人书脑
1.William
Shakespeare
莎士比亚
1564-1616
Three periods
1. Historical plays & comedies & early tragedies
Romeo and Juliet罗密欧和朱丽叶
The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人;
2. Great tragedies
Hamlet哈姆雷特/王子复仇记;
Othello奥塞罗;
King Lear李尔王;
The Tragedy of Macbeth麦克白;
Timon of Athens雅典的泰门;；
Measure for Measure恶有恶报;
3. Tragi-comedies
The Tempest暴风风雨;
Renaissance
Shakespearian sonnet
14行诗
Not for an age, but for all time. 永
垂不朽
Quatrain 成组句
Couplet 对偶句
2John Milton
约翰·弥尔顿
1608-1674
(The phases of
Milton's life
parallel the
major historical
and political
divisions in
Stuart Britain.
)
Three periods:
1. Short poems
L‘Allegro欢乐的人;
Il Penseroso沉思的人;
Comus科马斯;
Lycidas列西达斯;
2. Pamphlets & tracts
Areopagitica论出版自由;
The Defense of the English people为英国人民声辩;
The Second Defense of the English people再为英国人民声
辩;
3. poems
Features
Milton's poetry and prose reflect
1. deep personal convictions
2. a passion for freedom and
self-determination
3. the urgent issues and political
turbulence
4. achieved international
renown within his lifetime.
Special Features
1. Rich and complex texture,
multiplicity of the classical (Biblical
and mythological) references,
wealth of ornament and decoration
Paradise Lost失乐园; Paradise Regained复乐园; Samson Agonistes力士参孙2. Subjects are magnificent
3. The characters are human and believable
4. In the ending, life not death is triumphant
Influence
Romantic poets William Blake and Percy Shelley, who saw Satan as the real hero of the poem and a rebel against the tyranny of Heaven........Winston Churchill
3Daniel Defoe
丹尼尔·迪福
1660-1731
1. The Father of
the English
Fiction
2. first
important
English novelist
标志着近代英
国小说的形成
3. versatile 多
产的
Fiction
Robinson Crusoe《鲁宾逊漂流记》1719
Captain Singleton《辛格尔顿船长》1720
Moll Flanders《摩尔·弗兰德斯》1722
A Journal of the Plague Year《大疫年记事》1722
Non-fiction
The Shortest Way with the Dissenters《消灭不同教派的捷径》
Poems
Hymn to the Pillory《枷锁颂》→wrote in prison. imitated the lyric
poem of Greek poet Pindaros(品达罗斯) .
The True-Born Englishman《地道的英国人》1701→his first ironic
poem & the most successful poem.
Artistic features:
1. D had a gift for organizing minute
detail---both credible and
fascinating.
2. His sentences are sometimes
short and plain,sometimes long and
rambling---an impression of casual
narration.
3. His language is smooth, easy, and
mostly vernacular地方的.
everything is common English at its
best instead of artificial..
3.His novels enjoy a popularity
among middle class.
Theme
1. Sings the praises of labour
2. Beautifies the colonialism
3. Reflects the aggressive and brave
image of the rising English
bourgeoisie
4. Belaud the individualism.
5. Affirm the power of human, espcially the force of reason
4Jonathan Swift
斯威夫特
1667-1745
( a master of
satire )
Dublin ,Ireland
The Battle of Books书的战争;
an attack on pedantry(买弄学问)
A Tale of A Tub一个木桶的故事;
1. in the form of a parable
2. a satire upon all religious sects an attack on Christianity
itself
Guilliver’s Travels格列佛游记
Lilliput 小人国--the Tories(托利党) & the Whigs(辉格党)
Brobdingnag 大人国---a satire on English lords and ladies
Flying Island 飞岛国---corrupted philosophers &
projectors
Country of the Horses 智马国---the conflicts of English
society
and people
A Modest Proposal一个温和的建议
Style:
simple, clear, vigorous language;
direct and precise prose;
a master satirist;
deadly irony & powerful satire.
Swift’s Artistic Features
1. Satire
Swift was a man of great moral
integrity and social charm.
His satire is usually masked by
an outward gravity and an apparent
earnestness which renders his
satire all the more powerful.
2. Simplicity and Directness
Swift is always most
unsurpassed in the writing. He
defined a good style as “proper
words in proper places.”
5Henry Fielding 亨利·菲尔丁
1707-1754 （英
国现实主义小
说的奠基者）Joseph Andrews 约瑟·安德鲁传--epistolary novel 书信体小说
Mr Jonathan Wild the Great大伟人江奈生·魏尔德传
The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling汤姆·琼斯;
Amelia阿美利亚
Literary Views
1.He firmly believed the
educational function of literature
2.The purpose of the novel was not
just to amuse, but to instruct
3.“the just copies of human
manners”
(人类态度的完整拷贝）
Literary Features
1.The first to give the modern novel its structure and style
2.Third-person narration “all-knowing God”
3.The language is easy and familiar, but quite vivid and vigorous
6Robert Burns
彭斯1759-1796
(the national
poet of
Scotland 苏格
兰民族诗人)Poems in the Scottish Dialect苏格兰方言诗集
Poems:
The Tree of Liberty自由村;
Scots Wha-Hae苏格兰人;
The Two Dogs两只狗;
His theme:
1.Love & friendship
2.The natural beauty of his
native Scotland
3.The patriotism of his
compatriots and their struggle for
liberty
7William Blake
布莱克
1757-1827
(a precursor of
Romanticism in
English poetry
浪漫主义先驱)
Songs of Innocence天真之歌;
Songs of Experience经验之歌；
(simple without being naive; childlike without being childish;
innocent without being insipid乏味）
The French Revolution法国革命;
The Marriage of Heaven and Hell天堂和地狱的婚姻;
名诗：Lamb; London; The Tiger
First Important Romantic Poet
1.Inner spiritual freedom of the
individual
2.Plain, simple, direct, immense
meaning
3.Vision images
4.Symbolism
8William
Wordsworth
威廉·华兹华斯
1770-1850
（Poet
Laureate桂冠
诗人）
Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集
（mark the break with 18th century classicism and the beginning
of romanticism in English poetry）;
The Solitary Reaper
Composed upon Westminster Bridge
Theme:
Romantic Poetic Principles
"Preface" :
classic statement of Romantic
poetry principles;
manifesto of the English Romantic
movement in poetry
(developed and cherished
a love of nature)
Nature
Ordinary people
Ordinary life
Preface:
Al good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful
feelings.
Lit erary Concept
The function of poetry lies in its
power to give an unexpected
splendor to familiar and
commonplace things, to “incidents
and situations from common life.”
All kinds of people, ordinary
peasants, children, even outcasts,
can enter poetry.
Language in poetry
1.He advocated using the language
of common people.
2.Imagination was very important
in poetic creation.
9Jane Austin 简·奥斯丁
1775-1817Novels:
Pride and Prejudice傲慢和偏见;
Sense and Sensibility理智和情感;
Emma爱玛;
Mansfield Park曼斯菲尔德公园;
Persuasion 劝导
Northanger Abbey诺桑觉
Fragments and early drafts:
Lady Susan
The watsons
Sanditon
Writing Features
1.Her earliest fictional ventures are
full of charming and delicate
comedy.
2.She was almost uninfluenced, by
the current fashions in fiction or by
the revolutionary ideas.
3.Simple stories of commonplace
people of the upper middle class.
4.Her works show a wealth of
character studies, and abound in
wit, humor and charm.
Themes
She never touched upon the class
conflicts of her time, and in her
works the extremes of wealth and
poverty are unknown.
She restricted her subject, matter
to a narrow range of society and events: a quiet, prosperous, middle-class circle in provincial surroundings.
She treated her writing material with such subtlety of observation, depth of psychological penetration and delicacy of touch that she is ranked among the best of English novelists.
10George Gordon Byron
乔治·拜伦
1788-1824早期：
Hours of Idliness懒散的时刻;
Edinburgh Review
English Bords and Scottish Reviewers英国诗人和苏格兰评
论家;
Canto I，II，III长诗：
Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage 恰罗德·哈罗德游记;
Hebrew Melodies 歌谣集
Prison of Chillon
Manfred曼弗雷德;
Cain 该隐
Don Juan唐·璜
名诗：
She Walks in Beauty 她在美中行
Features
Byron’s poetry exerted great
influence on the Romantic
Movement, owing to his attacks on
political, religious and moral
hypocrisy, to the romantic character
of “Byronic Hero”and to the easy,
natural beauty of his verse.
11Percy Bysshe Shelley
波西·比希·雪
莱1792-1822 Queen Mab麦布女王;
Prometheus Unbound解放了的普罗米修斯;
The Cenci钦契;
Song to the Men of England致英国人民;
Features
1. Shelly was a revolutionary and a
democrat. He was fighting all his life
against cruelty, injustice, authority
and institutional religion.
2. He held that poetry alone could
The Masque of Anarchy专制魔王的化装游行; Ode to the West Wind/a Skylark西风/云雀颂; free man and offer the mind a wider view of its powers.
3.“Poetry is a more direct representation of the actions and passions of our internal being”
12John Keats
约翰·济兹
1795-1821First work:
Endymion恩底弥翁;
Well-known poets:
Isabella伊莎贝拉;
The Eve of Sanit Agnes圣爱尼节前夜;
On the Grasshopper and Crickets 蛐蛐和蟋蟀
Ode to a Nightingale夜莺颂;
To Autumn秋颂;
Ode on a Grecian Urn希腊古瓮颂;
Features:
His poetry is always sensuous,
colorful and rich in imaginary.
Keats has the power of entering the
feelings of others---either human
or animal. He declared that when
he saw a bird on the lawn, the
entered imaginatively into the life
of the bird.
13Charles Dickens 狄更斯
1812-1870The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club匹克威克外传;
Oliver Twist奥利弗·退斯特;
American Notes美国札记;
Martin Chuzzlewit马丁·朱述尔维特;
The Old Curiosity Shop老古玩店;
Dombey and Son董贝父子;
David Copperfield大卫·科波菲尔;
Hard Times艰难时世;
A Tale of Two Cities双城记;
Great Expectation远大前程
Theme:
Charles continued to use his books
to tell about the bad conditions
that the working classes and poor
people had to live under. He hoped
that by doing this things would
change for the good, but they just
seemed to get worse.
Analysis of D.C.
1.It’s an adapted account of
Dickens’own life from childhood
to early adulthood. (5 Aspects—C.
P.)
2.The 1st point of view adds much
to the realistic effects and
sympathetic treatment of characters.
3.The successful employment of child’s point of view, brings out the truthfulness and geniuses of David’s experiences and his feelings.
14Thomas Hardy
哈代1840-1928
Works:
The Return of the Native还乡;
The Mayor of Casterbridge卡斯特桥市长;
Tess of the D’urbervilles德伯家的苔丝;
Jude the Obscure无名的裘德
史诗剧：
The Dynasts统治者三部曲
Three groups of his work:
Romances and Fantasies;
novels of ingenuity;
novels of character and environment
Analysis of Tess
1. Fierce criticism of the hypocritical morality of society and the
inhuman exploitation of the capitalists who invaded the English
country and destroyed the peasantry from the root.
2. Tess: a typical victim of the society, a personal and also social
tragedy. (poverty, society, two men)
3. Fate plays an important role.
4.“Justice was done, and the President of the Immortals had
ended his sport with Tess.”
Features
1.His view was rather gloomy and
dark, inevitable conflicts and
tragedy of human life.
2.His works are noted for the
realistic presentation of life and
social criticism.
3.He is a great painter of nature.
(Wessex)
4.In style, he is a traditionalist and
heightens the local and regional
color.
Theme:
1. The struggle between men and
his environment, between aspiring
human spirit and the external
inanimate nature.
2. Common working class people as
heroes and heroines. They are
usually tragic ones who acquire
self-consciousness and question the
fundamentals of society.
3.Strong elements
of naturalism and combined with
a tendency towards
symbolism.
15Oscar Wilde
王尔德
1856-1900
(aestheticism
唯美主义者)
Art for art’s
sake 长篇小说:
The Picture of Dorian Gray道林·格雷的画像
童话：
The Happy Prince and Other Tales快乐王子
诗集：
De Prafundis惨痛的呼声;
The Ballad of Reading Gaol累丁狱之歌
剧作：
Lady Windermere’s Fan温德米尔夫人的扇子;
A Woman of No Importance一个无足轻重的妇女;
An Ideal Husband理想丈夫;
The Importance of Being Earnest埃耐斯特的重要性
“Art for Art’s Sake”
1. A spokesman for aestheticism
2. Belonged to decadent school
3. Elements of social protest and
criticism
16George Bernard Shaw
萧伯纳
1856-1950
（Nobel Prize
Winner）
Art for
education’s
sake 长篇小说：
An Unsocial Socialist业余社会主义者
评论：
Quintessence of Ibsenism
剧本：
Widoer’s Houses鳏夫的房产;
Mrs Warren’s Profession华伦夫人的职业
Arms and the man
Candida
The man of dynasty
Caesar and Cleopatra
Major Barbara巴巴拉少校
Pygmalion劈克美梁;
Heartbreak House伤心之家;
Art should serve social purposes by
reflecting human life, revealing
social contradictions and educating
the common people.
Features
1. Structurally and thematically,
Shaw followed the great traditions
of realism. With his wit and love of
paradox, he made full use of comic
satire and brought a new kind of
intelligence to the drama.
2. Shaw’s language is easy, witty
and forceful.
3. Action is reduced to a minimum,
while the dialogue and the interplay
of the minds of the characters
maintain the interest of the
audience.
The Apple Cart苹果车;
Too True to be Good真相毕露
17James Joyce
乔伊斯
1882-1941
(the stream of
consciousness
technique 意
识流大师)短篇小说：
Dubiners都柏林人
长篇小说：
A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
青年艺术家的画像
Ulysess尤利西斯;
Finnegans Wake芬尼根的觉醒
个人成就之Joyce
詹姆斯·乔伊斯（James Joyce,
1882-1941），被认为是继莎士比
亚后英语文学史上最伟大的作家，
他在小说领域取得的成就，代表着
现代主义文学的一座高峰。
乔伊斯对小说形式和内容进行的
探索标志着英国小说史上的重大
突破。
他的意识流打破了以时间为顺序
的小说模式，改变了传统小说的时
空观念；他对英语语言的创造性运
用极大地丰富了英语的表意功能。
18Virginia Woolf
沃尔芙
1882-1941
（Bloomsbury
Group--progres
sive new
thinking ）长篇小说：
Jacob’s Room
Mrs Dalloway达洛威夫人;
To the Lighthouse到灯塔去;
A Room of One’s Own;
The Waves浪;
The Years
Between the Acts幕间
个人成就之Woolf
意识流小说构成伍尔芙最引人注
目的文学成就，她对女性存在的历
史和现状独具慧眼的反思和洞察，
使其成为女性主义批评史上先驱
式人物。
伍尔芙和乔伊斯的不同之处在于
她使用意识流技巧时常常从一个
人物不露痕迹地跳到另一个人物，
描绘出在同一时间不同空间人物
的不同活动及思想。
Defoe and Swift
They are the forerunners of English fiction.
Samuel Richardson and Henry Fielding
The maturity of the English novel doesn’t come until they appear. Real beginning of English Romanticism:
publication of Lyrical Ballads by William Wordsworth and Samuel Coleridge
3. Aestheticism
~~Aestheticism places art above life.
~~According to the aesthetes, all artistic creation is absolutely subjective as opposed to objective.
~~Art should be free from any influence of egoism. Only when art is for art’s sake, can it be immortal. They believed that art should be unconcerned with controversial issues, such as politics and morality, and that it should be restricted to contributing beauty in a highly polished style.
~~This was one of the reactions against the materialism and commercialism of the Victorian industrial era, as well as a reaction against the Victorian convention of art for morality’s sake, or art for money’s sake.
英国文学作品与作家 一、Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里?乔叟1343~1400 (首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。) The father of English poetry. Writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity. 作品： ①
莎士比亚同时代戏剧家本·琼森（Ben Johnson）--他不属于一个时代，而是属于。（He was not of an age, but for all time.） 作品： ①Historical plays: Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; He nry V ；Richard II；Henry VIII ②Four Comedies:
Works: Part 1. The Literature of Colonial America John Smith 1580-1631 1 first American writer A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony; A Map of Virginia with a Description of the Country; The General History of Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isles Roger Williams 1603-1683 1 Begins the history of religious toleration in America A key into the Language of America Edward Taylor 1612-1672 1 The best of the puritan poets No publishing of his work, most treat religious themes, many poems based directly on Psalms. Thomas Jefferson 1743-1826 1 The first American secretary of state Drafted the Declaration of Independence Thomas Paine托马斯·潘恩1737-1809 The Case of the Officers of Excise(his first pamphlet)税务员问题；Common Sense常识；American Crisis美国危机；Rights of Man人的权利：Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃；The Age of Reason理性时代Agrarian Justice --last important treaties 1 Great Commoner of Mankind 2 The most articulate spokesman of the American Revolution 3 natural gift for pamphleteering and rebellion Philip Freneau菲利普·弗伦诺1752-1832 Father of American Poetry The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲；The British Prison Ship英国囚船；To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳；The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花；The Indian Burying Ground 印第安人殡葬地 1 the most outstanding writer of the post-revolutionary period 2 “Poet of the American Revolution” 3 herald American literary independence
英语文学史分时期总结作家作品
英美著名文学家及其作品简介 一、英国文学名家名著 威廉?莎士比亚(William Shakespeare ，1564-1616)是文艺复兴（Renaissance）时期英国著名的剧作家和诗人。他创作了大量的作品，其中包括喜剧、悲剧和历史剧。他的剧本至今仍在许多国家上演，并为人们所普遍阅读。莎上比亚的作品文才横溢，创造的喜、怒、哀、乐场面使人印象深刻，历久难忘。主要作品有四大悲剧：《奥赛罗》(Othello)、《哈姆雷特》（Hamlet）、《麦克白》(Macbeth),《李尔王》(King Lear)；四大喜剧：《仲夏夜之梦》(A Midsummer Night’s Dream)、《威尼斯商人》(The Merchant of Venice)、《无事生非》(Much Ado about Nothing)和《皆大欢喜》(As You Like It)等。此外，历史剧《亨利六世》(Henry VI)三部曲，爱情悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》（Romeo and Juliet）也都很受欢迎。《哈姆雷特》叙述了丹麦王子哈姆雷特替父报仇，杀死篡夺王位的叔父的故事。《哈姆雷特》里“to be or not to be, that is the question”的成为经典台词。《罗密欧与朱丽叶》描写了一对青年男女因家族间的世仇而不能联姻结果自杀的故事，揭露了封建制度的残酷无情，同时，歌颂了青年男女纯洁坚贞的爱情。 济慈（Keats, 1795一1821）是英国浪漫主义诗人。他出身贫苦，作过医生的学徒，后来才以写诗为业。他对当时英国社会的现实不满，希望在一个“永恒的美的世界”中寻找安身立命之处。他的诗歌以文辞声调之美著称，在艺术上对后代的英国诗人影响很大。主要作品有《伊沙贝拉》(Isabella)、《夜莺颂》(Ode to a Nightingale)和《秋颂》(To Autumn)等。 雪莱（Shelley ，1792一1822）是英国浪漫主义的重要诗人。他生于贵族家庭。他既创作了富于政治思想性的诗，也写了很多优美的抒情诗，特别是爱情诗，显示了不羁的想象，瑰丽的色彩和动人的音韵，这些使他成为英国文学史上最有才华的抒情诗人之一。他的主要作品有《麦布女王》(Queen Mab)、《致英国人民之歌》(Song to the Men of England)、《解放了的普罗米修斯》(Prometheus Unbound)和《西风颂》(Ode to the West Wind)等。《西风颂》里的名句“冬天来了，春天还会远吗？”（If Winters comes,can spring be far behind）成为妇幼皆知的诗文。 简?奥斯丁（Jane Austen ，1775一1817）,英国现实主义小说家。她是乡村牧师的女儿，一生住在乡间。写过六部小说，多以乡间生活为背景，更以婚姻问题为中心题材。她的作品情节结构精密紧凑，人物描写深刻生动，戏剧场面精彩，对话巧妙。主要作品有《理智和情感》(Sense and Sensibility)、《傲慢与偏见》(Pride and Prejudice)、《曼斯非尔德花园》(Mansfield Park)、《爱玛》(Emma)等。华人导演李安（Ang Lee ，1954—）于1995年导演的外语影片《理智与情感》获当年美国奥斯卡(Oscar)最佳剧本改编及最佳女演员奖。 夏洛蒂、爱米丽和安妮姐妹（Charlotte, Emily and Anne）三人出身贫寒，幼年丧母，不得不在慈善学校度过童年。夏洛蒂38岁才结婚，次年去世。两个妹妹终生未嫁。夏洛蒂的代表作《简爱》(Jane Eyre)是她的自传体小说，小说问世后立即产生了巨大影响。小说坦率而热情地塑造了同自己的天生欲望和社会地位发生冲突的妇女。爱米丽的《呼啸的山庄》(Wuthering Heights)被誉为第一部社会革命小说。安妮的小说具有平静力和现实性，也得到了一些评论者的称赞。 查理?狄更斯（Charles Dickens ，1812 - 1870）, 19世纪英国伟大的小说家。幼年家贫，曾作徒工，成名后仍接近贫苦人民。一生创作辛勤，留下了20多部小说，包括《匹克威克外传》(Pickerwick Papers)、《雾都孤儿》(Oliver Twist)、《双城记》(A Tale of Two Cities)、《艰难时世》(Hard Times)和《大卫?科波菲尔》(David Copperfield)等。狄更斯的小说情节曲折动人，人物形象鲜明生动，写景叙事真切而又富想象，既有尖刻的讽刺，又有幽默的夸张。
英国文学名家名著 《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf）是英国盎格鲁?撒克逊时期的一首英雄史诗，古英语文学的最高成就，同时标志着英国文学的开始。史诗的第一部分讲述瑞典青年王子贝奥武甫来到丹麦，帮助丹麦国王赫罗斯加杀死了12年来常来进行夜袭的巨妖格伦德尔及他的母亲；第二部分简述了贝奥武甫继承王位，平安统治50年。后来，他的国土被一条喷火巨龙蹂躏，老当益壮的贝奥武甫与火龙交战，杀死火龙，自己也受了致命伤。 杰弗里?乔叟(Geoffrey Chaucer ，1340-1400)是英国文学之父亲和前最杰出的作家。主要作品有《坎特伯雷故事集》等。作品的主要特点是主题、题材、风格、笔调的多样性及描写人对生活的追求的复杂性。他的代表作品是《坎特伯雷故事集》（The Canterbury Tales）不仅描绘了31位朝圣者的各个社会阶层，而且也反映了他们各自叙述故事的不同风格，读者广泛，对后世影响很大。 威廉?莎士比亚(William Shakespeare ，1564-1616)是文艺复兴时期英国著名的剧作家和诗人。他创作了大量的作品，其中包括喜剧、悲剧和历史剧。他的剧本至今仍在许多国家上演，并为人们所普遍阅读。莎上比亚的作品文才横溢，创造的喜、怒、哀、乐场面使人印象深刻，历久难忘。主要作品有四大悲剧：《奥赛罗》(Othello)、《哈姆雷特》（Hamlet）、《麦克白》(Macbeth),《李尔王》(King Lear)；
四大喜剧：《仲夏夜之梦》(A Midsummer Night’s Dream)、《威尼斯商人》(The Merchant of Venice)、《无事生非》(Much Ado about Nothing)和《皆大欢喜》(As You Like It)等。此外，历史剧《亨利六世》(Henry VI)三部曲，爱情悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》（Romeo and Juliet）也都很受欢迎。《哈姆雷特》叙述了丹麦王子哈姆雷特替父报仇，杀死篡夺王位的叔父的故事。《哈姆雷特》里“to be or not to be, that is the question”的成为经典台词。《罗密欧与朱丽叶》描写了一对青年男女因家族间的世仇而不能联姻结果自杀的故事，揭露了封建制度的残酷无情，同时，歌颂了青年男女纯洁坚贞的爱情。 济慈（Keats, 1795一1821）是英国浪漫主义诗人。他出身贫苦，作过医生的学徒，后来才以写诗为业。他对当时英国社会的现实不满，希望在一个“永恒的美的世界”中寻找安身立命之处。他的诗歌以文辞声调之美著称，在艺术上对后代的英国诗人影响很大。主要作品有《伊沙贝拉》(Isabella)、《夜莺颂》(Ode to a Nightingale)和《秋颂》(To Autumn)等。 雪莱（Shelley ，1792一 1822）是英国浪漫主义的重要诗人。他生于贵族家庭。他既创作了富于政治思想性的诗，也写了很多优美的抒情诗，特别是爱情诗，显示了不羁的想象，瑰丽的色彩和动人的音韵，这些使他成为英国文学史上最有才华的抒情诗人之一。他的主要作品有《麦布女王》(Queen Mab)、《致英国人民之歌》(Song to the
美国文学部分(American Literature) 一．独立革命前后的文学（The Literature Around the Revolution of Independence） 1．本章考核知识点和考核要求： 1)．殖民地时期的文学的特点 2)．主要的作家、其概况及其代表作品 2．独立革命前后时期的主要作家 本杰明·富兰克林Benjamin Franklin本杰明·富兰克林，散文家、科学家、社会活动家，曾参与起草―独立宣言。 《穷查理历书》Poor Richard’s Almanack 《致富之道》The Way to Wealth 《自传》The Autobiography 托马斯·潘恩Thomas Paine托马斯·潘恩，散文家、政治家、报刊撰稿人。 《税务员问题》The Case of the Officers of Excise 《常识》Common Sense 《美国危机》American Crisis 《人的权利》Rights of Man 《专制体制的崩溃》Downfall of Despotism 《理性时代》The Age of Reason 菲利普·弗伦诺Philip Freneau菲利普·弗伦诺，著名的―革命诗人‖。 《蒸蒸日上的美洲》―The Rising Glory of America‖
《英国囚船》―The British Prison Ship‖ 《纪念美国勇士》同类诗中最佳―To the Memory of the Brave Americans‖ 《野生的金银花》―The Wild Honeysuckle‖ 《印第安人殡葬地》―The Indian Burying Ground‖ 1二．美国浪漫主义文学（American Romanticism） 1．本章考核知识点和考核要求： 1)．美国浪漫主义文学产生的社会历史及文化背景 2)．主要作家的创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画和语言风格 3)．清教主义、超验主义、象征主义、自由诗等名词的解释 2.美国浪漫主义时期的主要作家 华盛顿·欧文Washington Irving华盛顿·欧文，美国著名小说家，被称为―美国文学之父‖.《瑞普·凡·温可尔》Rip Van Winkle 《纽约外史》A History of New York 《见闻札记》The Sketch Book 《睡谷的传说》The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀James Fenimore Cooper 詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀开创了以《皮裹腿故事集》为代表的边疆传奇小说，其中最为重要的一部是《最后的莫西干人》。 《皮裹腿故事集》Leatherstocking Tales 《间谍》The Spy 《领航者》The Pilot
作家作品介绍 Francis Bacon弗朗西斯·培根(1561-1626)PPT55 Essays (1594) The Advancement of Learning (1605) Great Instauration and Novum Organum (1620) New Atlantis (posthumous) William Shakespeare As You Like It皆大欢喜 Mid-summer Night’s Dream仲夏夜之梦 Twelfth Night The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人 Hamlet (Oedipus complex) Othello (credulousness) King Lear (reap what one has sown) Macbeth (jealous ) Pericles Cymbeline The Winter’s Tale The Tempest John Donne (1572-1631) Never send to know for whom the bells tolls; it tolls for thee (Death, Be Not Proud)含义：We are humanbeings and we are all
in some way connected. We can’t feel free when someone else is in trouble. John Milton (1608-1674) 1. Short poems: “L’Allegro”and “Il Penseroso”; Lycidas (1637) 2. Prose work: Areopagitica (1644) 3. Long poems: Paradise Lost -- Fall of the angels (13 days) --Creation of the world (7days) --Fall of Man (13 days) (1667), Paradise Regained (1671), and Samson Agonistes (1671) Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce Joseph Addison约瑟夫·艾迪生(1672-1719) he founded The Spectator 《旁观者》magazine. Cato（a Tragedy）最出名Indeed, it was almost certainly literary inspiration for the American Revolution, being well known to many of the Founding Fathers.
美国文学史作品作家汇总 美国文学 Part 1. Colonial America Thomas Paine托马斯?潘恩1737-1809 The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题；Common Sense常识；American Crisis美国危机；Rights of Man人的权利：Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃；The Age of Reason理性时代 Philip Freneau菲利普?弗伦诺1752-1832 The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲；The British Prison Ship英国囚船；To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳；The Wild Honeysuckle 野生的金银花；The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地 .Jonathan Edwards The Freedom of the Will 论意志自由The Great Doctrine of Original Sin defended论原罪The Nature of True Virtue论真是德行的本原 Benjamin Franklin本杰明?富兰克林1706-1790 A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money; Poor Richard’s Almanac穷查理历书；The Way to Wealth致富之道；The Autobiography自传 Part 2. American Romanticism Washington Irving华盛顿?欧文1783-1859 A History of New York纽约的历史-----美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；The Sketch Book见闻札记The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说-----使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家；Brace bridge Hall布雷斯布里奇田庄；Talks of Travelers旅客谈；The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉 Jamie Fennimore Cooper詹姆斯?费尼莫尔?库珀1789-1851 The Spy间谍;The Pilot领航者;The Little page Manuscripts利特佩奇的手稿;Leather stocking Tales皮裹腿故事集:The Pioneer拓荒者；The Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人;The Prairie大草原;The Pathfinder探路者;The Deer slayer杀鹿者 Part 3.New England Transcendentalism Ralf Waldo Emerson拉尔夫?沃尔多?爱默生1803-1882 Essays散文集:Nature论自然-----新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书;The American Scholar 论美国学者;Divinity; The Over soul论超灵;Self-reliance论自立;The Transcendentalist超验主义者;Representative Men代表人物;English Traits 英国人的特征;School Address神学院演说 Concord Hymn康考德颂;The Rhoda杜鹃花;The Humble Bee野蜂;Days日
一、Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里?乔叟1343~1400 (首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。) The father of English poetry. Writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity. 作品： ①
美国文学 Part 1. Colonial America 1、Thomas Paine托马斯·潘恩1737-1809 The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题；Common Sense常识；American Crisis美国危机；Rights of Man人的权利；Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃；The Age of Reason理性时代 2、Philip Freneau菲利普·弗伦诺1752-1832 The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲；The British Prison Ship英国囚船；To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳；The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花；The Indian Burying Ground 印第安人殡葬地 3、Jonathan Edwards乔纳森爱德华 The Freedom of the Will The Great Doctrine of Original Sin defended The Nature of True Virtue 4、Benjamin Franklin本杰明·富兰克林1706-1790 A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money；Poor Richard’s Almanack穷查理历书；The Way to Wealth致富之道；The Autobiography自传 Part 2. American Romanticism 1、Washington Irving华盛顿·欧文1783-1859 A History of New York纽约的历史-----美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；The Sketch Book见闻札记The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说-----使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家；Bracebridge Hall布雷斯布里奇田庄；Talks of Travellers旅客谈；The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉 2、James Fenimore Cooper詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀1789-1851 The Spy间谍；The Pilot领航者；The Littlepage Manuscripts利特佩奇的手稿；Leatherstocking Tales皮裹腿故事集；The Pioneer拓荒者；The Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人；The Prairie大草原；The Pathfinder探路者；The Deerslayer杀鹿者 Part 3.New England Transcendentalism 1、Ralf Waldo Emerson拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生1803-1882 Essays散文集；Nature论自然-----新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书；The American Scholar论美国学者；Divinity;The Oversoul论超灵；Self-reliance论自立；The Transcendentalist超验主义者；Representative Men代表人物；English Traits英国人的特征；School Address神学院演说；Concord Hymn康考德颂；The Rhodo杜鹃花；The Humble Bee野蜂；Days日子-首开自由诗之先河
英国文学7个时期 英国文学发端于中世纪，经历了古英语、中古英语、文艺复兴、17世纪、18世纪、19世纪、20世纪文学7个时期，取得了举世瞩目的成就。 古英语文学英国在10世纪以前属于古英语时期，早期的凯尔特等部族 及5世纪入侵的盎格鲁初都没有留下书面文学。6世纪末到7世纪末，由 于肯特国王阿瑟尔伯特皈依基督教，该教僧侣开始以拉丁文著书写诗，其中以 比德所著《英国人民宗教史》最有历史和文学价值。9世纪，威塞克斯国 王阿尔弗雷德为振兴文化，组织人力将各种拉丁文著作译成英语，并倡导以 英语撰写《盎格鲁-撒克逊编年史》，其中包括有关盎格鲁-撒克逊和朱特人的 英雄史诗《贝奥武甫》和《朱迪斯》，以及一些抒情诗、方言诗、谜语和宗教诗、宗教记述文、布道词。 中古英语文学11世纪，随着诺曼人入侵，古英语渐渐演化为中古英语，文学 上开始流行模仿法国的韵文体骑士传奇，其中以《高文骑士与绿衣骑士》最有 艺术价值。14世纪后半叶是中古英语发展的高峰，出现了似受古英语诗影响的 口头韵体诗，最有名的长诗《农夫彼尔斯的幻想》，一般认为是教会人员朗兰德所写，以中世纪梦幻故事的形式探讨人间善恶，讽刺社会丑行，表达对贫苦农 民的深切同情。此时期国王查理第二当政，宫廷开始用盎格鲁-诺曼法语，王 室贵族兴起赞助文人之风。英国文学史上出现的第一位大诗人乔叟以其诗体短 篇小说集《坎特伯雷故事集》和其他长短诗集成为英国文学的重要奠基人。15 世纪，有民间歌谣抄本流传至今，最有名的是关于绿林好汉罗宾汉的传说；马 洛礼的散文小说《亚瑟王之死》为英国小说的雏形。 文艺复兴时期文学16世纪中叶至17世纪初主要是伊丽莎白女王时代，英国开 始文艺复兴运动。学者纷纷翻译意大利和法国学术、文学名著并自行 著述，以托马斯·莫尔（1477～1535)的《乌托邦》最有价值。英国文艺 复兴文学最突出的是诗歌和戏剧。西德尼(1554～1586)的十四行诗、斯宾 塞的《仙后》都是诗歌方面的代表作。在剧本中运用重韵体诗的文体，促使诗 歌和戏剧两方面都达到空前的成就。莎士比亚将这种诗剧发展到登峰造极的地步，他还擅写十四行诗和长篇叙事诗。稍晚的本·琼森（1572～1637）擅写社
英国文学作家作品British Writers and Works I. The Late Medieval Ages Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里?乔叟1340(?)~1400 ① The Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集 Troilus and Criseyde特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德 ② The House of Fame声誉之宫 The Books of the Duchess悼公爵夫人 II The Renaissance 1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙?斯宾塞1552~1599 ①The Faerie Queene仙后 The Shepherds Calendar牧人日历 ② Amoretti爱情小唱 Epithalamion婚后曲 Colin Clouts Come Home Againe柯林?克劳特回来了 Foure Hymnes四首赞美歌 2. Thomas More托马斯?莫尔1478~1535 Utopia乌托邦 3. Francis Bacon弗兰西斯?培根1561~1626 Advancement of Learning学术的推进 Novum Organum新工具 Essays随笔 4. ben jonson Volpone, or the fox 5.Christopher Marlowe柯里斯托弗?马洛1564~1595 The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus浮士德博士的悲剧 Tamburlaine帖木耳大帝 The Jew of Malta马耳他的犹太人 6. William Shakespeare威廉?莎士比亚1564~1616 ⑴ the first period Henry IV Richard III The Comedy Of Errors Titus Andronicus The Taming Of The Shrew The Two Gentlemen Of The Verona Love’S Labour’S Lost Romeo And Juliet罗密欧与朱利叶 ⑵ the second period Richard II A Midsummer Night’S Dream King John Merchant Of Venice威尼斯商人 Henry IV亨利四世 Much Ado About Nothing Julius Caesar尤利乌斯?凯撒 As You Like It皆大欢喜 Twelfth Night ⑶ The Third Period Hamlet哈姆莱特 Othello奥赛罗 King Lear李尔王 Macbeth麦克白 Antony And Cleopatra安东尼与克里奥佩特拉 Troilus And Cressida Timon Of Athens ⑷ The Fourth Period Pericles Cymbeline
所处 时期 姓名备注出身学校地位/评价流派作品 William Wordworth 威廉·华兹华斯1770-1850 在湖区接受教 育 Gerondists moderate Republicans 吉伦特派温和 共和主义者 后期：保守 党，坚定拥护 反革命政策 律师家 庭， 6岁成 为孤儿 剑桥 大学 Lake Poets湖畔诗人 Poet laureate 桂冠诗人1843 1797和柯勒律治同居湖畔 Distinguished by the simplicity and purity of his language以简洁洗练的语言 著称 Escapist romantic Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集（with柯勒律治） （标志着同18世纪传统诗歌即新古典主义诗歌决 裂，浪漫主义诗歌崛起） 对大自然的热爱：Lines Written in the Early Spring，To the Cuckoo，I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud，My Heart Leaps Up，Intimations of Immortality，Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey丁登寺杂咏（“lyrical hymn of thanks to nature”） 对劳动人民的同情：The Solitary Reaper，We Are Seven，Michael，The Ruined Cottage, Simon . 专业资料可编辑.
Roman t icism in Englan ists 早期 消极 浪漫 主义者 Lee, The Old Cumberland Beggar, Lucy露西组诗 自传体长诗：The Prelude 序曲 Samuel Taylor Coleridge 柯勒律治·塞缪 尔·泰勒 1772-1834 空想成立类似 乌托邦的“大 众平等社”， 晚年保守，为 教会做辩论 乡村牧 师家庭 基督 慈善 学 校， 剑桥 大学 肄业 Lake Poets湖畔诗人 Literary Critic 浪漫派的第一 个文学评论家 1797和华兹华斯同居湖畔 Supernatural subjects 超自 然 三幕诗剧poetical drama：（with Southey） The Fall of Robespierre罗伯斯皮尔的倒台 Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集（with华兹华斯） 诗歌：The Rime of the Ancient Mariner古舟子咏 梦幻诗：Kubla Khan忽必烈汗， 未完成：Christabel 克里斯塔贝尔 . 专业资料可编辑.