虚拟语气用法
英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。
1、表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。
China is an Asian country. (肯定句) How interesting my stay in China has been! (感叹句)
2、祈使句表示说话人对对方的请求、警告，建议或命令。如:
Please come over here. 请到这边来。 Watch your steps! 当心!(走路)
3、虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实，或难以实现的情况，甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外，如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。如: If I were a bird，I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。
If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。
If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter.
如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。
4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。
①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。
If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了
If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。
②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。
If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。
If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。
5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。
Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。
Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。
Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here.
如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。
【注意】
若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were，should，had 等缩略成Weren't，Shouldn't，Hadn't而置于句首。
Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。
②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词:
Had I time，I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。(=If I had time…)
6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。
①将条件会暗含在介词短语中，如without…, but for…,otherwise（要不是因为）等
But for his help, we would be working now. (要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。
Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress.
We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we would have telephoned him.
②将条件隐含在不定式短语中
I should be happy to go with you. 如果能与你一起去，我将很高兴。(=I should be happy if I could go
with you.)
To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination. 你学习更用功些，你早就考及格了。
(=If you have studied hard er, you…)
③将条件隐含在分词短语中
Born in better times, he would have been a scholar. 如果出生在好时代，他早就成为学者了。
(=If he had been born in better times, he …)
Failing this time, what would you do 假若这次失败，那你怎么办(=If you failed dthis time, what…)
④将条件隐含在名词短语中
A true friend would not have betrayed me. 若是真正的朋友，就不会背弃我。
(=If he had been a true friend, he would…)
A few hours earlier, and you would have seen the famous writer. 要是你早来几个小时，你就见到这位
著名的作家了。(If you had come a few hours earlier, you…)
两个常用虚拟语气句型：与but for, without同义。
① If it weren’t(wasn’t) for…“若不是有…/要不是有…”
If it weren’t(wasn’t) for the children, we wouldn’t have anything to talk about. 要不是因为孩子们，我们不会有什么可谈的。
② If it hadn’t been for…
If it hadn’t been for the rain, we would have had a good harvest. 要不是有雨，我们本会获得一个大丰收的。
7、有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。
①省略从句
He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。 You could have passed this exam. 你本该通过这次考试的。
②省略主句
If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。
If only I had got it. 要是只有我得到它了该多好啊。
8、注意，在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用were，不用was。
If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就会去找他。
注意：“it+be”的省略
If necessary，I would send more farmhands to help you.如果需要的话，我会派更多的人去帮你。(=If it were necessary，…)
二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用
I wish I had your brains. 我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实：我根本比不上你)
I wish I had known the truth of the matter. 我希望我那时就知道这件事情的真相。（事实：那时还不知
道）
I wish I should have a chance again. 我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。（事实：很难再有这样的机会了）
I wish prices would come down. 我希望物价能降下来。
注意: 从句的时态只与从句所指的时间有关，如果将wish改为过去式wished，其后that 从句中的动词形式不变。
We wish he didn't smoke. 我们希望他不吸烟。
I wished I hadn't spent so much money. 但愿我没有花这么多钱。
注意：if only引导的感叹句与wish
If only she would pass the English examination! 但愿她能通过英语考试！
If only I weren't so nervous. 但愿我不这样紧张。
If only I hadn't gone there last night. 要是昨晚我没有到那里去就好了。
2、 would rather + 虚拟从句
一般would rather，had rather，would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为:
表过去的愿望，用 had + done
表示现在或将来的愿望，用V-ed (be 用were )
I'd rather you had seen the film yesterday.我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。
I'd rather you were here now.我倒想你现在在这儿。
We'd rather you went here tomorrow.我们倒想你明天去那儿
注意：would rather（比较正式）=had rather（非正式），would sooner（sooner代替rather）的细微差别。
提示：would rather 主要有两种用法。
1．后接不带to的不定式
I'd rather play tennis than swim. 我宁愿打网球，也不愿游泳。
I'd rather not go to the movies. 我宁愿不去看电影。
Which would you rather have, tea or coffee 你喜欢喝茶，还是咖啡
2．后接不用连词的that从句
I'd rather you went home now. 我希望你现在就回家。
I would rather my daughter attended a public school. 我希望我的女儿能上公立学校。
3、一想要(desire)，一宁愿(prefer)，一坚持(insist) ，二命令(order ， command) ，三建议(advise ，
suggest ， propose/recommend)，四要求(demand ，require ，request ，ask) 中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用“should + do”，且should可以省略。
He suggested that we (should) take the teacher's advice.
He insisted that we (should) take the teacher's advice.
He demand that we (should) take the teacher's advice.
He ordered that we (should) take the teacher's advice.
主要是指insist的宾语从句，从句谓语由 "should+ do" 构成，其中的should可以省略。
I insisted that he (should) stay. 我坚持要他留下。
He insisted that I (should) go with them. 他坚持要我同他们一起去。
注意①：动词insist后接宾语从句时，除可用虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气，两者的区别是:
若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；
若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。
比较:He insisted that I had read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信。
He insisted that I should read his letter. 他坚持要我看他的信。
注意②：“insist意为"坚持某种动作"才用虚拟语气；意为"坚持某种观点，某个事实"则不用虚拟语气。
He insists he is a student.他坚持说他是个学生。
这个语句表示的是事实，因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。
order, command引导的宾语从句，从句谓语由"should+do"构成，其中的should通常可以省略。如:
He ordered that it (should) be sent back. 他命令把它送回去。
He commanded that we (should) attack at once. 他命令我们立即发起进攻。
advise, suggest, propose, recommend等引导的宾语从句，从句谓语由"should+do" 构成，
其中的should可以省略。
He suggested that we should leave early. 他建议我们早点动身。
The doctor advised that he change his job. 医生劝他换工作。
They recommend that this tax be abolished. 他们建议取消这种税。
The committee proposed (that) Mr. Day be elected. 委员会建议推选戴先生。
注意：与动词insist相似，动词suggest后接宾语从句时，除可用虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气
两者的区别也是：suggest意为"建议"才用虚拟语气，意为"暗示"或"表明"则不用虚拟语气。
He suggested that we (should) stay for dinner. 他建议我们留下吃饭。
What he said suggested that he was a cheat. 他说的话表明他是个骗子。
I suggested that you had a secret understanding with him. 我觉得你与他心照不宣。
主要是指ask，demand，require，request等后的宾语从句，从句谓语由"should+ do" 构成，should可省略。
He requires that I (should) appear. 他要求我出场。
I demand that John (should) go there at once. 我要求约翰立即到那里去。
They demanded that the right to vote be given to every adult man. 他们要求给予每个成年男子以选举权。
I requested that he should use his influence on my behalf. 我请求他为我施用他的影响。
He asked that the message be given to Madame immediately. 他要求把信息立即带给夫人。
主要是指move, vote, urge, direct等后的宾语从句，从句谓语由"should+动词原形"构成，should可以省略。
I move that we accept the proposal. 我提议通过这项提案。
Mr. Chairman, I beg to move that the meeting be adjourned. 主席先生，我提议休会。
Congress has voted that the present law be maintained.国会投票决定维持现在这条法律。
He urges that the restrictions be lifted. 他敦促取消这些限制。
He urged that the matter should go to arbitration. 他极力主张这件事要提交仲裁。
The general directed that the prisoners should be set free. 将军指示释放那些俘虏。
主要是指动词arrange后的宾语从句，从句谓语由"should+动词原形"构成， should可以省略。
He arranged that I should go abroad. 他安排我去国外。
They arranged that the minister should be met at the airport. 他们安排在机场迎接这位部长。
It was arranged that they should leave the following spring. 已安排好他们第二年春天离开。
They've arranged that I should absent myself for part of the meeting. 他们安排好让我一部分时间不在开会现场。
主要是指动词desire，intend后的宾语从句，从句谓语由"should+动词原形"构成， should可以省略。
She desires that he do it. 她希望他做此事。
They intended that the news (should) be suppressed. 他们打算封锁这条消息。
I desire the patient should have a bath every day. 我希望病人每天洗澡。
三、虚拟语气在定语从句中的应用
虚拟语气还可用在定语从句中，表示:"早该做某事了"时，定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气。
结构为： It is (high / about) time that + 主语+ V-ed (优先使用动词过去式)
It is (high / about) time that + 主语+ should + do (should不可省略)如：It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.我该去学校接我的女儿了。
It is high time you should go to work.你早该上班了。
It is (high) time that we should go to school 也可以写成It is (high)time that we went to school.
It's high time for me to write my homework. I have to leave. 到了写作业的时候了，我必须要离开了。
注意：若该句型略微调整成It is/was the first/second time that + 句子，那这个句子谓语动词不再采用上述形式，而是It is the first/second time that …have/has done…这是某人第一/二/三...次做某事。
It was the first/second time that …had done…
如：This is the first time that I have ridden a horse。这是我第一次骑马:
This is the first time that I ride (am ridding) a horse.（你会让人觉得你说这句话的时候你还是骑在马背上）It was the first time that I had ridden a hose.那时我第一次骑马(你已经骑过马了)。
It will be the first time that I ride a horse. 如果你要说那将会是你第一次骑马(你还没有骑过马)。
四、虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用
句式①It is+ adj./n.+ that +主语从句（从句的谓语动词常用should+原形且should的省略要看情况而定）
表情绪、观点的形容词或名词，如：necessary、important、impossible、natural、strange、surprising、funny、right、wrong、better、a pity 、the shame、no wonder等。
如：It is strange that such a person should be our friend.(should表示"竟然"的语气，不可省。)句式②It is+ adj.+ that +主语从句（礼貌委婉地表达情况的紧迫性可用虚拟语气）
表示紧迫的形容词，如:advisable，best，critical，desirable，essential，imperative，important，necessary，urgent，vital等。
如：It's vital that you make a decision right now . 你立刻就做决定是至关重要的。
五、虚拟语气在状语从句中的应用
A．对现在事实的假设，从句用一般过去时（be用were）；
B．对过去事实的假设，从句用过去完成时；
C．对将来的假设，从句用过去时或would/might/could/should+V原形
（1）虚拟语气在目的状语从句中的应用
1、在for fear that（生怕，唯恐），in case（以防），lest(以免，免得)引导的从句中，若用虚拟语气时，
从句谓语为: (should) + do
Please remind me of it again tomorrow in case i (should) forget. 请你明天再提醒我这件事，以免我忘记。
She examined the door again for fear that a thief (should) come in. 她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。
He started out earlier lest he (should) be late. 他早早地就出发了以防迟到。
2、在so that，in order that所引导的目的状语从句中，
从句中的谓语为: can / could ，may / might ，will / would ，should + do
I shall write down your telephone number so that i may not forget. 我要把你的电话号码记下来，以免忘记。
He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能听得更清楚。
He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个字。
（2）在as if/as though引导的方式状语从句中的应用
as if 或as though引导的状语从句，用陈述语气表示可能符合事实的情况，用虚拟语气表示与事实不符或与事实相反的情况。
A．The teacher treats the pupil as if he were her own child.
这位老师对待这位学生就像自己的亲生孩子一样。（这位学生并不是她的亲生孩子）
B．I felt as though we had known each other for years.我感觉我们好像认识多年了。（其实并没有认识多年）
C．It looks as if it might rain. 天看上去好像要下雨。（不大可能下雨）
对比：
He looks as if he is young. 看样子他好像很年轻。（他就是年轻，符合事实）
He looks as if he were young. 看样子他好像很年轻。（实际上他不年轻，不符合事实）
（3）虚拟语气在让步状语从句中的应用
A．在even if, even though 引导的让步状语从句中的应用（需判断情况是否真实）
让步状语从句指事实时，从句谓语动词用陈述语气。若从句内容表示现在和将来的假设情况，从句谓语动词用虚拟语气。
even if 表示“即使”“纵然”“就算”“哪怕”，在真实条件句中不用虚拟。
They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed.即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。
Even if it rains tomorrow, we won’t change our plan.即使明天下雨，我们也决不改变计划。
even if从句的内容通常是假设性的用虚拟语气；
Even if he had the money, he wouldn’t buy it.他即使有钱也不会买它。
even though“尽管”“虽然”，引导的从句内容往往是真实的，有时也用虚拟。
He went out even though it was raining. 尽管在下雨，他还是出去了。
Even though we all tried our best, we lost the game. 虽然我们已尽了最大的力量，但还是输了。
Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here.即使华佗在世也救不了他。(事实:华佗不在世)
B．在whatever/ whichever/ whenever/ whoever/ wherever/ however以及no matter + wh-等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为：
表示现在或将来:may/might + V原形
We will finish it on time no matter what may happen.不管发生什么事，我们都要按时完成。
We will find him wherever he may be.无论他在哪里，我们都要找到他。
I will wait for him no matter how late he may come.不管他来的多么晚，我都会等他。
No matter what his social position (might) be, a man is equal in the eye of the law.
一个人不论其社会地位如何，在法律面前都是平等的。
However hard it might rain rains, we shall go there together. 不管雨下得多么大，今晚我们还是要去那里。
表过去:may/might +have done（主句结构不限）
You mustn't be proud whatever great progress you may have made. 不管你取得了多么大的进步，你也不能骄傲。
We must respect him no matter what mistakes he may have made. 不管他犯过什么错误，我们必须尊敬他。
C．though, although等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为 should +动词原形，主句结构不限。
Although / Though he should often be late, he is a good student. 尽管他经常迟到，他还是个好学生。
Although / Though he should be secretary, he must obey the rules. 尽管他是书记，他也必须遵守规定。
D．whether…or…
虚拟语气用在由“whether”引导的让步状语从句中，从句谓语用: should+ V原形
原句：whether he should be sick or well, he works had.
省略whether的倒装：Be he sick or well, he works had.
（whether 引导的让步状语从句在虚拟语气中，省略whether和should，be提前）
七、简单句中的虚拟语气
(1)说话时，为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌，言语常使用虚拟语气。
其虚拟语气的结构形式常为：would / could / might / should +do。
Would you mind my shutting the door 你介意我把门关起来吗
You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把这个教训牢记于心。
I should agree with you.我本该同意你的观点。(委婉的不同意)
(2)表示“祝愿”时，常用may +主语+ do。
May you have a good journey!祝你一路顺风。
May your youth last forever!祝你青春永驻。
May you be happy! 祝您快乐！
(3)表示强烈的"愿望"、"祝愿"的感叹句，常用do。
God bless us. 上帝保佑。
Long live the Party!共产党万岁！
God bless you! 上帝保佑你！
Success attend you! 祝你成功！
The lord save us! 愿主救我们！
(4)习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气。
情态动词用于虚拟语气，部分情态动词的过去形式（could, might, should, would），可以用于非真实条件句以及其他结构中表示虚拟语气。
①提出请求或邀请。
Would you like to have a talk with us this evening今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗
Could I use your bike now我可以用一下你的单车吗
②陈述自己的观点或看法。
I should be glad to meet you.见到你我会很高兴。
I would try my best to help you.我会尽力帮助你。
③提出劝告或建议。
You'd better ask your father first.你最好先问一问你的父亲。
You should make a full investigation of it first.你应该先全面调查一番。
④提出问题。
Do you think he could get here on time你认为他能按时来吗
Do you expect he would tell us the truth你期望他会告诉我们真相吗
⑤表示对过去情况的责备时，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为:情态动词+ have done。
You should have got here earlier. 你早该到这里了。
You should have returned it to him. 你早该把它还给他了。
虚拟语气的用法总结 语气：语气是动词的一中形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望，假设或推测等。如If I were you, I should study English. 一．虚拟语气在条件从句的用法 条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句；一类是非真实条件句，也就是虚拟条件句。 如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语要用陈述语气。如If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句 If her mother had taken the doctor’s advice, she would/might have got well earlier. If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be canceled. 有时候省略if，采用局部倒装语序。把had /should/were 等动词（不包括行为动词）移到从句的句首。例如： Were it to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be canceled. Had it not been for the storm, we would have arrived in time. Should the earth stop running, what would happen? 二. 错综时间条件句 有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时需要根据意思采用表示不同时间的动词形式来进行调整。 If she had taken the doctor’s advice, she might still be alive. If I were you, I would have accepted their terms. 三．含蓄条件句
虚拟语气 一．语气的分类： 二．虚拟语气的用法： （一）虚拟语气在if条件句中的用法： ---If I were you, I would give it up. (与现在事实相反) ---If I had taken his advice, I would not have made such a mistake. (与过去事实相反) ---If she came/should come/were to come, I could ask her for help. (与将来事实相反) 2．特殊用法： ①错综时间虚拟条件句：条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，主从句的谓语动词要根据假设的时间来定。 ---If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would be much better now. ②if条件句虚拟倒装：可以把if从句中的should, were, had置于句首，省略if构成倒装。 ---Were I you, I would give it up. ---Had I taken his advice, I would not have made such a mistake. ---Should she come, I could ask her for help. ③含蓄虚拟条件句：有时假设的情况并不以if引导的条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。常用的词或短语有：without, but for, otherwise, or, but等。 ---Without/But for your help, I could not have succeeded. ---I should have returned the book last week, but I was too busy. （but后为真实情况） ---He was ill, otherwise/or he would have helped us. （otherwise/or前为真实情况） ④特殊的if句虚拟：If it were (had been) not for…“要不是…” ---If it were not for peace, we could not be living a happy life. ---If it had not been for your help, I would have failed. （二）虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法： 1．一些表示坚持，命令，建议，要求的词用于名词性从句中时从句的谓语动词用虚拟（一坚持，二命令，三建议，四要求） ---Our teacher suggested that we (should) study hard. (宾语从句) ---That we (should) study hard was our teacher’s suggestion. (主语从句) ---It was suggested that we (should) study hard. (主语从句) ---Our teacher’s suggestion was that we (should) study hard. (表语从句) ---Our teacher gave us a suggestion that we (should) study hard. (同位语从句) ★suggest表示“暗示”，insist表示“坚持说”时不用虚拟。 ---His pale face suggested that he was ill. ---The old man insisted that I had stolen his money.
虚拟语气: 表示说的话不是事实，不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况，表达一种愿望、建议、假设。 if were/did, would do if had done, would have done if were to do/should do, would do 举例： If I were you, I would do nothing about it. If you had taken your teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake. If it were to/ should rain tomorrow(表示降水率很低)，they wouldn’t go shopping. 附注： 虚拟语气，条件状从倒装 状语从句中，去掉if,提前were/ had/ should 如：If I were you, I would give up. →Were I you, I would give up If you had taken the advice, you would have…. →Had you taken the advice, you would have… If the world shou ld come to an end,…… →Should the world come to an end…… 另外，without, but for, otherwise构成的条件状语从句中，也有含蓄的虚拟语气But for the popularization of electricity, we would lead a whole different life today. (popularization 普及，publicity 宣传) Without your help, I would have failed. We’ll go earlier, otherwise we wouldn’t get a seat.（表示可能性小）
高中英语语法讲解--虚拟语气 1. 语气的定义和种类 （1）语气的定义 语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 （2）语气的种类 A. 陈述语气 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。 We are not ready. Did it rain all day yesterday? What a fine day today！ B. 祈使语气 表使说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。 Be careful. Don’t forget to clo se the window. Open the door, please. C. 虚拟语气 表使动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。 2. 虚拟语气 一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。如： If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。 Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。 虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。 1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+动词原形。 如： If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。 （事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。） If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。 （事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。） 2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+ have ＋过去分词。 如：She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.
考研英语语法虚拟语气解析（一） 虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种形式，用来表示假设，或用来表示命令、建议以及说话人的主 观愿望，有时也可以使语气缓和、委婉。虚拟语气作为一重点语法，在各类考试中占有相当 大的分值，所以理解该语法，不管对于考试，还是在日常应用中都有相当大的作用，本节将 就考试重点作详细讲解。 一、虚拟语气的用法 常用于条件句中，表示与现在、将来、过去相反的假设，表示与现在、将来、过去相反假设时，主句与从句谓语动词的变化形式，现以动词do为例说明。 主句从句现在would/should/could/might + do be 宀were/do 宀did 将来 would/should/could/might + do were to + do/should + do （只能用should）过去 would/should/could/have done had done注：有些语法书中在"与将来相反假设”的条件从句中也有do i did，这样就和“与现在相反假设”的主句、从句完全相似，其主要区别在于各自的时间状语上，另外如果在“与将来相反假设”的条件从句中出现should+ do，那么主句 中就避免使用should+do，可以用would/could/might+do。 例句：If you were to exam ine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006 s World Cup tour name nt, you would most likely find a no teworthy quirk. （选自2007 年Text 1） 分析：该句是复合句。 译文：假如你去调查2006年世界杯上每位足球运动员的出生证明，你很可能会发现一 个值得注意的现象。 例句：If that happe ned, passi on ate con sumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk.（选自2011 年Text 3）分析：该句是复合句，表示与现在相反的假设。其中，分词短语putting the reputation of the target company at risk在句中作状语，表示结果。 译文：这种情况一旦发生，充满激情的消费者会尽力说服他人抵制产品，从而使目标企业的声誉处于危 险境地。 例句：Everything here would have been destroyed utterly , if his wife hadn t called the fire brigade. 分析：该句是复合句。 译文：要不是他的妻子给消防队打电话，这里的一切就被彻底地破坏了。 二、混合式虚拟语气 有时条件从句和主句时态不一致，可以根据主句、从句动作发生的时间分别运用相应的 虚拟语气。 例句：He would be studying at the university now if he had passed the entrance exam in ati on.
虚拟语气用法 英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。 1、表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。 China is an Asian country. (肯定句) How interesting my stay in China has been! (感叹句) 2、祈使句表示说话人对对方的请求、警告，建议或命令。如: Please come over here. 请到这边来。 Watch your steps! 当心!(走路) 3、虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实，或难以实现的情况，甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外，如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。如: If I were a bird，I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。
If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。 If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。 5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。 Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。 【注意】 若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were，should，had 等缩略成Weren't，Shouldn't，Hadn't而置于句首。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。 ②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词: Had I time，I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。(=If I had time…) 6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。 ①将条件会暗含在介词短语中，如without…, but for…,otherwise（要不是因为）等 But for his help, we would be working now. (要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。
虚拟语气用法总结
虚拟语气用法总结 朱世梅 新时代大学英语中针对虚拟语气的练习题较多,而学生们往往把握不好虚拟语气的正确使用,现将其用法总结如下: 一.虚拟语气在英语里主要用来表达： a. 非真实的情景，不可能发生的事，即某种与事实相反或难以实现的情况，或说话人主观愿望。 b. 与客观事实相反地情景，即强制性虚拟语气，表示建议、命令、劝告这一类的意思上，表示强烈的要求做到、必须做到这样的含义。 c. 虚拟语气的表达形式是通过动词的变化形式表达的，其特点是主从句时态的不一致，而且一般有明显得标志。 二.虚拟语气的考点为： 1.If 句型 (共有三种句型) 非真实条件句: a.与现在的事实相反：从句用一般过去时，主句的谓语用would (could, might) ＋动词原形 If I were Bill Gates, I would not work so hard every day. b.与过去的事实相反：从句用过去完成时，主句的谓语用would (could, might) ＋现在完成时 If I had gone to America when I graduated from middle school, I would have got my PhD degree. c.与将来的事实相反：从句用should (were to，did) + 动词原形，主句的谓语用would (could, might) ＋动词原形 If it should/were to snow tomorrow, I would go skiing.
注意：虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。 Eg: Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved. Eg:_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I 答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do. d.混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。例如：条件句动作发生在过去，主句的动作发生在现在)谓语动词要根据表示的时间进行调整。 Eg: If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在). 2.Wish 句型表达“但愿…，要是…多好”的语气表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为： He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。 I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。 Wish to do表达法: Wish sb / sth to do I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. I wish the manager to be informed at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.) 3.在强制性语气的宾语从句中的运用即表示建议、命令、劝告、决心等主观色彩的动词 + that + (should) + 动词原形，其中should 经常被省略。这类动词包括： suggest, propose, recommend, demand, order, command, desire, require, insist,
虚拟语气语法汇总
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虚拟语气 在英语文法中有三种语气，即直述式语气(Indicative Mood)、祈使语气(Imperative Mood)和虚拟语气(Subjective Mood)，其中前两种我们早已熟悉了，这里则不多谈了，如：How beautiful she is! 则是直述式语气，而Hurry up! Don't hurry up 则是祈使语气。我们主要来看看虚拟语气的主要用法。虚拟语气主要是用来表达一种无法实现的愿望，一种与事实相反的情况，或者将不可能实现的，或可能性很小的事实，假想为事实予以表述。这样的动词结构称为虚拟语气。它主要有三种形式，即与现在事实相反的假设，与过去事实相反的假设，与将来事实相反的假设。它们具体结构如表８－７。 虚拟语气的构成 种类条件句结构主句结构 与现在事实相反动词用过去式 be 动词用were Should/could＋动词原形 would/might＋动词原形 与过去事实相反的用had＋过去分词 Should/could＋have＋过去分词 would/might＋have＋过去分词 与将来事实相反动词用过去式 were to 加动词原形 should 加动词原形 should＋动词原形 would＋动词原形虚拟语气其他习惯用法简表 种 类 功用句型例句 虚拟语气表示主观 愿望 主句谓语宾语从句谓语动词I wish we could go to the seaside today. wish 现在过去式 过去 had+过 去分词 I wish I had gone to the basketball match. 将来 should+ 动词原 形 would+ 动词原 形 could+动 词原形 might+动 词原形 I wished I could fly to the moon. I wish you would stay here a little longer. would rather 现在过去式 I would rather you came to my party tomorrow. 表示虚拟状语从句从句动She looked after the orphan as if he
虚拟语气中的含蓄条件句常见用法先看一道高考题： ___ more attention ，the trees could have grown better ． A．Given B．To give C．Giving D ．Having given (答案是A ) 句中" ．．．the trees could have grown better" 是一个表达虚拟语气的句子。题中要求选择的是如何表达假设条件的形式。如果我们把这个句子用另一种形式"If they had been given more attentio n ，the trees could have grown better ．" 来表示，就不难理解了。很多情况下，在表示假设的虚拟语气中，有时假设的条件并不以条件从句的形式表达，而是通过上下文或句中内在的逻辑关系，或用其它形式表达出来，我们称之为" 含蓄条件句" 。含蓄条件句主要通过名词、连接词、不定式、分词、动名词短语、介词短语及分句来暗示。这些表达形式在句中实际起着虚拟条件从句的作用。现分述如下：一、介词短语常用来表示虚拟条件的介词有with ，without ，in ，under ，but for 等等，它们表示的虚拟条件都可以被if 从句替换。 ( 1 ) without ，with without 表示否定的条件，意为if ．．．not ；with 与without 意义相反，表示肯定的条件。如： Without air , there would be no living things .(without air = if there were no air)没有空气，便没有生物。 With her help (= If I had her help )，I would do the experiment well ．假如有她帮助，我就可以把这个实验做好。 ( 2 ) under Under the leadership of a less experienced person ，the experiment would have failed ．( u nder ．．．= If there had been the leadership of a less experienced person )假设在一个缺 少经验的人领导下进行实验，实验准会失败。 (3 ) in I would have lost my head in that position ．( in that position = if I had been in that po sition )我处在那种情况下，是会丧失理智的。 ( 4 ) but for
虚拟语气用法归纳 虚拟语气主要指的的是带有非真实条件状语从句的复合句，表达的是说话人的遗憾后悔的语气，愿望以及建议，命令，要求等等的情感，往往说的是与事实相反或者没办法实现改变的东西。虚拟语气主要表现为在对过去现在或者将来的情况做出假设后，有可能出现的情况。 虚拟语气的内容主要有三大模块，第一模块就是涉及到条件从句部分的内容。这一部分的虚拟语气主要体现在三个方面：基本用法，各自为政，以及含蓄之美。 下表就是条件从句虚拟语气的基本用法： 通常，在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式，从句和主句的谓语动词时间是一致的，如果两者时间不一致，此时就是混合型虚拟语气。混合型虚拟语气的使用要求“各自为政”，即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同，采用上面表格中对应的的谓语动词形式。 如何“各自为政”呢？这就像是数学里的排列组合，一边有三种情况，交叉一搭配就出现了好多种情况。不管怎样，我们要遵循一个原则，就是“各自为政”。例如，从句是对过去情况的假设，而主句则是对现在情况的假设，那我们在使用时，从句就用过去完成式，而主句要用would/could do的形式。当然，也不是所有的AB配就是合理的，有时候在具体语境下，会出现矛盾的情况，这时我们就要结合要表达的意思来判断他们是对什么情况的假设，选择合适的形式。一般而言，主句的假设时间会发生在从句的假设时间之后。因为是有这么一个条件才会出现主句的现状。因此在此类的完成句子练习中，我们要特别提醒注意时间状语的暗示 1. If I had seen you, I would not be so worried now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 2. If you had not watched television so late last night, you would not be so sleepy now.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 3. If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad. (从句和主句都是现在的假设) 4. Had you followed the doctor’s suggestion, you would be fine now.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 5. If I had made some money last summer, I would go on holiday next month.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对将来的假设) 6. You didn’t let me drive. If we had driven in turns, you wouldn’t be so tired now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 7. If Jack hadn’t met Rose on his voyage, he would be alive now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 8. If Lily didn’t attend today’s party, she could not have the chance to work in the company next week. (从句是对现在的假设，主句是对将来的假设) 9. Had Father followed my travel plan , our family would not stay at home now. (从句是对
语法讲解 ——虚拟语气 英语中有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反，或不可能发生的情况。 1. 表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：一般过去时（虚拟语气中be→were）主句用：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。 If we had time now, we would read it again. If I were you, I would work hard. 2. 表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：had+过去分词；主句：would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词。If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the test. If I had known your telephone number then, I would have called you. 3. 表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句： ①一般过去时②should +动词原形③were to+动词原形；主句：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。 If it should rain, the crops would be saved. If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out. P.S 虚拟条件句的特殊情况
(1). 混合/错综型虚拟语气 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为‘错综条件句’，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。 If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.(从句说的是过去，主句是现在) If I were you, I would have taken his advice.(从句是现在，主句是过去) （2）省略if的虚拟语气 如果从句中含有were/ should/ had时，则可以把这三个词置于句首，省略if.采用倒装语序。 If it should happen, what would you do? →Should it happen, what would you do? If he had recognized me, he would have come over. →Had he recognized me, he would have come over. (3) 含蓄虚拟条件句 有时候假设的情况不以if引导的条件从句形式表现出来，而是通过一个介词短语，连词或其他形式表示。常用的词或短语有：without, with, but for(要是没有), otherwise, or, but等。Without your help(=If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded.
虚拟语气用法归纳文件管理序列号：[K8UY-K9IO69-O6M243-OL889-F88688]
虚拟语气用法归纳 虚拟语气主要指的的是带有非真实条件状语从句的复合句，表达的是说话人的遗憾后悔的语气，愿望以及建议，命令，要求等等的情感，往往说的是与事实相反或者没办法实现改变的东西。虚拟语气主要表现为在对过去现在或者将来的情况做出假设后，有可能出现的情况。 虚拟语气的内容主要有三大模块，第一模块就是涉及到条件从句部分的内容。这一部分的虚拟语气主要体现在三个方面：基本用法，各自为政，以及含蓄之美。 下表就是条件从句虚拟语气的基本用法： 通常，在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式，从句和主句的谓语动词时间是一致的，如果两者时间不一致，此时就是混合型虚拟语气。混合型虚拟语气的使用要求“各自为政”，即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同，采用上面表格中对应的的谓语动词形式。 如何“各自为政”呢这就像是数学里的排列组合，一边有三种情况，交叉一搭配就出现了好多种情况。不管怎样，我们要遵循一个原则，就是“各自为政”。例如，从句是对过去情况的假设，而主句则是对现在情况的假设，那我们在使用时，从句就用过去完成式，而主句要用
would/could do的形式。当然，也不是所有的AB配就是合理的，有时候在具体语境下，会出现矛盾的情况，这时我们就要结合要表达的意思来 判断他们是对什么情况的假设，选择合适的形式。一般而言，主句的假 设时间会发生在从句的假设时间之后。因为是有这么一个条件才会出现 主句的现状。因此在此类的完成句子练习中，我们要特别提醒注意时间 状语的暗示 1. If I had seen you, I would not be so worried now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 2. If you had not watched television so late last night, you would not be so sleepy now.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 3. If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad. (从句和主句都是现在的假设) 4. Had you followed the doctor’s suggestion, you would be fine now.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 5. If I had made some money last summer, I would go on holiday next month.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对将来的假设) 6. You didn’t let me drive. If we had driven in turns, you wouldn’t be so tired now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 7. If Jack hadn’t met Rose on his voyage, he would be alive now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)
虚拟语气语法讲解 虚拟语气 英语句子中谓语动词的语气有三种： 1. 直陈语气（The Indiative d）直陈语气用于直截了当地陈述事实、描述状态： He has published quite a nuber f essays this year .他今年已发表了好几篇论。 2. 祈使语气（The Iperative d） 祈使语气用于提出请求、命令、建议或是劝告等： ait utside until yu are asked . 请在外面等候，请你进再进去。 Lets ust take a break, shall we ? 我们休息一会儿，好吗？ 3. 虚拟语气（The Subuntive d） 虚拟语气用于表示主观愿望和假设的虚拟情况。虚拟语气不太顾及事实的存在，它表现出说话人的主观因素比较多。所以说话人所讲的内容往往是与事实相反的；或是其实现的可能性微乎其微，甚至于没有实现的可能性。当然，有时为了使说话的语气客气、缓和、委婉，也使用虚拟语气。例如： I wish yu were re areful .但愿你更细心一些。 If I had re ney, I wuld buy a bigger apartent.
我要是有再多一点钱，我就买一套更大一些房子。 uld yu ind shutting the dr ? 劳驾您把门关上。 一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的构成和用法 1. 表示一种与过去事实相反的假设情况，条件从句中的谓语动词要用“had+过去分词”，主句中的谓语动词要用“wuld / shuld / uld / ight+have+过去分词”。如： If yu had e here yesterday, yu wuld have seen hi. 如果你昨天到这里，你就会看见他了。 2. 表示一种与目前事实相反的假设情况，条件状语从句中的谓语动词要用一般过去式(be动词常用were)，而主句中的谓语动词则要用“wuld / shuld / uld / ight+动词原形”。如： If I had his telephne nuber, I wuld all hi nw. 如果我有他的电话号码，我现在就打电话给他。 If I were yu, I wuld nt tell hi that. 如果我是你，我就不把那件事告诉他。 3. 表示与将的事实可能相反的假设情况时，条件状语从句中的谓语动词要用：1) shuld+动词原形，或2) 一般过去式，或3) were+不定式，主句中的谓语动词要用“wuld+动词原形“。如： If it snwed trrw, any rps wuld die f ld. = If it were t snw trrw, any rps wuld die f ld. = If it shuld snw trrw, any rps wuld die f ld. 如果明天下雪，许多庄稼都会冻死。 4. 有时候，条件和结果不是指同一个时间，这时，应根据上面谈到的几种情况，使用相应的形式，这种虚拟语气
虚拟语气在非真实条件句中
①错综时间条件句: 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。如： If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. ②if省略句 在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，变成倒装句式。如：If I were at school again, I would study harder. →Were I at school again, I would study harder. 如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。 If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus. →Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus. 如果你来得早点，你就能赶上公共汽车。 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. →Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨的话，我们就不能登山去了。 ③用介词代替条件状语从句 常用的介词有with, without, but for。如： What would you do with a million dollars? (=if you had a million dollars) 如果你有100万元，你会做什么？ We couldn?t have finished the work ahead of time without your help. (=if we
英语虚拟语气用法总结 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况： 从句：主语+过去时 主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do eg： 1.If I were you,I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你,我会带把伞.(事实：我不可能是你) 2.If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你.(事实：不知道) 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句：主语+had+done 主句：主语+should/would/could/might+have done eg： 1. If I had got there earlier,I should/could have met her.如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她. (事实：去晚了) 2.If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了.(事实：没有听我的话) 3、表示对将来情况的主观推测 从句：主句 ①if+主语+were to do ：①主语+should/would/could/might+do ②if+主语+did/were ②主语+should/would/could/might+do ③if+主语+should+do ③主语+should/would/could/might+do eg： 1.If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.