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英国文学作家作品吐血整理上

英国文学作家作品吐血整理上
英国文学作家作品吐血整理上

英国文学作家作品吐血整理上

所处时期姓名备注出

地位/评价流派作品

Old and Me die val Eng lish Per iod Geoffrey

Chaucer

杰弗

里·乔叟

1340-140

生于伦

敦,

葬于

Westmi

nster

Abbey

Messenger of

Humanism.

First realistic

writer.

Father of

English poetry.

Waster of the

English

language.

Real

istic

现实

主义

翻译法语作品the Romaunt

of the Rose

改编自意大利作品Troilus

and Criseyde

(longest complete poem

and greatest artistic

achivm..)

英语写的The Canterbury

Tales

古英语和中世纪时期

(masterpiece and one of

the monumental work in

EL)

William

Langlan

d

威廉·朗

1330?

-1400?

生于英

国西部

内陆地

Piers the Plowman耕者皮

尔斯

One of the greatest of

English poems of medieval

times. Dream vision.

Francis

Bacon

弗朗西

生于伦

斯特兰

The founder of

modern science

of England.

Advancement of Learning

学问的演进

New Instrument新工具

Ren aiss anc e 斯·培根

1561-162

6

德大道

约克家

The first

English

essayist.论说文

(解释了归纳推理法

inductive method of

reasoning)

Essays随笔(最著名)HenryH

oward,

Earl of

Surry

亨利·霍

华德,萨

里伯爵

1517-47

诗人, 父

诗以结构典雅

Elegance of

construction而

著称

Inventor of

"English"form(

abab cdcd efef

gg),later to be

used by Shksp.

诗歌被收录在Miscellany

杂录by Tottel 托特尔

翻译Aeneid 埃涅伊德

(运用了无韵诗)

文艺复兴

Innovation:

using of blank

verse

Ben

Jonson

本·琼森

1572-163

7

生于威

斯敏斯

The leading

dramatist after

shksp and

practically the

first

poet-laureate in

1616.

Everyman in His Humour

个性互异

Bartholomew Fair巴索罗

缪市集

Christop

her

Marlowe

剧作家The first great

dramatist of the

Renaissance

Tamburlaine the Great帖

木儿大帝

Doctor Faustus浮士德博

时期克里斯

托弗·马

1564-93

period

(before shksp.)

Paved the way

for shksp.

首次运用blank

verse

The Jew of Malta 马尔他

的犹太人

John

Lyly

约翰·黎

1554?

-1606

The oldest of

the "university

Wits" 大学才

子中年纪最大

Euphues,or the Anatomy of

Wit优浮绮斯或智慧的剖

Euphues and His England

优浮绮斯及其英国

eight comedies in prose 用

散文写的8部喜剧

Thomas More

托马斯·莫尔1478-153 5 在伦敦

塔,因

莫须有

的叛国

罪被砍

Hu

man

ist

人文

主义

学者

Utopia乌托邦

传记:The life of John

Picus,Earl of Myrandula

约翰·皮库斯,米兰度拉伯

爵的一生

The history of King Richard

Ⅲ理查三世的历史(未完

稿)

Dialogue of comfort against

Tribulation 关于苦难之慰

藉的对话(a masterpiece of

English religious literature

and the finest of his

contemplative writings英国宗教文学代表作,忏悔祈祷作品上乘之作)

Sir Philip Sidney 菲利普·西德尼

1554-86 上

Poet,romancer

and critic

诗人、传奇小说

家、批评家

Astropel and Stella爱星者

和星星(十四行组诗)

Defence of Poesie(or

Apology for Poetry)为诗辩

护(批评论文)

Arcadia阿卡迪亚(浪漫故

事散文)

Edmund Spenser 生于

Londo

Poet's poet 诗

人的诗人

The Faerie Queene仙后

The Shepherd's Calendar

埃德蒙·斯宾塞

1552-99 n Invented the

Spenserian

stanza,which

became a

popular verse

form the

historical

development of

English poetry.

牧羊人日历

Amoretti爱情小唱

William Shakesp eare

莎士比会一点

拉丁语

和希腊

One of the most

remarkable

playwrights

and poets the

37 plays,154 sonnets,2 long

narrative poems.

四大悲剧:Hamlet , Othello,

King Lear ,Macbeth

1564-161 6 world has ever

known.

四喜剧:The Merchant of

Venice,A midsummer

Night's Dream,As you like

it, Twelfth Night

其他重要的:Henry V

Robert Burton 罗伯特·波顿1577-164 0 当过牧

A prominent

English prose

writer in the

early 17th

century.

17世纪早起著

名散文作家

The Anatomy of

Melancholy忧郁的解剖

The peri od of the Eng Sir

Thomas

Browne

托马

斯·布朗

爵士

1605-168

2

生于伦

后来获

得博士

学位

散文作家

Baro

que

巴洛

克式

风格

Religio Medici 医生的宗教

Hydriotaphia,or Urn Burial

翁葬

Jeremy

Taylor

杰瑞

米·泰勒

英国国

教牧师

散文作家Holy living神圣而生

Holy Dying神圣而死

lish Bou rge ois Rev olut ion

英国1613-166

7

Izaak

Walton

艾萨

克·沃尔

1593-168

3

生活年

代跨越

了伊莉

莎白时

代和复

辟时期

散文作家The Compleate Angler垂

钓全书

John

Milton

约翰·弥

尔顿

生于伦

The greatest

poet and

pamphleteer in

mid-17th-centu

Puri

tanis

m

L'Allegro and II Penseroso

快乐的人和幽思的人

Lycidas莱西达斯(挽歌)

Paradise lost失乐园(长篇

资产

阶级

革命

时期1608-167

4

庭ry England 清教

主义

史诗)

Paradise Regained 复乐园

Samson Agonistes力士参

孙(无韵体诗写的杯具,封

笔作)

各种小册子

John

Bunyan

约翰·班

1628-168

8

The Pilgrim's Progress天

路历程

子校

John Dryden 约翰·德莱顿1631-170 0 诗人,

剧作

家,文

学家,

批评

家,翻

译家。

复辟时

The forerunner

of the

classicism in

Britain.

The earliest

writer of

prominence in

EL who

advocated and

carried out in

practice the

Clas

sicis

m.

古典

主义

All for love一切为了爱

An Essay of Dramatic

Poesy论戏剧诗

literary theories of

neo--classicism.

John Donne 约翰·邓恩

1572-163 1 后来改

信英国

国教

The founder of

the physical

school of poetry

玄学派诗歌的

创始人Met

aphy

sical

scho

ol玄

学派

Songs and Sonnets 歌与十

四行诗

Holy Sonnets圣诗

George Herbet 显

The Temple 圣堂

The Altar 祭坛

乔治·赫伯特1593-163 3 的威尔士家庭

Andrew Marvell 安德鲁·马维尔

1621-167 8 生于约

克郡

To his Coy Mistress致他娇

羞的女友

Henry Vaughan Richard Crashaw 其他玄学派诗人

Robert Herrick 罗伯特·赫瑞克

1591-167 4 生于伦

Cav

alier

poet

骑士

Gather Ye Rose Buds While

Ye May

趁早采摘玫瑰花蕾

To Daffodils致水仙花

John Suckling 其他几个骑士派诗人

Richard Lovelace Thomas Carew

William Blake

威廉·布莱克1757-182 7 Poet,painter,visi

onary

mystic,and

engraver

诗集:Songs of Innocence

天真之歌

Songs of Experience经验

之歌

预言诗:

Robert Burns 罗伯贫

Chiefly in the Scottish

Dialec t 苏格兰方言诗集

Auld Lang Syne往昔时光

18th cen tur y 特·彭斯

1759-179

6

A Red,Red Rose

Daniel

Defoe

丹尼

尔·笛福

1660-173

1

Novelist,pamph

leteer,and

journalist

The founder of

E novel with

Samuel

Richardson

Robinson Crusoe鲁宾逊漂

流记

Capital Singletion辛格顿

船长

Moll Flanders摩尔·弗兰

德斯

Captain Jack陆军上校杰

Henry 破伊 A 25部剧作,最著名的是

十八世纪Fielding

亨利·菲

尔丁

1707-175

4

学,

writer,playwrig

ht and

journalist,

founder of the

E realistic

School in

literature with

Samuel

Richardson

Pasquin巴斯昆

The history of the

Adventures of Joseph

Andrews and of his Friend

Mr.Abraham Adams (小说)

The history of the Life of

the Late Mr.Jonathan Wild

the Great

The History of Tom Jones,a

Foundling一个弃儿,汤姆

琼斯的历史(英国文学史上

的杰作)

Oliver 生于爱都Essayist,poet,no散文:Citizen of the World

大三_英国文学史(绝对标准中文版)

英国文学源远流长,经历了长期、复杂的发展演变过程。在这个过程中,文学本体以外的各种现实的、历史的、政治的、文化的力量对文学发生着影响,文学内部遵循自身规律,历经盎格鲁-撒克逊、文艺复兴、新古典主义、浪漫主义、现实主义、现代主义等不同历史阶段。下面对英国文学的发展过程作一概述。 一、中世纪文学(约5世纪-1485) 英国最初的文学同其他国家最初的文学一样,不是书面的,而是口头的。故事与传说口头流传,并在讲述中不断得到加工、扩展,最后才有写本。公元5世纪中叶,盎格鲁、撒克逊、朱特三个日耳曼部落开始从丹麦以及现在的荷兰一带地区迁入不列颠。盎格鲁-撒克逊时代给我们留下的古英语文学作品中,最重要的一部是《贝奥武甫》(Beowulf),它被认为是英国的民族史诗。《贝奥武甫》讲述主人公贝尔武甫斩妖除魔、与火龙搏斗的故事,具有神话传奇色彩。这部作品取材于日耳曼民间传说,随盎格鲁-撒克逊人入侵传入今天的英国,现在我们所看到的诗是8世纪初由英格兰诗人写定的,当时,不列颠正处于从中世纪异教社会向以基督教文化为主导的新型社会过渡的时期。因此,《贝奥武甫》也反映了7、8世纪不列颠的生活风貌,呈现出新旧生活方式的混合,兼有氏族时期的英雄主义和封建时期的理想,体现了非基督教日耳曼文化和基督教文化两种不同的传统。 公元1066年,居住在法国北部的诺曼底人在威廉公爵率领下越过英吉利海峡,征服英格兰。诺曼底人占领英格兰后,封建等级制度得以加强和完备,法国文化占据主导地位,法语成为宫廷和上层贵族社会的语言。这一时期风行一时的文学形式是浪漫传奇,流传最广的是关于亚瑟王和圆桌骑士的故事。《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》(Sir Gawain and the Green Knight,1375-1400)以亚瑟王和他的骑士为题材,歌颂勇敢、忠贞、美德,是中古英语传奇最精美的作品之一。传奇文学专门描写高贵的骑士所经历的冒险生活和浪漫爱情,是英国封建社会发展到成熟阶段一种社会理想的体现。 14世纪以后,英国资本主义工商业发展较快,市民阶级兴起,英语逐渐恢复了它的声誉,社会各阶层普遍使用英语,为优秀英语文学作品的产生提供了条件。杰弗利·乔叟(Geoffrey Chaucer, 1343-1400)的出现标志着以本土文学为主流的英国书面文学历史的开始。《坎特伯雷故事》(The Canterbury Tales)以一群香客从伦敦出发去坎特伯雷朝圣为线索,通过对香客的生动描绘和他们沿途讲述的故事,勾勒出一幅中世纪英国社会千姿百态生活风貌的图画。乔叟首创英雄诗行,即五步抑扬格双韵体,对英诗韵律作出了很大贡献,被誉为"英国诗歌之父".乔叟的文笔精练优美,流畅自然,他的创作实践将英语提升到一个较高的文学水平,推动了英语作为英国统一的民族语言的进程。 二、文艺复兴时期文学(15世纪后期-17世纪初) 相对于欧洲其他国家来说,英国的文艺复兴起始较晚,通常认为是在15世纪末。文艺复兴时期形成的思想体系被称为人文主义,它主张以人为本,反对中世纪以神为中心的世界观,提倡积极进取、享受现世欢乐的生活理想。托马斯·莫尔(Thomas More, 1478-1535)是英国最主要的早期人文主义者,他的《乌托邦》(Utopia)批评了当时的英国和欧洲社会,设计了一个社会平等、财产公有、人们和谐相处的理想国。Utopia现已成为空想主义的代名词,但乌托邦是作者对当时社会状况进行严肃思考的结果。《乌托邦》开创了英国哲理幻想小说传统的先河,这一传统从培根的《新大西岛》(The New Atlantis)、斯威夫特的《格列佛游记》(Gulliver's Travels)、勃特勒的《埃瑞璜》(Erewhon)一直延续到20世纪

英国文学 整理

Term Definition: Alliteration(押头韵): Alliteration is the repetition of a speech sound in a sequence of nearby words. The term is usually applied only to consonants, and only when the recurrent sound begins a word or a stressed syllable within a word. Arthurian legend(亚瑟王传奇): It is a group of tales (in several languages) that developed in the Middle Ages concerning Arthur L, semi-historical king of the Britons and his knights. The legend is a complex weaving of ancient Celtic mythology with later traditions around a core of possible historical authenticity. Sonnet(十四行诗): A lyric poem consisting of a single stanza of fourteen iambic pentameter lines linked by an intricate rhyme scheme. There are two major patterns of rhyme in sonnets written in the English language: ( 1) The Italian or Petrarchan sonnet (named after the fourteenth century Italian poet Petrarch) falls into two main parts: an octave(eight lines) rhyming abbaabba followed by a sestet (six lines) rhyming cdecde or some variant, such as cdccdc . (2) the English sonnet, or else the Shakespearean sonnet. This sonnet falls into three quatrains and a concluding couplet: abab cdcd efef gg. There was one notable variant, the Spenserian sonnet, in which Edmund Spenser linked each quatrain to the next by a continuing rhyme: abab bcbc cdcd ee. Conceit(夸张): From the Italian concetto (meaning idea or concept), it refers to an unusually far-fetched or elaborate metaphor or simile presenting a surprisingly apt parallel between two apparently dissimilar things or feelings. Poetic conceits are prominent in Elizabethan love sonnets and metaphysical poetry. Conceits often employ the devices of hyperbole, paradox and oxymoron. Neoclassicism(新古典主义): A style of Western literature that flourished from the mid-seventeenth century until the end of the eighteenth century and the rise of Romanticism. The neoclassicists looked to the great classical writers for inspiration and guidance. They believed that literature should both instruct and delight, and the proper subject of art was humanity. Neoclassicism stressed rules, reason, harmony, balance, restraint, decorum, order, serenity, realism, and form—above all, an appeal to the intellect rather than emotion. The Restoration in 1660 marked the beginning of the Neoclassical Period in England, whose writers included John Dryden, Alexander Pope, Samuel Johnson, etc. Romance(传奇小说): It is a literary genre popular in the Middle Ages (5th century to 15th century), dealing, in verse or prose, with legendary, supernatural, or amorous subjects and characters. Popular subjects for romances included the Macedonian King Alexander the Great, King Arthur of Britain and the Knights of the Round Table, and the Frankish Emperor Charlemagne. Renaissance(文艺复兴): Renaissance ("rebirth") is the name commonly applied to the period of European history following the Middle Ages. The development came late to England in the

(完整)英国文学史知识点,推荐文档

一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066) 1、这个时期的文学作品分类:pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒) 2、代表作:The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》( national epic 民族史诗) 采用了隐喻手法 3、Alliteration 押头韵(写作手法) 例子:of man was the mildest and most beloved, To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise. 二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350) Canto 诗章 1、romance 传奇文学 2、代表作:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士和绿衣骑士) 是一首押头韵的长诗 三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟时期 1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父 2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体:a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格) 3、代表作:the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事(英国文学史的开端) 大致内容:the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups. 朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体 小说特点:each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character. 这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事,无形中表明了各自的观点,展示了各自的性格。 小说观点:he believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions(迷信) and a blind belief in fate(盲目地相信命运). 他希望人们能从迷信和对命运的盲从中解脱出来。 4、Popular Ballads 大众民谣:a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed(笔记) Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission(书上). 歌谣是匿名叙事歌曲,一直保存着口头传播的方式

英国文学名著整理

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英语文学史分时期总结作家作品 贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons Epic:long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated. e.g. Homer?s Iliad and Odyssey Artistic features: 1. Using alliteration Definition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound(头韵) Some examples on P5 2. Using metaphor and understatement Definition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideas Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里?乔叟1340(?)~1400 (首创“双韵体”,英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿(John Dryden)称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。) The father of English poetry. writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity. ①坎特伯雷故事集: first time to use …heroic couplet?(双韵体) by middle English ②特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德 ③声誉之宫 Medieval Ages’ popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事) Famous three:King Arthur Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Beowulf The Renaissance Period A period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world. Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival: 1. new discoveries in geography and astrology 2. the religious reformation and economic expansion 3. rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture The most famous dramatists: Christopher Marlowe William Shakespeare Ben Johnson. 1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙?斯宾塞1552~1599 (后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。)The poets?poet.Th e first to be buried in the Poet?s corner of Westerminster Abbey

英国文学名词解释【整理后】

1.epic 史诗:a long narrative poem, grand in style, about heroes and heroic deeds, embodying heroic ideals of a nation or race in the making. Beowulf is the English national epic that was passed from mouth to mouth and written down by many unknown hands. 2.Conceit:a kind of metaphor that makes a comparison between two startlingly different things. A conceit usually provides the framework for an entire poem. An especially unusual and intellectual kind of conceit is the metaphysical conceit, used by certain 17th-century poets, such as John Donne.. 3.Epiphany(顿悟): a sudden revelation of truth about life inspired by a seemingly trivial incident 4.Metaphysical poetry:玄学诗派the poetry of John Donne and other 17th-century poets who wrote in a similar style. It is characterized by verbal wit and excess, ingenious structure, irregular meter, colloquial language, elaborate imagery, and a drawing together of dissimilar ideas . 5.Stream of consciousness意识流: a kind of writing technique in which a character's perceptions, thoughts, and memories are presented in an apparently random form, without regard for logical sequence, chronology, or syntax. Often such writing makes no distinction between various levels of reality--such as dreams, memories, imaginative thoughts or real sensory perception. 6.heroic couplet 英雄双韵体 two successive lines of rhymed poetry in iambic pentameter. Geoffrey Chaucer’s masterpiece The Canterbury Tale was written in heroic couplet. 7.ballad meter 民谣体 traditionally a four-line stanza containing alternating four-stress and three-stress lines, usually with a refrain and the rhyme scheme of abcb. Robert Burns’ “A Red, Red Rose” is a great love ballad. 8.sonnet 十四行诗 a fixed form consisting of fourteen lines of 5-foot iambic verse. It first flourished in Italy in the 14th century. William Shakespeare was a great English sonnet writer famous for his 154 sonnets. 9.iambic pentameter 五步抑扬格 the basic line in English verse, with five feet in a line, usually an unaccented syllable followed by an accented syllable. It was probably introduced by Geoffrey Chaucer and certainly established by him in The Canterbury Tales. 10.image 意象 a concrete representation of an object or sensory experience. Typically, such a representation helps evoke the feelings associated with the object or experience itself. Many images are conveyed by figurative language. An image may be visual, olfactory, tactile, auditory, gustatory, abstract and kinaesthetic. The rose in Robert Burns’ poem “A Red, Red Rose” is a beautiful image. 11.“Dramatic monologue”戏剧独白 that is a lyric poem which reveals “ a soul in action” through the conversation of one character in a dramatic situation. T he character is speaking to an identifiable but silent listener at a dramatic monent in the speaker’s life. 12.blank verse 无韵诗,素体诗 unrhymed iambic pentameter, the most widely used of English verse forms and usually used in English dramatic and epic poetry. William Shakespeare’s play Hamlet is written in blank verse. 13.Sonnet is a verse form of fourteen lines, in English characteristically in iambic pentameter and most often in one of the two rhyme schemes: the Italian(or Petrarchan) or Shakespearean 14.essay 散文 a composition, usually in prose, which may be of only a few hundred words or of book length and which discusses, formally or informally, a topic or a variety of topics. It is one of the most flexible and adaptable of all literary forms. Francis Bacon is a great essayist; his “Of Studies” is a model of good essay.

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