makes him sitin the least comfortable place, even though a table has been booked for him and a “Ms Rogers”. WhenMs Rogers arrives, the waiter realizes that she is a well-known politician; and Ms Rogers realizes thather friend has been treated badly because of the colour of his skin. The waiter realizes his mistake too,and tries to make up for it, but it is too late.Comments: This is the best summary because it captures the main point about the treatment of Josh.The passage does not actually state that he was treated badly because of thecolour of his skin, but it isimplied and in the context it is likely to be the point of the story. Dealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.Teaching tips• To vary the way of doing the activity, ask Ss to work in pairs. Student A randomly picks a word in thebox and asks Student B about the meaning. Student B listens and finds the appropriate answer amongthe definitions. The point is that Ss should interact with each other. For example:A: Can you tell me the meaning of “sophisticated”?B: Yes, just a moment … it means knowing and understanding a lot about a complicated subject.That’s No 3.A: OK, thanks. (writes 3 beside the word)• In order to give the class an example, T may ask one pair to repeat the dialogue to the class. Theyshould try to speak fluently.1 money or goods that you give to an organization, especially one that helps people (donation)2 involving or done with a lot of energy, effort, attention etc (intense)3 knowing and understanding a lot about a complicated subject (sophisticated)4 supporting social and political change that aims to make a system fairer (progressive)5 capable of doing something in a satisfactory or effective way (competent)6 a new member of a company or an organization, especially someone who has recently joined (recruit)7 to deliberately make someone feel frightened, especially so that they will do what you want (intimidate)8 to experience or deal with something, especially a problem (encounter)5 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.There are two big political parties in the United States: the Republican party, which is traditionallythe more conservative of the two, and the Democratic party, which is said to be more (1) progressive.One of the most interesting and (2) intense moments in American political life is the election campaignwhich comes before the presidential elections. Both parties need a lot of money to pay for the campaign,for which they rely on (3) donations made by individuals and organizations. Theyalso need a lot of new(4) recruits to work on the campaign. These people are usually young, intelligent and hard-working,(5) competent in their jobs and not easily (6) intimidated, since they are likely to (7) encounter a lot ofproblems which have to be resolved quickly. But they also need to be highly (8) sophisticated, to beable to understand what the American people want, and to communicate with them through the style andorganization of the election campaign.A place in society Unit 5161Additional activityWhen Ss have completed Activity 5, ask them to work in pairs and prepare a brief presentation forCultural Encounters, a slot in a Chinese TV show which gives insights into other cultures around theworld. Each pair should discuss and think of an interesting way to present the information in Activity 5, eg tomake it an interview, a conversation, or a monologue to the camera. Ss will need to introduce the informationand make conclusions using their own words. Choose one or two pairs to make presentations. For example:A: And now it’s time for Cultural Encounters, a brief look at cultures around the world. Today we sharesome insights into election campaigns in the US … I am with Miss Xie who is from Washington DC,the city at the heart of American politics. So, Miss Xie, can you tell us about the two main politicalparties?B: Yes. There are two big political parties ...A: And what about the election campaigns?B: The election campaigns are certainly one of the most interesting and intense moments in Americanpolitical life ...A: And I gather the parties use volunteer recruits?...A: Well, that’s all for now. Thank you very much, Miss Xie. Please join us again next time for CulturalEncounters when we will be taking a look at the Brazilian carnival in Rio de Janeiro …6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to makeother changes.1 She’s a pleasant young woman, who is always very good company. (agreeable) She’s an agreeable young woman, who is always very good company.2 I’m afraid the reasons he gave me for not coming to the meeting were silly and unreasonabe. (laughable)3 It is important to fight dishonest and illegal behaviour by officials. (corruption)4 It’s freezing out here, I’m shaking with cold. (shivering)5 You might find someone to help you in the office, but I’m not sure. (doubtful)6 The attendant moved his shoulders up to suggest that he didn’t know the answer. (shrugged)7 Don’t be so annoyed because the service is slow, you won’t miss your flight. (impatient)8 The sound of people clapping at the end of the Senator’s speech lasted for five minutes. (applause)7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.Teaching tipsAs an efficient way to go over the answer, choose nine Ss and assign each one a number. Each studentthen gives the answer in the form of a complete sentence. T just calls out the numbers and say nothingunless there is a problem.1 If you track down something, do you (a) find it, or (b) lose it after a long search?2 Does someone who thinks on their feet make decisions (a) quickly, or (b) slowly?3 If you know something inside out, do you know it (a) only in part, or (b) very well?4 If you are in the running for a job, do you have (a) some chance, or (b) no chance of being chosen?5 Is a hall-of-fame athlete someone who will be (a) quickly forgotten, or (b) remembered for a long time?6 If the market is heaving with people, (a) is there a crowd of people there, or (b) are there not manypeople there?Unit 5 A place in society1627 If you summon someone, do you want them to (a) come to see you immediately, or (b) go away?8 If you refrain from doing something, do you (a) do it, or (b) not do it?9 If there is a flurry of activity, do a lot of things happen (a) all at once, or (b) over a long period of time?Active reading (2) Language points1 The company sent one of their engineers … where he was introduced to a small Saudi engineeringfirm … (Para 1)The word Saudi is the adjective about the country of Saudi Arabia, used to describe the people and relatedmatters, but not the language. Its language is Arabic, spoken as the major language in the Middle East andNorth Africa.2 This annoyed Johan nesson and his superiors … but the Saudis wanted the intermediary to be there.(Para 1)An intermediary is a go-between (Para 4, Line 6), someone who talks to each of the people or groupsinvolved in business or other matters, usually passing information from one to the other or trying topersuade them to agree with each other. So this person mediates between them.3 Just when Johannesson’s superiors started to doubt the wisdom of the corporation’s investment inthese expensive trips, a telex arrived from Riyadh ... (Para 2)To doubt the wisdom means people are not at all sure about the judgment or decision.4 When he came to Riyadh it appeared that the conflict was over a minor issue and could easily beresolved … (Para 3)A conflict could be resolved. Apart from resolving a conflict, other collocations worth noting are thatconflicts can be solved, settled or handled. Problems can lead to, create or provoke conflicts or become asource of conflict, and conflicts might be avoided, averted or prevented. Unit 5 A place in society1685 This is known in cultural anthropology as the extended family. (Para 5) The extended family is usually the wider family members of a married couple and children, withgrandparents and perhaps uncles, aunts and in-laws who live together or are in regular contact. The nuclearfamily (Para 6, Line 9) is a married couple and their children only, in the classical definition in sociology.6 The “we” group is distinct from other people in society who belong to “they” groups, of which thereare many. The “we” group (or in-group) is the major source of one’s identity …(Para 5)The in-group is the “we” group to which people feel they belong to first for their identity. Thecomplementary group is the out-group or the “they” group to which the in-group may sometimes beopposed, or at other times the in-group is just a tighter group within many larger out-groups.Reading and understanding3 Choose the best answer to the questions.1 Who was Johannesson?(a) A businessman with good contacts in Saudi Arabia.(b) An engineer who lived in Saudi Arabia.(c) An engineer working for a Swedish company.(d) A 30-year-old Swede with a British university degree.2 Why was he sent to Saudi Arabia?(a) To work for a Saudi engineering firm.(b) To work on a project funded by the Saudi government.(c) To take the place of a Swedish engineer who was already there.(d) To learn about Saudi customs and traditions.3 Why wasn’t he happy about the meet ings with the Saudis?(a) The Saudis spent too much time laughing and joking.(b) The trips to Saudi Arabia were long and tiring.(c) The Saudi brothers didn’t speak good English.(d) Another Swedish man was always present.4 What happened after the contract was signed?(a) Johannesson lost his job with the Swedish corporation.(b) The Swedish businessman returned to Sweden.(c) The attitude of the Saudis towards Johannesson changed.(d) The Swedish corporation stopped doing business in Saudi Arabia.5 Why was Johannesson sent to work in a different division?(a) As a reward for getting the contract with the Saudis.(b) Because he wasn’t suited to work with the Saudis.(c) Because he had become too friendly with the Saudis.(d) Because he had got too frustrated by the experience in Saudi Arabia.6 Why was he asked to return to Saudi Arabia?(a) The corporation wanted him to start a new project.(b) There was a lot of new work to do so two people were needed.(c) The engineer who replaced Johannesson fell ill and had to go home.(d) The Saudis trusted only Johannesson to sort out a small problem.A place in society Unit 51694 Work in pairs and answer the questions.1 Why don’t Saudis like doing business with a company?They want to work with an individual that they know and trust.2 Which type of group is a company: a “we” group or a “they” group?A company is a “they” group unless it is a small company.3 What type of family is there in a collectivist society?Families in co llectivist societies are usually “extended”, ie they consist of a larger number of peopleliving closely together.4 How does an in-group give people protection from the hardships of life? By being a focus of loyalty and through the help that members give to each other.5 In what type of society is there nuclear family?In individualist societies.6 Why aren’t people supposed to be dependent on a group in an individualist society?They are supposed to be able to stand on their own feet.Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 support that you always give to someone or something because of your feelings of duty and lovetowards them (loyalty)2 to give someone the ability or opportunity to do something (enable)3 a company that sells the same goods or services as another company (competitor)4 a written legal agreement between two people or businesses that says what each must do for the other orgive to the other (contract)5 the control and operation of a business or organization (management)6 money used in a way that may earn you more money (investment)6 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.A Does your company do a lot of business abroad?B Yes, it does. We’ve recently signed a number of (1) contracts in the Middle East.A So you’re making a major (2) investment in that area?B Yes, we are. We also have a lot of (3) competitors in our line of business, so it won’t be easy.A Have you ever thought of working for one of them?B Not really, I’ve got a certain amount of (4) loyalty to my own company. I think that I’ve been treatedrather well by the (5) management. And if things go well, the new project I’m working on should(6) enable me to get promotion quite quickly.Additional activityActing on the radioWhen Ss have completed the activity, tell them it is time to perform as radio broadcasters. Ask them toread the whole conversation in pairs with as much fluency as they can, like reading a radio script. Later,Unit 5 A place in society170after Ss have practised for a short time, ask one pair to perform to the class. T has to introduce theirperformance as an extract from a radio script. Finally, ask the class for any comments: Did it sound like aradio broadcast? How could the actors improve their reading?7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box. You mayneed to make other changes.1 These 2,000 words form the most basic part of the English language. (core)2 Some British people think belonging to the European Union is vital to the UK’s national interests.(membership)Some British people think membership of the European Union is vital to the UK’s national interests.3 The process of sending the books may take up to two weeks. (delivery)The delivery of the books may take up to two weeks.4 They said they would cancel the contract if they weren’t paid by next Thursday. (threatened)They threatened to cancel the contrac t if they weren’t paid by next Thursday.5 Can’t you see the positive side? You always spend time talking about the bad things. (dwell on)6 Your inner strength will enable you to overcome life’s obstacles. (prevail over)Additional activityVocabulary challengeThis activity aims to encourage Ss to use the words in Activity 5 and Activity 7 productively. Ask Ss towork in pairs and think about the words in the box. Ask them to make one sentence that includes all thewords in the box. After a brief period of time, ask a few pairs to tell the class their examples. The classlisten to each example carefully and check whether all the six words are used. Finally, the class decidewhich is the best sentence and might be said in the appropriate context – thismeans Ss have to imagine apossible context. And ask some Ss to repeat the best sentence.Example 1 (Activity 5):Several competitors all wanted the contract, but the management felt particular loyalty to just oneinvestment company so they enabled that company to win the contract. Example 2 (Activity 5):Personally, I don’t think you should enable your friend to make an investment just because of loyalty toa company with bad management; rather she should make the investment with a competitor and have aproper contract.Example 3 (Activity 7):I really don’t wish to dwell on the way the manager threatened to change the delivery date of the corematerials, because your arguments about membership of the trade organization prevailed over what hewas suggesting.Example 4 (Activity 7):We prevailed over our competitors who belong to the core membership of the European Union when theythreatened to dwell on endless discussion about the delivery of new services.8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 Does an intermediary try to get two people or groups to (a) agree, or (b) disagree with each other?A place in society Unit 51712 Is your successor in a job the person who comes (a) after, or (b) before you?3 If you have been nominated for a job, have you been (a) formally, or (b) only informally appointed?4 Is a go-between someone who (a) takes messages between two people, or (b) prevents them fromcommunicating?5 Is an individualist someone who (a) is, or (b) isn’t dependent on other people?6 If you can stand on your own feet, can you (a) look after yourself, or (b) see further than most people?7 Does parental advice come from (a) the government, or (b) your mother and / or father?Reading and interpreting9 Choose the best way to complete the sentences.1 The story in the passage is an example of (b) .(a) a clash between two people with very different personalities(b) the difference between an “individualist” and a “collectivist” approach to business(c) the problem which occurs when people do business in a foreign language(d) a failure to do business2 The fact that most people in the world live in collectivist societies means(c) .(a) people don’t like to be alone(b) people need a lot of help to bring up their children(c) putting the needs of a group first helps protect the individual(d) people are taught not to stand on their own feet3 An “in-group”, or “we” group is (c) .(a) people who work for the same company(b) other people of your own age in society(c) the group which gives you your identity(d) a group you choose to belong to4 Children in collectivist societies (b) .(a) grow up in small families(b) are likely to be very loyal to their family(c) prefer having a lot of people to help look after them(d) are controlled by their family5 Children in individualist societies (b) .(a) are unlikely to have many playmates(b) are likely to leave home when they become adults(c) find it difficult to have relationships with other people(d) think of themselves as members of a groupLanguage in useword formation: pro- and anti-1 Look at the sentence from the passage Dinner at Joanne’s and answer the questions.She was pro-abortion, anti-corruption, pro-low carbon emissions andanti-capital punishment, as fine aprogressive liberal as you could find this side of the Atlantic.1 If she was pro-abortion, was she in favour of or against the possibility of having an abortion?She was in favour of the possibility of having an abortion.。
1.Perhaps the most fundamental difference is the constitution - orthe lack of one. The United States has a written constitution which is very difficult to change. The UK does not have a single document called the constitution but instead its constitutional provisions are scattered over various Acts of Parliament, any of which can be changed by a simple majority in the Parliament.2.In the United States, political discourse frequently makesreference to the constitution - typically Republicans arguing that Democratic initiatives are 'unconstitutional'. Besides the fact that the UK does not have a constitution as such, it is rare for British politicians to argue that the actions or proposals of their opponents are illegal or ultra vires.3.In the United States, the flag holds special place in the politicalheart of the nation and people sing to it. In Britain the flag is rarely prominent at political events.4.In the USA, blue signifies states held by the Democratic Party, themore left-wing. In the UK, blue identifies the Conservative Party, the more right-wing.5.In the USA, red signifies states held by the Republican Party, themore right-wing. In the UK, red identifies the Labour Party, the more left-wing.6.In the United States, the Democratic and Republican Partiesabsolutely dominate federal and state elections with independents securing only small proportions of the vote. In the United Kingdom, the two main political parties - Conservative and Labour - win a smaller and declining share of the total vote, with a growing share being taken by the likes of the Liberal Democrat Party and the UK Independence Party at national level and by the likes of theScottish and Welsh Nationalist Parties at the devolved level. 7.In America, the term 'conservative' means really right-wing,especially on social issues. In Britain the name 'Conservative' means mainstream right-wing, especially on economic issues.8.In America, the term 'liberal' generally means quite left-wing. InBritain, the name 'Liberal' means broadly centrist.9.In the States, it is considered necessary for a politician toemphasize their patriotism. In Britain, it is assumed that anyone who wants to run for national office cares for his or her country.10.In the States, virtually every political speech seems to mentionGod, especially in the final call "God bless America". In Britain, no politician mentions God and none would think of inviting Him to show a special preference for his or her nation state.11.In the US, politicians frequently refer to their position on socialissues like abortion and homosexuality. A British politician wouldthink it unnecessary and inappropriate to talk about such issues unless asked.12.In the US, politicians constantly talk about the problems and theaspirations of the middle class. In the UK, politicians tend to talk more on the needs of the working class.13.So many political speeches in the US include the phrase "my fellowAmericans". In British political terminology, there is simply no equivalent phrase.14.Few American political speeches make much use of facts and figures.Many British political speeches use figures to highlight problems and make comparisons with the policies or the performance of one's opponents.15.In the States, there are currently some outstanding politicalspeakers, led by Bill Clinton and Barack Obama. In Britain, there is no politician who can be so inspirational, although Tony Blair at his best came close (but he's gone).16.The American general election effectively lasts almost two years,starting with the declaration of candidates for the primaries. The British general election lasts around four weeks.17.In an American general election, the states that might go to oneparty or the other are known as 'swing states'. In a British general election, constituencies that might go to one party or another are called 'marginal constituencies' (where three parties are each in contention - which is not unknown - it is called 'a three-way marginal').18.American elections depend on vast sums to purchase broadcastingtime. Parties and candidates in British elections cannot buybroadcasting time.19.In the States, almost 40 million television viewers watched theConvention speeches of Barack Obama and Sarah Palin. No party conference speech in Britain would attract more than a few million.20.In an American presidential election, turnout is typically around50%, although in the 2008 election it was over 60%. In the UK, turnout used to be around 75% but more recently has fallen to around 60%.21.In the United States, the transition period between the electionof a new president and that person's inaugration is two and half months. In Britain, the changeover of Prime Ministers is virtually immediate - within hours of the election result, one person leaves10 Downing Street and within the following hour the successor entersit.22.In the US, government is highly partisan with the Presidentappointing to the executive colleagues who are almost exclusively from within his own party. In the UK, government is normally equallypartisan with all Ministers coming from the governing party but, in 2010, exceptionally the Conservatives were required to go intoa coalition with the Liberal Democrats and grant them 17 ministerialpositions.23.In the United States, the incoming President and his aides make atotal of around 7,000 political appointments. In Britain, the Prime Minister appoints around 100 members of the Government and members of the Cabinet each appoint a couple of Special Advisers, so the total number of political appointments is around 150.24.In the United States, no Cabinet member is allowed to be a memberof the Congress because of the strict theory of the separation of the powers. In Britain, every Government Minister must be a member of one of the two Houses of Parliament and, if he or she is not already in the Parliament, he or she is made a peer.25.In the United States, all the most senior appointments are subjectto confirmation hearings and votes in the Senate. In Britain, there is no procedural method of challenging the appointment of aparticular Minister although, in theory, the Opposition could movea vote of no confidence in the appropriate House of Parliament.26.In the USA, the Secretary of State is (arguably) the most seniormember of the Cabinet and in many countries would be known as the Foreign Secretary. In Britain, the political head of eachGovernment Department is called Secretary of State and so almost every member of the Cabinet is a Secretary of State.27.In the United States, the incoming President's inaugural addressis a highly public and prestigious affair. In Britain, the new Prime Minister simply sets out his or her vision for the country in a speech to the House of Commons on the subject of the Queen's Speech which opens the new session of Parliament.28.In the USA, the term of a President, Senator or Congressman is knownprecisely as four years, six years and two years respectively and the dates of the elections are fixed. In the UK, the term of members of the House of Commons - and therefore of the Government - is legally a maximum of five years but a Prime Minister can call a general election whenever he or she wishes and it has beenconsidered 'cowardly' to wait the full five years and so theelection is more typically after around four years.。
1.British national flag is also called __________. (The Union Jack)2.On the National Emblem of British, there are two animals,______ and __________. (lionand unicorn)3.The Home Rule Bill was finally passed in __1914_____, but the process was overtaken ___the WWI ___ and was suspended for the duration of the war.4.what is “the IRA” (short for the Irish Republican Army, was a revolutionary militaryorganization engaged in the unification of Ireland)I. Filling the blank.1.In United Kingdom，five titles of nobility: Duke,Marquis,Earl,Viscount,Baron2.The name of the present Queen in UK is：Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor3.Buckingham Palace has been the main home of the sovereign since Queen Victoria.1. If a government loses a vote of no confidence in the House of Commons, it has to resign.2. National Health Service was established by the Labour government in 1948, providing health acre for all the people.3. People who do unskilled office work and skilled well-paid manual work are likely to be described as lower middle class.1.There are three major parties in the UK: the Conservative party, the Liberal Democrats andthe Labour party_.2.The distinction about the British class-system, and which marks it as different from theAmerican or Chinese social structure, is that it has also retained a _ hereditary.3.Most of the recent immigrants come from _ South Asian ______ countries such as India,Pakistan and Lanka; and __ Caribbean__countries such as Jamaica and Trinidad.A.Coronation Street is a British television soap opera. It was first broadcast on 9 December 1960. The show has been on the air for over 52 years.B.British newspaper culture is unusual in the extend to which class and educational difference are reflected in the newspapers people read.C.The quality newspapers carry more serious and in--depth articles of particular political andsocial importance.3.In common with British society, the Irish recognize the pub as a place to gather to meet friends and neighbors on an infomal basis.1.The FA stands for （Football Association）2.Phrases like “on a sticky wicket” and “playing with a straight bat” are associated with thesport of ( cricket )1.Children in Britain must receive a full-time education legally from the age of __five___ to __sixteen___.2.Parents from the wealthier middle class prefer to send their children to _private_____ schools so as to have better education.prehensive schools provide a general education, teaching students everything from _academic____ subjects like literature and science to more __practical___ subjects like cooking and carpentry.1 _The “Guardian”____ is regarded as the most left-wing newspaper in Britain.2 The media is affected by _ the Official Secrets Act ____, a legal act which stipulates that all government information is kept secret unless the government says it can be released.3 Britons often refer to newspaper culture as _“Fleet Street”____.3. People usually dress up and show off their fashionable clothes and elaborate hats for the social event called ___the Royal Ascot_pared with football______is a more gentle game sport and which owes its origin to the church.(tennis)2. There are two kinds of horse racing:steeplechase and ____.(flat racing)3.Golf is invented by _______.(Scottish)1.Many Muslims in Britain observe a traditional Islamic festival called_ Ramadan _duringwhich nothing can be eaten or drunk between dawn and nightfall.2.For church goers it is_ Easter ___, not Christmas, which is the most important ChristianFestival.3.Traditionally, people gave Christmas gifts or money to their staff or servants on _ Boxing Day___, which is the day after Christmas.1.The full name of the present Queen in UK is -----? Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor2.-------, the ancestor of the present Queen, Elizabeth II, united England under his rule in 829.King Egbert.3.In medieval times, kings would summon a group of wealthy barons and representatives ofcounties, towns and cities—called _____ to raise money. Great Council1. The Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral structure in the world.2. The British colonization of Australia began in the 18th century.3. The Dreaming refers to belief systems of the indigenous people of Australia.1. The risk of fiercer and more widespread bushfires, threatening both households and farming regions is increased by ____________. (climate warming)2. Under the White Australia Policy, immigrants to Australia had to take a test in _________, the failure of which would be given the status of _________. (a European language, prohibited immigrant)3. ___________ was organized by an aboriginal university graduate to go to the outback of Australia to raise people’s consciousness about the level of racism. (The Freedom Rides)1.The UK is divided into ( ) constituencies with each of them represented by a member in ( ).650, the parliament.2.If a government loses a ( ) in the House of Commons, it has to resign.3.Vote of no confidence.,4.There are three major parties in the UK ( ), the Labor party and ( ).The Conservative party, the Liberal Democratic party.1._____. The ancestor of the present Queen, ElizabethⅡ, united England under his rule in829. King Egbert2.In the 18th century, King GeorgeⅠleft the job of chairing cabinet meetings to one of hisministers who later came to be called _______. The prime minister3.In Britain, the official head of state is _____, while the real centre o political life is in ______.The Queen; the House of Commons1.Critics show that “going to the pictures” is still one of the most popular forms of theentertainment in Australia.2.In Australia, the Immigration Restriction Act was passed in 1901.3.In Australia, the Governor-General is the representative of the British Monarch.1 The Republic of Ireland is still overwhelmingly of ____Roman Catholic_1.Britain’s special relationship with the United States is another major factor whichinfluences the British foreign policy.2.Britain’s physical isolation has long been reduced by the development of airlines andmore recently by the opening of the Channel Tunnel.3.According to the author, Britain is a parliamentary democracy, so the government’sforeign policy in theory represents the desires of its electorate.1.The FA stands for __Football Association__.2.There are two kinds of horse racing: flat racing and _steeplechase_.pared with football _tennis_ is a more gentle sport which owes its origins to the Church.1.There are _THREE_ major historical stages in Australia’s relationship with the rest of theworld.2.At present, the Australian economy now depends primarily upon its other two major sectors:the resources and _service_ industries_.3.The concept of _Sustainable Tourism_ now gives strength to debates about how to “SellAustralia”.is the national flower of England RoseIn the Middle Ages, the boar was the favourite quarry, and later the wolf, nowadays the_________. foxes、The Home Rule Bill was finally passed in , but the process was overtaken by and was suspended for the duration of the war. (1914 the First World War)8、To pursue Irish independence, the most spectacular event in the Irish history was of 1916, in which the rebels 9occupied Dublin’s post office and forced the British to take it back by military means. (East Rising)9、The Good Friday Agreement, known also as , emerged on 10 April 1998. (Belfast Agreement)Children in Britain must receive a full-time education legally from the age of_____ to_______ ( 5 to 16 )8、Comprehensive schools provide a general education, teaching students everything from______ subjects like literature and science to more_____ subjects like cooking and carpentry. (academic, practice)9、In Britain, people can go to the_______ without having any formal educational qualifications. (Open Universities)1.The UK is divided into 650 constituencies with each of them represented by a member in the parliament.2.If a government loses a “vote of no confidence” in the House of Commons, it has to resign.3.The Liberal Democrats are regarded by many people as comparatively flexible and pragmatic in their balance of the individual and the social.Many Muslims in Britain observe a traditional Islamic festival called Ramadan, during which nothing can be eaten or drunk between dawn and nightfall.“The Jewel in the Crown” of the Britain Empire _India_, which provided raw materials and a big market for Britain goods, gained independence in 1947.Since 1945,the UK economy has experienced relative decline rather than absolute decline.Glaxo-Wellcome is the biggest drug company in the world while ICI is the second largest paint manufacturer in the world.Young indigenous women were forced to help the white settlers in (sealing), which was one of the first industries of Australia.(2). Neville Shute’s most popular novel (The Thorn Bird) was made into a major TV miniseries.(3). Shadow Cabinet is made up of the members of the major party (in opposition ).The (official) IRA believed that they had made enough progress so that they could concentrate on a political process, and run candidates for election.2. Sinn Fein, the legal( political party), supports the IRA’s right to fight, its leader spoke of a twin campaign for union with Ireland, both political and military, which is known as the policy of (the Bullet and the Ballot Box).3. The good Friday Agreement, known also as (the Belfast Agreement).1.In____, New year’Eve called Hogmanay (December 31st) is the major wintercelebration.(Scotland)The “Guardian”_____ is regarded as the most left-wing newspaper in Britain.2 The media is affected by __the Official Secrets Act ___, a legal act which stipulates that all government information is kept secret unless the government says it can be released.3 Britons often refer to newspaper culture as ___“Fleet Street”__.1.Children in Britain must receive a full-time education legally from the age of __five___ to __sixteen___.2.Parents from the wealthier middle class prefer to send their children to _private_____ schools so as to have better education.prehensive schools provide a general education, teaching students everything from _academic____ subjects like literature and science to more __practical___ subjects like cooking and carpentry.People usually dress up and show off their fashionable clothes and elaborate hats for the social event called ___the Royal Ascot_. The Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral structure in the world.2. The British colonization of Australia began in the 18th century.3. The Dreaming refers to belief systems of the indigenous people of Australia.1.The FA stands for___Football Association1.The full name of the present Queen in UK is -----? Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor2.-------, the ancestor of the present Queen, Elizabeth II, united England under his rule in 829.King Egbert.3.In medieval times, kings would summon a group of wealthy barons and representatives ofcounties, towns and cities—called _____ to raise money. Great Council3.In common with British society, the Irish recognize the pub as a place to gather to meet friends and neighbors on an infomal basis.1.Coronation Street is a British television soap opera. It was first broadcast on 9 December 1960. The show has been on the air for over 52 years.2.British newspaper culture is unusual in the extend to which class and educational difference are reflected in the newspapers people read.3.The quality newspapers carry more serious and in--depth articles of particular political and social importance.Many Muslims in Britain observe a traditional Islamic festival called____ Ramadan1.___during which nothing can be eaten or drunk between dawn and nightfall.For church goers it is_Easter2._____, not Christmas, which is the most important Christian Festival.Traditionally, people gave Christmas gifts or money to their staff or servants on ____ Boxing Day ___, which is the day after Christmas.1.One of the most notable markers of the way the EU membership has changed Ireland is the status of woman.2.The population in 1845-1848 (time) in Ireland reduced due to starvation, disease and emigration, the main reason is the Great Famine/ the Great Hunger.3.The social stratification (阶级) in Ireland is based solely on birth, wealth ,education and law. 1.Magna Carta is still regarded as Britain's key expression of the right of citizens against the Crown.2.In 1689 Parliament passed the Bill of Right , which ensured that the king would never be able to ignore Parliament .3.Strictly speaking, the Parliament today consist of the Queen, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.1.National Health Service was established by the Labor government in 1948,providing health care for all the people.2.One distinctive feature about the class system in Britain is that it still retains a hereditary aristocracyIn the examination called "the 11 plus", students with academic potential go to grammar schools.2 If a student wants to go to university in Britain，he will take the examination called__________General Certificate of Education—Advanced___.3 1994 Education act made entry to secondary school and universities meritocratic Horse racing is a major British industry and takes two forms—flat racing,and steeplechasing3Pastoralists often used their legal power as magistrates to force labourers to work hard.3.Under the Whitlam government” god save the queen’ was replaced by _（advance Australia fair ）__as Australian national anthem.1，Easter is the chief Christian holiday, which celebrated the ____of Christ( Resurrection)I. 1. Britain’s three most popular activities are watching TV, listening the radio and readingnewspapers .2. The quality newspapers carry more serious and in-depth articles of particular political and social importance.3. The News of the World, which began published in 1843, is considered as one of the tabloids.In United Kingdom，five titles of nobility: Duke,Marquis,Earl,Viscount,Baron2.The full name of the present Queen in UK is：Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor3.Buckingham Palace has been the main home of the sovereign since Queen Victoria.1.The FA stands for ____________________. Football Association2.Phrases like “on a sticky wicket”and “playing with a straight bat”are associated with thesport of ______. cricket1. The risk of fiercer and more widespread bushfires, threatening both households and farming regions is increased by ____________. (climate warming)2. Under the White Australia Policy, immigrants to Australia had to take a test in _________, the failure of which would be given the status of _________. (a European language, prohibited immigrant)3. ___________ was organized by an aboriginal university graduate to go to the outback of Australia to raise people’s consciousness about the level of racism. (The Freedom Rides)（填空）The biggest social event associated with horse racing is_______.正确答案：the Royal AscotIt is commonly believed that Boxing Day involves the sport of boxing. F on boxing day people gave Christmas gifts to their staffs or servants.1) On Federation in 1901, Australia became an independent colony but until the 1940s it had little control in the field of (foreign affairs).(2) The concept of (“Sustainable Tourism”) now gives strength to debates about how to debates about how to “Sell Australia”.(3) (The Australian Workers Union), which was a racist organization against the aboriginal people, supported the Gurindji people’s nine-year strike.People who do unskilled office work and skilled well-paid manual work are likely to be described as ---------class. (lower middle )本填空题考查的是不同阶级的阶级特点，课本中答案（However there is a hazy area around unskilled office work and skilled well-paid manual work which leads to sub-divisions such as "lower middle--class" being used.Compared with football______is a more gentle game sport and which owes its origin to the church.(tennis)2. There are two kinds of horse racing:steeplechase and ____.(flat racing)3.Golf is invented by _______.(Scottish)1._______ refers to the way people live: the patterns and normal expectations of their lives aspassed within a certain place. (Culture)2.Today the Irish educational system is among the ______ and best in Europe. (cheapest)3.In modern times alone, the Republic of Ireland has been the home of ______ winners of the_________ for literature. (four; Nobel Prize)(1). Apart from birth and wealth, education was one important marker of status in Irish tradition.(2). The availability of an educated labor force is a major incentive for foreign companies to set up their facilities in Ireland.(3). The Government acts collectively and is responsible for Irish Parliament.If a government loses a vote of no confidence in the House of Commons, it has to resign.2. National Health Service was established by the Labour government in 1948, providing health acre for all the people.3. People who do unskilled office work and skilled well-paid manual work are likely to be described as lower middle class.1.British national flag is also called __________. (The Union Jack)2.On the National Emblem of British, there are two animals, ______ and __________.(lion and unicorn)3.The Home Rule Bill was finally passed in _______, but the process was overtaken___________ and was suspended for the duration of the war. (1914 the WWI)1.Critics show that going to the picture is still one of the most popular forms of entertainment inAustralia.2.Shadow Cabinet is made up of the members of major party in opposition3.The Prime Minster and the cabinet are the centre of Australian parliamentary power.Term1.British national flag is also called __________. (The Union Jack)2.On the National Emblem of British, there are two animals, ______ and __________.(lion and unicorn)3.The Home Rule Bill was finally passed in _______, but the process was overtaken___________ and was suspended for the duration of the war. (1914 the WWI)4.1.The UK is divided into ( ) constituencies with each of them represented by a member in ( ).650, the parliament.2.If a government loses a ( ) in the House of Commons, it has to resign.3.Vote of no confidence.,4.There are three major parties in the UK ( ), the Labor party and ( ).The Conservative party, the Liberal Democratic party.1._____. The ancestor of the present Queen, ElizabethⅡ, united England under his rule in829. King Egbert2.In the 18th century, King GeorgeⅠleft the job of chairing cabinet meetings to one of hisministers who later came to be called _______. The prime minister3.In Britain, the official head of state is _____, while the real centre o political life is in ______.The Queen; the House of Commons。
美国政治相关知识英语作文American Politics: Understanding the Complexities。
The United States of America is a country that is known for its democracy and political system. However, the American political system is complex and can be difficult to understand. In this essay, we will explore the intricacies of American politics and the key players involved.The American political system is a federal system, which means that power is divided between the national government and the state governments. The national government is divided into three branches: the legislative branch, the executive branch, and the judicial branch. The legislative branch is responsible for making laws, the executive branch is responsible for enforcing laws, and the judicial branch is responsible for interpreting laws.The legislative branch is made up of two chambers: theHouse of Representatives and the Senate. The House of Representatives has 435 members, and each member represents a congressional district. The Senate has 100 members, with each state having two senators. The legislative branch is responsible for passing bills, which are then sent to the president for approval.The executive branch is headed by the president, who is elected every four years. The president is responsible for enforcing laws and serving as the commander-in-chief of the military. The executive branch also includes the vice president and the cabinet, which is made up of the heads of various government departments.The judicial branch is headed by the Supreme Court, which is made up of nine justices. The Supreme Court is responsible for interpreting the Constitution and ensuring that laws are constitutional.In addition to the federal government, each state has its own government, which is responsible for governing within its borders. The state government is also dividedinto three branches: the legislative branch, the executive branch, and the judicial branch.The American political system is also characterized by a two-party system, with the Democratic Party and the Republican Party dominating national politics. However, there are also third-party candidates who run for office, although they rarely win.One of the key players in American politics is the media. The media plays a crucial role in shaping public opinion and influencing political outcomes. The media also serves as a watchdog, holding politicians accountable for their actions.Interest groups are another important player in American politics. Interest groups are organizations that advocate for specific issues or causes. They can be powerful influencers in the political process, using their resources and influence to shape policy.In conclusion, American politics is a complex systemthat involves multiple levels of government, three branches of government at the federal and state levels, and a two-party system. The media and interest groups also play important roles in shaping political outcomes. Understanding these complexities is essential for anyone who wants to participate in American politics or simply wants to be an informed citizen.。
英语国家概况（2）作业答案作业1Explain the following terms:1.The Declaration of IndependenceThe Declaration of Independence was mainly drafted by Thomas Jefferson and was adopted by the Congress on July,1776,when the people of 13 English colonies in North America were fighting for their freedom and independence from the British colonial rule. The document declared that all men were equal and that they were entitled to have some unalienable rights such as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness . It also explained the philosophy of governments: the powers of governments came from the consent of dthe governed and the purpose of governments was to secure the rights mentioned above. The theory of politics and the guiding principles of the American Revolution mainly came from John Locke.2. Columbus's discovery of AmericaChristopher Columbus, an Italian sailor, believed that by sailing west from Europe he could reach the East. In 1492, he persuaded the Spanish monarchy to support his voyage . He landed on one of the Bahama Islands in the Caribbean Sea and thus discovered the New World . Based on his voyage, the Spanish King claimed the territory of the Americas and later conquered the native Americans and establisheda huge empire.3. the Bill of RightsThe Bill of Rights consists of the first 10 amendments which were added to the Constitution in 1791.The Bill of Rights was passed to guarantee freedom and individual rights such as freedom of speech, the right to assemble in public places, the right to own weapons and so on.4. the making of the U.S. ConstitutionThe Articles of Confederation failed . The Congress decided to hold a constitutional convention to revise the Articles of Confederation. The delegates from 12 states (Rhode Island refused to participated) gathered in Philadelphia in 1787 and ended up in writing a new constitution and set a federal system with a strong central government. The Constitution provided that an election of the president would be called, federal laws would be made only by a Congress made up of the House of Representatives and the Senate and a Supreme Court would be set up. This new Constitution was finally aproved by the majority of the citizens in over 9 of the 13 was officially put into effect in 1787.5. Industrial Revolution in AmericaAfter independence, America was principally an agricultural country .The Industrial Revolution in England brought many changes to American industry between 1776 and 1860. One key development was the introduction of the factory system. A second development was the "American system "of mass production . A third development was the aplication of new technologies to industrial tasks. A fourth development was the emergence of new forms of business organization--- the bank and the corporation..Fill in the blanks:1. Virginia, 16072. Puritans3. The American Revolution4. the stamp tax , the tea tax5. Philadelphia6. 1787 , George Washington7. the executive , the judical8. 269. Alexander Hamilton10. the Democratic Party, the Republican party , conservativeAnswer the following questions:1.George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams2. A.The growth of capitalism; B. The Renaissance;C. The Religious Reformation3. A. challenging the authority of the Pope; B. salvation through faith;C. establishing a direct contact with God.4. A. the Bill of Rights B. the judicial reviewC. the political party system5. the Democratic Party, the Republican Party6. I Have a Dream7. The legislative8. A. The new states did not cooperate with the Congress or with each other.B. The Congress could not raise money to pay the national army and to pay debtsowed to France and other nations.C. The Congress had no fpower to tax any citizen.9. Firearms industry10. tobacco and vegetable oil作业2Explain the following terms:1.“WASP” culture“ WASP” , which stands for White Anglo-Saxon Protestant, is believed to be the basis of mainstream culture of the United States.2.American characteristics of religionThe Bill of Rights of the U.A. Constitution provides that there is no state religion and that church and state must be separated. American religious beliefs continue to be strong with social progress. In the United States, every church is a completely independent organization and concerned with its own finance and its own building. There has been little concentration on doctrine or religious argument such as in European history.3.Leaves of GrassA collection of poems written by Walt Whitman. It is a ground-breaking book. Whitman used free-flowing structures and long irregular lines in his poetry. He ventured beyond traditional forms to meet his need for more space to express the American spirit. In one of the poems “Song of Myself”he dwelt on himself because he saw himself as a prototype of “The American”.4. Mark TwainMark Twain is the pen name of Samuel Clemens He was one of the greatst American writers. He captured a peculiarly American sense of humor. He represented a new American Voice. His major work was The Adventures of the Huckleberry finn(1884) which has been called the greatest novel in Amecans Literature5．The Servicemant’s Readujstment ActThe Servicemen’s Readjustment Act was passed in 1944/ It was soon popularly called the GI Bill of Rights. GI was a nickname for the American soldier. The nickmane came from the abbreviation for “Government Issue”--- the uniforms and other articles “issued “to a soldier. The Act promised financial aid , including aid for higher education to members of sthe armed forces.Fill in the blanks:1. Ireland Italy2. the Protestant , the Catholic , Jewish3. First Amendment4. The Jungle5.“the Lost Generation”6.The Grapes of Wrath7.85 , 15cation, 139.tuition, governmentAnswer the following questions:1.Protestant , Catholic , Judaism2.J.F Kennedy3. A. for having a place in a community B. for identifying themselves with dominantvalues.C. for getting dtogether with friends.4. Kohn Dos Passos , Ernest Hemingway , F.Scott fitzgerald5. Stephen Crane , Jack London , Theodore Dreiser6. Ralph Waldo Emerson , Henry David Thoreau7. Mathematics , languages, science , social studies, music, physical education8. Harvard University, Yale University, Princeton University9. A. attending lectures and complete assignments, B. passing examinationsC. earning a certain number of credits at the end of the four years at college.10. A. they have high school records and recommendations from their teachersB. they make good impressions during the interviewsC. they get good scores in the Scholastic Aptitude Tests作业3Explain the following terms:1.the Civil Rights MovementOne of the most important of all social movement in the 11111960s U.S. history. Rosa Parks’spontaneous action in 1955 was believed to be the true beginning of the civil rights movement. The black students’sit-in at a department lunch counter in ffBorth Carolina touched off the nationwide civil rights movement. During sdthe first half of the decade, civil rights organizations like SNCC, CORE, and SCLC struggled for racial integration sfby providing leadership, tactics, network and the people. In the latter half of dfthe decade, some black organizations changed their sdfnonviolent tactics, and emphasized on more radical means to end discrimination and raised the self fmage of fthre blacks. The civil rights movement produced such great leaders ad Martin Luther King, Jr., and MalcolmX., who inspired a dgeneration of both blacks and whites to devote their lives to fighting for racial equalityk in the U.S.2.Martin Luther King,Jr.Martin Luther king, Jr., an atlanta-born Baptist minister, was the leader of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference during the civil rights movement of 1960s. to promote his philosophy of nonviolent protest against segregation and other kinds of social injustice, King organized a series of “marches”, including the March on Washington of fAugust, 1963, when King delivered his famous “I Have a Dream” speech As a civil rights leader, King worked not only to end racial discrimination and poverty, but also to raise the self imagde dof the blacks. Due to his strong belief in nonviolent peaceful rotest, King wa awarded the Bobel Peace Prize in 1964. He was assassinated in the city of Memphis in April 1968.3.socially stratified American societyAmerican society is a stratified one in which power, wealth and prestige are unequallydistributed. It is divided into social classes that have varying degrees of access to the reward the society offers. For example, the richest fifth of American individuals and families owns more than three-quarters of the wealth in the United States, whereas the lowest fifth owns only 0.2% of fthe wealth. The richest fifth of American families receives over 40% of the national income, whereas the poorest fofth receives only 5.2%.4.The American System of ManufactureThis is the system of using assembly line for mass manufacture of products. The system originated in John H Hall’s idea of producing weapons using interchangeable part, was developed into the science of management by Frederick W Taylor, and was first successfully used on a large scale by Henry Ford in the production of Model T. The system significantly lowers unit cost and makes less demand on the skill of workers. On the other hand, it has ben blamed for making work dreary, mindless and alienating5.Thomas Alva EdisonThomas Alva Edison is a well-known American inventor. Among his many inventions are: electric lamp, phonograph, motion pictures and parallel circuit.Fill in the blanks:1.Greensboro, sit-ins2.the youth anti-war, the women’s movement3.Southern Christian Leadership Conference, Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee , theCongress of Racial Equality4.Rosa Oarks5.the blacks, 11.7%(12%)6.male, young, a member of racial minority7.Nixon8.mechanical reaper , Cyres H Mccormick9.Stevens,10.The Pony Express SystemAnswer the following questions:1.Ku Klux Klan2.They resented traditional white male values in U.S. society3.The “Hippies”4. A. Blacks felt that the black community ought to coexist with other groups.5. B.Blacks felt that “black is beautiful”.C.Blacks felt more and more proud of themselves.6. bribery, tax evasion, false advertising7. A. Racial prejudice against themB. Low social status of these groups.C. Poverty and unemployment among minority groups8. A. There is a strong association between drug use and crimeB. Drug dependence takes a significant toll in terms of personal health and safetyC There are great economic losses because of drug abuse9. Telegraph10. Henry Ford作业4Explain the following terms:1.Y ellowstone National ParkThe Y ellowstone National Park is the oldest and one of the largest national parks in the US. It is named after the river that flows through the area. It is known for its geysers and hot springs. One of the most famous of the geysers is the Old Faithful.2.The Grand Canyon National ParkThe Grand Canyon National Park is America’s most famous scenic wonder. It is a huge gorge slowly carved away for nearly 6 million years by the waters of the Colorado River. The canyon is so deep that there are 4 distinctive zones of climate from top to bottom. Located in Arizona, it attracts over 4 million visitors each year. The Park was established in 1908 by President Theodore Roosevelt.3. Super BowlSuperbowl is the name of final match of American Football, which decides the champion team for the year.4. NBANBA stands for Bational Basketball Association . Founded in 1950, it is the association of professional teams in the US. It has two divisions : the Eastern Division and Western Division.5. jazz musicEarly jazz music first appeared in the Southern city of New Orleans at the end of the 19th century. It was a blend of folk music, work chants, spirituals, marches, and even European classical music. A defining mark of this early New Orleans jazz was that a group of musicians improvising their notes in changing chords around a specific melodic line. All jazz bands use such instruments as a trumpet, a clarinet, a trombone , and percussion instruments like the drum, banjo, and guitars. Jazz deveoped into the 1920’s with two different ly, the Chicago style jazz and the New Y ork style, each style having its own formost jazz musiciansFill in the blanks:1.Florida Keys, Key West, Earnest Hemingway2.glaciers3.Hollywood, Los Angeles4.American Football Conference , National Football Conference5.offensive, defensive6.Eastern Division , Western Divisionrry Bird, Magic Johnson8.African- American9.cakewalk , blue10.SatchelmouthAnswer the following questions:1.The Rocky Mountainske Plac id3. a well-known football athlete4.Baseball5. Technical foul6. A. It initially appealed to young and rebellious.B. Jazz musicians worked Indian American music into the musicC. Jazz music was made modified and became more refined7.Blues refers to a type of slow, sad music from the Southern U.S. , from the city of Bew Orleans. The Blues is derived from a blend of field chantey and spiritual--- a form of hymn singing prevalent in African-American Christian churches. The tradition of the vocal ballad usually accompanied by a guitar, also contributed to the blues form. The music of the blues has a peculiar, poignant sadness. The lyrics of the blues pieces are sardonic filled with wry, self-deprecating humor8.The origin of the chicago style jazz.。
美国总统大选开打作者：时间：2012年04月14 来源：Eco中文论坛已阅读386次爱思英语编者按：2012年1月3日的共和党艾奥瓦州党团会议正式拉开美国总统大选帷幕。
11月16日，美国全国选民将投票选出下一届美国总统。
12月17日，选举人团选出总统。
2013年1月6日，参众两院宣布获胜者。
2013年1月20日，新总统就职典礼。
America’s presidential election美国总统大选Game on大战开始The campaign looks likely to sharpen America’s divisions.总统竞选似乎深化了美国人的分歧。
AMERICA’S primary elections are not yet formally over, but with the exit of Rick Santorum it is at last plain that Mitt Romney will be the Republicans’ nominee. After the bruising primaries, Mr Romney starts from behind. Barack Obama leads in the head-to-head polls. But there are still seven months to election day, and Mr Romney has a fair chance of victory in November. Less than half of America’s voters approve of the way Mr Obama is doing his job. Six out of ten think the country is on the “wrong track”. The recovery is still weak and 12.7m Americans are unemployed. America added only 120,000 jobs in March, below expectations and fewer than in previous months.美国初选尚未正式结束，但随着里克·桑托利姆的退出，结果尘埃落定，米特·罗姆尼最终将成为共和党的提名人。
2024年新闻热点大事件英语作文Top News Events of 2024。
The year 2024 is shaping up to be a momentous one, with several major news events set to unfold around the globe. From historic elections to groundbreaking scientific discoveries, the following are some of the most anticipated news stories of the year:1. US Presidential Election (English)。
The 2024 US presidential election will be held on November 5, 2024. It will be the 60th quadrennial presidential election, and the 59th regular quadrennial presidential election. The Democratic and Republicanparties will nominate their candidates at their respective national conventions in the summer of 2024. The general election campaign will be closely watched by the world, as it will determine the direction of the United States for the next four years.1. 美国总统选举 (中文)。
2024年美国总统选举将于2024年11月5日举行。
Unit1 The country（）1. The United States stretches from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east.（）2. The Mississippi river is the longest river in the United States.（）3. The Appalachian region is both complicated and varied, containing some ofthe highest mountains in North America, but also a vast expanse of intermontanebasins, plateaus, and isolated ranges.（）4. Western Washington and Oregon receive plenty of rain and central California is noticeably drier in winter.( )5. New England is sometimes called the birthplace of America.( )6. Washington D. C. is located in the Southern States Region.( )7. Many Southerners have a strong sense of regional loyalty and take pride inthe South’s history and tradition.( )8. The Midwestern States Region is a vast area of generally flat land that covers much of the center of the United States.( )9. Las Vegas and Reno stand out as “American dreamland”, for they primarilyfind wealth through the gambling and entertainment industries.( )10. Hawaii has the largest land area of all the states, and Alaska has one ofthe smallest land areas.1. The United States of America is the ____________ country in the world in size.A. LargestB. second-largestC. third-largestD. fourth-largest2. ____________ extend from the northern tip of Maine southwestern to Alabama.A. The Rocky MountainsB. The Appalachian HighlandsC. The Coast MountainsD. The Blue Mountains3. The climate of the United States is influenced by ____________.A. the Atlantic and Pacific OceansB. the Gulf of MexicoC. the Great LakesD. All of the above4. What is the leading commercial crop of the southA. Cotton.B. Tobacco.C. Sugar cane.D. Rice.5. What Midwestern city is the automobile capital of the worldA. Chicago.B. Detroit.C. Milwaukee.D. Cleveland.6. One of the most important lakes in the United States is _________, which isthe largest fresh water lake in the world.A. Lake SuperiorB. Lake MichiganC. Lake HuronD. Lake Ontario7. New England lies in __________ of the United States.A. the northern partB. the southern partC. the northeastern partD. the southeastern part8. The southern part of the Pacific coast in California has a ___________climate.A. subtropicalB. continental desertC. maritimeD. Mediterranean9. The smallest state in the United States is ___________.A. WashingtonB. Rhode IslandC. HawaiiD. Maryland10. In the United States, the largest city along the Pacific coast is ___________.A. Los AngelesB. San FranciscoC. SeattleD. PortlandUnit2 History（ )1. The first English colony in America was founded at Jamestown, Virginia,( )2. The early British settlers organized the east coast of North America into 17 colonies.( )3. When many thousands of Southerners saw the triumph of Abraham Lincolnin the 1860 election as not simply a political defeat but also a threat to all southern institutions and the southern way of life, they decided to secede from the Confederacy.（）4. The Progressive Movement was a well-organized, unified movement, demanding government regulation of economy and social condition.（ )5. The Stock Market collapse occurred in 1928 in the United States.( )6. The Marshall Plan refers to the military and economic aid to Greece and Turkey in the 1950s.( )7. Nixon was the second President in American history who resigned.（ )8. The black-white racial chasm in post-Civil-Rights-Movement America was highlighted by the savage beating of Martin Luther King by white police officersin 1992.1. The British established 13 colonies along _________.A. the west coast of North AmericaB. the west coast of South AmericaC. the east coast of North AmericaD. the east coast of South America2. In the early 1850s, with the westward movement, the slavery became a serious political issue endangering the unity of the country because _________.A. whether or not slavery would expand into the future states formed as a result of the westward movement would affect the balance of power in the SenateB. the South insisted that slavery should be allowed to spread into all newC. the North refused to let slavery spread into new territoriesD. the North wanted to put an end to slavery3. The Progressive Movement wanted to ________ in order to stop big businesscontrol.A. initiate strict government regulationB. have the government fix pricesC. break up all the big businessesD. do away with rebates4. The 1920s in the United States has been described as a period of ____________ .A. cultural revivalB. loss of purposeC. development in science and technologyD. material success and spiritual frustration5. The serious economic crisis in the late 1920s and 1930s was first broughtabout by _____________.A. bank failuresB. serious unemploymentC. farm foreclosuresD. the stock market crash6. The purpose of the New Deal measures was to __________.A. save American democracy and the capitalist systemB. check the worsening of the economic situationC. help people tide over the difficultyD. increase American export7. On June 5, 1947, ________ suggested that the . should offer economic aid toWestern Europe so as to protect the region from Soviet expansion.A. George MarshallB. Franklin D. RooseveltC. George KennanD. Harry Truman8. At the time of Cuban Missile Crisis, the President of the . was ____________.A. TrumanB. EisenhowerC. KennedyD. Johnson9. New Frontier and Great Society were programs initiated by _______.A. President KennedyB. President JohnsonC. Presidents Kennedy and Johnson respectivelyD. Presidents Johnson and Kennedy respectively10. The conservatism during Reagan’s administration was known as _____________.A. the New LeftB. the New RightC. the New FrontierD. the New FreedomUnit3 The American identity（）1. In the United States, the major source of population growth is the rising birth rate.（）2. In the United States, the largest minority group is the African-American group.（）3. In the United States, the fastest-growing group is the Asian-Americangroup.（）4. Native Americans have a low school dropout rate.（）5. The three major Hispanic groups are the Mexican-Americans, the PuertoRicans and the Cuban-Americans.（）6. The Puerto Ricans are American citizens.（）7. The first Asians to arrive in the United States in significant numbers were the Japanese.（）8. Today the Indians are only allowed to live on reservations.（）9. Traditionally, the mainstream Americans were called WASP.current situation of African-Americans presents_______.A. a favorable pictureB. a negative pictureC. a mixed pictureD. a positive picture2. Although discrimination has been legally abolished, ________.A. discrimination in employment still existsB. discrimination in university admission still existsC. poverty rate of the blacks is the highest among all racial and ethnic groupsD. inequality and subtle discrimination still exist3. The Cuban-Americans mainly live in ______.A. FloridaB. TexasC. LouisianaD. Alabama4. Some p eople say Asian-Americans owe their success to the Asian tradition of the following EXCEPT ________.A. familyB. hard workC. educationD. Discrimination5. Now about 80% to 90% of immigration to the UnitedStates is from _______.A. Asian and Hispanic countriesB. African countriesC. European countriesD. Central and South American countries6. The first immigrants in American history came from __________.A. England and the NetherlandsB. IrelandC. West GermanyD. East Europe7. Among the major Hispanic groups in the UnitedStates, the largest group is _______.A. the Puerto RicansB. the Mexican-AmericansC. the Cuban-AmericansD. the Central and South American immigrants8. Among the major Hispanic groups in the UnitedStates, ________ have the highest social status.A. the ChicanosB. the Cuban-AmericansC. the Puerto-RicansD. the Latin American immigrants9. The Native Americans are __________.A. the IndiansB. the whitesC. the blacksD. the HispanicsUnit4 political institutions（）1. The Constitution of the United States, after its adoption, has neverbeen revised.（）2. According to the Constitution, the federal government is responsiblefor addressing questions that affect the nation as a whole as well as individualstates.（）3. Separation of power is designed to prevent the government from beingtoo strong.（） 4. The . government is divided into four branches: the legislative, the presidency, the bureaucracy and the judiciary.（）5. The Supreme Court has the right to declare laws and actions of the federal, state, and local governments unconstitutional.（）6. Candidates for the presidency can only be chosen from political parties.（）7. The . President has great executive power but no legislative power.（）8. Congressmen serve a term of six years while Senators serve a term oftwo years.（）9. The Democrats are thought of as associated with business, Anglo-Americans, and the rich.（）10. The number of Senators from each state is based upon its population.1. The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction in ________.A. all kinds of casesB. cases involving foreign citizensC. cases involving a stateD. Both B and C2. Political parties are the basis of the American politicalsystem, _________.A. but there is no provision in the Constitution forpolitical partiesB. and the Constitution has clear provisionC. but the founding fathers had strong apprehensionof political partiesD. Both A and C3. The two major parties today have ______differences in policy concentration.A. noB. littleC. someD. Great4. The writers of the Constitution worked out the checks and balances in order to _______.A. prevent the government from misusing its powerB. prevent the government from being strongC. pacify those who opposed the ConstitutionD. meet the demands of small states5. The President of the United States is elected _____.A. indirectly by the electors B by CongressC. directly by the votersD. None of the above.6. . President can serve ________ term(s).A. only oneB. twoC. more than twoD. as many as four7. The . President’s appointments have to beapproved by ________.A. the House of RepresentativesB. the SenateC. the CabinetD. the Supreme Court8. The Supreme Court of the United States consists ofone Chief Justice and ______ Associate Justices.A. 6B. 7C. 8D. 109. The two major political parties in the United Statesare _______.A. the Democratic Party and the Labor PartyB. the Federalist Party and the Democratic PartyC. the Federalist Party and the Republican PartyD. the Democratic Party and the Republican Party10. The . Congress has the power to override thepresident’s veto by a _____ majority.A. 2/3B. 3/4C. 3/5D. 4/5Unit5 Economy（）1. Since the . economy is based on free enterprise, there is littlegovernment involvement in the economy.（）2. The United States is the world’s leading maker of industrial goods.（）3. In the 18th century, the New E ngland colonies specialized in producing tobacco from plantations.（）4. While most Americans embraced the idea of money-making and heldsuccessful businessmen in great admiration, they resented big businesses monopolizing any industry in any form.（）5. By 1956, a majority of . workers held blue-collar rather thanwhite-collar jobs.（）6. Many urban Americans, particularly Blacks and Hispanics, found the postwar prosperity inaccessible to them.（）7. The American West is now an important region for corn and wheat.（）8. While manufacturing giants such as IBM and General Electronic enjoy worldwide reputation as the pillars of the American economy, the . economy is byno means one dominated by giant corporations.（）9. As the number of workers employed in the traditional manufacturing industries has declined, union membership has dropped in recent years.1. The United States ranks ________ in the world in thetotal value of its economic production.A. firstB. secondC. thirdD. Fourth2. The following are the factors that have contributed tothe development of the . economy EXCEPT__________.A. the vast space and resources of the landB. the ideals of freedom and economic opportunityC. English as its national languageD. hard work by the people3. What is America’s most important food cropA. Corn.B. Rice.C. BarleyD. Oat.4. Service industries account for more than _________ of the . gross domestic product.A. a thirdB. halfC. two thirdsD. three fourth5. The westward expansion is a demonstration ofAmerican ________.A. IndividualismB. patriotismC. LiberalismD. Expansionism6. Hamilton believed that the United States shouldpursue economic growth through the followingEXCEPT ________.A. shippingB. manufacturingC. bankingD. slavery7. With the arrival of the 20th century, the United Statesbecame increasingly urbanized, particularly in the_________ cities.A. NortheastB. NorthwestC. SoutheastD. Southwest8. The American South is a center of the followingtraditional crops EXCEPT _________.A. tobaccoB. cornC. cottonD. wheat9. As the world’s leading maker of industrial goods, the. now produces around _________ of the world’sindustrial products.A. 20%B. 25%C. 30%D. 35%10. In the United States, the following areas tend tospecialize in high-tech and computer industriesEXCEPT ________.A. NortheastB. MidwestC. NorthwestD. SouthwestUnit6 social service（）1. In the United States, the social security system provides assistance to people with financial problems.（）2. In the United States, Medicare provides virtually free treatment forall American citizens.（）3. Social security is the nearly universal retirement program for Americans, with about 92 percent of people aged 60 and over receiving benefits.（）4. Since 1996, welfare responsibility under AFDC has been passed to thestates, which receive federal grants to run their own programs.（）5. The Social Security Administration organizes the distribution of food and food stamps through state and local governments.（）6. Since government-sponsored welfare programs are essential to the needy and the poor, they are quite adequate in confronting the poverty issue.（）7. Child Welfare League of America is the largest privately-funded childcare agency in the United States, providing shelter and service to homelessand runaway youth.（）8. In the United States, most employees and their families are normallyinsured for health care through public insurance programs.（）9. Medicaid program provides federal grants to states for the freetreatment of the elderly.（）10. In the United States, two-thirds of the housing units in theprivate sector are “single-family dwellings”.1. The American social security system includes thefollowing programs EXCEPT _________.A. OASDHIB. MedicareC. MedicaidD. Unemployment Compensation2. Americans may start receiving their pensions at the age of _________.A. 55B. 60C. 65D. 703. The main federal welfare programs in the USAconsist of the following programs EXCEPT_________.A. MedicaidB. AFDCC. Food StampsD. Medicare4. Which of the following belongs to the religious welfare organizationA. NCH.B. CWLA.C. CCHD. D. Ford Foundation.5. Among private foundations, which has becomeincreasingly prominent in private charity activityA. Rockefeller Foundation.B. Ford Foundation.C. Buffett Foundation.D. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.6. Which of the following statement is NOT true aboutAmerican health care servicesA. A sizable number of Americans still remain uninsured.B. The . has top-quality medical facilities.C. Medicaid covers only about 40 percent of the poor nationwide.D. Compared with other developed countries, theUnited States spends less on health care.7. According to the healthcare reform proposed duringthe Obama administration, the government will requiremost Americans to have health insurance by _______.A. 2011B. 2012C. 2013D. 20148. Homes and houses give Americans the followingsense EXCEPT ________.A. possessionB. material satisfactionC. personal identificationD. freedomUnit7 the legal system（）1. The . Constitution defines the organization of a court system, includinga Supreme Court and inferior courts.（）2. In the United States, each state has one district court.（）3. District courts are the only national courts that use grand juries and petit juries.（）4. All national courts can review decisions of state courts.（）5. At the national level, government prosecution is the responsibilityof the Supreme Court.（）6. The . attorneys are appointed for life terms to the district courts.（）7. Anglo-American Common Law is based on the supposed reasonable person’s view of what is right and fair.（）8. In the United States, all cases should be tried with a jury.（）9. A unanimous decision is needed for a grand jury to make a decision.（）10. Federal crimes are mainly the responsibility of theFederal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).1. There are currently ________ district courts in the United States.A. 52B. 54C. 92D. 942. There are currently _______ courts of appeals in the United States.A. 10B. 11C. 12D. 133. __________ argues cases for the government before the Supreme Court.A. Chief Justice of Supreme CourtB. Attorney GeneralC. Solicitor GeneralD. President of the United States4. District judgeships are filled by the President with the consent of _________.A. Chief Justice of Supreme CourtB. Attorney GeneralC. the SenateD. the House of Representatives5. Generally, the trial jury consists of _______ ordinary citizens.A. 1－6B. 6－12C. 12－23D. 23－306. Generally, the grand jury consists of _______ ordinary citizens.A. 1－6B. 6－12C. 12－23D. 23－307. The Supreme Court consists of a chief justice and _______ associate justices.A. 7B. 8C. 9D. 108. In the United States, people between the ages of _______ are the most inclined age group to commit crimes.A. 11－19B. 19－24C. 24－45D. 45－549. In some urban areas in the United States, murder is the main cause of deathamong non-White males between the ages of ________.A. 11－19B. 19－24C. 24－45D. 45－5410. As a rule, the implementation of state law is carried out by the policeand detectives in the city, and by _______ in rural areas.A. SheriffsB. ConstablesC. MagistratesD. both A and BUnit8 Education（）1. Americans generally hold that everyone is entitled to education.（）2. Americans believe that education is beneficial to individuals andsociety as a whole.（）3. In the United States, public education at elementary and secondary level is free.（）4. American education system is characterized by diversity.（）5. According to the . Constitution, education is the responsibility ofthe federal government.（）6. There is little similarity in the education system of the 50 states.（）7. The state board of education is responsible for the education policyof the state.（）8. The oldest institution of higher learning in the United States is Harvard University.（）9. Junior colleges offer only . degrees.（）10. The affirmative action program aims to help ethnic and racial minorities in elementary and secondary education.1. To many Americans, education is important because _____________.A. it contributes to the success of individualsB. it contributes to the strengthening of national strengthC. it prepares the young people for future developmentD. Both A and B2. In the United States, public schools at the elementary and secondary levelare ______________.A. freeB. compulsoryC. open to allD. Both A and C3. American schools fall into two categories, namely, _______________.A. public and private schoolsB. academic and vocational schoolsC. coeducation and single sex schoolsD. national and state-run schools4. In the United States, education policies are made by ______________.A. the federal governmentB. the state board of educationC. local school districtD. board of trustees5. The governing board of school district is responsible for _______________.A. the hiring of teachers and staffB. the designing of a suitable curriculumC. the compiling and approving of budgetD. All of the above6. There is _______________ difference(s) in tuition rates between public andprivate institutions of higher learning in the .A. noB. significantC. SomeD. not much7. The community college _______________.A. offers bachelor degreesB. offers associate degreesC. offers master degreesD. Both A and B8. Elementary and secondary education in the . covers _______ years.A. 9B. 11C. 12D. 149. Admission to an educational institution in the U. S. is determined by ______________.A. the institution itselfB. the state board of educationC. the local authorityD. the federal government10. The following are the public policies and legal decisions emphasizingspecial rights for ethnic and linguistic minorities in the area of education EXCEPT _______________.A. Bilingual Education ActB. Proposition 227C. affirmative action programD. No Child Left Behind ActUnit9 Religion in American life（）1. In comparison with other Western countries, America is less religiousin terms of church attendance and financial commitment to church organizations.（）2. At the time when the United States was founded, it was the Catholicbranch of the Christian faith that had the strongest influence on the developmentof the religious climate in the United States.（）3. The Pilgrims tried to create a community in which life would be guided by God’s will and deviations from His will in any shape or form would never betolerated.（）4. America became “the Kingdom of God” by the end of the 17th century.（）5. In the 19th century, Americans stopped talking about the importanceof religious values for their national identity.（）6. According to the . Constitution, church and state are separate in their role and function.（）7. Historically, church and state in the United States has never interactedto each other.（）8. A growing trend in American religious life is that religion has become increasingly secularized.（）9. In the United States, mainstream Protestant denominations have lostground to Catholic denominations.（）10. Post-war Evangelism has attempted to use its influence to restore some sense of community in a society.1. The Catholic faith was first brought to the North American continent by______________.A. the PortugueseB. the EnglishC. the FrenchD. the Spanish2. The great waves of Jewish immigration started in ______________ and made the United States a major center of Judaism.A. 1836B. 1863C. 1936D. 19633. By the end of the 17th century, ______________ had already begun to lose its energies.A. ProtestantismB. CatholicismC. PuritanismD.Judaism4. The First Great Awakening of ______________ provided the opportunity for afresh reaffirmation of God’s role in directing the fortunes of His chosen people.A. the 17th centuryB. the 18th centuryC. the 19th centuryD. the 20th century5. The Second Great Awakening of ______________ exerted a profound impact both on the scale of church membership and on the range of American sectarianism.A. the 17th centuryB. the 18th centuryC. the 19th centuryD. the 20th century6. The _______________ Amendment of Constitution states that “Congress shall make no law respecting the establishment of religion, or prohibiting the freeexercise thereof.”A. FirstB. SecondC. TenthD. Twentieth7. Which of the following minority religions is deemed by the mainstream religion to advocate or practice kinds of beliefs against the public interestA. Islam.B. Hinduism.C. Mormonism.D. Zenism.8. The following mainstream Protestant denominations have recently witnessedsignificant loss of members EXCEPT ________________.A. MethodistsB. EpiscopaliansC. PresbyteriansD. Evangelistsv9. Post-war Evangelicalism has made e ffective use of __________ to reach massive audiences.A. telephoneB. musicC. televisionD. Movies10. Which of the following contemporary religious groups is relying upon bigrallies to draw Christian men togetherA. “Saved” Christians.B. Fundamentalists.C. Promise Keepers.D. Seventh-Day Adventists.Unit10 Private life in American（）1. Most Americans have an ambition to own their own house on a little piece of property, but it’s difficult for them to have that ambition materialized.（０2. After the arrival of the so-called post-industrial society, Americans started to move to the city.（）3. Most Americans live in mobile homes which function as prefabricatedhousing units in stationary settings.（）4. Many poor American families expect their children to find part-timejobs, especially as they enter their teens.（）5. Parties for children and for grown-ups are constantly occupying theleisure hours of Americans.（）6. In the United States, high-brow arts get most of the financial backing from the government.（）7. In the United States, popular culture outshines classical culture inaudience size and in public influence.（）8. Today’s preeminent spectator game in America is baseball.（）9. American football was derived from the British game of soccer.（）10. Baseball is adapted by the Americans from the English cricket to their own tastes.1. For most Americans, one of the first activities at home i s to _______________.A. watch TVB. do repair workC. surf on the InternetD. drink coffee2. The following are “chores” assigned to the children in American familiesEXCEPT ________________.A. washing and waxing floorsB. mowing the lawnC. keeping the car(s) cleanD. Babysitting3. The following are part-time jobs expected to be done by American childrenEXCEPT _________.A. mowing lawnsB. delivering newspapersC. taxi drivingD. Babysitting4. The following are the leisure activities outside the home f or American adults EXCEPT ___________. A. playing bowling B. playing soccerC. attending public service activitiesD. attending church-related activities5. The following are the leisure activities outside the home for Americanchildren EXCEPT ________.A. taking lessonsB. traveling overseasC. horseback ridingD.Swimming6. One out of every ______ Americans donates some part of their time as volunteers.A. 3B. 4C. 5D. 67. The following belong to high-brow culture EXCEPT ___________.A. classical musicB. BalletC. operaD. Movies8. The following remain high on the domestic vocational destination list in the minds of most Americans EXCEPT ________________.A. Walt Disney WorldB. New YorkC. the Yellowstone National ParkD. the Grand Canyon9. The following are the “four major sports” in the United States EXCEPT_______________.A. basketballB. footballC. baseballD. Volleyball10. The Super Bowl is a game for _______________.A. basketballB. footballC. baseballD. volleyball。
1 .feature: The Republican Party (Republican Party) is the United States the current one of the two major political parties, called the grand old Party (grand old party, GOP).The Republican Party colors are red, symbol is an elephant.1.特点：共和党（Republican party）是美国当前的两个主要政党之一，别称大老党（grand old party，GOP）。
共和党的党色是红色，标志是大象。
2.origin：the Republican Party was founded in 1854, by a group of former Whig, Northern Democrats, and emancipation ([ɪˌ m æ n s əˌp e ʃə n] n. （从束缚、支配下）解放)in the coalition ([ˌk o əˌl ɪʃə n] n同盟), they opposed slavery's expansion, and that should be the United States of America modernization .The new party was founded to counter the motivation is that the slave power - that is, those attempts to control the federal government and the expansion of slavery in the south of the wealthy class。
英语国家社会与文化入门（上）Unit 1 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom IThe full name of the country of UK is the Untied Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.UK includes 4 parts: the island of Great Britain is made up of England, Scotland and Wales, and Northern Ireland.Different people who belong to different class will tend to read different newspaper, watch different television programmes, speak with a different accent, do different things in their free-time, and have different expectations for their children.Before the 1st century AD Britain was made up of many tribal kingdoms of Celtic people.In 43 AD Britain was invaded by the Roman Empire and England and Wales became a part of the Roman Empire for nearly 400 years.After Roman time, Britain was under threat from outside, this time from Germanic peoples: the Angles, and the Saxon.In the 5th century AD it is said that a great leader appeared, united the British, and with his magical sword, Excalibur, drove the Saxons back. This is the story of King Arthur. According to legend Arthur gathered a company of knights to him and conflict between his knights led to Arthur creating the famous ―round table‖at which all would have equal precedence.Anglo-Saxon invaders were the forefathers of the English, the founders of ―Angle-land‖ or ―England‖ as it has become know.From the late 8th century on raiders from Scandinavia, the ferocious Vikings, threatened Britain‘s shores.The next invaders were the Normans, from northern France, who were descendants of Vikings.Under William of Normandy they crossed the English Channel in 1066.William took the English throne, and became William the First of England.Robin Hood was a Saxon nobleman oppressed by the Normans, who became an outlaw, and with his band of ―merry men‖ hid in the forest of Sherwood in the north midlands of England and they went out to rob from the rich to give to the poor.Charles the First‘attempt to overrule parliament in the 1640s led to a civil war in which parliamentary forces were victorious, and the king was executed. And then England was ruled by parliament‘s leader, Oliver Cromwell.The largest city of Scotland is Glasgow and the capital city is Edinburgh.Scotland was not conquered either by the Romans or the Anglo-Saxons.Like England Scotland began to experience Viking raid in the 9th century.Under the leadership of Robert the Bruce, the Scots were victorious at the Battle of Bannockburn, leading to 300 years of full independence.In 1603, Queen Elizabeth the First of England died childless, and the next in line to the throne was James the Sixth of Scotland, so he also became James the First of England, uniting the two thrones.In 1707 by agreement of English and Scottish parliaments, Scotland joined the Union.The Scotland Act 1998 provided for the establishment of the Scottish Parliament and Executive.Scottish writes have given the world such well-known work as Walter Scott‘s romances of highland Scotland and ―Auld Lang Syne‖ (by Robert Burns)The capital city of Wales is Cardiff.Unit 2 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom IIThe capital city of Northern Ireland is Belfast.The most famous landmark of Northern Ireland is the ―Giant‘s causeway‖, a rocky promontory made up of black hexagonal columns.From the time of Queen Elizabeth I the new settlers, loyal to the British crown and Protestant in religious persuasion, were granted land, position, and privileges which had been systematically take away from the indigenous, Roman Catholic population.―Great hatred, little room‖ was the way the modern poet W. B. Yeats described the situation. Until 1921 the full name of the UK was ―The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland‖, not only ―Northern Ireland‖, because the whole island of Ireland was politically integrated with Great Britain.The Easter Rising of 1916 was the most spectacular event, in which the rebels took over Dublin‘s Post Office, forcing the British to retake it by military means.In 1919 a group calling itself the IRA (Irish Republican Army) expanded the fighting.In the end the conflict became too great to ignore, and as the Sinn Fein party, who were supporters of the Irish terrorists, gained most of the Irish seats in the British parliament, Irish independence became inevitable.In 1921 the southern 26 counties formed an independent ―free state‖, while the 6 north-eastern counties remained a part the UK.In 1969, the first British soldiers were seen on Northern Irish streets.The official IRA thought enough progress had been made that they could concentrate on a political process, and run candidates for elections, but a strong faction felt that armed force was the only way to get the British out, and separated from the officials, calling themselves the ―Provisional IRA‖.In 1971 the Northern Irish government took the desperate step of imprisoning terrorist suspects from both sides without trial, a policy known as ―internment‖, which targeted primarily Catholic men in the North.In 1972 468 people were killed in Northern Ireland and that day has now been mythologiesed as ―Bloody Sunday‖, an important symbol of British oppression.In 1973, an agreement was reached between the main political parties in Northern Ireland, and importantly, the British and Irish governments, which led to a new form for the Northern Irish Parliament, with a Power-Sharing mechanism.The Sinn Fein party spoke of a twin campaign for union with Ireland, both political and military, which they called the policy of ―The Bullet and the Ballot Box‖.As a result of multi-party negotiations, aided this time by the intervention of the United States Senator George Mitchell, the Good Friday Agreement known also the Belfast Agreement, emerged on 10 April 1998.Unit 3 The Government of the United KingdomBritain is arguably the oldest representative democracy in the world, with roots that can be traced over a thousand years.The oldest institution of government is the Monarchy.The power of the monarchy was largely derived from the ancient doctrine of the ―divine right of kings‖The opposition was so powerful the king finally granted a gang of feudal barons and the Church a charter of liberty and political rights, still know by its medieval Latin name of Magna Carta, which is still regarded as Britain‘s key expression of the rights of citizens against the Crown.The civil war which brought the Roundheads to power in the 17th century was rooted in a dispute over the power of the king vis-à-vis Parliament.In 1689 Parliament passed the Bill of Rights which ensured that the King would never be able to ignore Parliament.In 1832, when a system for choosing the House of Commons by popular election replaced the monarch‘s job of appointing representatives, the modern political system was born.The party with the most supporters in the Commons forms the government, and by tradition, the leader of that party becomes Prime Minister.Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.British governance today is based upon the terms and conditions of the constitution.Israel and Britain are the only two countries without written constitutions of the sort which most countries have.The foundations of the British state are laid out in statute law, that is, laws passed by Parliament; the common laws, which are laws which have been established through common practice in the courts, not because Parliament has written them; and conventions, which are rules and practices which do not exist legally, but are nevertheless regarded as vital to the workings of government.Parliament is supreme in the British state because it alone has the power to change the terms of the Constitution.Strictly speaking, the Parliament today consists of the Queen, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.The role of the monarchy today is primarily to symbolize the tradition and unity of the British state.There are 724 Lords and 646 Members of Parliament in the House of Commons.Unit 4 Politics, Class and RaceIn 1928 it reached the current level of about 99% can vote (those excluded are Lords, certain categories of convicted criminals, the legally insane, and resident foreign citizens –except UK resident citizens of the Irish Republic)After a government has been in power for 5 years it has to resign and hold a ―general election‖, in which all British adults are given the chance to vote again for their constituency‘s MP.Anyone who is eligible to vote can stand as an MP. It is necessary only to make a deposit of 500 pounds which is lost if the candidate does not receive at least 5% of the vote.There are three major national parties: The Conservative party and the Labour party are the two biggest, and any general election is really about which of those two is going to govern. But there is a third important party, the Liberal Democrats.The Labour party is the newest of these three, created by the growing trade union movementat the end of the nineteenth century.The Conservative party is the party that spend most time in power.The Liberal Democrats are the third biggest party, and to some extent may be seen as a party of the ―middle‖, occupying the ideological ground between the two main parties.Margaret Thatcher is the UK‘s first woman Prime Minister.The car-worker probably reads a paper like The Sun: a newspaper with little heard news and more about TV soap operas, the Royal family, and sport. The university teacher might read The Guardian: a larger newspaper with longer stories, covering national and international news, ―high‖ culture such as theatre and literature, and so on.Unit 5 The UK EconomyThe UK is now the world‘s sixth largest economy.The UK is not only a member of the G7, G8, G20 major economies, but also a member of the World Trade Organization.Firstly, the country had gone heavily into debt in order to finance the war, selling many of its accumulated overseas assets, and borrowing large amounts from the United States and Canada.Secondly, the ear of empire was over. India, popularly known as ―The Jewel in the Crown‖ of the British Empire, gained its independence in 1947.Thirdly, despite the relatively rapid and trouble-free process of decolonization, Britain has still forced to maintain a substantial and expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the process was completed.Fourthly, although Britain was quite badly damaged by German bombing during the war, its industry survived comparatively unaffected. This failure to invest sufficiently in industry also reflects a long-standing and continuing problem in the UK economy.National economies can be broken down into three main areas: ―primary‖ industries, such as agriculture, fishing, and mining; ―secondary‖ industries, which manufacture complex goods from those primary products; and tertiary industries, often described as services, such as banking, insurance, tourism, and the selling of goods.Britain‘s agricultural sector is small but efficient, producing 58% of the UK‘s food needs with only 2% of its workforce.Scottish ports land the majority of the fish caught.Three of the biggest ten companies in Britain are to be found in the energy sector: Shell, British Petroleum (BP), and British Gas.The World‘s largest mining company, RTZ, is a UK company which operates mines all over the world.The British company Glaxo-Wellcome is the biggest drug company in the world.70% of the UK‘s workforce are employed in the service sector.London is one of the top three financial centres in the world. It has the greatest concentration of foreign banks in the world, accounts for 20% of all international bank-loans, and is the world‘s largest foreign exchange market. As well as banking, dealing in commodities and insurance are important processes in ―The City‖—the name given to the historic area at the centre of London where all this business is concentrated, at the heart of which is London Stock Exchange, one of the business share-dealing centres in the world.Aerospace is one of the UK‘s highest value adding manufacturing sectors.Unit 6 British LiteratureThe major literature competition is the annual Booker Prize.Much early British writing was concerned with Christianity: Anglo-Saxons produced beautifully illustrated versions of the Bible: the most famous of these is the Book of Kells. One of the oldest of these early ―Old English‖ litrary works is long poem from Anglo-Saxon times called Beowulf.One work from Norman Conquest times often studied today by middle school and college students is The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer, who was the first court poet to write in English.There was a general flowering of cultural and intellectual life in Europe during the 15th and 16th century which is known as ―The Renaissance‖.Christopher Marlowe‘s most famous play is The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus, the story of a man who sold his soul to the devil in return for power.William Shakespeare is probably the best-known literary figure in the world.The tragedies include Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth.Among the comedies are The Taming of the Shrew, A Midsummer Night‘s Dream, Twelfth Night, and The Tempest.A permanent monument of English literature style commemorates James‘s name. He ordered the translation of the Holy Scriptures known as the King James Bible(1611).The Essays of Frances Bacon made popular in English a literary form widely practiced afterward.The literary giant of the 17th century, John Milton was much bound up in Puritan Revolution. The most famous pamphlets is Areopagitica. During his retirement from public life he produced his masterpieces: Paradise Lost, its sequel, Paradise Regained, and the poetic tragedy Samson Agonistes.Johnthan Swift‘s name is linked with the fanciful account of four voyages known to us as Guliver‘s Travels.Scotland produced a much-loved poet, Robert Burns, who wrote in Scottish dialect.Daniel Defoe ‗s first and greatest novel appeared in 1719, which was Robinson Crusoe, the most famous tale of shipwreck and solitary survival in all literature.Two poets offered what had been called romantic poetry‘s ―Declaration of Independence.‖This was a volume of poems called Lyrical Ballads, written by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge.George Gordon, Lord Byron‘s large body of work includes the partly autobiographical Childe Harold‘s Pilgrimage. Don Juan owed its title.John Keats‘s art is nowhere greater than in the two pomes ―Ode on a Grecian Urn‖ and ‖Ode to a Nightingale.‖Percy Bysshe Shelley‘s writing has a wide range. The lovely musical quality of his work appears in the fine verses of ―Ode to the West Wind‖ and ―To a Skylark‖The spirit of Romanticism also occurred in the novel, notably in Mary Shelley‘s (the poet Shelly‘s wife) Frankenstein, the story of science gone wrong through the disastrous consequences of an arrogant scientist‘s attempts to create life.Most of Sir Walter Scott‘s themes came from medieval and Scottish history and he wrote a number of romantic novels.Jane Austen, who excelled at this form of writing, is indeed one of the greatest of all Englishnovelists. A delightful, almost flawless stylist, she has devoted admirers of her Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, and Emma, among other works.Perhaps the most famous literary family in British history are the Bronte sisters, and they too were influenced by the Romantic movement. Charlotte Bronte‘s Jane Eyre and Emily‘s Wuthering Heights are the most successful.Charles Dickens produced Pickwick Papers, Oliver Twist, David Copperfield and Great Expectations.Later in the 19th century Robert Louis Stevenson also wrote Scottish historical romances, The Adventures in Treasure Island and Kidnapped thrill readers young and old. His most famous short novel was The strange Case of Doctor Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.Among Thomas Hardy‘s better-known novels are The Return of the Native, Tess of the D‘urbervilles, and Jude the Obscure.20th century literature can be broadly divided into two stylistic periods: Modernism, and Postmodernism.One of the most famous of English modernist writers is Joseph Conrad, whose most famous novel is The Heart of Darkness.Virginia Woolf is another writer associated with Modernism, and one of the most famous writers of the century. Mrs. Dalloway, To the Lighthouse, and Orlando are among her best-known books.D.H. Lawrence wrote Sons and Lovers.Unit 7 British Education SystemMany people think school is just about teaching children what are often called ―the three Rs‖–―reading, riting and rithmetic‖. But the purpose of the British education system is also to socialize children.The school (or college) tie is a clear marker of social class.Education in the UK is compulsory. Children are legally obliged to attend school from the age of 5 (4 in Northern Ireland) to 16.State schools are funded by local and central government. The government also sometimes assists schools established by religious groups.In the private sector there are independent schools which are commonly, but confusingly, called public schools. Independent schools receive their funding through the private sector and through tuition rates, with some government assistance.Between the ages of 5 to 11, pupils mainly attend state sector primary schools.From the age of 11 up to around the age of 19, students attend secondary schools.General Certificate of Secondary Education are the main means of assessing pupils‘ progress in their final 2 years of compulsory education.Other pupils who decide not to go to university may choose to take vocational training.So far, the UK has only one privately funded university, the University of Buckingham. Oxford and Cambridge date from the 12th and 13 centuries.The Open University offers a non-traditional route for people to take university level courses and receive a university degree.Unit 8 The British MediaThe observer, which is still published every Sunday, first appeared in 1791, making it theworld‘s oldest Sunday newspaper, while The Times, which began publishing in 1785, is the United Kingdom‘s oldest daily newspaper.This watchdog function, keeping an eye on the government, is one of the reasons why a free press is considered so important to the functioning of parliamentary democracy.The British media all must follow the Advertising Code which ensure that advertisements are legal, decent, honest and truthful; have a sense of responsibility for consumer and society; and respect the principles of fair competition.Until the 1980s, almost all the national newspapers had their headquarters on or around Fleet Street in London, and sometimes you will hear newspaper culture referred to still as ―Fleet Street‖, or even, sometimes, the Street of Shame, reflecting the birth of scandals which take place.While officially speaking the British press is ―free‖ from government control and censorship and can print what it likes, there are limits to what will appear in the daily paper.The oldest and most popular soap, which began in the 1960s, is Coronation Street.The British Broadcasting Corporation –more familiarly known as the BBC or even ―the Beeb‖– us Britain‘s main public service broadcaster.The BBC is funded by license fees and viewers must buy a license each year for their TV set. Unit 9 Sports, Holidays and Festivals in Britain―Football hooligans‖, supporters of rival teams, sometimes clash before, during and after matches and occasionally run riot through the town, breaking windows and beating each other up.Wimbledon, actually a London suburb, is where the world‘s best players gather to compete on grass courts. It is one of the major events of the British sporting calendar and probably the most famous tennis event in the world.Cricket was one of the very first team sports in Britain to have organized rules and to be played according to the same rules nationally.The game of golf was invented by the Scottish.The true sport of British Kings and Queens is not skiing or golfing, but horse racing.There are two kinds of horse racing: flat racing, where horses and riders compete on a flat, oval track; and steeple-chasing, which is racing either across the countryside, or around a course designed to represent the obstacles you might encounter in the countryside. Christmas, December 25th, is the biggest and best loved British holiday.There are three Christmas traditions which are particularly British: one is the Christmas Pantomime, a comical musical play.Another British Christmas tradition is to hear the Queen give her Christmas message to her realm over the television and radio.A third British tradition, which is also celebrated in countries with British heritages, is Boxing Day, which falls on the day after Christmas.For church goers it is Easter, not Christmas, which is the most important Christian festival. One of Britain‘s most impressive and colourful festival happens on the second Saturday in June when the Queen‘s Birthday is officially celebrated by ―Trooping the Colour‖around Buckingham Palace in London.The UK, unlike most countries, does not have a ―national day‖.One truly English holiday is Bonfire Night –sometimes called Guy Fawkes Night –celebrated in the early autumn.The Twelfth is the high point of what is known as the Marching Season, when Protestant ―Orangemen‖ take to the streets wearing their traditional unifors of bowler hats, black suits and orange sashes, marching through the streets sing, banging durms and playing in marching bands.Northern Irish Catholics celebrate the birthday of the patron saint of Ireland, St Patrick, on March 17 each year.How Hogmanay is celebrated varies throughout Scotland, but one widely practiced is ―first footing‖.Each year Scottish people all over the world celebrate their most beloved national poet, Robert Burns, by holding a Burns Supper on the evening of his birthday.Halloween is a Scottish festival that comes from the great feast of the pagan Celts which marked the arrival of the winter half of the year.Wales has some of the oldest and richest literary, musical and poetic traditions in Europe.。
It's come down to one state. Ohio. 这样就取决于最后一个州俄亥俄州Fuck Ohio. 去他的俄亥俄This is the campaign. 这就是竞选We're here at this camp selling ourselves. 我们在这个营地推销自己I like Mark, because I always know where he stands. 我喜欢马克因为我总是知道他的立场It's usually on someone's neck. 通常是对人步步紧逼- Not mine. - Mark Usher's no one's friend. -不是我的 -马克·厄舍不是任何人的朋友Declaration of war? 宣战怎么样The committee? That's done. 委员会那已经完了You want what they all want. 你和他们想要的东西一样A better seat at the table. 更好的地位And that is something that I can give you. 这我可以给你Thank you again, Mr. Barnes, 再次感谢巴恩斯先生for letting me take a look. 谢谢你让我看I just can't seem to throw anything out. 我不忍扔掉任何东西No matter how dire things look... 不管情况看起来多糟糕...you're gonna come out of this alive. 你都能熬出头的- Well, we are way past October. - We certainly are. -十月早就过了 -确实I must say, I didn't expect to be back here so soon. 我得说我没想到这么快就会再来I'll make sure the Republicans 我会确保共和党人don't come to my candidate's defense. 不会维护我的候选人But you're going to win. 但您会胜选You're an Underwood, after all. 你毕竟是安德伍德家的人The general talked about killing the president. 将军竟然说要杀死总统That, along with Conway's outburst on the plane-- 再加上康威在飞机上的爆发That sounds worse than it was. 这么说好像夸大了实际情况No, that sounds exactly as bad as it was. 不实际情况就是这么严重What's surprising to me is... 让我觉得惊讶的是the campaign couldn't get their hands around this. 选举团队竟然应对不过来I mean, Harry Marshall is as good as they come, but-- 哈里·马歇尔已经很厉害了First they denied, and then they equivocated-- 他们先是否认接着又模棱两可I mean, that's just, like, ridiculous. 这简直太荒唐了You just come out, 你站出来"I apologize. We misspoke." "我道歉我们说错话了"Everybody knows the drill here. 所有人都知道这套路And it's not like the Republicans rushed in 共和党人也没有冲过去帮他们to save the day either. 力挽狂澜- Off message throughout. - They got quiet. -完全不谈正题 -他们默不作声Which I will never understand. 这一点我怎么也想不通Will Conway was a rising star in the party. 威尔·康威可是党内冉冉升起的新星Look, it's hard to compete with the Underwood machine.怎么能跟安德伍德政治机器相匹敌呢God. Let's not do the whole "black helicopters" crazy stuff. 天啊我们别再说这些"阴谋占领"的疯话了It's ridiculous. 太荒唐了Look, we need to accept Underwood won the election.我们得接受安德伍德赢得大选这一事实People need to accept the outcome and move on. 公众得接受这个结果继续前进I'm gonna agree with Van. 我同意范的观点I think we need to take a moment to appreciate the Constitution. 我觉得我们应该感激宪法I think we need to take a moment to appreciate the Constitution. 它会弯折[妥协]It bent,- but it never broke. - That's right. -但不会折断[毁坏] -说得没错And in the end, as we all know, 我们都知道到最后it came down to the Electoral College. 还是由选举人团决定You don't have to say the words, Governor. 你不用说那句话州长I think I do. 我应该说Congratulations, Mr. President Elect. 恭喜当选总统先生There's no script for this one? 这次没有稿子吗Country first, sir. 国家第一先生I'm glad to hear you say that, Will. 我很高兴你这么说威尔I want to start to help the country heal again. 我想帮这个国家愈合Are we done? 说完了吗We are done. But Will... 说完了但是威尔I would very much like to show the country 我很想向国家展示that our two parties can work together. 我们两党可以齐心协作So I was hoping that you might consider 我希望你考虑becoming my transportation secretary. 做我的运输部长I think it would send a powerful message 如果你同意加入我的内阁if you agreed to join my cabinet. 会发出一个强有力的信号You think I'd... 你觉得我能make a good... transportation secretary? 当好运输部长吗Yes. 没错That's what you give the congressman from nowhere. 这是开给无名议员的条件I'll be declining. 我会拒绝的Well, I'm so sorry to hear that, Will. 听到你这么说真是太遗憾了威尔And I wanted to wish you the very best. 我想祝你一切顺利You and your wishes can go fuck yourselves! 去你的去你的祝福What do I do now? 我现在做什么...everyone thought it would happen. 所有人都以为威尔会赢No one thought that Underwood would win again... 没人想到安德伍德还能赢I don't know. 我不知道Acknowledging defeat is never easy. 承认失败从来都不容易Doing it in public is a living hell. 在公众面前承认更是无比煎熬Well, at least the cameras like him. 起码媒体喜欢他Do I look satisfied? 我看着满意吗You look somewhat satisfied. 你看着还算满意- Good. - Not good. -好 -"好"可不够Francis, enjoy this moment. 弗兰西斯享受这一刻吧- You deserve it. - You mean "we." -这是你应得的 -是"我们"吧We made it to the other side. 我们成功到达另一边了Yes. 是啊But what is on the other side? 但另一边有什么Victory. 胜利With a whiff of defeat. 稍带点失败的气息It's taken a long time to get here, 花了好久才走到这一步but we're here. 但我们到了Cheers, Francis. 干杯弗兰西斯Everything gets easier from now on. 今后一切都会变得容易They're ready for you. 他们准备好了- Hannah. - I don't want to go. -汉娜 -我不想去No. 不Fine. 好吧I'll do it on my own. 那我自己去吧I'm gonna say, this is a crucial moment. 要知道这是个重要时刻For both of you. 对你们两个都是How you handle tonight. 看你们如何应对The party abandoned me. 党抛弃了我Your party. 你的党I'm not the Republican Party, Will. 我不是共和党威尔I work for candidates. 我只为候选人效力I worked for you. 我为你效力Listen, you lost. 听好你输了But more than half the country 但还有一多半国民still considers you their president. 仍认为你是他们的总统This is what's required. 你必须要面对他们Go down there, give your speech. 走出去发表讲话Concede. 认输吧As I accept all of your letters of resignation 我正式接受各位的辞呈and dissolve my old cabinet, 并解散我的旧内阁I wanna welcome each and every one of you to my new cabinet.然后我想欢迎在座各位加入我的新内阁- Congratulations, Mr. President. - Thank you, Cathy. -恭喜你总统先生 -谢谢凯茜And I especially wanna thank my wife. 我尤其想感谢我的妻子Madam Vice President... 副总统女士thank you for your unending and unwavering support. 感谢你对我长期坚定的支持Your steady hand kept this country running this past month. 这一个月来你的坚强领导维持了国家的运作I owe her more than I can possibly fathom. 我欠她太多多到我无法想象And she owes me. 而她也欠我Not true. You were with me all the way. 不对你一直在我身边支持着我I would like to make my first 100 days 作为合法当选总统as the duly elected president as productive as possible.我希望我的头一百天能取得尽可能多的成绩Of course, there are many challenges. 当然挑战还是很多的Shoring up the economy, 提振经济securing our nation from ICO 保护我国不受哈里发国攻击and reducing unemployment. 还要降低失业率But the biggest challenge that we face, 但我们面对的最艰巨的问题and the one that I'm going to need all of your help on, 也是我最需要各位通力协助的挑战is reuniting a country 就是重新团结全国that has never been more divided than it is today. 弥合这个国家前所未有的裂痕I believe we can meet this challenge, 我相信我们可以迎难而上and that's where I'm gonna need all of your help. 而我需要各位的帮助So let's let the healing begin today 所以今天我们就开始治愈国家and let's make history together. 共同创造历史吧I thank you all for your continued service. 感谢你们长久的辛勤奉献Now let's get back to work. 现在回去工作吧I need a minute. 我需要一分钟I think we should see what we can do 我想我们应该早做打算about making Usher persona non grata. 把厄舍赶走I don't think that's wise to start a war. 现在开战不合适吧We've just won the White House. 我们才刚刚拿下白宫This is exactly when we should strike. 现在才是出手的最佳时机This is a moment that we have the political capital... 只有现在我们才有足够的政治资本Usher needs to be managed carefully. 厄舍必须小心处理Mr. President? 总统先生Take a breath, Doug. 喘口气吧道格We've only just landed on our feet here. 我们才刚刚站稳脚跟Sir, Madam Vice President, 先生副总统女士this is the type of person that we used to crucify in the House. 过去在众议院这种人就是重点打击对象Yes, but we're not in the House now. We're here. 但现在我们不在众议院我们在白宫We have a full term ahead of us. 我们还有一整个任期呢There's gonna be a great deal 我们肯定会取得that we're gonna be able to accomplish, 非常多的成就the three of us. 咱们三个合作I appreciate that, sir. 感谢您的器重先生But Mark Usher will become a problem. 但是马克·厄舍早晚会变成麻烦的Well, everyone becomes a problem, eventually. 每个人早晚都会变成麻烦LeAnn's out. 莉安出局了What? 什么Why? 为什么She screwed up. 她搞砸了Well, is it something I need to get ready for? 有什么需要我准备的吗The Underwoods want this handled indirectly. 安德伍德夫妇希望间接处理她So what exactly are we saying? 所以我们具体该说什么She's being pushed out. 她被赶走了Okay, but the campaign's over. 好但是选举结束了Is it necessary to say anything? 还有必要对外说什么吗We need to distance this administration 我们需要撇清本届政府与她from her and her work. 和她工作的关系Her tactics. 还有她的策略So it needs to be a leak. 得装成是泄露出去的Reach out to the people who don't like us. 泄露给不喜欢我们的人They'll be prime to go with it. 他们肯定乐意爆料Okay, so when we respond... 等我们回应的时候- On the record or... - On. -是公开还是 -公开What did she do? 她做了什么She showed some very poor judgment. 她展现出了很差的判断力I'm trusting you to be discreet. 我相信你会谨慎的We won, Seth. 我们赢了赛斯Changes need to be made. 需要做出一些改变You know I'm off politics. 你知道我已经远离政治了Surprised you reached out to me. 你来找我我真的很惊讶You're a highly-respected journalist. 你是一位非常受人尊敬的记者Just here for the inauguration and the parties. 就是来参加就职典礼和舞会而已So I imagine you've heard that I'm on the outs. 我想你已经听说了我被赶走了They're not telling the whole story. 他们没有说出全部实情So what happened? 发生了什么An acquaintance of mine 我有个熟人stole classified documents from the NSA 从国安局偷了机密文件and took off to Russia. 去了俄罗斯They're blaming me for it. 他们因为这件事责怪我What did this acquaintance take? 你这个熟人带走的是什么That's just the thing. I have no idea. 问题就是这个我也不知道If you could find him, talk to him, 要是你能找到他跟他谈谈he would tell you that I had nothing to do with this. 他会告诉你我和这事一点关系都没有Who is he? What's his name? 他是谁他叫什么Aidan Macallan. 艾丹·麦卡伦He'll talk to you. He respects you. 他会跟你谈的他尊重你Tell him that I'm okay. 告诉他我现在没事That I'm going to be okay. 以后也会没事的I'm a firm believer in boots on the ground. 我坚信派遣地面部队Well, we're there for the oil. Let's not pretend. 我们就是为了石油去的别装了I'm not denying how crucial it is to protect the oil supply. 我不否认保护原油供应的重要性But it's in the world's best interest 但由我们来盯住that we're the ones keeping an eye on it. 对整个世界都好- On the world or the oil? - Both. -盯住世界还是石油 -都是Well, that explains your strong interest in Antarctica. 难怪你对南极那么感兴趣I do focus on things and people. 我确实关注事情和人I tend to get attached, 我常会起怜惜之情but I think it makes me better at what I do. 但我觉得这让我的工作更加出色And what are you focused on now? 你现在关注什么Petrov. Ahmed Al Ahmadi. To begin with. 首先是佩特罗夫和艾哈迈德·艾哈迈迪I'm... I'm sorry. 抱歉I just... 我只是I'll run this by you tomorrow. 我明天再问你的意见Yes, tomorrow. 好明天Sorry for the interruption. 抱歉打断你们了He's one of our speechwriters. 他是我们的一个演讲撰稿人Tom Yates has quite a reputation. 汤姆·耶茨很有名Well, if his books are any indication, 要是他的书能说明什么的话he has lived quite a life. 他的生活可很精彩My father wore striped socks. 我爸爸也穿条纹袜Do you think the president will be sympathetic to our agenda?你觉得总统会赞同我们的议程吗"Our agenda"? That's very presumptuous. "我们的议程" 这么说太自负了Well, there are regions in the world 这世界上有些地区that are important to our national security 对我们的国家安全很重要and they have to be protected. 我们必须保护这些地区Would you like to join us at the inaugural ball? 你想跟我们一起参加就职舞会吗Oh, no, I can't. 不行Something terrible always happens when I go to a party. 只要我去舞会就会发生可怕的事By the way, my husband is not managed by anyone. 顺说我丈夫不会受任何人的摆布- That's not what I'm asking. - Isn't it? -我不是这个意思 -不是吗I'm asking for your help, Madam Vice President. 我是想让你帮忙副总统女士That is all. 仅此而已Evening. 晚上好Oh, my God. Come in. 天啊进来吧I'm sorry. Sit down, sit down. 抱歉坐吧坐吧Aren't we working out tonight? 今晚不锻炼了吗I just don't think I'm gonna have the time for it. 我应该是没时间了But come sit for a minute. 过来坐一会儿If you're too busy, 要是你太忙的话- I understand-- - No, no. Join me for a minute. -我能理解 -不来跟我坐会儿I want you to hear something. 我想让你听点东西"This is the dawn of a new era. "这是新时代的黎明It's a time for peace. 这是和平的时代A time to respect the past and embrace the future. 要尊重过去拥抱未来A time..." 要..."Time to what? 要什么"A time to hear all the voices. "要聆听所有声音For there is nothing more lonely... 因为世间最大的孤独or terrifying... 恐怖than feeling unheard." 便是无人聆听"What do you think? 你觉得怎么样It's interesting. I like it. 有意思我喜欢- This is for... - My inauguration, yes. -这是为了 -我的就职典礼没错Where does it go from there? What do you say? 然后呢你接下去怎么说"America, I hear you. "美国人民我听到了你们的声音Whether you voted for me or not, 无论你们是否投票给了我I hear all of you." 我听到了你们所有人的声音"Now, what do you think my great-great-great-grandfather 你觉得我的曾曾曾祖父would think of all this? 会怎么评价这些Awesome. 令人敬畏[非常好]- In the original sense of the word. - Yeah. -就这词原本的意思 -是啊How long you in town for? 你要在这儿待多久Leaving tonight, actually. 实际上今晚就走I thought you were here for the inauguration. 我以为你是来参加就职典礼的I got a tip I have to move on. 我收到了一条消息得走了What's the tip? 什么消息We used to have a rule about shoptalk. 咱们以前对工作谈话可是有规矩的Did we? 是吗Fair enough. 好吧What's your read on LeAnn Harvey? 你怎么看莉安·哈维That she's hard to read. That's what I like about her. 她很难看透这也是我喜欢她之处You trust her? 你信任她Kate, come on. 凯特拜托You look tired. 你很憔悴I'm working eight days a week. 我现在一周工作八天I mean, you always looked tired, 你以前也总是很憔悴的样子but now you look tired in a... not sexy way. 但你现在的憔悴不那么性感了Sorry to disappoint. 抱歉让你失望了I actually have to get back there in a minute. 其实我马上就得回去了It's little late to head back to the office, right? 这会儿回办公室有点晚了吧I've been there since last Tuesday. 我从上周二起就一直在那边Honestly... 说实话I know this sounds weird... 我知道这话听起来有点怪There's no place I'd rather be. 但我没有更想去的地方了The way you say that sounds so... rote. 你这话的语气真...生硬I don't know... 我说不好What am I supposed to say to that? 这让我怎么回应I just want to know how you're doing, that's all. 我只想知道你好不好仅此而已I'm just asking about you, this person I'm sitting with. 我只是关心你坐在我眼前的这个人Where'd you go, Tom Yates? 你想什么呢汤姆·耶茨I was looking for you. 我找你来着Not very hard, then. 看来找得不够用心啊I need to talk to you. 我得跟你谈谈Okay. 好I'm done. 我不干了With the speechwriting, I don't want to do it anymore. 我不想再写演讲稿了I want to get back to some other stuff I was working on. 我想回去做我之前在做的其他事No offense. I mean, I know writing speeches is writing... 没别的意思我知道写演讲稿也是写作but it's not what I really wanna do. 但这不是我真正想做的Okay. 好You sure? 你确定Yes. 是的We'll transition you out. 我们会把你调出去的But you'll need to have a reason to be here. 但你以后再来就得想好借口了Special advisor? Are you kidding me? 特别顾问你逗我吗There's speculation that he's already... 有猜测说他已经...It's not speculation, Seth. 这不是猜测赛斯People know that Mark Usher is working for us in some capacity.人们知道马克·厄舍在某种程度上为我们工作- I mean, isn't that enough? - Clean up this release. -那还不够吗 -把发布写得好一点Uh, reaching across party lines, that sort of thing. 突破党派界限之类的- And get it ready, just in case. - Of course. -准备好以防万一 -当然That's it. 就这样I know you're not happy about this. 我知道你不高兴What has he done to earn the title? 他凭什么能赢得那头衔This is not about him earning anything. 这不是他赢得什么的问题He's already getting classified memos. 他已经在接触机密备忘录了Why does she want this? 她为什么想这样"She"? "她"I'm sorry. The vice president. 抱歉我是说副总统What she wants is for this administration to succeed. 她想要的是让这个政府成功And what I want is for you to befriend him. Get to know him. 而我想要的是你跟他成为朋友了解他We want him to think he's managing us 我们要让他以为是他在操控我们while we're busy managing him. 而其实是我们在控制他She has been pursuing Francis Underwood for a long time. 她追查弗兰西斯·安德伍德很久了- I don't wanna talk to her. - Aidan... -我不想和她谈 -艾丹How does she even know I'm here? 她怎么知道我在这儿的Miss Baldwin is a very good journalist. 鲍德温女士是个非常优秀的记者Yeah, going public will not help you, or me. 把事情公开对你和我都没帮助You'll tell her how you manipulated the American mood, hmm? 你就跟她说说你是怎么操纵美国民意的- How you helped steal an election. - That would be it for me. -你是怎么偷走大选胜利的 -那我就完了You're a valued guest of the Russian state. 你可是我们俄罗斯联邦的贵客I want my passport back. 我想要回我的护照An American passport is the last thing that will keep you safe. 美国护照是绝对保护不了你的I'll take my chances. 我愿赌一把This will make you famous, hmm? A whistle-blower. 这下你要出名了当个告密者I don't wanna be famous. 我不想出名But you do want to be free. 但你想要自由You spent $15,000 at The Capital Grille? 你光饭钱就花了一万五What the fuck are you eating? 你吃金子吗- This is Romero using the House Ethics... - It's a liability. -这是罗梅洛利用纪律委员会 -这是把柄And you should know better. 你就不该犯这种错How did you not disclose this, Terry? 这事你怎么没说过泰瑞I want to pull him off his committee assignments. 我想把他踢出委员会Put him on Science. See how he likes NASA briefings. 扔进科学委员会看他喜不喜欢宇航局报告I'd like to hold off on that. 先缓缓吧Romero's about to become an ally to the president. 罗梅洛就要成为总统的亲密盟友了And why's that? 怎么会呢Because he was able to find out about your tab. 因为他能查出你的账单有问题It's because he's relentless. 因为他从不轻易放手Because in four years, 35% of the vote in Arizona will be Latino.因为四年后亚利桑那州35%的选民是拉丁裔Because he's the future. 因为他就是未来This is how it starts. 就是这么开始的I gotta get back to the Hill. 我得回国会去了You know, Doug... 跟你说道格you and I, we've been around long enough to see the guard change. 你我都待得够久见过换护卫And it changes because the people at the top 之所以会换人是因为上头那些人forget how they got there. 忘了自己是怎么爬上去的Romero's trying to change the guard, Doug. 罗梅洛也想换护卫道格And we are the guard. 而我们就是护卫If Congressman Womack has nothing to hide, 要是乌麦克议员无所隐瞒he has nothing to fear. 那他就没什么好怕的We all have something to hide, Congressman Romero. 我们都有要隐瞒的事罗梅洛议员It's time for a change in the leadership. 领导层该换人了The president would like to be a friend to you, 总统想当你的朋友but you're making it very difficult. 但你让他很难做We can guarantee the immigration ban 我们可以保证移民禁令will be lifted in the next week. 下星期就会取消Come on. Are we doing this again? 拜托又来这一套吗You offer me some racist gesture. 你开个种族歧视的条件And I, what? I'm a friend forever? Ban isn't even sustainable. 我怎么就当死党吗本来你也禁不住What matters to you? 你最在乎的究竟是什么- The president's attention. - You have it. -总统的注意力 -你有啊- His full attention... - You know, that's enough. -全部的注意力 -你过分了What is it that you really want? 你到底想要什么I want Medicare coverage bumped up to where it was. 我想要医保覆盖率调回原来的水平There are retirees in my district. 我的选区有不少退休工人We're here now because you want a bump in Medicare? 你见我就只想要扩大医保吗Come on, Congressman. 得了吧议员And two seats to the inauguration. 还有两个就职典礼的座位- We are two days out. - On the dais. -就剩两天了 -讲台座位You are going about this entirely wrong. 你的算盘完全打错了You came here. You asked me. 是你主动来找我是你求我I'm telling you. 我告诉你I want to be there when Francis Underwood says to me我就想看弗兰西斯·安德伍德当着我的面that there will be an increase in Medicare. 宣布提高医保水平He does that, I'm his friend. 只要他一句话我就是他铁哥们Well, I think I speak for the president 那我现在就可以代表总统when I say that's not going to happen. 告诉你这事根本不可能Mr. Stamper, I really appreciate all the work you do for him, 斯坦普先生我真的很钦佩你为他做的一切but you and I know that my bloc is growing. 但你我都知道我的党团在扩大All I'm looking for is a line in his address. 我只要求他在就职讲话里说句话Two seats and a line. 两个座位一句话- The balls on him. - I told him it was highly doubtful. -好大的胆子 -我告诉他基本没可能I can get back to him with a firm no. 我可以再回去正式拒绝他Or you could give him a line. 或者你可以答应他提一句His promises are unreliable. 他的保证很不可靠Look, I know Alex. We met on Conway's campaign. 我了解艾力克斯我们在康威竞选时见过面Once he's in, he's in. 只要他加入就一定死心塌地Sir, we have to be very careful with what we're giving away. 总统先生我们得谨慎决定要给出什么条件He's capable of giving this administration 他能给政府带来an enormous amount of grief. 巨大的困扰He's asking for a gesture. 他只是想让我们对他示好Oh, I'd say it's a little more than that. 要我说可不止I completely agree. He's going after the people who got us here. 完全同意他想找帮我们获胜的人的麻烦He's not wrong, is he? 他并没有错对吗There are some in leadership whose time has come and gone. 有些领导层的人确实该下台了Look... I'm just here to make sure 瞧我是来确保your four years turn into eight, but... 你能连任的it's up to you, of course. 但决定权还是在你手上But we're talking about two seats... one line... 他要的不过是两个座位一句话Give him what he wants. 答应他的要求Alex. 艾力克斯Tilda. It's lovely to see you. 蒂尔达很高兴见到你- How are you, Congressman? - Oh, I'm fine. -你好吗议员 -挺好的It's good of you all to be here. It's a big day. 很高兴你们都来了今天是个大日子Listen, why don't the two of you take my seats? 要不你们坐我的位子Oh, thanks, but we're already on the aisle. 谢了我们已经被安排在走道旁了I insist. 你们务必收下You'll be right in the president's line of vision when he... 这样总统说到你想听的话时says what you want to hear. 你正好能与他对视Please. I can be anywhere. 请吧我在哪都行Okay. 好吧- Thank you, Mark. - Sure. -谢谢你马克 -别客气I, Francis J. Underwood, do solemnly swear... 我弗兰西斯·安德伍德庄严宣誓I, Francis J. Underwood, do solemnly swear... 我弗兰西斯·安德伍德庄严宣誓That I will faithfully execute... 我必忠实执行...That I will faithfully execute... 我必忠实执行...The office of President of the United States. 合众国总统职务The office of Pres-- Yes, here we go again. 合众国总统...是的这一幕似曾相识Secretary of State. That's what I wanted. 国务卿那时我是想要这个位子That's all I wanted. That's what I was promised. 我只想要这个位子也是当时许诺给我的And now, here I am, 而现在瞧瞧我President of these United States. 成了美国总统You made this bed, America. 美国人民这是你们促成的You voted for me. 是你们投票给我的Are you confused? 困惑吗Are you afraid? 害怕吗Because what you thought you wanted is now here. 因为你以为的梦想成真了And there you are, staring back, 现在你在看着我slack-jawed, bewildered, 目瞪口呆一头雾水wondering if this is what you actually asked for. 心想这究竟是不是你们想要的This democracy, your democracy, elected me. 是民主你们的民主选择了我And if you think it was hard getting here, 如果你觉得走到今天实属不易you're beginning to understand what I'm willing to do to stay.你就能开始明白为了保住权位我会不惜一切I look across at this crowd gathered today 我一眼望向拥挤的人群and I know that these are not my supporters. 我很清楚他们不是我的支持者I'm looking at people who are waiting, 我看到的是一群脸上挂着微笑with a smile on their face, for their turn. 等待着自己的机会来临的人And the most vicious among them 那些笑得最开怀are the ones who are smiling and clapping the hardest. 鼓掌最热烈的人也是其中最阴险的Power is a lot like real estate. Remember? 权力正如房地产还记得吗- So help me God. - So help me God. -愿上帝助我 -愿上帝助我America, I hear you. 美国人民我听到了你们的声音I hear all your voices. 我听到了你们所有人的声音I hear your struggles, your concerns, 我听到了你们的挣扎你们的担忧but most of all, I hear your hope. 但最重要的是我听到了你们的希望Opportunity and security is what we all want. 每个人都希望得到机会和保障And in my first 100 days, I will reach across party lines 所以在我上任后的百天之内我会团结两党and devote my administration, your government, 让我的政府也是你们的政府to securing them. 保障你们的需要For too long we have ignored 老年人以及他们所依赖的our seniors and the healthcare they depend on. 医疗保险已经被我们忽视了太久That is why I am committed to fixing Medicare 所以我要致力于改善医保政策before I devote one more dime to the program. 取得成效前我不会增加一毛钱预算AmWorks was only the beginning. 《美就法》只是个开始We have to learn to live without entitlements, 我们得学会不再依赖福利津贴because we are not an entitled people. 因为我们不是不劳而获的民族I believe in your sweat. I believe in your hard work. 我相信你们的每一滴汗水每一分耕耘And a job, that's what I'll promise you today. 我今天要向大家承诺的就是就业机会You couldn't give him one line? 你连一句话都不能给他吗We give no quarter to those that are disloyal. 对不忠诚的人我们一个子也不会给The message sent today wasn't just for him. 今天传达的信息不是针对他一人- Alex feeds off of retribution. - So do I. -报仇会燃起艾力克斯的斗志 -我也是- Is he worth the fight? - There is no neutrality. -他值得你引战吗 -没有中间地带I expect total loyalty or you are an enemy. 我要求完全的忠诚不然你就是我的敌人Understood, Mr. President. 明白了总统先生What are you thinking? 你怎么想What are you thinking? BGM: My Country, 'Tis of Thee。
The Republican Party candidates for the last two US presidential elections Mitt Romney and John McCain have denounced thefront-runner for this year's nomination Donald Trump. Mr. Romney described him as a bully and a conman who was unfit to lead the country. Mr. Trump has hit back. He said Mitt Romney was a disastrouscandidate in the last presidential race. Barbara Plett Usher reports. The Republican establishment is finally saying that we've really got to do something. So you got this intervention by Mitt Romney which I think is the most high level one so far, but you also have others beginning to speak as senator John McCain. The House speaker Paul Ryan has made somestatements you got, Business leaders getting together to pump millions into a political action community that is going to put out attack ads against Mr. Trump. The math is what they're trying to do is to stop him from getting enough votes to outright get the nomination before the national convention in July.The North Korean leader Kim Jong-un has told the country's military leaders they must be ready to fire nuclear weapons at a moment's notice. The remarks follow the imposition of new UN sanctions in response to a North Korean nuclear test and rocket launch in January. Here's Stephen Evans. According to the Korean Central News Agency, Kim Jong-unsaid as he inspected rocket launches his military should bolster its nuclear force both in quality and quantity and get nuclear warheads on standby to use preemptively. This kind of blood-curdling rhetoric is not unusual. And outside experts doubt that North Korea has yet got the ability to make a bomb small enough to put on a feasiblemissile though it does appear to be moving steadily towards that goal.A group of major high-tech companies has supported Apple in its legal battle with the FBI as the authorities seek to access encrypted data on an iPhone used by the Islamist militant behind December's killing spree in San Bernardino California. Dave Lee reports.Twitter, Airbnb and Ebay are among the companies offering support to Apple in their case. The 17 tech firms jointly filed an amicus brief, a mechanism by which individuals or companies can offer their view on a case they feel affects them even if they're not explicitly involved. Apple also has the support of the husband of victim AniesKondoker who survived being shot three times in last year's attack. However several other victims'families are believed to be backing the FBI. Its director James Comey early this week maintained Apple is overstating the security risk in unlocking the iPhone.The president of the European Council Donald Tusk has said it could be time to turn backmigrant boats trying to reach Greece. During a speech in Ankara, he said it was up to Turkey to decide how to reduce the flow. World news from the BBC.The Brazilian Supreme Court has decided that the speaker of the Lower House of Congress Eduardo Cunha must face corruption charges. Mr. Cunha is accused of accepting bribes on contracts for two drilling ships leased by the state oil company Petrobras. Here's Julia Carneiro. The Supreme Court's decision means that Eduardo Cunha will now face trial which might have happened much sooner were it not for his privileges as a sitting politician. The bribe allegations emerged months ago, but his power as the speaker ofthe Lower House had him escaped. He was the one who accepted impeachment proceedings against President DilmaRousseff last December. A weak-ened Eduardo Cunha is good news for president Rousseff, but just as she still has to decide whether Cunha should step down while facing trial, so he could still cause problems for the president.Princess Cristina of Spain has testified for the first time at her trial for alleged ex-fraud. Her husband InakiUrdangarin is accused of using his royal connections to generate business income they used for extravagant private spending. She said he had been in charge of all the family expenses. Each one of us had our own professional activities and he was incharge of the economic side of the household.I was trying to coordinate the family agenda, my own business, our family and also my institutional duties. Both have denied any wrongdoing.Ukraine's foreign minister has said that talks trying to resolve the separatist conflict in the east of the country have ended without a breakthrough. PavloKlimkin is speaking after meeting his French, German and Russian counterparts in Paris.Jamaica has sworn in a new prime minister. He's Andrew Holness, a former education minister and leader of the Jamaican Labor Party. Mr. Holness will be governing with the slim one seat majority. BBC news.。
