2010年高考英语虚拟语气语法总结
1. 虚拟条件句谓语动词的构成形式
条件从句的谓语动词 主句的谓语动词
与现在事实相反 动词过去式
（be一般用were）
与过去事实相反 had +过去分词
与将来事实可能相反 1． 动词过去式
2． should+动词原形
3． were to+动词原形
倒装结构
1） Had you (=If you had) invited us, we would have come to your party.
2） Were I (=If I were) you, I would do more practice after class.
3） Should it rain tomorrow, I wouldn’t go.
2．虚拟条件句的特殊用法
A. 混合虚拟条件句
条件从句的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生.
If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now.
（从句述说过去，主句述说现在。）
If I were you, I wouldn’t have missed the film last night.
（从句述说现在，主句述说过去。）
If I had had more self-confidence, I would become a teacher.
（从句述说过去，主句述说现在。）
If the rescue team hadn’t found him, he would be dead.
（从句述说过去，主句述说现在。）
If she didn’t love driving, she wouldn’t have become a driver.
（从句述说现在，主句述说已发生。）
B. 含蓄虚拟条件句
虚拟条件通过下述词语引出的短语：
介词with, without, but for, if it had not been / if it were not for…etc
分词supposing动词suppose
并列连词or, otherwise, but, though, etc
例如：
1）I couldn’t have won the competition without your encouragement.
2）With your assistance (=If we had your assistance), we might finish the plan earlier
3）But for you advice, I would not be able to do this work.
4) Victor obviously doesn’t know what’s happened, otherwise he wouldn’t have made would+ 动词原形
would have+过去分词
++
would+ 动词原形 such a stupid remark.
C. 虚拟条件句中的表示结果的主句有时形式上可以省略，但意义上仍然存在。这种句子只保留一个if (only)条件从句，表达说话人的强烈愿望。如：
1） If (only) she were my sister! 她要是我姐姐（就好了）！
2） If only he had not left! 如果他没走（该多好啊）！
（二）虚拟语气的几个句型
1． It is… that sb. (should)…
句型一：It is ＋ 形容词 ＋ that …
句型二：It is a ＋ 抽象名词 ＋ that …
句型三：It is ＋ 过去分词 ＋ that …
A. 常这样用的形容词有：
appropriate 适当的 advisable 适当的，合理的 better 较好的
desirable 理想的 essential 基本的，实质的 imperative 迫切的
important 重要的 insistent 坚持的 necessary 必要的
natural 自然的 strange 奇怪的 unusual 不寻常的
urgent 紧迫的 vital 极其重要的
B. 常这样用的抽象名词有：pity, shame, no wonder
C. 常这样用的过去分词有：suggested, requested, required, proposed, desired, ordered,
recommended
1) It was natural that she (should) think so.
2) It is strange that he should have said so.
3) It is a great pity that he should be so careless.
4) It is desired that we should get everything ready by tonight.
2． 建议、命令、和要求等,谓语形式是“(should)+动词原形”。
常这样用的动词及其名词形式有：
ask 要求 advise 劝告、建议 determine 决定 decide决定
demand 要求 desire 渴望 command 命令 insist 坚持
intend 打算 prefer 宁愿 propose 提议 order 命令
recommend 推荐 request要求 require要求 suggest建议
1）I insist that she (should) do her work alone.
2）They proposed that all the plans should be discussed at the meeting.
3）They demanded that their wages (should) be increased.
[注] 当suggest意为“暗示”，insist意为“坚持认为（一个事实）”时，其后的宾语从句中不用虚拟语气。例如：
1）Her face suggested (暗示) that she was ill. So I suggested (建议) that she (should) be
sent to the hospital immediately.
2) He insisted that he was right. 她坚持认为自己是对的。
3.
动词wish
主句谓语 从句谓语
wish 对…情况的虚拟 从句谓语形式
现在 动词的过去式（be用were）
过去 had + 过去分词
could have +过去分词 将来 should / would + 动词原形
[注] 主句中wish的各种时态都不影响从句的时态，从句连词that常常省去。
1）I wish I were ten years younger.
2）I wish I had gone to the football match last night.
3) I wish I could have talked to her then.
4）He wishes you would go and visit him.
4. as if, as though
1) She looked after the orphan as if he were her own child.
2) They are talking as if they had been friends for many years.
[注1] as if从句的虚拟语气用进行时态时，表示动作正在进行，如：
He heard a noise, as if someone were breathing.
[注2] 在It looks (seems, sounds) as if后的从句中，如果接近事实的可能性大，也可用陈述语气，如：
It looks as if it is going to rain.
5．
would rather +
例如：
1）He would rather visit us (than stay at home).
2) I would rather he visited us today/tomorrow.
3) I would rather he had visited us yesterday.
6． It is (high) time that +
1) It is time that the boy should go to school.
2) It is high time (that) the weather be improved.
7． （If only…！）
If only I knew the answer！
8． 用于表示祝愿的句子中
（三）情态动词中的虚拟语气
表示推测一览表
表示对现在情况的推测 表示对已发生情况的推测
肯定是 must do / be doing 肯定是 must have done
肯定不是 can’t / couldn’t do/ be doing 肯定不是 can’t / couldn’t have done
会是吗 can / could do / be doing 会是吗 can /could have done
可能是 may / might do / be doing 可能是 may/might have done
照理该 should / ought to do / be doing 应该做而没做 should/ought to have done
需要做 need do 本没必要做而做 needn’t have done
本可以/可能做而未做could have done
如果…是会的 would have done
一． 基本能力过关 do… (than do…) 宁愿…(而不…)
sb. + 动词过去式（与现在或将来事实相反）
had + 过去分词（与过去事实相反）
动词过去式
should + 动词原形
Long live + 主语！…万岁! …长存！
May you + 动词原形! 祝你…!
