美国文学选读------作家作品
Benjamin Franklin
Poor Richard’s Almanac
The Autobiography
Edgar Allan Poe
Tamerlane and Other Poems
Poems
The Raven and Other Poems
Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque
Tales
“The Fall of the House of Usher”
“The Masque of the Red Death”
“Ligeia”, “The Black Cat”, “The Cask of Amontillado”
“Murders in the Rue Morgue”, “The Purloined Letter”, “The Gold Bug”
“The Philosophy of Composition”, “The Poetic Principle”
Annabel Lee
The Raven
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Nature
The American Scholar
The Divinity School Address
Essays: First Series
Essays: Second Series
Representative Men
English Traits
The Conduct of Life
Poems, 1846
May-Day and Other Pieces
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Fanshawe
Twice-told Tales
Mosses from an Old Manse
The Scarlet Letter
The House of the Seven Gables
The Blithedale Romance
The Marble Faun
Herman Melville
Typee
Omoo
Mardi
Redburn
White Jacket
Moby Dick
The Confidence Man
Battle Pieces
Clarel
John Marr and Other Sailors
Timoleon
Billy Budd
Henry David Thoreau
On the Duty of Civil Disobedience
A Week on the Concord and Merrimack River
Walden
19th-Century American Poets
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
V oice of the Night
Ballads and Other Poems
Evangeline
The Song of Hiawatha
Walt Whitman
Leaves of Grass
“One’s Self Sing”, “O Captain! My Captain!”Emily Dickinson
“T o Make a Prairie…”
“Success Is Counted Sweetest”
“I’m Nobody!”
Mark Twain
The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County The Innocents Abroad
The Gilded Age
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
Life on the Mississippi
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court
The Tragedy of Pudd’nhead Wilson
The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg
Henry James
A Passionate Pilgrim
Roderick Hudson
The Novels and Tales of Henry James
The American
Daisy Miller
The Portrait of a Lady
Bostonians
The Princess of Casamassima
The Spoils of Poynton
The Turn of the Screw
The Awkward Age
The Wings of the Dove
The Ambassadors
The Golden Bowl
The American Scene
Stephen Crane
Maggie: A Girl of the Streets
The Red Badge of Courage
The Open Boat
The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky
The Blue Hotel
Willa Cather
Sherwood Anderson
Windy McPherson’s Son
Winesburg, Ohio
Marching Men
Poor White
The Triumph of the Egg and Other Stories Horses and Men
Many Marriages
Dark Laughter
Beyond Desire
Death in the Woods and Other Stories Katherine Anne Porter
The Flowering Judas
Pale Horse, Pale Rider
The Leaning Tower
The Old Order
Old Mortality
A Ship of Fools
F. Scott Fitzgerald
This Side of Paradise
The Beautiful and the Damned
Flappers and Philosophers
Tales of the Jazz Age
The Great Gatsby
Tender is the Night
William Faulkner
The Marble Faun
Soldier’s Pay
Mosquitoes
The Sound and the Fury
As I Lay Dying
Light in August
Absalom, Absalom!
Sartoris
The Hamlet 《村子》
The Town
The Mansion
Ernest Hemingway
In Our Time
The Sun Also Rises
A Farewell to Arms
For Whom the Bell Tolls
The Old Man and the Sea
20th-Century American Poets Ezra Pound
Exultations
Personae
Cathay
Cantos
Des Imagistes
Wallace Stevens
The Necessary Angel
William Carlos Williams
Collected Later Poems
Collected Early Poems
Paterson
Robert Frost
A Boy’s Will
North of Boston
New Hamphshire
Collected Poems
A Further Range
A Witness Tree
Langston Hughes
The Weary Blues
Fine Clothes to the Jew
The Dream Keeper and Other Poems
Shakespeare in Harlem
Archibald MacLeish
The Happy Marriage
The Poet of Earth
Conquistador
Collected Poems, 1952
J.B.
EugeneGlastone O’Neill
Bound East for Cardiff
In the Zone
The Long V oyage Home
The Moon of the Caribees
Emperor Jones
The Hairy Ape
The Great God Brown
Strange Interlude
Desire Under the Elms
Mourning Becomes Electra
The Iceman Cometh
A Touch of the Poet
Long Day’s Journey Into Night
The Moon for the Misbegotten
Hughie
More Stately Mansions
Elwyn Brooks White
Talk of the Town
Is Sex Necessary?
Elements of Style
Stuart Little
Charlotte’s Web
Quo Vadimus or The Case for the Bicycle One Man’s Meat
The Points of My Compass
Letters of E. B. White
Essays of E. B. White
Poems and Sketched of E. B. White
Writings from The New Yorker Tennessee Williams
The Glass Menagerie
A Streetcar Named Desire
Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
Summer and Smoke
The Rose Tattoo
Camino Real
Orpheus Descending
Suddenly Last Summer
The Sweet Bird of Youth
The Night of the Lguana
Ralph Waldo Elison
Invisible Man
Shadow and Act
Going to the Territory
美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案洁(部分) Unit 1 Benjamin Franklin Questions 1.Why did Franklin write his Autobiography? Franklin says that because his son may wish to know about his life, he is taking his one week vacation in the English countryside to record his past. He also says that he has enjoyed his life and would like to repeat it 2.What made Franklin decide to leave the brother to whom he had been apprenticed? His brother was passionate, and had often beaten him. The aversion to arbitrary power that has stuck to him through his whole life .After a brush with the law, Franklin left his brother. 3.How did he arrive in Philadephia? First he set out in a boat for Amboy, the boat dropped him off about 50 miles from Burlington, the next day he reached Burlington on foot, in Burlington he found a boat which was going towards Philadelphia, he arrived there about eight
1、The Colonial Period（1607-1765） American Puritanism ( in the early 17th century through the end of the 18th) 北美第一位女诗人Anne Bradstreet(宗教气息，夫妻恩爱) Edward Taylor 都受英国玄学派影响（metaphysical） 2、The Enlightenment and Revolution Period Benjamin Franklin:Poor Richard's Almanac The Autobiography---“美国梦”的根源 3、American Romanticism（end of 18th to the civil war） American writers emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature. 早期浪漫主义Washington Irving father of American Literature
1.Puritanism: Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the Puritans. 1.simply speaking , American Puritanism just refers to the spirit and ideal of puritans,who settled in the North American continent in the early part of the seventeenth century because of religious persecutions. 2.In content it means scrupulous ,moral rigor ,especially hostility to social pleasure and religion . 3.with time passing it became a dominant factor in American life , one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thought and literature.to some extent it is a state of mind,a part of the national cultural atmosphere that the American breathes ,rather than a set of tenets. 4.Actually it is a code of values,a philosophy of life and a point of view in American minds,also a two-faceted tradition of religious idealism and level -headed in common sense . 2.The American Romanticism(浪漫主义):a literary movement flourished as a cultural force the early period and the late period. associated with imagination and boundlessness, as an historical movement it arose in the 18th and 19th centuries.(Walt Whitman, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, Edgar Allan Poe.) II.Features of American romanticism (1) It was the expression of “a real new experience(全新体验)”. (2) American Puritanism was a cultural heritage. Many American romantic writings intended to edify(启发) more than they entertained. (3) American Romanticism is full of “newness(新奇)” . Ideals：Individualism; political equality Dream：America: a new Garden of Eden (4)American romanticism was both imitative and independent. 3.Transcendentalism 超验主义 The major features of Transcendentalism: ① The Transcendentalists placed emphasis on spirit, or the Oversoul, as the most important thing in the universe. 思想超灵宇宙 ② The Transcendentalists stressed the importance of the individual. To them, the individual is the most important element of Society. ③ The Transcendentalists offered a fresh perception of nature as symbolic of the Spirit or God. Nature was not purely matter. It was alive, filled with God’s ove rwhelming presence. 自然+上帝 Ralph Waldo Emerson. American Transcendentalism:As a philosophical and literary
第13课1. 你好？我是王丹。 你好？我是李世民。 李世民先生是韩国人吗？ 是的，韩国人。王丹是中国人吗？ 是的，我是中国人。 2. 你好？许正姬 你好？陈文洙。陈文洙先生是学生吗？ 我是汉城大学学生。专业是韩国历史。 3. 你好？我是金永浩 你好？我是王龙，很高兴见到你。 金永浩先生是学生吗？ 不是。我在公司上班。王龙先生是学生吗？是的，我是大学生。 第14课1. 你好，王丹 你好，洪丹。去哪里？ 去学校。 那么和我一起去吧 2. 陈文洙先生，最近忙什么？ 学习韩国语。 在哪里学韩国语？
在汉城大学语言学研究所学习韩国语。 3. 请读 请写 请认真听 请跟着做 请提问 请回答 请看黑板 知道了吗？ 有问题吗？ 第15课1. 王龙先生，昨天做了什么？ 在家读书了。李世民先生做了什么？ 我见了朋友。 见谁了？ 见了朴民洙先生 和朴民洙先生做了什么？ 看了电影。然后聊天了。 2. 洪丹，昨天去了景福宫和博物馆吗？ 去了景福宫。但是没能去博物馆。 为什么没能去博物馆？ 没有时间。金智英做了什么？ 我在家打扫了卫生。然后稍微休息了。
第16课 买东西 1. 快请进。 有面包和牛奶吗？ 是的，有 要两块面包和一瓶牛奶。 在这里， 多少钱？ 950元。 2. 大叔，这苹果多少钱？ 500元。 那苹果多少钱？ 那个是800元。 要那个苹果5个。 4000元。 给您钱。 慢走。请再来。 再见。 第17课 一天的工作 1. 王丹早晨6点起床。先做晨练。然后洗脸。8点吃饭。8点半去学校。9点到下午1点学习韩国语。1点半和朋友们一起吃饭。下午和韩国朋友一起去图书馆。
2018年自学考试《美国文学选读》试题 Multiple choice; 1._________ works are marked by a preoccupation with the Calvinistic view of original sin and the mystery of evil. A.Emerson’s B. Hawthorne’s C. Thoreau’s D. Allan Poe’s 2. Irving’s “Rip Van Winkle”got ideas from _______ legends. A.B ritish B. German C. Italian D. French 3. “Rip Van Winkle”reveals the theme of ______ the past. A. nostalgia for B. rejectionn to C. detachment from D. dislike for 4. In Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter , “A”may stand for ____________. A. Angel B. Adultery C. Able D.all the above 4. According to Hawthorne, the scarlet letter “A”which originally stood for “____”finally obtained the meaning of “able”or “angel”through Hester’s efforts. A. adultery B. arrogance C. accomplishment D. agony 5. Which one is not the characteristics of the puritan style? A. Fresh B. Simple C. Grand D. Direct 6. In his ______, Benjamin Franklin creates the image of a boy’s rise from rags to riches and demonstrates his belief that the new world America was a land of opportunities which might be met through hard work and wise management.
《英语文学文化及影视赏析》课程教学大纲 一、课程说明 1、课程名称（中英文）：英语文学文化及影视赏析/English Literature and Culture & Appreciation of English movies 2、学时学分：75学时理论教学，2学分 3、适用专业：非英语专业研究生 4、开课学院：外国语学院 5、课程负责人：姜萌萌 二、课程描述： 本课程拟对英语经典文学与相关文化概况进行简要介绍，并遴选英美国家的经典作家和作品，对其文学特色、文化背景进行分析。课程重视文学作品与时代背景、西方历史文化的联系，在教学中将理论与实践相结合，做到寓教于乐。在课内，不仅有作家作品、相关文化背景和信息的介绍、经典作品片段的解读，并通过课堂讨论以及影视作品的欣赏帮助学生最直观地理解西方文化与文学作品的文本意义。在课外，学生需要查阅相关资料，完成相关问题的回答与读书报告，以一种轻松愉悦并且多方面切入的方式学习、了解和体验英语文学文化。该课程目的在于通过英语文学文化的学习，提高学生对英语语言的掌握能力、增强对英语文学经典的理解力和对西方文化的审美能力，进一步养成对英语的敏感性，培养人文素质和文学涵养。 三、教材： 王守仁主编，《英国文学选读》，北京：高等教育出版社。 陶洁主编，《美国文学选读》，北京：高等教育出版社。 秦秀白，《英美国家概况》，北京：高等教育出版社。 王佐良，《欧洲文化入门》，北京：外语教学与研究出版社。 自编讲义 四、教学方式： 理论与实践相结合。 五、考核方式： 提交一篇与所学课程相关的课程论文，用英语完成。 总成绩=期末考试成绩70%+平时成绩30%（考勤占10%）
1、Do you think Gatsby deserves to be called “the great”? Why? -------from F、Scoot、Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby Gatsby pursuit “a universe of ineffable gorgeous” in his young age、In fact, Gatsby from West Egg insists his Platonic fantasy、He fell in love with the blonde and his ineffable gorgeous ideal is bined with Daisy’s breathing and desire、Daisy bees the image of ideal in his mind; though she marries Tom and may does not love him, though he can realize her soul full of money and desire, he cannot change his mind which back his love and be together as before、Maybe that is the shining and great part of his soul、Maybe that is the American dream which can show to us、But through the novel, we can have the clear idea that Daisy’s desire was not his drea m, it is not Daisy’s fault but his dream has giant vitality and energy、His dream is far behind Daisy and everything exists、He does his best to build the perfect world and aim in his mind、So his spirit which pursuits on ideal and dedication is also far behind secular frolicking in the bed、For realizing his dream, he donated himself to mud of money in New York; he showed no interests in wealth itself and the life of debauchery、Just like the lotus lives in the pound around with mud but not be polluted、His soul no doubt is suffering in the social life but without any plain、3、What do “petals” and “bough” stands for? -----from Ezra Pound In A Station of the Metro、 First of all, this poem stands the points of economy by Imagism、Every word in this poem has its own unique meaning、For example, the color of black in this poem may represent the train’s color, the railway’s color, the pillar’s color or the dim light of the metro station、Ezra Pound was very sensitive to the color and usually used their different meanings in his poetry、He used the skill of painting in his process of creating the poem、In this poem, every word is used as the pigment、Petals stand for the meaning of color from their unique image、The word “wet” brings the feeling of fresh and bright to the people、And the word “apparition” gives the dim color of pale and weak to the “faces” and “petals”、And the author put the petals and faces together let the faces have the feeling of tender and red、Several pretty faces appear in the metro station from the dimly lit, and they bee the shining petals in the black bough which was wet by the rain、This transformation is based on our vision, but it also shows that the same point between the quiet nature scenery and the noisy industrial environment、Ezra Pound wants tell us that we can find the beauty everywhere in our daily life、And it also shows the metaphor of Imagism、 1、Do you think Gatsby deserves to be called “the great”? Why? (1)I think it is too plicated to simply say Gatsby deserves to be “great” or not、For one thing, Gatsby was ambitious, hardworking, generous and passionate、He was so extremely loyal to his love and Daisy that he could do anything to get Daisy back: he did shady business to earn money and social position; he threw luxurious parties just to draw Daisy’s attention; he could take the blame for a death that he did not cause、(2)In this respect, he is much “greater” than his contemporaries、For another thing, Gatsby never realized that Daisy wasn’t the girl he loved anymore、Gatsby was so innocent that he staked everything on his dreams, not realizing that his dreams are unworthy of him、He wasn’t sober enough to be great、
美国文学史及作品选读模拟试题一 ) '×15=15I.Multiple Choice (1'______was the first colony in American history. C1. D.Georgia C. Virginia A. Massachusetts B. New Jersey War. the before Revolutionary only good American author 2. _B_____ was the
One “His shadow lies heavier than any other man's on of his fellow Americans said, this young nation.”D.Thomas Paine B. Benjamin Franklin C. Thomas Jefferson A. John Smith 3. Romantics put emphasis on the following EXCEPT __A____. D. individualism C. intuition B. imagination A. common sense The Raven was written in 1844 by __B______ 4. B. Edgar Allan Poe A. Philip Freneau D. Emily Dickinson C. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 5. The ship __C____ carried about one hundred Pilgrims and took 66 days to beat its way across the Atlantic. In December of 1620, it put the Pilgrims ashore at Plymouth, Massachusetts. D. Titanic C. Mayflower B. Armada A. Sunflower D____ is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in 6. Melville's novel __ pursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale. Moby Dick D. C. White Jacket A. Typee B. Omoo 7. As a philosophical and literary movement, __D____ flourished in New England from the 1830s to the Civil War. D.Transcendentalism C.Sentimentalism B.Rationalism A.Modernism 8. The theme of original sin is fully reflected in ___A______. B. Sister Carrie A. The Scarlet Letter The Old Man and Sea D. C. The Great Gatsby 9. In all his novels Theodore Dreiser sets himself to project the ___B___ American values. For example, in Sister Carrie, there is not one character whose status is not determined economically. 页1 第 A. Puritan B. materialistic C. psychological D. religious 10. Realism was a reaction against____B__ or a move away from the bias towards
《美国文学选读》课程标准 一、课程性质与任务 美国文学选读是英语专业高年级的选修课。它与英美文学史密切结合，使学生在接触到浩繁的文学作品的同时，可以对繁杂的文学现象加以整理和梳理，并形成自己阅读文学作品的习惯，开阔视野，在学习过程中把握正确的理解文学作品的方法。美国文学选读通过向学生介绍文学作品及其作品创作的历史文化背景，培养学生阅读文学作品的兴趣，增强语感，增进学生对美国社会、历史、文化以及生活习俗的了解，提高他们对西方文学的欣赏能力及批评能力。 二、课程教学目标 1．知识目标 1）文学知识：通过本课程的学习，学生应深入、直观地理解各个时期的美国文学作品，把握其思想、语言及创作技巧上的特点；另外，还应对美国的文学评论流变具备相对清晰的认识。 2）语言知识：本课程是通过介绍不同文体的文学作品，深化学生对英语语言的认知、理解和应用的能力。并通过对不同时期英语原文资料的阅读和解析，以一种更加直观的方式了解这门语言的发展。 2．能力目标 1）文学作品鉴赏能力：通过作者作品的讲解，学生可以对作品的社会历史价值和艺术价值进行评价，培养并提高自我的鉴赏能力； 2）语言表达能力：通过课堂和课下阅读及评价任务的完成，学生的口头和书面表达能力能够得到全面的提高； 3）思辩能力：课上小组讨论环节和presentation环节能够激发学生的思辩能力，助其开拓思路，同时也为以后对英语的有效使用打下基础。 3．素质目标 1）文学文化修养：本课程作为英语专业高年级学生的素养课，旨在培养学生对美国文学及文化的理解，可以使学生以直观的方式全面接触这种语言和文化，并形成独立的开放的文化观，进一步强化其跨文化意识； 2）基本的研究素质：本课程通过对文学评论的介绍和讲解向学生传授文学鉴赏的不同视角，可使其具备基本的文学研究素质； 3）文学翻译的基础：本课程通过对文学作品的细读向学生介绍文字背后的人文、历史、政治、哲学及美学等因素，可为文学翻译课程提供较好的材料，并做好前期准备。 三、课程基本信息和内容要求
?41?????? 1周岁宴 桌子上首先要放上糕点、水果，此外还有许多不可缺少的东西 精心的做了准备，还忘了什么吗？这里放了线和面条 那是表示长命百岁的，还应该放上表示发财的大米和钱 哎呀！突然一下子忘了放钱了 如果一切就绪了，就把孩子带来坐下，穿的那样整齐看起来挺文雅嘛 不用坐下站着吧。吃的东西这么多，大家都还看着他，好像很神气 长得像他父亲，个也高，很有男子汉的样子。来，看先抓什么？抓面条吧 哎呀，先抓糕点吃。对了对了，想好好念书，也抓书了 2聘礼 来，现在看上聘礼，挺有意思的，新媳妇向公婆敬茶了，这是大礼节 然而为什么不让新媳妇一人独自行礼，还要有人搀扶着 那是因为行那种礼的对象不仅是公婆，而是婆家的所有长辈，很累的，所以旁边要有人搀扶 我对这些原来都不知道，公婆表现出很满意的样子，那张桌子上放的饮食都是什么 是说那色彩斑斓的鸡和用线一一串起来的红枣吗？那是新媳妇作为聘礼送给公婆的 哎呀你看，那位当了婆婆的人向新媳妇扔红枣呢 是呀，那意思是根据落在她身体上红枣的数量决定她会多子多孙，一生幸福 是吗？按红枣的数量，哈哈，那岂不是太多了 3花甲宴 朴仁浩先生你属什么？ 比我小三岁，甲戍、乙亥、丙子，丙子年生，属鼠 看的二人坐在那里享受花甲宴，真让人羡慕 那里敬酒的儿子儿媳是老幺。好像在釜山经营着大公司 那么说，是三个儿子两个女儿了。儿女都已成材，真有福气啊 夫妻白头偕老，财富之上，更有子女福……真的多福多寿啊
是啊，花甲老人那样健壮矍铄，长寿之相啊 听说这次宴会结束几天后就要去旅行，儿子和女儿拿钱，让两位老人去济州岛观光 4吊丧 今天早上我接到朋友父亲去世的讣告，想去吊唁应该如何办 接到讣告当然应该去吊唁 如何去吊唁，请多指教 到丧家后，先要焚香，行大礼，祈祷故人冥福。而且要向站立在旁的丧家行礼致意 在丧家说什么话致意呢 应该说多么令人悲痛啊，但往往是话未说完就泣不成声了 这是韩国式的致意啊 而且都要送上丧仪，以补丧礼费用之需。另外如果关系特别好，还要陪同丧家守灵，以分担丧家之悲痛 5婚礼 人生中最美丽的回忆可以说是婚礼，婚礼对于任何人来说都是美丽的重要的。因此有许多必须遵守的繁文缛节。而韩国的婚俗中，甚至包括了某些搞笑的内容，下面看一下韩国的婚俗 在古代，七岁便有男女不同席之说，故无从说到恋爱结婚之事。一般都是媒人从中说合，双方父母了解对方的家庭、人品等情况后，定下婚事。在定下婚事之后，新郎家便将写有生年月日和时辰的生辰八字送至新妇家。接到生辰八字的新妇家提出婚期，再告知新郎家，互相同意后，便约定婚期。定准婚期后，新妇家便做结婚准备。出嫁时自己要穿的衣服，用的物品，向公婆和亲戚赠送的礼品，等等，都要精心购买、准备。 婚礼的前一天是送箱笼之日，新郎家要将装着准备好的红绿色绸缎衣料、礼品和婚书的箱笼送到新妇家。箱笼是由亲戚抬到新妇家的，此时，青纱灯笼引路，亲戚们在进入新妇家所在的村庄后，便一边走一边喊买箱笼呵！于是新妇家或许担心箱笼被送到别人家，便要喊我们买！抬箱笼的大伯们盛气凌人地故意卖关子，摆出不出高价就不卖的讨价还价姿态。当然，最后他们以未能取胜的样子进到新妇家，新妇家因得到箱笼而大喜，以酒招待之。 婚礼时新郎乘马到新妇家，戴着纱帽、穿着官服的新郎同戴着首饰、穿着圆领衫的新妇互相行礼，从而婚礼开始。此时，新郎才一睹新妇芳容。而且新郎将带来的一对大雁置于
美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案陶洁(部分) Unit 1 Benjamin Franklin Questions 1.Why did Franklin write his Autobiography? Franklin says that because his son may wish to know about his life, he is taking his one week vacation in the English countryside to record his past. He also says that he has enjoyed his life and would like to repeat it 2.What made Franklin decide to leave the brother to whom he had been apprenticed? His brother was passionate, and had often beaten him. The aversion to arbitrary power that has stuck to him through his whole life .After a brush with the law, Franklin left his brother. 3.How did he arrive in Philadephia? First he set out in a boat for Amboy, the boat dropped him off about 50 miles from Burlington, the next day he reached Burlington on foot, in Burlington he found a boat which was going towards Philadelphia, he arrived there about eight
第一段：???? ????? 1.????:（比喻）使理解起来更容易，而用和它有相似性质或模样的其他事物来表现。 用比喻来说，比喻法 用蚂蚁来比喻努力做事的人。 2.???????:（转眼间）用眼睛睁一次闭一次那么短的时间来说明变化的发生。 转眼就消失了。转眼间 刚才一转眼钱包就不见了。 3.??:（悬挂）使物品贴在某个地方不掉下来。 吊，挂；挂着 爸爸亲手把掉了的纽扣缝上。 4.??：(呼呼)翅膀大大的张开慢慢飞动的模样，或是火苗猛烈燃烧的样子。堆积的事情做完后心情很畅快。 5.??? ??：（沉浸在幸福里）像泡在水里那样很深的浸在幸福的感情中，想不到不幸。 正沉浸在幸福中；饱含悲伤的眼睛 全世界的人都经常处于幸福该有多好。 6.-??
??：在动词后面，表示前文的内容是后文的补充，或表示前文的内容和后文对立。 有乱扔垃圾的人，也有捡起来的人。 今天下雨，也出了太阳。 世界上有好人也有坏人。 他既夸耀自己也责备自己没有能力。 那个人又有能力人际关系又好，在公司得到很多人气。 7.????：（焦急）表现因为紧急或是没有时间而紧张等待的心情。焦急的心情；焦急的等待 在手术室外有因为等待结果而急得走来走去的家人。 8.-???? ??：在引用文‘-???’后面加上复数结尾词‘-?’，表示一般性，很多人这样说。 都说这次入学考试很简单。 都说是让子女接受早期外语教育的父母增多了呢。 一般对双职工夫妻来说家务事都是负担。 说是利用假期去外国进行背囊旅行的大学生增多了。 都吵着要借着连休去野外，我们也去哪里走走吧。 9.?????：（变化无常）人的性格或是天气等一会这样一会那样，经常变化的性质。 善变的人；变化得厉害 最近天气善变，准备把雨伞经常带着吧。
美国文学选读期末复习资料 The Colonial Period or The Enlightenment and Revolution Period American Puritanism ( roughly from the settlement of America in the early 17th century through the end of the 18th) 一、Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林 作品：1、Poor Richard's Almanac 《格言历书》--- A Collection of maxims, or proverbs, on the value of work and savings for success. 2、The Autobiography 《自传》---“美国梦”的根源 3、参与起草《独立宣言》 American Romanticism The Romantic Period stretches from the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of the Civil War. It is a period of the great flowering of American literature. 浪漫主义两大主题：爱和大自然的力量 The social and cultural background of Romanticism： ---The young Republic was flourishing into a politically, economically and culturally independent country. ---The Romantic writings revealed unique characteristics of their own in their works and they grew on the native lands. ---The desire for an escape from society and a return to nature became a permanent convention of American literature. ---The American Puritanism as a cultural heritage exerted great influences over American moral values. Romantics frequently shared certain general characteristics: moral enthusiasm, faith in value of individualism and intuitive perception, and a presumption that the natural world was a source of goodness and man’s societies as a source of corruption.