上海市建平中学2018-2019学年学高三第一学期12月英语质量检测试卷

嘉定一中2018学年第一学期高三学业水平练习（一）英语Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Spare Time To Read,Reading is not just about learning a certain skill. Nor it is just about learning how to create prettier combination of words. Reading is the best form of communication ___21___ is in a higher rank than more conversation. Many successful people ___22___（share）the same kind of wisdom so far that if you want to become a kind of person you should try your best to spend time with this kind of people. If you want to become ___23___ with good manners, you should try to make friends with people who have good manners. If you want to become someone knowledgeable, you should try to stay in touch with ___24___（learn）people. If you want to become someone successful, you surely should communicate with those ___25___ are actually successful. But unfortunately, outstanding people are usually far away from us. If you yourself are not outstanding enough, it's almost impossible for you ____26___（reach）them. And this is what reading is for.A book is the picture of a great mind. Through reading you ___27___ communicate with those great minds. And this kind of communication is beyond time and space. Reading can bring you ___28___ ______ the cage of your daily life. It shows you new opportunities that you've never seen. For a lot of people, this may be the only method to change their lives. ___29___ ______ ______ busy you are, don't forget to spare some time to do it. If you don't find yourself time to read, you'll eventually find ___30___ without any time to live the life that you want to live.Section BDirection: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note thatA good night’s sleep is of great importance for the learning and memory process. It’s important because it stores the training exercises and the learning exercises into our more ___31___ memory while we’re sleeping 7-8 hours in bed. And then the next morning when you wake up your mind is better prepared to act on that information.But what about getting rest during the middle of the day? Short ___32___ of sleep may help our brains work better, or so says a recent study on napping. Taking a nap may also help this group of people fight off ___33___ memory loss. Many Americans do nap. But one-third of all adults in the United States are also chronically tired, notes the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It found that 50 million to 70 million Americans have chronic sleep ___34___. So, someone who naps as a way of paying off a sleep debt may not experience the same ___35___ from napping as a healthy, well-rested person would. Also, many people may not want to admit that they take a nap. They may think that napping shows they are weak or lack energy. That only kids, the very old, sick or lazy people nap is not an ___36___ opinion.In fact, Americans sometimes do a very strange thing. Some brag about how few hours of sleep they need each night. Health experts ___37___ that adults get seven to eight hours of sleep each night. People who claim they only sleep five hours a night may think they are somehow stronger than the ___38___ human-superhuman, if you will.However, that may be changing. Many offices now offer napping rooms and napping cafes are ___39___ in many U.S. cities, including Washington, D.C. While resting in the middle of the work day may seem like a ___40___ to Americans, napping is very much part of a normal, everyday life in other parts of the world.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.It’s amazing how little we have developed in many respects. We may speak without respect of the poor old Romans because they ___41___ the craziness of slaughter（杀戳）that went on in their playing fields. We may ___42___ them because they lived 2000 years ago and obviously knew no better. Why do boxing matches, for instance, attract such ___43___ interest? Human beings remain as blood-thirsty as ever they were. The only difference between ourselves and the Romans is that while they were ___44___ enough to admit that they enjoyed watching hungry lions tearing people apart and eating them alive, we find all sorts of sophisticated arguments to ___45___ sports which should have been banned long ageIt really is ___46___ that in this day and age we should still allow hunting or bull-fighting, that we should be prepared to sit back and watch two men strike violently and repeatedly each other to be badly injured in a boxing ring, that we should be relatively unmoved by the sight of one or a number of racing cars crashing and ___47___ into flames. Let us not deceive ourselves. Any talk of ‘the sporting spirit’ is not true. People take part in violent sports because of the high ___48___ they bring. Millions of people are disappointed if a big fight is over in two rounds instead of fifteen. They feel disappointment because they have been ___49___ of the extreme pleasure of witnessing long-lasting torture and violence.Why should we ban violent sports if people enjoy them so much? You may well ask. The answer is simple: they are ___50___. For centuries man has been trying to improve himself spiritually and emotionally. But at least we no longer ___51___ the sight that mad men were shut up in cages, which were ___52___ in the past. Prisons are no longer the forbidding places they used to be. Social welfare systems are in operation in many parts of the world. Big efforts are being made to ___53___ wealth fairly. These changes have come about not because human beings have suddenly and unaccountably improved, but because positive steps were taken to ___54___ the law. If we banned dangerous and violent sports, we would be moving one step further to ___55___ mankind. We would recognize that violence is harmful to the mind or morals.41.A. hated B.enjoyed C.praised D.adopted42.A. brag B.beg C.struggle D.forgive43.A. universal B.local C.foreign D.overseas44.A. rude B.special C.honest D.strange45.A. fight B.protect C.protest D.defend46.A. incredible B.incomplete C.inactive D.impossible47.A. breaking B.tearing C.testing D.bursting48.A. prizes B.rewards C.favors D.efforts49.A. deleted B.left C.deprived D.crashed50.A. unstable B.unpaid C.uncivilized D.unsatisfactory51.A. tolerate B.punish C.settle D.discuss52.A. common B.popular C.fashionable D.obvious53.A. disappear B.contribute C.attribute D.distribute54.A. spoil B.change C.modify D.polish55.A. searching B.seeking C.improving D.emergingSection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）Kids should be allowed to learn to judge their own work. A kid learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time: if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people’s. In the same way, kids learn to do all the other things: they learn to do without being taught to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle, compare their own performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a kid a change to find out his mistakes and correct them for himself. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Let him work out, with the help of other kids if he wants it, what this word says, what the answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.If it is a matter of right answer, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the kid when he tells us that he can’t find the way to get the right answer. Let the kids learn what all educated persons must learn, how to measure their own understanding, and how to know what they know or do not know.56.The passage suggests that learning to speak and learning to ride a bicycle are ___.A.different from learning other skillsB.the same as learning skillsC.more important than other skillsD.not really important skills57.According to the passage, the best way for kids to learn things is by _____.A.listening to skilled people’s adviceB.asking older people many questionsC.making mistakes and having them correctedD.doing what other people do58.Which of the following does the writer think teachers should not do?A.Give kids correct answers.B. Allow kids to make mistakes.C.Point out kids’ mistakes to them.D.Let kids mark their own work.59.According to the writer, teachers in school should ___.A.point out kids’ mistakes whenever foundB.allow kids to learn from each otherC.give kids more book knowledgeD.always correct kids’ mistakes（B）HOW YOUR MONEY HELPSMembership activities made a contribution of over £ 3 million to the Museum last year. Your support plays a vital role, thank you. Join now!In 2015 Members responded to an appeal to acquire the Stoney Waterloo Album. Through their extraordinary generosity, and that of the American Friends of the British Museum, the Museum secured this historic album in the 200th anniversary year of the Battle of Waterloo.Visit Designed by Sir Robert Smirke and completed in 1857, the Grade 1 listed Bloomsbury building requires frequent and paintaking work to maintain it. For much of the past year regular work has been undertaken to the main portico(门廊) as part of ongoing, vital repairs to the stonemasonry(石雕).The British Museum is a museum of the citizen ---its collection is for the whole of the UK. Last yar 3 million visitors saw British Museum objects on display in museums and galleries across the UK. The Sikh fortress turban tour has been the most popular, reaching over 250,000 visitors and nine museums across the country.Visit citizen.britishmuseum. org to learn more.One of the most ambit ions buildings developments in the British Museum’s history--- the World Conservation and Exhibitions Centre—was completed with the support of our Members. The building in the northwest corner of the Museum site houses new state-of-the-art conservation and science laboratories, new storage facilities, a loans hub, and the Sainsbury Exhibitions Gallery.Visit buildings. The Portable Antiquities Scheme(PAS), managed by the British Museum, recently announced the discovery of a significant Viking store of valuables in Oxfordshire. The PAS offers the only mechanism for recording such finds, which are made publicly available on its online database at .60.According to the passage, you can infer that _______.A.this is an introduction to the British MuseumB.this is a page from a science magazineC.this is a page from the homepage of the British MuseumD.this is an advertisement on a page of the British Museum61.If you want to know more about the museum of the citizen, you can visit _____.B.citizen. @D.buildings. 62.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A.The Battle of Waterloo happened in the year 1915.B.Three million visitors saw British Museum objects on display in museum in 2015.C.The Grade Ⅰ listed Bloomsbury building can be visited in Oxfordshire.D.Membership activities push forward the development of the British Museum.（C）Living in the U.S.A today is to gain an appreciation for Dahrendorf’s words there are social changes everywhere. Technology, the application of knowledge for practical ends, is a major source of social change.Yet we would do well to remind ourselves that technology is a human creation; it does not exist naturally. A spear （矛）or a robot is as much a cultural as a physical object. Until humans use a spear to hunt game or a robot to produce machine parts, neither is much more than a solid mass of matter. For a bird looking for an object on which to rest, a spear or robot serves the purpose equally well. The explosion of the Challenger space shuttle and the Russian nuclear accident at Chernobyl drive home the human quality of technology; they provide cases in which well-planned systems suddenly went wrong and there was no ready hand to set them right. Since technology is a human creation, we are responsible for what is done with it. Pessimists（悲观主义者）worry that we will use our technology eventually to blow our world and ourselves to pieces. But they have been saying this for decades, and so far we have managed to survive and even flourish. Whether we will continue to do so in the years ahead remains uncertain. Clearly, the impact of technology on our lives deserves a closer examination.Few technological developments have had a greater impact on our lives than the computer revolution. Scientists and engineers have designed specialized machines that can do the tasks that once only people could do. There are those who say that the switch to an information-based economy is in the same camp as other great historicalmilestones, particularly the Industrial Revolution. Yet when we ask why the Industrial Revolution was a revolution, we find that it was not the machines. The primary reason why it was a revolutionary is that it led to great social change. It gave rise to mass production and, through mass production, to a society in which wealth was not confined to the few.In somewhat similar fashion computers promise to revolutionize the structure of American life, particularly as they free the human mind and open new possibilities in knowledge and communication. The Industrial Revolution supplemented and replaced the muscles of humans and animals by mechanical methods. The computer extends this development to supplement and replace some aspects of the mind of human beings by electronic methods. It is the capacity of the computer for solving problems and making decisions that represents its greatest potential and that poses the greatest difficulties in predicting the impact on society.63.A spear or a robot has the quality of technology only when it ____.A.is severed both as a cultural and a physical objectB.has different purposesC.is useful to both man and animalsD.is made use of by human beings64.The examples of the Challenger and Chernobyl show that ____.A.technology can be used to destroy our earth if it is not controlled by manB.technology belongs to man, so we should be responsible for itC.technology is likely to be wrong because it is a human creationD.technology never goes wrong unless it is used by man65.According to the author, why the introduction of the computer is a revolution is that _____.A.the computer has made the human mind smarter than beforeB.the computer can finish the work that could only be done by people beforeC.the computer has greatly affected society potentiallyD.the computer has brought human beings an information technology66.By using the phrase“the human quality of technology”in Para.2, the author refers to the fact that technology____.A.has affected the human life greatlyB.can replace some ways of human beingsC.has various qualities which human beings do not haveD.has some characteristics which human beings haveSection CDirections：Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentenceLego recently announced that they will start producing pieces from sustainable sugar cane. The toys, which will be indistinguishable from classic Legos, will also feature botanical elements like levels, bushes, and trees. ___67___ “We want to make a positive impact on the world around us, and are working hard to make great play products for children using sustainable materials,”said Tim Brooks, vice president, environmental responsibility at the Lego Group, in a statement.“This is a great first step in our ambitious commitment of making all Lego bricks using sustainable materials.”___68___ It is a soft, durable and flexible plastic—technically identical to those produced using conventional plastic. Lego says that we needn’t worry about the quality of the new products, as they’ve tested the plant-based plastic to ensure that it meets the high standards for quality and safety that consumers except from the company. ___69___ Children and parents will not notice any difference in the quality or appearance of the new elements, because plant-based polyethylene has the same properties as conventional polyethylene.The move is part of Lego’s campaign to use sustainable materials in its core products and packaging by 2030, a move in which they have already invested $165 million. According to a research report, 4% of the world’s petroleum is used as a raw material to make plastic, and another 4% is used in the plastic-making process. ___70___ With this in mind, Lego has partnered with WWF to play their part, joining the Bioplastic Feedstock Alliance（BFA），which supports the responsible development of plastics made from plant material.The LEGO Group’s decision to pursue sustainably sourced bio-based plastics represents an incredible opportunity to reduce dependence on limited resources, and their work with the Bioplastic Feedstock Alliance will allow them to connect with other companies to continue to think creatively about sustainability.Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Why Starbucks In China Is So ExpensiveChina’s national television network CCTV recently launched another of its campaigns against yet another foreign brand that has become hugely popular in China: Starbucks. The report intended to spark something about the Starbucks Pricing Controversy and compared the price of a latte at Starbucks in China with those in other countries around the world, the Price of a 354ml Medium Cup Latte—27 yuan RMB at a Starbucks in Beijing; 24.25 yuan RMB at a Starbucks in London, UK; 19.98yuan RMB at a Starbucks in Chicago, USA; 14.6 yuan RMB at a Starbucks in Bombay, India.The report basically was true: Starbucks in China is more expensive than pretty much anywhere else in the world. But it completely missed the point: Regarding the cost structure, as others have pointed out, they have a high cost model for producing coffee beverages and other products. Principally, they are often located in high rent areas, and are optimized（使…最优化）for service quality rather than cost-efficiency. Regarding how they are able to charge such high prices, it’s largely a product of branding and convenience.In china, Starbucks, and many other ca fé chains like them, don’t just sell caffeinated beverages, they provide a luxury service for middle and upper class consumers; they sell class consciousness, status. The fact that they are expensive is one of their biggest selling points. It is a well kno wn fact that Starbucks is expensive, and this isn’t a commercially inhibiting factor, it’s one of the chain’s best marketing strategies. Starbucks doesn’t just sell coffee in China, but sells status. It’s the same rule for just about every other company ma rketing its good and services towards China’s money classes: luxury items in China are far more expensive than in the West for no other reason than the fact that this country has a rather large, new rich consumer class which desires the status symbols to separate themselves from the masses.Ⅴ. TranslationDirections：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.所有成功人士都知道每一分钟都很重要。

2018-2019学年上海市建平中学高一上学期英语期末测试卷一、单项选择1. --Mike, did you see Mr. Chapman in the office just now?-- Yes, he ________, and he looked a little bit nervous.A. had been interviewedB. interviewedC. was being interviewedD. was interviewed【答案】C2. Babies given more love and affection by their mothers ________ deal better with stress and anxiety when they grow up.A. needB. mustC. shallD. may【答案】D3. The qualities and limitations of the products are explained in simple and truthful language ________ consumers can know their effect and make a right choice.A. as long asB. so thatC. in caseD. provided 【答案】B4. It was his consistent excellence over a period of 90 minutes ________ separated Luka Modric from all the contestants.A. whereB. whenC. thatD. which【答案】C5. ________ Cousteau said, “For most of the history, man has had to fight nature to survive; in this century he is beginning to realize that, in order to survive, he must protect it.”A. AsB. WhatC. WhichD. When【答案】A6. Ninety-seven percent of the world’s population knows something about Mickey Mouse, ________ it be through the things they have bought, or the attractions they have visited.A. no matterB. whetherC. provided thatD. however【答案】B二、语法填空How to Be a WinnerSteven Redgrave---Winner of 5 Olympic Gold Medals“In 2012 I was found to have developed lung disease. Believing my career was over, I felt extremely low. Then one of the specialists said there was no reason why I should stop training and competing. That was it---the encouragement I needed. I could still be a winner (1)_____ _____ _____ I believed in myself. I am not saying that it isn't difficult sometimes. But I wanted to prove to myself that (2)_______ wasn't finished yet. Nothing is to stan d in my way.”Karen Pickering---Swimming World Champion"I swim 4 hours a day, 6 days a week. I manage that sort of workload by putting it on top of my diary. This is the key to success--you (3) _______ not follow a career in any field without being well-organized. List what you believe you can achieve. Trust yourself, write down your goals for the day, (4) _______ small they are, and you'll be a step closer to achieving them."Kirsten Best---Poet & Writer"When things are getting hard, a voice inside my head tells me that I can't achieve something. Then, there are other distractions, such as family or hobbies. The key is to concentrate. When I feel tense, (5)_____ helps a lot to repeat words such as 'calm', 'peace' or 'focus', either out loud or silently in my mind. It makes me (6) _____ (feel) more in control and increases my confidence. This is a habit that can become second nature quite easily and is a powerful psychological (心理的) tool."【答案】1.as long as 2. I 3.can 4. however 5.it 6. feel三、选词填空A. depressedB. influenceC. preferencesD. distinguishE. exposureF. appliesG. concernedH. meansI. remainsAdvertising to children is widely regarded as ethically problematic.Young children cannot (1)__D___ between advertising and editorial or entertainment content; and older children, even if they rationally understand the selling intent behind advertising, are often still subject to its emotional and unconscious (2) __B___.Therefore, as the WHO has repeatedly stress ed since 2010, children’s overall (3)__E___ to junk food marketing needs to be reduced, wherever it’s encounter ed. And now, as the broadcast era is dominate d by social media, people are becoming ever more (4)__G___ that advertising junk food to children is not healthy-- and not ethical.Social media platforms hold vast data banks on all their users, offering advertisers detailed menus of options for targeting ads. They do so not only with basic demographics(人口统计资料)such as age or location, but even psychological characteristics and (5)__C___, increasing all consumers’ susceptibility(敏感性)to advertising.Yet the very (6)__H___ of targeting children with ads in social media now provides regulators with an opportunity. Ireland’s Department of Health adopt ed a new code of practice banning food-related advertisements targeting children under the age of 15.It (7) __I___ to be seen how this provision(规定，条款) will apply. It is only voluntary, and there is uncertainty about the accuracy of age information on social media. However, this is a significant advance on recent online junk food marketing restrictions, as it (8) ___F__ to all social media.【答案】1.D 2. B 3. E 4. G 5. C 6. H 7. I 8. F四、完形填空Some people have extraordinary memories, though, have trouble at times remembering where they put their door keys or (1)_____ the names of people they’ve recently met for the first time.The process by which we store and retrieve(检索，恢复)information in our brains has been the focus of scientific research for many years. The brain is a highly (2) _____ organ that is not fully understood, and theories about how it works remain a topic of debate. It is generally agreed that one area of the brain known as the hippocampus(海马体) --- (3) _____ the Latin word for “seahorse” because of its curved (4) _____ ---is important in the process of recalling information.When we experience something, the information is sent via our senses to the hippocampus, where it is process ed.The process of (5) _____ memories is thought to involve three main steps. Scientists believe that brain cells called neurons first (6) _____ the sensory stimuli(感官刺激) we experience into images in our immediate memory. Then, these images are sent to the hippocampus and stored (7) _____ in short-term memory. In the hippocampus, information is organized, and it is during this process that parts of the image of our experience (8) _____. Finally, certain information is transfer red to long-term memory in a section in the brain. Scientists think, this process may happen while we are sleeping, but exactly how the information is transferred is still a (9)_____.Although memory function is difficult to understand, memory loss is something that many people experience and worry about as they age. In the past, neuroscientists believed that age-related memory loss was (10) _____ with total numbers of brain cells. The theory was that the brain contained a limited number of neurons, and as we got older, we used up our (11) _____ of available cells, may take place throughout a lifetime. (12) _____, there is now evidence that damage to the hippocampus may play an important role in memory loss. While patients who have suffered damage to this area of the brain can still recall memories stored before the brain was damaged, they are (13) _____to remember new facts.In fact, the power to retrieve information can be influenced by food and sleep. Vitamin E is, (14) _____, able to break down chemicals that are thought to damage brain cells, so eating foods containing vitamin E is one way of reducing age-related memory loss. Research on short-term memory indicates that getting a good night’s sleep can also help one to (15) _____things more clearly.1. A.recalling B. discovering C. revealing D. identifying2. A. sensitive B. important C. valuable D. complex3. A. named after B. based on C. influenced by D. replaced with4. A.style B. path C. shape D. line5. A. recovering B. storing C. creating D. tracking6. A.introduce B. change C. make D. divide7. A. regularly B. temporarily C. safely D. permanently8. A. take shape B. stand out C. come alive D. fade away9. A. mystery B. research C. trend D. legend10. A. impressed B. equipped C. associated D. faced11. A. stock B. number C. supply D. variety12. A. However B. In addition C. Therefore D. By contrast13. A. sure B. afraid C. unwilling D. unable14. A. on the contrary B. as a result C. for example D. after all15. A.average B. recollect C. reflect D. explain【答案】1-5：ADBCB 6-10：BBAAC 11-15：CADCB➢recollect回想起五、阅读理解(A)He’s an old cobbler(修鞋匠) with a shop in the Marais, a historic area in Paris. When I took him my shoes, he at first told me,“I haven’t time. Take them to the other fellow on the main street. He’ll fix them for you right away.”But I had my eyes on his shop for a long time. Just looking at his bench loaded with tools and pieces of leather, I knew he was a skilled craftsman(手艺人).“No.”I replied ,“The other fellow can’t do it well.”“The other fellow” was one of those shopkeepers who fix shoes and make keys —without knowing much about mend ing shoes or making keys. They work carelessly, and when they have finished sewing back a sandal strap(鞋带), you might as well just throw away the pair.My man saw I wouldn’t give in, and he smiled. He wiped hands on his blue apron(围裙),looked at my shoes, had me write my name on one shoe with a piece of chalk and said ,“Come back in a week.”I was about to leave when he took a pair of soft leather boots off a shelf.“See what I can do?” he said with pride, “Only three of us in Paris can do this kind of work.”When I got back out into the street, the world seemed brand-new to me. He was something out of an ancient legend, this old craftsman with his way of speaking familiarly, his very strange dusty felt hat, his funny accent and his pride in his craft.These are times when nothing is important but the bottom line, when you can do things any old way as long as it “pays”, when, in short, people look on work as a path to ever-increasing consumption rather than a way to realize their abilities. In such a period it is a rare comfort to find a cobbler who gets his greatest satisfaction from pride in a job well done.1. Which of the following is true about the old cobbler?A．He was equipped with the best repairing tools.B．He was the only cobbler in the Marais.C．He was proud of his skills.D．He was a native Parisian.2. The sentence “He was something out of an ancient legend.” (Paragraph 7) implies that .”A．nowadays you can hardly find anyone like himB．it was difficult to communicate with this manC．the man was very strangeD．the man was too old3. According to the author, many people work just to_______.A．realize their abilities B．gain happinessC．make money D．gain respect4. This story wants to tell us that_______.A．craftsmen make a lot of money B．whatever you do, do it well C．craftsmen need self-respect D．people are born equal【答案】CACB(B)Have you ever noticed that lessons tend to repeat themselves? Does it seem as if you married or dated the same person several times in different bodies with different names? Have you run into the same type of boss over and over again? If you don't deal well with authority figures at home, then you will have an opportunity to deal with them out in the world. You will continually draw into your life people who need to enforce authority, and you will struggle with them until you learn the lesson of obedience.You will continually attract the same lesson into your life. You will also draw toyou teachers to teach you that lesson until you get it right. You may try to avoid the situation, but they will eventually catch up with you. The only way you can free yourself of difficult patterns and issues you tend to repeat is by shifting your perspective so that you can recognize the patterns and learn the lessons that they offer. To face these challenges means you need to accept the fact that something within you keeps drawing you to the same kind of person or issue ,though that situation or relationship may be very painful.The challenge, therefore, is to identify and release the patterns that you are repeating. This is no easy task, since it means you have to change, and change is not always easy. Staying just as you are may not help you advance spiritually, but it certainly is comfortable in its familiarity.Rising to the challenge of identifying and releasing your patterns forces you to admit that the way you have been doing thing isn't working. The good news is that by identifying and releasing the pattern, you actually learn how to change. In order to facilitate(促进，使更容易) you process of change, you will need to learn the lessons of willingness and patience. Once you master these, you will most likely find the challenge of identifying and releasing your patterns far less intimidating.(令人惊恐的)1. The underlined sentence “lessons tend to repeat themselves” probably means that _____.A. You tend to marry and date the same person.B. There are the same authority figures home and abroad.C. You tend to run into the same problems in your life.D. There are many difficult patterns and issues in your life.2. Which of the following is TRUE about the idea of staying just as you are?A. Comfortable but discouragingB. Natural but painfulC. Disturbing but easyD. Challenging but practical3. What can be inferred from the passage?A. The challenge is difficult unless you admit old behaviors hinder your development.B. It is your inner desire that decides your success in making a change in your life.C. You are likely to avoid repeated patterns and issues when you know how to obey.D. If determined to change, you absolutely can but at the cost of some sacrifices.4. What is the writer probably going to talk about in the next paragraph?A. The way to recognize the patterns and learn the lessons that they offer.B. The kind of person that you are willing to change into.C. The role that patience plays in creating a change within yourself.D. The importance of facing the challenge bravely to make your change easier.【答案】CABC六、翻译1．人们认为无土种植的蔬菜更加有益于我们的健康。

2019-2020学年上海市建平中学高三英语上学期期末考试试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ATwitter humorist and TV writer Jonny Sun is the author of the 2017 best-sellereveryone'sa aliebn when ur a aliebn too. This time, he recommends some emotionally powerful books.The Book of Delightsby Ross Gay(2019)Gay's collection of 102 short but emotional stories, begun in mid-2016 and written in the order of time over a year in America, focuses on the careful observation of ordinary delights in daily life. The writing is personal and grounded in thoughtful joy.100 Essays I Don't Have Time to Writeby Sarah Ruhl(2014)Seemingly a collection of essays on theater, Ruhl's book feels instead like the playwright's thoughts all of life. Her writing here is deeply personal, sharply argued but also playful. The book is actually a detailed description of the artist herself.They Can't Kill Us Until They Kill Usby Hanif Abdurraqib(2017)I am always so moved by Abdurraqib's writing. He combines cultural criticism and personal memory in such a beautiful way, making the two styles naturally bound.Space Struckby Paige Lewis(2019 )This poetry collection awakened emotions in me that I did not know existed, or that I could feel, or that one could ever put words to. Every line is playful, honest, complex, and gentle.If you want to get more books, you can click here:Try more books1. Which book is a collection of short stories of daily happiness?A. The Book of Delights.B. 100 Essays I Don't Have Time to Write.C. They Can't Kill Us Until They Kill Us.D. Space Struck.2. Who is probably a poet?A. Ross Gay.B. Sarah Ruhl.C. Hanif Abduraqib.D. Paige Lewis.3. Where is the text most likely from?A. A diary.B. A brochure.C. A website.D. A magazine.BAn afternoon nap(午睡)is one of the joys of life, although too much napping could signal all is not well. In some cultures, people will have a daily nap — thisis fine. The warning comes when people start sleeping during the daytime, when they did not before. There is certainly a good reason to believe that daytime sleepiness — as in the Alzheimer's study — can be a marker of an underlying condition.For most people, napping during the day is mainly a sign that you are not getting enough sleep at night, says Dr. Neil Stanley, a sleep expert. "If you feel sleepy during the day, you should think about taking a nap. That is what the body needs — it doesn't need to be kept awake with caffeine, it needs sleep. "The feeling to notice is "sleepiness", he says, not "tiredness", which could be more psychological and linked to stress.So how do you nap well? The key thing, says Stanley, is how long your nap lasts. Choose either a 20-or 90-minute nap. "When you fall asleep, you'll quickly go through the lighter stages of sleep into your first period of deep sleep. You don't want to wake up in deep sleep because that's when you wake and feel worse than you did before. "Napping for 20 minutes means you will wake up before you go into deep sleep; napping for 90 minutes means you'll complete a sleep cycle.Once you factor in the time it takes to fall asleep — some people are better at napping than others but, says Stanley, "a healthy adult will fall asleep in between 5 and 12 minutes" — you can set an alarm, allowing a 30- to 40-minute period for a short nap, and up to two hours for a longer one.A good time to nap is during the body's natural dip in the afternoon, between 2 pm and 4 pm. "You don't really want to be napping much pastthatbecause then you are going to be eating into your night-time sleep," Stanley says. The point, he stresses, is to get good night-time sleep, which would ensure you probably don't need to nap at all.4. What does an afternoon nap indicate for most people?A. Caffeine addiction.B. Psychological stress.C. Insufficient night sleep.D. Potential physical illness.5. What is the key to a good nap?A. Duration.B. Surroundings.C. Health.D. Stages.6. What does the underlined word "that" in the last paragraph refer to?A. A 30- to 40- minute period.B. Between 2 pm and 4 pm.C. Between 5 and 12 minutes.D. A 20- to 90-minute period.7. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Why to phase a napB. When to take a good napC. What to learn from a napD. How to have a successful napCAge has never been a problem for 16-year-old Thessalonika Arzu-Embry. After all, she’s already got her master’s degree.The North Chicago-area teen started homeschooling at the age of 4. She began having an influence on others soon after. When she was 6 years old, she was an inspirational speaker at an organization called Tabitha House Community Service, which is for people who were forced to leave their homes because of earthquake, flood and other natural disasters.At the age of 11, she graduated from high school and then earned her bachelor’s degree in psychology in 2013. She completed those classes online as she was traveling for church events and leadership meetings.She doesn’t stop there, though. The teen plans to focus on aviation psychology (航空心理学) for her further study, a decision inspired by her father who is a pilot. She grew up around airplanes and took fights all the time. Her goal is to use it to help pilots deal with problems that could have deadly results once the plane takes off — a topic that has been in the news lately. For her, it’s a mix of two of her interests.In her free time, Thessalonika enjoys playing tennis, swimming and being active in her youth group at church. She also has three self-published books, which are on her site. Jump the Education Barrier is written to help students finish college, and in the future aims to help business owners with trends. Her third book The Genius Race is designed to help people to be talents in various areas of life.8. Which of the following is TRUE about Thessalonika?A. When she was 6 years old, she started homeschooling.B. She gained her master’s degree at the age of 11.C. She majored in science and technology.D. In 2013 she got her bachelor’s degree through completing courses online.9. What is her next plan according to the passage?A. Major in aviation psychology.B. Deliver inspiring speeches for church events and leadership meetings.C. Be active in her youth group at church.D. Write another book to help people to be talents.10. Why does she write the book Jump the Education Barrier?A. It aims to help people to be geniuses.B. It is intended to give students a hand to complete college.C. It is designed to arouse people’s awareness of psychology.D. The author hope to share her own experience with others.11. Which ofthe following can be the best title for the text?A. The Story of ThessalonikaB. To be a talentC. Three Published BooksD. HomeschoolingDScientists often compare coral reefs(珊瑚礁) to underwater rainforests, yet unlike the leafy plant base of a forest, corals are animals. The soft creatures are naturally half-transparent and get their brilliant color1 from algae(藻类) living inside them. When corals experience stress from hot temperatures or pollution, theyhaltthe interdependent relationship with algae, typically pushing them out and turning white. Corals are still alive when they are white, but they're at risk and many eventually die, turning dark brown.Scientists around the world are looking for means to protect and maybe increase corals. One common option is to create more protected areas — essentially national parks in the ocean. Beyond nature preserves, some conservationists are looking to more hands-on methods. One research center in the Florida Keys is exploring a form of natural selection to keep corals remaining. The reef system in the Keys has been hit hard by climate change and pollution, which is especially tough, because corals there help support fisheries worth $ 100 million every year.To keep the wild ecosystem alive, Erinn Muller, the center's director, and her team are harvesting samples of the corals that survived the environmental stress naturally, keeping them to make them reproduce, and then reattaching them to the reef. They have 46,000 corals on plastic frames under the sea. So far, the center has regrown over 70,000 corals from five different species on damaged reefs.In The Bahamas, Ross Cunning, a research biologist at Chicago's Shedd Aquarium, focuses on corals with genes that could make them natural candidates for restoration projects. He published a study of two Bahamian reefs, one that survived an extreme 2015 heat wave, and one that didn't. "We think their ability to deal with these higher temperatures is built into their genes," says Cunning. There's evidence of corals evolving more quickly toresist rapidly warming climate. The big question scientists need investigate, adds Gunning, is how much more heat corals can adapt to.12. What does the underlined word "halt" in the first paragraph mean?A. End.B. Develop.C. Strengthen.D. Weaken.13. What do Muller and her team do to save corals?A. Restore the damaged reefs.B. Grow corals by hand underwater.C. Create more protected areas.D. Move corals to unpolluted areas.14. What do Gunning's words suggest?A. Many corals have been genetically improved.B. Cooling down the waters is key to rescuing corals.C. Reasons for corals surviving heat waves are shocking.D. The highest temperature corals can survive is unclear.15. Which can be a suitable title for the text?A. Relationship between corals and algaeB. Efforts made to save coralsC. Impact of climate warming on coralsD. Survival crisis faced by coral reefs第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019-2020学年上海市建平中学西校高三英语第一次联考试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AElectric Shocks Can Be FatalGovernment statistics recently showed that in theUK, more than 3,000 people a year experience electric shocks in their homes. A smaller number of people are killed after they touch the power lines outside their homes. Electric shocks can cause a person's heart or breath to stop and are potentially fatal. It is essential for people to learn basic techniques to deal with such emergencies.What to do?● If you are the first person to reach someone who has an electric shock, don't touch him or her!● If the victim is still holding the appliance that gives him or her the shock (e.g. a hair dryer), unplug it or turn off the power at its source.Under no circumstances can you try to move the appliance with your hands!● Ifyou can't turn off the power, use a piece of wood, like a broom handle or a chair, to separate the victim from the appliance or the power source. You may even be able to do this with a folded newspaper.● The victim must remain lying down. If he or she isunconscious, the victim should be placed on his or her side. But he or she should not be moved if there is a possibility of neck or spine injuries unless it is ly necessary.● It is essential to maintain the victim's body heat, so make sure you cover him or her with a blanket before you do anything else. If the victim is not breathing, apply mouth-to-mouth resuscitation (人工呼吸). Keep the victim's head low until professional help arrives.● If the electric shock has been caused by an external power line, the dangers to the victim and to anybody providing first aid are much greater.1. What kind of passage is it?A. An advertisement.B. A horror story.C. A news report.D. First aid emergency advice.2. The underlined sentence implies that ________.A. you should move the applianceB. you should pick up the appliance and turn off the electricityC. it is very dangerous to touch the appliance with your handsD. it is unnecessary to unplug the appliance with your hands3. When a person has got an electric shock, you should ________.A. separate the victim from the appliance and let him sit upB. keep the victim warm and help him or her breathe againC. move the victim onto his or her side if he or she has got neck injuriesD. keep the victim's head high until professional help arrivesBDid you know that horses talk? Well, they do, and you can lean to understand “horse talk” if you pay close attention to the horses you see.When horses live in the wild, other animals try to eat them, so a lot of horse talk is about staying alive. Even now, when most horses live on farms, they watch for danger. For this reason, never walk behind a horse. If you surprise it, the horse might mistake you for a mountain lion or wolf and give a dangerous kick.By watching the ears of a horse, you can get clues to what it's hearing. A horse can tum each ear in a different direction. For a wild horse, this trick is important for survival. The horse can hear something sneaking up behind it while also checking out a threatening noise in front. When a horse lets its ears down, it's feeling safe and relaxed. If horses becomeisolated, they neigh, or “whinny,” calling for company. They're saying, “Where are you? I'm over here!” If a horse snorts(哼) while holding its head high and staring at something, it's saying, “That looks dangerous. Get ready to run!” When two horses meet, they put their noses together and smell each other's breath. It's their way of asking, “Are you a friend?” Horses nicker,too. Nickering is a quiet sort of sound. This friendly noise means they're feeling secure and saying, “Clad to see you.”In the wild, horses live in herds, with all members watching for danger. In a herd, only one horse is the leader, the “boss hoss”. The “boss hoss” is usually an older female. She watches for threats and teaches younger horses how to behave. However, others may want her job. When that happens, she pins her ears back against her head and may even bite or kick to get challengers to back off. She's using body language to say, “Hey, I'm in charge here!” All horses know that the one who makes others move is the leader. Horses relate to people that way, too.Horses have a language of their own. Now you know a bit of what they might be saying.4. What is the general idea of this passage?A. Horses can talk with their owners.B. You can know a bit of horses' language.C. Horses can “talk” in their own way.D. Other animals can also learn language.5. What does the underlined word “isolated” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Lonely.B. Glad.C. Sad.D. Frightened.6. What will a horse do when he wants to know whether another horse is a friend?A. He will let his ears down.B. He and another horse will put their noses together and smell each other's breath.C They both will hold their heads high and stare at something.D. He will give another horse a dangerous kick.7. How will the “boss hoss” deal with her challengers?A. By warning or fighting.B. By watching for threats.C. By teaching younger horses how to behave.D. By relating to people.CFollowing the Famous Silk RoadsThe Silk Roads were a networkof ancient trade routes that extended from East Asia all the way to theMediterranean. A key section of the Silk Roads is the Chang’an-Tianshan corridor（走廊）, whichstretchesover a distance of around 5,000 kilometres through China, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, covering a total of 8,700 kilometres of trade routes. The three countries jointly pursued an application for UNESCO World Heritage (遗产) status which contained detailed research on the 33 sites along the corridor. This made history as the first successful multinational World Heritage application.The starting point of the corridor and the entire Silk Roads network isXi’an, inShanxiProvince. Further west on the Silk Roads, the geography gradually changes from wild deserts to high, snow-capped mountains to vast grasslands as the routes pass through theTianshanMountainsand emerge in the valleys ofCentral Asia. Although the Chang’an-Tianshan corridor of the Silk Roads ends here, the network continues westwards until it reaches theMediterranean.The corridor began to develop in the 2nd century. Assigned by the emperor, the ambassador Zhang Qian journeyed from Chang’an toCentral Asia, seeking to build bridges between the Han Dynasty and the WesternRegions. Following Zhang’s efforts, trade routes took shape and relationships were strengthened between the major powers of the time, with the routes network reaching as far as theRoman Empire.Economic activities along the routes network were not limited to trade in silk. They contributed many other items to the marketplace of goods. The routes were busy with camels carrying loads of goods and businessmen selling everything imaginable.China’s exports included silk, porcelain, ironware and tea, while horses, jewellery, spices and grapes were all imported over vast distances from the West.In addition to trade exchange, the network served as a bridge for cultural exchange which shaped the evolution of science, art, technology and many other areas in societies along the network. Astronomy and mathematics were introduced toChinafromIndiaandArabia; important Chinese inventions such as papermaking and printing were brought to the West.All of these activities contributed to a great age of expansion as trade and cultural exchanges gave people access to new goods,knowledge and ideas. These routes connected Eastern and Western civilizations, which achieved a shared development. The addition of the Chang’an-Tianshan corridor to the UNESCO World Heritage List is a milestone in recognition of the Silk Roads as a crucial part of humanity’s common heritage.8. The key section of the Silk Roads is________.A. the MediterraneanB. Xi’an, inShanxiProvinceC.KazakhstanandKyrgyzstanD. the Chang’an-Tianshan corridor9. The underlined word “stretches” in Paragraph 1 is close in meaning to________.A. standsB. spreadsC. movesD. flies10. Zhang Qian travelled from Chang’an toCentral Asiato________.A. export silk, porcelain, ironware and teaB. purchase horses, jewellery, spices and grapesC. seek help from the most powerful western countriesD. build bridges between his country and other countries11. What was the role of the Silk Roads according to the passage?A. It helped to change the wild deserts to grasslands.B. It was recognized by the UNESCO asChina’s heritage.C. It speeded up the development of the countries involved.D. It started a trade competition between countries along the way.DEach year, the women of Olney and Liberal compete in an unusual footrace. Dressed in aprons (围裙) and headscarves, they wait at both towns’starting lines. Each woman holds a frying pan with one pancake inside. At the signal, the women flip (轻抛) pancakes and they’re off!This “pancake racing” tradition is said to have started on Shrove Tuesday, 1445, in Olney. Shrove Tuesday is the day beforethe Christian season of Lent (大斋戒) begins. During Lent, many people decide to give up sugary or fatty foods.Legend says that in 1445, an Olney woman was making pancakes to use up some of her sugar and cooking fats before Lent. She lost track of time and suddenly heard the church bells ring, signaling the beginning of the Shrove Tuesday service. Realizing that she was going to be late for church, she raced out the door still wearing her apron and headscarf and holding her frying pan with a pancake in it. In the following years, the woman’s neighbors imitated her dash to church, and pancake racing was born.The rules are simple. Racers must wear the traditional headscarf and apron. They must flip their pancakes twice - once before starting and once after crossing the finish line. After the race, there are Shrove Tuesday church services. Then Liberal and Olney connect through a video call to compare race times and declare a winner.In both towns, the races have grown into larger festivals. Olney’s festival is an all-day event starting with a big pancake breakfast. Liberal’s festival lasts four days and includes a parade, a talent show, and contests that feature eating and flipping pancakes. Although the women’s race is still the main event, both towns now hold additional races for boys and girls of all ages.12. How did pancake racing start?A. A woman in Olney created it.B. Women made pancakes before Lent.C. A woman dashed to church with a pancake.D. People followed the suit of an interesting incident.13. What should racers obey during the race?A. They can wear fashionable headscarves and aprons.B. They must flip their pancakes once in the race.C. They must flip their pancakes at the beginning of the race.D. They can flip their pancakes in the middle of the race.14. What can we learn about the race from the last paragraph?A. People can show their talent in Olney festival.B. People can enjoy a one-day holiday in Liberal.C. The race is not only intended for women now.D. People can have a big pancake breakfast in both towns.15. What is the text mainly about?A. The origin of pancake racing.B. The history of pancake racing.C. The development of pancake racing.D. The introduction to pancake racing.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

试卷编号：190112019年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语模拟试卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection AShort ConversationsII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill m the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Is This Art?Have you ever looked at a painting and thought “I could do better than that”？Have you everseen a film without any story or characters? Or heard a piece of music (21)________ doesn‟t quitesound like music? If you can answer “yes” to any of these questions, the chances are that (22) ________ you were looking at, watching or listening to was something “avant-garde”.One of the most famous examples of avant-garde art comes from the world of music. John Cage's piece of music 4,33n consists of 4 minutes and 33 seconds of silence. It was written by Cage, a leading American member of the avant-garde, in 1952. It was divided into three movements,(23) ________ (perform) without a single note being played. (24) ________the composer, the musicis a ctually the sounds the listener hears while “listening” to the performance. These might include, of course, listeners (25) ________ (ask) each other how they know when the piece ends.Cinema has always had avant-garde directors. Possibly the best known is Andy Warhol. (26) ________better known as a painter, between 1963 and 1968 Warhol made more than 60 films,nearly (27) ________of them experimental. One film, Eat, consists of a man eating a mushroom for 45minutes, while Sleep shows poet John Giomo sleeping for 6 hours. Empire is 8 hours long and onlyshows the Empire State Building as the sun (28) ________ (set) at dusk. Y ou could eat a lot of popcornin 8 hours.Some people love avant-garde art and some hate it. Some believe avant-garde artists aregeniuses, while others tend (29) ________ (think) they're pretentious. However, whether you love themor hate them, you will probably have to accept that these people are just no (30) ________ (passionate)about their art than Michaelangelo, Beethoven or Orson Welles were in their day.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.How sound and colour influence the taste of foodThe sound people hear while they are eating food can change the way they think it tastes, scientists have discovered. In fact, researchers have also found that changing the colour of a food can influence the flavour ____31____ by consumers. Food manufacturers are now hoping to ____32____the findings in an attempt to make their foods more appealingIt was ____33____ thought that the sense of taste and smell were the only human senses that played a role in experiencing flavour. Professor Charles Spence, a sensory psychologist at Oxford University, is a leading expert in his field. He believes that it is possible to change the flavor of food simply by exciting people's sense of hearing. For example, listening to waves hitting the sea shore can make ____34____ detect seafood flavours.Professor Spence has also discovered that ____35____ changing the colour of a food can influence the way it tastes. He found that by changing a drink from yellow to a deep red, it is possible to make it taste up to 12 per cent sweeter than it really is. He said: This colour has strong ___36_____ with very ripe fruit.‟Flavour is not just as simple as the way something tastes, as all the other senses come into ____37____ and some can dominate the way the brain will ____38____ a food. Ice cream activates a part of the brain which is just behind the eyes and is where emotions are ____39____ . By melting, it changes its physical ____40____ and creates contrasts that continually keep your senses interested.So next time you are in a restaurant or a supermarket, or just sitting down at home to eat something, think about whether your choices have been influenced by sound or colour. Y ou may be surprised!III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.An internet troll is someone who posts insulting comments in an online chat room, social-networking site or blog. Their aim is not to contribute to the discussion, but to ____41____people or make them angry.Sometimes the comments are fairly___42_____. For example, a troll might visit a website that is dedicated to fighting global warming and post a comment like 'Global warming is a mythmade up by second-rate scientists who just want to further their own careers.' Some visitors to the website might think that the opinion is genuine and start___43_____. This is exactly what the troll wants: tostart a fight.However, many trolls are far more dangerous and post comments that are deeply hurtful. In 2011,45-year-old Nicola Brookes left a message of support for a reality TV contestant on Facebook. The contestant had received hate mail on Facebook and, feeling_____44___ for the young man, Ms Brookes left a message on his Facebook page, saying simply: …Keep your chin up, Frankie, theyMl move on to someone else soon/ They did move on to someone else—Ms Brookes—within minutes. More than 100 cruel messages were left in just 24 hours, and a(n) ___45_____ Facebook page was set up in her name.Racist trolling probably has the highest profile cases. When Premier League footballer Fabrice Muamba collapsed on the field during a match in 2012, racist messages appeared on Twitter taking pleasure in his_____46___and laughing at him. ____47____, Muamba made a complete recovery. Theeffects of such attacks can be terrible, especially for people who are being targeted precisely because they admitted to a vulnerability (弱点)in the first place.So ____48____ do trolls post messages that cause such distress? Some of them are sad, lonely people with their own problems who___49_____ the attention their posts attract. They behave badly online because they feel_____50___ normal standards of polite and considerate behaviour. They are in a virtual world and do not have to face their victims. They say things that they would never dare to say ____51____. Finally, trolls believe that they can remain unknown and that no one will ever ____52____who they are.That is about to_____53___ , however. When Nicola Brookes first approached the police and made a complaint, they told her there was nothing they could do. So she contacted lawyers and began legal action to force Facebook to disclose the identities of the trolls who had been tormenting (折磨）her. She ____54____the case and is free to pursue private prosecutions(起诉) against thoseresponsible for tormenting her. With trolls facing ____55____ and possible prosecution in future, hopefully they will think twice before posting insulting messages.41. A. entertain B. locate C. upset D. welcome42. A. informative B. convincing C. harmless D. unfair43. A. laughing B. arguing C. proving D. applauding44. A. anxiety B. sympathy C. dissatisfaction D. hope45. A. appealing B. complex C. famous D. fake46. A. misfortune B. distress C. feeling D. violence47. A. Occasionally B. Strangely C. Generally D. Thankfully48. A. why B. how C. when D. where49. A. fear B. enjoy C. hold D. give50. A. liberated from B. curious about C. satisfied with D. dependent on51. A. for sure B. on stage C. in person D. withconfidence52. A. wonder B. discover C. say D. remember53. A. return B. happen C. collapse D.change54. A. lost B. filed C. won D. forgot55. A. competition B. wealth C. embarrassment D. exposureSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)After bouncing my rental car across several miles of red-dirt roads I walked for nearly another mile down the beach to a deserted valley. It was comforting to think that at the very least I was finally out of cell-phone range.However, even on Kauai, Hawaii‟s …Garden Island‟，complete escape wasn‟t all that easy to achieve. Noisy helicopters full of tourists flew overhead like so many dragonflies. Every 20 minutes or so the comforting sounds of wind and water were broken by the noise of a speeding tour boat racing to complete another lap around the island. Worst of all, not more than five minutes by car from the resort where I was staying, the Atomic Clock Internet Cafe signaled with promises of instant email.I felt uncomfortable every time I drove by the Atomic Clock Cafe. 1 am a technology reporter for an online magazine—my life is driven and dominated by email. I'm drowned in it, usually 400 or 500 messages a day. The main reason for my visit to Kauai was to unplug, disconnect, log off, and get away from it all. No cell phone, no electronic organiser, no laptop. And definitely, no email.Y es, my plan was to lie on the beach and not check my email. My friends and family were outraged as they could not understand how I could bear to live without email. But they didn't understand. In my job, I am online, permanently. Cyberspace is more familiar to me than my backyard. While I am awake, my email is always on. I don't like to be without it for too long. A few hours away from it, and I start to tremble. I am, however, no stranger to beaches and their relaxing qualities and so I knew, even when arriving well after dark at the comfortable cottage in the town of Waimea, that the island of Kauai gave me a good chance of beating my addiction to electronic devices.Maybe it was full moon lighting the black-sand beach not 10 metres from my door. Or the mango trees casting shadows across the veranda(阳台). Or the driftwood piled in loose heaps for as far as I could see along the shore. Without question, the long, slow sound of the waves rolling in calmed my restless soul, and I found I could, in fact, log off.56. Why did the writer come to Kauai?A. To get away from the modem technology.B. To work for the Atomic Clock Internet Cafe.C. To write reports on technological development.D. To find whether there is an alternative to email.57. What can we learn about the writer?A. He wrote articles about reasons around the world.B. He enjoyed beach activities like boat racing.C. He was eager to work in his backyard.D. He spent much time working online.58. The word “outraged”（paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to “__________”.A. relievedB. shockedC. amusedD. offended59. The writer described the scenery in the last paragraph in order to .A. argue against his friends‟ doubt of KauaiB. propose a possible destination of his tripC. highlight the beauty of the beach of KauaiD. show Kauai produced a relaxing atmosphere(B)Read the following two blogs and answer the questions that follow.Our buses drive me to distractionI‟ve had it up to here with buses! To be more precise, I am sick to death of the service offered by our local bus company and which dares to call itself Reliabus—a misnomer if ever there was one, since its exhaust-fume-coughing, atmosphere-choking buses are anything but reliable. Nine times out of ten they arrive late, and when they do eventually turn up, there's no guarantee you'll get on. I've lost count of the times I have watched as a full-to-bursting number 26—which I try to catch home from college---sails past the bus stop (another misnomer), leaving weary travellers like myself to wait for at least another 20 minutes until the next one comes along. Unless of course that‟s full as well, in which case we have to wait even longer. Why don‟t they lay on more buses!It annoys me to think that they are turning people away from travelling by public transport, encouraging them to use their cars and causing traffic jams in our already heavily congested town centre. I wrote them an email and gave them a piece of my mind If you're as fed up as I am, why not do the same? They might just sit up and take notice.Leave me alone!If there‟s one thing that gets on my nerves, it‟s people who keep trying to sell me things I don‟t want. It drives me mad when Tm in the middle of my dinner or watching a film and some smooth- talking idiot phones up and asks me if Tm interested in new kitchen units, a subscription to a book club or a superfast internet connection. No, I‟m not, thank you very much, and if I was, I‟d get in touch with you! I very nearly burnt the house down the other day answering one of theirridiculous calls. I forgot I‟d left something frying in the kitchen—just got back to the blackened remains in time.It‟s even worse outside of the home—sometimes you can‟t move for people handing out fliers in the street, advertising computer classes or urging you to buy this, that or the other. They push one into your face, and if you don‟t take it, they give you a nasty look and you can hear them swearing and muttering under their breath about you as you walk away. Not nice at all.60. Both the two blogs are meant to________.A. address a problemB. ask for sympathyC. make a complaintD. clarify a misunderstanding61. By “another misnomer”（paragraph 1)，the blogger actually means________.A. the bus seldom stops thereB. 20 minutes' wait is too longC. she is often too late to catch the busD. public transport is not a good choice62. What annoys the blogger according to the second blog?A. The bad quality of kitchen appliances.B. The endless phone calls to sell something.C. The terrible experiences of cooking for the family.D. The attitudes that her colleagues have towards her.(C)The goings-on in the consulting room have become more transparent(透明的）recently. Thankgoodness. We know more than the lines supplied by the movies in which the therapist knows all and gives wisdom to those who, sitting on a couch, consult with them. Therapists are interested in how the individual, the couple or the family experiences and understands their difficulties. That has to be a starting place. We can be of value if our first port of call is to listen, to gradually feel ourselves into the shoes of the other, to absorb the feelings that are being conveyed and to think and then to say some words.The thinking and talking that I do inside the consulting room is at odds with many features of ordinary conversation. Not that it is mysterious, but it isn't concerned with traditional ways of sharing or identifying. The therapist makes patterns and theorises, but they are also reflecting on the words that are spoken, how they are delivered and how the words, once spoken, affect the speaker and the therapist themselves.Words can give voice to previously unknown feelings and thoughts. That‟s why it‟s called the talking cure. But just as words reveal so, too, can they obscure, and this gets us to the listening and feeling part of the therapy. Whatever and however the words are delivered, they will have an impact on me as a therapist. I might feel hopeless, I might feel energised, I might feel pushed away, I might feel demanded of, I might feel pulled to find solutions.The influence of the other is what makes any relationship possible or impossible. A therapistis trained to reflect on how those who consult with them affect them. As I try to step into the shoes of the other and then out again, my effort is to hold both those experiences, plus an awareness of my ease or discomfort with what I encounter in the relationship.Feelings are the bread and butter of our work in the consulting room. They inform or modify our ideas and they enable us to find an emotional bridge to what can so hurt for the people we are working with. Along with the more commonly thought-about theories and ideas we have about the psyche, they are an essential part of the therapist^ toolkit, certainly for me. The talking cure means talking, yes. It also means the therapist is listening, thinking and feeling.63. In which way is the thinking and talking the writer does different from ordinary conversation?A. It may not be understood by patients.B. It is full of terms used by most therapists.C. It is a good reflection of traditional talking.D. It involves thinking about how people speak.64. The word t4obscureM (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to________.A. cancelB. clarifyC. confirmD. conceal65. Which of the following is the writer most likely to agree with?A. Patients' influence has been neglected by therapists for too long a time.B. Therapists need to think from their own perspectives as well as patients'.C. It is no easy job for therapists to realize how uncomfortable their patients are.D. Therapists had better push away those negative emotions acquired from patients.66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. A wareness of feelingsB. It‟s good to talk—and listenC. Theories that help therapistsD. What is the point of being a therapistSection CDirections: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentenceOne Dollar a Night in New Y orkWhen it comes to finding a place to stay for a night in New Y ork, things don't always comecheap. However, artist Miao Jiaxin, a Shanghai native who moved to New Y ork in 2006, is offeringpeople the chance to stay in his apartment in Brooklyn.______67__________.Guests can easily book Miao's room on the Internet. Nevertheless, although they will be housed in his apartment, it appears to have more in common with a jail cell than a regular bedroom as a cage in the center of the room is where guests will stay.__________68______________ Guests must stay m the cage for three hours each morning. ''From 9 a.m. to 12p.m., you can't access the Internet, and there are no electronic devices, books, radio, pens or craftwork. Y ou can't talk to anybody. Y ou can't do Y oga or any other exercises. And you can't even sleep, writes Miao. If you break any of those rules above, you will be fined 100 dollars.Meanwhile, the cage is monitored and recorded by two cameras and the activity of guests is filmed for the whole time they stay in the cell.________69________________They can enjoy great views of New Y ork on the roof deck outside the room.The room is inspired by the alienation(疏离感) Miao felt as a new immigrant—feelings hebelieves are universal. “It‟s not for fun. It‟s for an experience. ___________70_____________‟‟ said Miao.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.e-learning: Hazy past—better future?How much of an effect does technology have on students' learning? A signific ant one, it seems, according to experts. Currently available technologies, the most important of which are computers and the Internet, apparently provide a learning environment in which problem-solving and intellectual enquiry can flourish. The process of learning in the classroom may become significantly more effective as students can deal with information on the computer. Or so the theory goes. My own viewpoint is rather different, Tm afraid.Computers have been around for two decades as part of school equipment. There are, of course, obstacles like costs to overcome, but it's just a matter of time and effort. This is because schools have done what every organisation does when it sees an innovation--it applies the innovation to its existing model, which adds cost but doesn't transform the standard classroom. We have, during that period, spent over $60 billion on them, but in my view they seem to have had little or no effect on learning in schools. Content is king and the mode of delivery is irrelevant. If a teacher makes the subject matter interesting, it does not matter what, if any, equipment is used.However, change is on the horizon. I think student-centred learning will become the norm and transform education. Computers will pave the way for far more independent learning. Students who currently don't have access to schools or teachers are now able to get online. They can study from home thanks to the fact that more learning programmes are being written forlearners who are forced by their circumstances to be self-sufficient. This would prove especially beneficial in those areas of the world where quality education is limited or extremely expensive. Therefore, in a few years' time we could have a completely different conversation about technology and its impact on learning.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 最近你收到过汤姆的来信吗？（hear)73.没人知道他昨天缺席这个重要会议的原因。

2018-2019学年第一学期高三英语第一次月考试题第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

AIt was one of the hottest days of the dry season. We had not s een rain in almost a month. The crops were dying. Cows had stopped giving milk. If we didn’t see some rain soon we would lose everything.I was in the kitchen making lunch for my husband and his brot hers when I saw my six-year-old son, Billy, walking toward the woods. He was obviously w alking with a great effort. Minutes after he disappeared into th e woods, he came running out again, toward the house.Mome nts later, however, he was once again walking toward the woo ds. This activity went on for over an hour: walking cautiously t o the woods, then running back to the house. Finally, my curiosity got the best of me. I went out of the house and followed hi m on his journey.He was cupping both hands in front of him as he walked; b eing very careful not to spill the water he held in them. Branch es and thorns (荆棘) slapped his little face but he did not try to avoid them. As I leaned in to spy on him, I saw the most amazing site.Several large deer appeared threatening in front of him. But B illy walked right up to them. I almost screamed for him to get a way. And I saw a baby deer lying on the ground, obviously suf fering from heavy loss of water, lift its head with great effort to drink the water cupped in my beautiful boy's hand.I stood on the edge of the woods watching the most beautiful heart working so hard to save a life. As my tears began to hit t he ground, they were suddenly joined by other drops... and m ore drops... and more. I looked up at the sky. It was as if God, Himself, was weeping with pride.1.Why did the author follow her son?A. Because she was curiousB. Because her son was doing a good deed.C. Because there might be dangerD. Because she intended to help.2．Which of the following statements is Not True according to the passage?A. Rain was in great need.B. Billy carried water with his small handsC. There were few trees in the woods.D. Billy walked into the woods and then returned over and ove r again.3.What Billy did mainly showed that he was ________.A. beautifulB. caringC. childlikeD. braveBAs summer comes near, many children are really happy to for get about school for a few months. However, studies have fou nd that children typically forget between one and three month s’ worth of school learning during the summer months. Spellin g and math abilities suffer the most, while reading is not really influenced by the time off. The most probable reason for this i s that most children read at least occasionally outside of the cl assroom, whether newspapers, magazines, books, or video g ame guides. However, their math and spelling skills only get e xercised in the school setting.The original purpose of summer vacations was to let farm chil dren have time off to help work in the fields in the high growin g season, but this reason is no longer valid since fewer kids a ctually work on farms today. Some cities in the United States, such as Los Angeles, have moved to a year-round school calendar, which may help reduce the academic decline that occurs during the long summer vacation. Most citi es still use the normal nine and a half-month calendars. To improve skills and to maintain a good lev el of preparation, experts recommend trips to museums, sum mer camps, and visits to libraries to keep kids mentally active and interested throughout the summer.There are other educational systems that provide vacations w hile still keeping stu dents’ skills sharp(敏锐的). For example, in Japan students attend class for seven we eks continuously, followed by two weeks of vacation. This con tinues throughout the year. In Italy, students attend class six d ays per week, but finish at 1:30 PM each day, so that school d oes not dominate their life the way that it does in America. Educational specialists fear that the three-month summer vacation stops the continuity of learning. Just as students become accustomed to new concepts in reading, writing, or critical thinking skills, they “shut down” for an extended period. When they go back to school after the long summ er vacation, they take up to two months to return to their previ ous level of understanding. And so the debate continues: whe ther to continue the present vacations or to seek changes. 4. Spelling and math abilities suffer the most during the summ er months because children _____.A. take the summer vacation too seriouslyB. have to help work in the fieldsC. don’t like spelling and mathD. do little work of math or spelling5. What is one of the advantages of Japan and Italy’s educati onal systems?A. They offer vacations without affecting students’ skills.B. The students have more free time of their own to play.C. They provide students with shorter vacations every year.D. The students attend classes for longer time every week.6. What does the underlined phrase “shut down” in the last pa ragraph probably mean?A..Get sickB. Stop learningC. Go on vacation.D. Concentrate on their studies.7. What is the best title for the passage?A. How to Spend Summer Vacations.B. No More Summer Va cations.C. New Educational Systems NeededD. Summer Vacations: Change or NotCCharlton Heston was born in 1923 in Evanston, Illinois. Charlt on Heston discovered his interest in acting while performing in plays at his high school. He later spent two years studying th eater at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois. But he l eft college to join the Army Air Forces during World War Two. After the war, he found small roles in the theater as well as in television shows. His performance in a television version of th e book Jane Eyre caught the attention of the Hollywood produ cer Cecil B. De Mille who later asked Heston to play the role o f Moses in his movie The Ten Commandments which came o ut in 1956.This role made Heston famous and defined(明确) his career as a hero and leader. His face and body repres ented strength and heroism in many different roles. He played cowboys, soldiers and athletes.The 1959 movie Ben Hur made Charlton Heston an even bigg er star. Ben Hur won eleven Academy Awards, including Best Actor for Charlton Heston. Heston starred in many adventure movies during the 1960s. In the 1970s, Heston appeared in popular disaster movies like Earthquake, Skyjacked and Airport 1975.Charlton Heston was also very active in the movie industry. H e worked to help set up the American Film Institute. In 1977 h e was honored for his service in the industry. He received the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award from the Academy of Moti on Picture Arts and Sciences. In 1997 he was awarded a Ken nedy Center Honor. And, in 2003, President Bush gave Charlt on Heston a Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation’s high est civilian honor.In 2000, Charlton Heston issued a statemen t announcing that he had an Alz heimer’s disease. He died in 2 008 at his home in Beverly Hills, California.8.What kind of role did Charlton Heston often play in films?A.. SoldiersB. Cowboys.C. Heroes.D. Athletes.9.Which film won Best Actor for Charlton Heston?A. Jane Eyre.B. Ben HurC. EarthquakeD. The Ten Commandments.10.What can we learn about Charlton Heston according to the passage?A. He used to be a soldierB.He began to show his talent in Ben Hur.C. He was once awarded by Kennedy.D. He won eleven Academy Awards.11.What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2?A. How Charlton Heston became famous.B. Who made Charlton Heston win so many awardsC. Who made Charlton Heston a popular star.D. How Charlton Heston began his career.DA friend of mine named Paul received an expensive car from his brother as a Christmas present．On Christmas Eve when Paul came out of his office，a street urchin (顽童) was walking around the shining car．“Is this your car，Paul？” he asked．Paul answered，“Yes，my brother gave it to me for Christm as.” The boy was surprise d．“You mean your brother gave it to you and it did cost you nothing？Boy，I wish…” He hesitated．Of course Paul knew what he was going to wish for．He was going to wish he had a brother like that. But what the boy said surprised Paul greatly. “I wish,” the boy went on，“that I could be a brother like that.” Paul looked at the boy in s urprise, then he said again, “Would you like to take a ride in m y car？”“Oh yes，I'd love that．”After a short ride，the boy turned and with his eyes shining，said，“Paul，would you mind driving in front of my house？”Paul smiled a little．He thought he knew what the boy wanted ．He wanted to show his neighbors that he could ride home i n a big car. But Paul was wrong again. “Will you stop where th ose two steps are？”th e boy asked．He ran up to the steps. Then in a short while Paul heard him c oming back, but he was not coming fast. He was carrying his l ittle disabled brother. He sat him down on the step and pointe d to the car.“There she is, Buddy, just like I told you upstairs. His brother gave it to him for Christmas and it didn't cost him a cent. And some day I'm going to give you one just like it…then you can see for yourself all the nice things in the Christmas windows t hat I've been trying to tell you about.”Paul got out and lifted the boy to the front seat of his car. The shining-eyed older brother climbed in beside him and the three of the m began an unforgettable holiday ride.12.The street urchin was very surprised when ______．A. Paul received an expensive carB. he saw the shining carC. Paul told him about the carD. he was walking around the car13.The urchin asked Paul to stop his car in front of his house ______．A. to tell his brother about his wishB. to show he had a rich fri endC. to let his brother ride in the carD. to show his neighbour’s t he big car14.We can infer from the story that ______．A. Paul couldn't understand the urchinB. the urchin's wish ca me true in the endC. the urchin wished to have a rich brotherD. the urchin had a deep love for his brother15.The best name of the story is ______．A. A Christmas PresentB. A Brother Like ThatC. A Street UrchinD. An Unforgettable Holiday Ride第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

2018学年上海市浦东新区建平中学高三年级上学期开学考考试卷I. Listening Comprehension (略)II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20分)Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Have you ever been embarrassed because you forgot something important? What kinds of things do you have the most trouble (21)remembering (remember)?Mark began to introduce the guest speaker to the audience, but then paused in horror. He had forgotten her name.Barbara hid her jewelry when she went on vacation. When she came back, she couldn’t remember (22)where she’s put it.Perhaps you have had experiences like these. Most people have. And, what’s more, most people (23)have bowed (bow) to a life of forgetting. They are unaware of a simple but important fact: Memory can be developed. If you will just accept that fact, this book will show you (24)how it can be improved.First, relax. If you are overanxious about remembering something, you will forget it. Relaxing will enhance your awareness and ability to concentrate. You can’t remember anything (25)unless you can concentrate.Second, avoid being negative. If you keep telling (26)yourself that your memory is bad, your mind will come to believe it and you won’t remembers things. When you forget something, don’t say," Gee, I need to have my brain (27) rewired (rewire).” Instead, you need to take an active role.(28) Like your body, your memory can be strengthened strong exercised. Look for opportunities to exercise your memory. For example, if you are learning a language, try to actively remember irregular verbs.You may also want to make associations, or links, between (29)what you are trying to remember and things you already know. For example, if you need to catch a plane at 2:00 p.m., you can imagine a plane in your mind and notice that it has two wings. Two wings = 2:00. You are now ten times (30) less likely (likely) to remember the rake-off time.【答案】21. remembering 22. where 23. have bowed; 24. how; 25. unless;26. yourself; 27. rewired; 28. Like; 29. what; 30. more likely【解析】1.重难点词汇解析：（1）embarrass （vt.）使窘迫，使尴尬（2）overanxious （adj.）过于焦急的，过度操心的rewire （给）（v.）...再打/发电报，给...换新电线，重装电线（3）strengthen （v.）加/变强或变坚挺；巩固（4）irregular（n.adj.）不规则的/物，无规律的，非正规的，不合法的，不合规矩的产品（5）have trouble doing 做...有困难in horror 惊恐地bow to...向...鞠躬avoid doing 避免做...2.语篇整体分析：文章大意：这是一篇关于通过建立你所要记的内容与已经知道的知识相结合的方法之间的联系来增强记忆，避免尴尬的文章。

2019届高三英语综合练习卷0911第一卷Ⅱ.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:Read the following passage.Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word.For the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Have you ever been embarrassed because you forgot something important?What kinds of things do you havethe most trouble___21___（remember）?Mark began to introduce the guest speaker to the audience,but then paused in horror.He had forgotten her name.Barbara hid her jewelry when she went on vacation.When she came back,she couldn’t remember___22___ she’d put it.Perhaps you’ve had experiences like these.Most people have.And,what’s worse,most people___23___（bow）to a life of forgetting.They’re unaware of a simple but important fact:Memory can be developed.If you just acceptthat fact,this book will show you___24___it can be improved.First,relax.If you are overanxious about remembering something,you’ll forget it.Relaxing will enhance your awareness and ability to concentrate.Y ou can’t remember anything___25___you can concentrate.Second,avoid being negative.If you keep telling___26___that your memory is bad,your mind will come to believe it and you won’t remember things.When you forget something,don’t say,“Gee,I need to have my brain___27___（rewire）.”Instead,you need to take an active role.___28___your body,your memory can be strengthened through exercise.Look for opportunities to exerciseyour memory.For example,if you are learning a language,try to actively remember irregular verbs.Y ou may also want to make associations or links between___29___you are trying to remember and things you already know.For example,if you need to catch a plane at2:00p.m.,you can imagine a plane in your mind andnotice that it has two wings.Two wings=2:00.You are now ten times___30___（likely）to forget the take-off time.Section BDirections：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Notethat there is one word more than you need.A.dramaticallyB.adjustC.expandingD.infectionsE.limitF.fairlyG.listed H.upright I.concealing J.repeated K.financeIn the early1960s,Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association（NBA）___31___at over seven feet.If he had played last season,however,he would have been one of42.The bodiesplaying major professional sports have changed___32___over the years,and managers have been more than willingto___33___team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger,longer frames.However,the trend in sports may be___34___an unrecognized reality:Americans have generally stopped growing.Though typically about two inches taller now than140years ago,today's people—especially those bornto families who have lived in the U.S.for many generations—apparently reached their___35___in the early1960s.And they aren't likely to get any taller."In the general population today,at this genetic,environmental level,we'vepretty much gone as far as we can go,"says anthropologist of Wright State University.Growth,which rarely continues beyond the age of20,demands calories and nutrients—notably,protein—to feed___36___tissues.At the start of the20th century,under-nutrition and childhood___37___got in the way.Butas diet and health improved,children and adolescents have,on average,increased in height by about an inch and ahalf every20years.Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,average height—5'9"for men,5'4"for women—hasn't really changed since1960.Genetically speaking,there are advantages to avoiding substantial height.During childbirth,larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal.Moreover,even though humans have been___38___for millionsof years,our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal（双足行走的）posture and cannot easily withstand___39___strain imposed by oversize limbs.Genetic maximums can change,but don't expect this to happen soon.If you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment,by and large,you could use today’s data and feel___40___confident.Ⅲ.Reading comprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C,and D.Fillin each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Deliberate practice refers to a special type of practice that is purposeful and systematic.___41___regular practice might include mindless repetitions,deliberate practice requires focused attention and is conducted with thespecific goal of improving___42___.The greatest___43___of deliberate practice is to remain focused.In the beginning,showing up is the most important thing.But after a while we begin to carelessly___44___small errors and miss daily opportunities for improvement.This is because the natural tendency of the human brain is to___45___repeated behaviors into automatic habits.___46___,when you first learned to tie your shoes you had to think carefully about each step ofthe process.Today,after many repetitions,your brain can perform this sequence___47___.The more we repeat atask the more mindless it becomes.Mindless activity is the___48___of deliberate practice.The danger of practicing the same thing again and again is that progress becomes___49___.Too often,we think we are getting better simply because we are gaining experience.In___50___,we are merely reinforcing（加强）our current habits—not improving them.Claiming that improvement requires attention and effort sounds logical enough.But what does deliberatepractice actually look like in the real world?The first effective feedback system is___51___.This holds true for the number of pages we read,the numberof pushups we do,the number of sales calls we make,and any other task that is important to us.It is only through measurement that we have any___52___of whether we are getting better or worse.The second effective feedback system is coaching.One consistent finding across disciplines is that coaches are often essential for___53___deliberate practice.In many cases,it is nearly impossible to both perform a task andmeasure your progress at the same time.Good coaches can track your progress,find small ways to improve,andhold you___54___to delivering your best effort each day.Deliberate practice is not a comfortable activity.It requires sustained effort and concentration,but if you can manage to maintain your focus and___55___,then the promise of deliberate practice is quite tempting:to get themost out of what you’ve got.41.A.Since B.Whether C.While D.As42.A.awareness B.performance C.enjoyment D.intelligence43.A.equivalent B.ambition C.challenge D.appeal44.A.overlook B.insert C.detect D.implement45.A.transport B.translate C.transplant D.transform46.A.For example B.On the contrary C.As a result D.On the other hand48.A.outcome B.enemy C.source D.substitute49.A.distracted B.imposed C.assumed D.noted50.A.reality B.despair C.contrast D.return51.A.encouragement pliment C.measurement D.management52.A.motivation B.proof C.trouble D.concern53.A.resisting B.eliminating C.defining D.sustaining54.A.accountable B.opposed C.addicted D.parallel55.A.existence mitment C.dignity D.perspectiveSection BDirections：Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinishedstatements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C,and D.Choose the one that fits best accordingto the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）A traffic jam when you’re already late.A free ride when you’ve already paid.The fact that the King James Bible is the most shoplifted book in the United States.One of these three things is an example of irony—the reversal of what is expected or intended.The other twoare not.The difference between them may be one of the most curious linguistic（语言学的）misunderstandingsyou’re likely to encounter.“Ironic”does not,technically,mean“unfortunate,”“interesting,”or“coincidental,”despitethese terms often being used interchangeably.And that frequent misuse has not escaped linguists（语言学家）；according to the editors at ,“We estimate that ironic might be the most abused word in the Englishlanguage.”So what does irony really mean and where does the confusion come from?Part of the ambiguity probably originates from the fact that there are no fewer than three definitions of irony depending on which dictionary youuse.There’s Socratic irony（an ancient dialogue move），and dramatic irony（an ancient theatrical move），but thedefinition of irony we care about is situational irony.Situational irony occurs when,as the Oxford EnglishDictionary defines it,“a state of affairs or an event…seems deliberately contrary to what one expects and is oftenslightly amusing as a result.”The trick,is the deliberately contrary part—for a situation to be ironic,it must be the opposite of what is expected, not merely an amusing coincidence.A traffic jam when you’re already late may be an undesirable coincidence,butit is not the opposite outcome one would expect when leaving for work late.Instead,College Humor writer PatrickCassels corrects the situation like this:“A traffic jam when you’re already late to receive an award from the MuncipalPlanning Board for reducing the city’s automobile congestion by80percent.”Now that’s irony.56.The common misunderstanding of the word“ironic”is that_____.A.it describes something unlucky,amusing or coincidentalB.it shows something that is opposite to what is expected or intendedC.it means unfortunate,interesting and coincidental at the same timeD.it is not the most abused word in the English language57.The underlined word“ambiguity”means______.A.distinctionB.understandingC.uncertaintyD.issue58.Which following situation can be described as“ironic”according to the above passage?A.John was supposed to enjoy a free ride but actually he had paid for it before.B.Alexander Bell invented the telephone,but refused to keep one in his study for fear of distraction.C.Y ou had planned a perfect wedding and invited all the important people,when it started to rain.D.McDonalds’employee warned against eating Kentucky Fried Chicken burgers and fries.59.What will be the best title for the passage?A.An Unexpected Traffic JamB.The Most Misused Word in EnglishC.Why Is the Word Irony MisusedD.Curious Linguists Settled Another Misunderstanding（B）60.In Fabric&Styles,which item leaves you with the least personal choice?A.FabricB.Fly StyleC.Pocket StyleD.Thread Color61.According to the passage,which of the following statements is True?A.The tailor will meet all the requirements on your jeans on condition that you state every detail clearly in yourorder.B.If the order with wrong measurements has already been processed,nothing can be done to fix the situation.C.Before payment,you’d better check your order in detail and can still make modifications if necessary.D.Y ou will have to wash your jeans upon receipt,because they don’t fit perfectly until they shrink a little afterwashing.62.If you place an overseas order with full payments by PayPal on October12,you will receive your jeans no laterthan______.A.Oct.21B.Oct.26C.Nov.16D.Nov.20（C）Social norms of right and wrong are vital to a well-functioning society.However,such moral standards are changeable and the psychological mechanisms（机制）driving this change are unknown.Now,researchers at Karolinska Institutet report that our view of selfish and unselfish behaviors changes depending on how common they are.The results are based on a combination of behavioral experiments,mathematical models and computer simulations.In the experiments,the participants first observed other people’s behavior in a so-called“public goodsgame”，in which players receive a sum of money and then choose either to invest it to varying degrees so that itbenefits everyone in the group,or to keep it for themselves.After every round,the participants were asked to judgethe different choices as morally right or wrong,and whether the choices ought to be punished with a reduction inhow much the players gained.Uselfish behavior was considered more morally right than selfish,but both behaviors were judged to be more Moral and less deserving of punishment if the majority exhibited them than if they were uncommon.The Commonness of the selfish behavior also affected the participants’willingness to themselves pay to punish selfishness.“Tolerance of selfish behavior increased when the majority of the players kept the money for themselves,which surprised me,”says principal investigator Andreas Olsson,senior lecturer at Karolinska Institutet’s Department ofClinical Neuroscience.“The fact that a behavior is common doesn’t automatically mean that it’s right—this idea isbased on faulty logical that confuses facts with moral values.”The study shows our view of what is morally right and wrong has strong similarities with social conformity,in that we tend to adapt ourselves to the people around us and how they behave.This means that changes in our social environment can quickly alter our moral compass.“This is interesting from several angles,and could explain why normal attitudes change over time,such asthose towards public goods or legality,”says Bjorn Lindstrom,postdoc at University of Zurich and Karolinska Institutet’s Department of Clinical Neuroscience.63.According to Andreas Olsson’s analysis,if people accept selfish behavior,they actually_____.A.get facts and moral values mixed upB.misunderstand social mechanismsC.follow the logic of their ownD.consider it correct and reasonable64.It can be concluded that the participants in the experiments are punished if_____.A.they can’t play“public goods game”B.invest the money to benefit group membersC.they behave differently from the majorityD.they keep the money for themselves65.According to the passage,what is morally right or wrong is shaped by the following Expert___.A.the way people around us behaveB.changes in our social environmentC.personal standards of values and attitudesD.how widespread a particular behavior is66.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.The psychological mechanisms behind attitude changeB.Behavior is considered more moral the more common it isC.Our view of selfish and unselfish behaviorsD.Moral standards of selfish and unselfish behaviorsSection CDirections：Read the following passage and choose the most suitable statement from A-F for each Blank.Thereare two extra statements,which you do not need.FIVE W A YS TO KILL YOUR DREAMSI dedicated the past two years to understanding how people achieve their dreams.When we think about the dreams we have,and the footprint we want to leave in the universe,it is striking to see how big of an overlap thereis between the dreams that we have and projects that never happen.So I’m here to talk to you today about five wayshow not to follow your dreams.One:___67___.Y ou know the story,right?The tech guy built a mobile app and sold it very fast for a lot of money.Y ou knowthe story may seem real,but I bet it’s incomplete.If you go investigate further,the guy has done30apps before andhe has done a master’s on the topic,a Ph.D.He has been working on the topic for20years.This is really interesting.I myself have a story in Brazil that people think is an overnight success.I come from a humble family,and twoweeks before the deadline to apply to MIT,I started the application process.And,voila!I got in.People may thinkit’s an overnight success,but that only worked because for the17years prior to that,I took life and education seriously.You overnight success story is always a result of everything you’ve done in your life through that moment.Two:Believe someone else has the answers for you.Constantly,people want to help out,right?All sorts of people:your family,your friends,your business partners, they all have opinions on which path you should take:“And let me tell you,go through this pipe.”But wheneveryou go inside,there are other ways you have to pick as well.And you need to make those decisions yourself.___68___.And you need to keep picking those decisions,right?The pipes are infinite and you’re going to bumpyour head,and it’s a part of process.Three:Decide to settle when growth is guaranteed.So when your life is going great,you have put together a great team,and you have growing revenue,and everything is set—time to settle.When I launched my first book,I worked really,really hard to distribute iteverywhere in Brazil.With that over three million people downloaded it,over50,000people bought physical copies.When I wrote a sequel,some impact was guaranteed.Even if I did little,sales would be okay.But okay is neverokay.When you’re growing towards a peak,you need to work harder than ever and find yourself another peak.Maybe if I did little,a couple hundred thousand people would read it,and that’s great already.But if I work harderthan ever,I can bring this number up to millions.That’s why I decided,with my new book,to go to every singlestate of Brazil.And I can already see a higher peak.There’s no time to settle down.Four:Blame others for the fault.I constantly see people saying,“Y es,I had this great idea,but no investor had the vision to invest.”“Oh,I created this great product,but the market is so bad,the sales didn’t go well.”or“I can’t find good talent,my team is sobelow expectations.”___69___.Yes,it.May be hard to find talent.Yes,the market may be bad.But if no oneinvested in your idea,if no one bought your product,for sure,there is something there that is your fault.Definitely.You need to get your dreams and make them happen.And no one achieved their goals alone.But if you didn’t makethem happen,it’s your fault and no one else’s.Be responsible for your dreams.Five:Only pay attention to the dreams themselvles.Once I saw an ad,and it was a lot of friends,they were going up a mountain,it was a very high mountain and it was a lot of work.You could see that they were sweating and this was tough.And they were going up,and theyfinally made it to the peak.Of course,they decided to celebrate,right?I’m going to celebrate,so,“Yes!We madeit,we’re at the top!”Two seconds later,one looks at the other and says,“Okay,let’s go down.”Life is never aboutthe goals themselves.Life is about the journey.Yes,you should enjoy the goals themselves,but people think thatyou have dreams,and whenever you get to reaching one of those dreams,it’s a magical place where happiness willbe all around.___70___.The only way to really achieve all of your dreams is to fully enjoy every step of yourjourney.That’s the best way.Ⅳ.Summary WritingDirections：Read the following passage.Summarize in no more than60words the main idea of the passage andhow it is e your own words as far as possible.It is university true that all parents in the world love their children.However,as parents'views of life vary,they show their love in different ways．The monarch type of parents are intolerant and self-centered.They lay down regulations in the family for their children to observe.Furthermore,they insist that their children should act upon them without question.With a firmbelief in their own philosophy of life,they have litter respect for others'opinions,least of all,their children's.Thesentence they say most frequently to their children is,“Y ou should do this.”Contrary to the monarch-type parents,the servant-type parents revolve around their children all the time.Theyare soft,good-nature,and easy-going.They never deny their children any wish,and cheerfully run to buy anythingtheir children ask for.They are happy so long as their children are content.With the sincere belief that love meanssacrifice,they are ready to give up anything for their children's sake.With their children at the center of their lives,The friends-type parents,as the term implies,treat their Children as friends.They are generous and wise.Like good friends,they discuss with their children the latest news,share their children's interests,and listen attentivelyto their children's expression of emotion,whether it is anger,fear,joy or sorrow.They have a close relationship withtheir children while sticking to their principled stand.They discuss problems with their children rather than provideready solution.They respect their children as their equals.They often say:“Let's put our heads together and seewhat we can do.”There is no doubt that children welcome the third type of parents,for a free,friendly,and sympathetic atmosphere at home is most favorable to the development of youngsters both in body and in mind.All parentsshould re-examine and change some of their ways of showing their love if they want their children to grow uphappily and healthily.第二卷Ⅴ.Translation.Directions：Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.1.这次春游为同学们提供了放松的机会。

2017年9月建平中学高三开学考II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Nursing, as a typically female profession, must deal constantly with the false impression ___21___ nurses are there to wait on the position.As nurses, we ____22_____ (license) to provide nursing care only. We provide health teaching, and physical as well as emotional problems, coordinate patient- related services and make all our nursing decisions based upon what is ___23___(good) or suitable for the patient. If, in any circumstance, we feel that a physician’s order is inappropriate or unsafe, we have a legal responsibility ____24____(question) that order, or refuse to carry it out.Nursing is not a nine-to-five job __25__ every weekend off. All nurses are aware of that ___26___ they enter the profession. The emotional and physical stress, however, __27__ occurs due to hard working hours is a prime reason for a lot of the career dissatisfaction. It is sometimes required that we work overtime, and that we change shifts four or five times a month. That disturbs our personal lives and disrupts our sleeping and eating habits, isolating us from everything __28__ job-related friends and activities.The quality of nursing care is being affected dramatically by these situations. Most hospitals are now staffed by new graduates because experienced nurses finally give up __29___(try) to change the system. If trends continue as ___30__(predict), they will find that most critical hospital care will be provided by new inexperienced and sometimes inadequately-trained nurses.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.“That which does not kill us makes us stronger.” But parents can’t handle itnew field for the age-old battle between adults and their freedom-craving kids.Locked indoors, unable to get on their bicycles and hang out with their friends,friends. What they do online often mirrors what they might otherwise do if theirmedia and smart phones apps have become so popular in recent years. Teens want theInternet, imagining all the potential dangers that youth might face---from violent strangers to cruel peers.Rather than helping teens develop strategies for discussing public life and the potential risks of interacting with others, fearful parents have focused on tracking,complex social si tuations, assess risks and get help when they’re in trouble. It gradually weakens the learning that teens need to do as they come of age in a technology-soaked world.—plus communication. Famed urban theorist Jane Jacobs used to argue that thepaid attention to what happened on the streets. Safety didn’t come from keepingonline.that caring adults are behind them and supporting them wherever they go.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When is an occupation a profession? There appears to no absolute definition, but only __41_ ways of looking at the issue, from historical, cultural, sociological, moral, political or philosophical perspectives. It is often said that professions are elites(精英) who undertake specialized, selfless work, according to moral codes and that their work is _42__ by examination and a license to practice. In _43__, however, they request complete control over a body of knowledge, freedom to practice, special rewards and higher financial and economic _44__.The public needs experts and higher specialist advice, but because this advice is specialized they are not in a position to __45__ what advice they need: this has to be defined in conversation with the professional. Professional judgement could be __46__ with client(委托人) satisfaction since the latter cannot then be “the chief measure of whether the professional has acted in a trustworthy fashion.” Professional elites have __47__ potential; to export their power and reputation for economic goals; to allow research for the __48__ theoretical knowledge to become an end in itself; to lose sight of client well-being in the continuing split of specialist knowledge.The higher a profession’s social status the more freedom it enjoys. Therefore, an occupation wanting to maintain or improve its status will try to keep as much an occupation __49__ as possible over its own affairs. As in so many other areas, socio-culture change has affected the professions considerably in recent years. Market forces and social pressures have focused professionals to be more __50__ about theirmodes of practice. In addition, information technology has enables the __51__ to become much better informed, and therefore more demanding. Moreover, developing in professional knowledge itself have forced a greater degree of specialization on experts, who constantly have to _52___ and do research to maintain their position.Self-regulation then becomes an even more thing for a profession to maintain er extend. But in whose __53__? Is self-regulation used to enable a profession to properly practise without __54__ interference, or is it used to maintain the status of the profession for its own ends? Or is it used to protect clients by appropriately __55__ those who have broken professional norms, or to protect the public image of the profession by concealing evidences that would damage it?41.A. fair B. normal C. different D. separate42.A. guaranteed B. measured C. completed D. continued43.A. return B. comparison C. conclusion D. fact44.A. importance B. status C. influence D. certificate45.A. discover B. accept C. realize D. know46.A. competing B. disagreeing C. contrasting D. mixing47.A. negative B. creative C. significant D. wasted48.A. necessary B. abstract C. basic D. background49.A. independence B. control C. limitation D. value50.A. definite B. formal C. open D. personal51.A. public B. followers C. audience D. consumers52.A. resign B. recover C. retrain D. resist53.A. interests B. ideas C. proposals D. instructions54.A. legal B. logical C. unlike D.unsuitable55.A. examining B. separating C. resetting D. discipliningSection BAThe Hawthorne experiment was conducted in the late 1920s and early 1930s. The management of Western Electric's Hawthorne plant, located near Chicago, wanted to find out if environmental factors, such as lighting, could affect workers' productivity and morale. A team of social scientists experimented with a small group of employees who were set apart from their coworkers. The environmental conditions of this group's work area were controlled, and the subjects themselves were closely observed. To the great surprise of the researchers, the productivity of these workers increased in response to any change in their environmental conditions. The rate of work increased even when the changes (such as a sharp decrease in the level of light in the workplace) seemed unlikely to have such an effect.It was concluded that the presence of the observers had caused the workers in the experimental group to feel special. As a result, the employees came to know and trust one another, and they developed a strong belief in the importance of their job. The researchers believed that this, not the changes in the work environment, accounted for the increased productivity.A later reanalysis of the study data challenged the Hawthorne conclusions on the grounds that the changes in patterns of human relations, considered so important by the original researchers, were never measured. However, even if the original conclusions must be revised, they nonetheless raise a problem for social scientists: Research subjects who know they are being studied can change their behavior. Throughout the social sciences, this phenomenon has come to be called the Hawthorne effects.56. The author implies that a sharp decrease in light increased workers' output becauseA. the workers experienced less eyestrain in a dark working placeB. the workers had to pay 1nore attention to what they were doingC. the workers knew they were being observed, and this motivated themD. the 11'orkers in the experiment were paid more than other workers57. The pattern of organization of the second paragraph isA. list of itemsB. time orderC. definition and exampleD. cause and effect58. The Hawthorne experiment suggests thatA. workers' attitudes are more important than their environmentB. social scientists are good workersC. productivity in electric plants tends to be lowD even those who were not y the experiment improved their productivity59. The author’s main purpose isA. To explain the Hawthorne effectB. to prove the importance of researchC. to amuse with a surprising experimentD. to suggest ideas for future researchBJoin IMDb and Become a Founding Supporter of the Academy Museum of Motion PicturesThe Academy of Motion Pictures & Sciences is building the world's leading movie museum in the heart of Los Angeles. The Academy Museum of Motion pictures, scheduled to open in 2017, will contain six stories of state-of-the-art galleries, exhibition spaces, movie theaters and educational areas. Through groundbreaking exhibitions and innovative programming, the Museum will explore how Hollywood and the film industry have shaped culture and creativity around the world. Designed by Renzo Piano, the Academy Museum will be located next to the Los AngelesCounty Museum of Art (LACMA) campus in the landmarked Wilshire May Company Building.To help ensure this long-held dream of the Academy becomes a reality, the Academy has launched a $300 million fundraising campaign, led by Bob Iger, Annette Bening and Tom Hanks. We hope you can join IMDb and the Academy Museum's community of early supporters by making a gift to the campaign today. Or, sign up for the Academy Museum mailing list to hear about upcoming museum events and developments.Donate NowHelp make move history and join in elite group of supporters, including IMDb, by making your contribution today.To see a full list of the Academy Museum founding supporters, click here. If you would like to make a donation or learn more about naming opportunities, please contact Christine Joyce Rodriguez, Manager of Annual Giving, at Christine. Rodriguez@ or 310 247 304060. The Academy of Motion Pictures is locatedA. in the downtown area of Los AngelesB. in the suburb of the city of Los AngelesC. in the Los Angeles County Museum of ArtD. in the centre of Wilshire May Company61. The Academy of Motion Pictures will focus onA. the exhibition of film equipmentB. the impact of film industry on world cultureC. the popularity of Hollywood movie cultureD. the achievements of American galleries and theatres62. The passage is intended to .A. promote the Academy Museum and make movie historyB. arouse people's interest in the Academy MuseumC. raise enough money for the Academy MuseumD. help realize the Academy Museum founding supporters’ dreamsCTo live in the United States tod ay is to gain an appreciation for Dahrendorf’s declaration that social change exists everywhere. Technology, the application of knowledge for practical ends, is a major source of social change.Yet we would do well to remind ourselves that technology is human creation; it does not exist naturally. A spear or a robot is as much a cultural as a physical object. Until human use a spear to hunt game or a robot to produce machine parts, neither is much more than a solid mass of matter. For a bird looking for an object on which to rest, a spear or robot serves the purpose equally well. The explosion of the Challenger space shuttle and the Russian nuclear accident at Chernobyl drive home the human quality of technology; they provide cases in which well-planned systems suddenly went haywire and there was no ready hand to set them right. Since technology is a human creation, we are responsible for what is done with it. Pessimists worry that we will use our technology eventually to blow our world and ourselves to pieces. But they have been saying this for decades, and so far we have managed to survive and even flourish. Whether we will continue to do so in the years ahead remains uncertain. Clearly, the impact of technology on our lives deserves a closer examination.Few technological developments have had a greater impact on our lives than the computer revolution. Scientists and engineers have designed specialized machines that can do the tasks that once only people could do. There are those who declare that the switch to an information-based economy is in the same camp as other great historical milestones, particularly the industrial Revolution. Yet when we ask why the Industrial Revolution was a revolution, we find that it was not the machines. The primary reason why it was revolutionary is that it led to great social change. It gave rise to mass production and, through mass production, to a society in which wealth was not restricted to the few.In somewhat similar fashion, computers promise to revolutionize the structureof American life particularly as they free the human mind and open new possibilities in knowledge and communication. The Industrial Revolution supplemented and replaced the muscles of humans and animals by mechanical methods. The computer extends this development to supplement and replace some aspects of the mind of human beings by electronic methods. It is the capacity of the computer for solving problems and making decisions that represents its greatest potential and that poses the greatest difficulties in predicting impact on society.63. Why does the author give the examples of the challenger and Chernobyl?A. To show that technology could be used to destroy our world.B. To stress the author’s concern about the safety of complex technology.C. To prove that technology usually goes wrong, if not controlled by man.D. To demonstrate that being a human creation, technology is likely to make an error64. What does the phrase “went haywire” in paragraph 2 most probably mean?A. were out of rangeB. went out of dateC. fell out of useD. got out of control65. According to the author, the introduction of the computer is a revolution mainly becauseA. the computer has revolutionized the workings of the human mindB. the computer can do the tasks that could only be done by people beforeC. it has helped to switch to an information technologyD. it has a great potential impact on society66. In the passage, the author clearly shows hisA. keen insight into the nature of technologyB. sharp criticism of the role of the Industrial RevolutionC. thorough analysis of the replacement of the human mind by computersD. comprehensive description of the negative consequences of technology Section CDirections:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Picture two accountants alerted to suspicious entries in the books. The first takes the violation seriously. The second thinks it’s not a big deal. Who has more power? _____67_____ Powerful people break the rules—therefore, breaking rules makes one seem more powerful.“In its modest form, rule breaking is actually healthy,” says Zhen Zhang of Arizona State University. He found that relatively minor violations during adolescence—damaging property, playing hooky—predicted an admired occupation: entrepreneur.When young men, in particular, take risks that succeed, testosterone levels surge. The hormone may underlie the “winner effect,” say researchers John Coates and Joe Herbert of the University of Cambridge, who tracked the hormonal activity of stock option traders (again, all male) over their good and bad days in the market._____68_____But at a certain point, risk taking can become illogical. This can cause “ethicalnumbing(道德麻木).” Consider Ste ve Jobs: As Apple grew, so did lawsuits against it, like those over patents.Being wealthy has a moral effect on both genders. Studies have found that the $150,000-plus-per-year set was four times as likely to cheat as those making less than $15,000 a year when playing a game to win $50. The rich didn’t stop for pedestrians at a crosswalk nearly as often as less-wealthy drivers. ______69_______That’s because environment—not personality—encourage rule breaking, argues Andy Yap, a behavioral scientist. Yap and his colleagues asked volunteers to sit in an SUV-size driver’s seat versus a crowded one or an executive-size office space versus a cubicle(小隔间) and then tested their responses to various moral evens. ______70_______IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.J udging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic (流行病) of sleepiness in the nation. “I can’t think of a single study that hasn’t found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,” says Dr. David. Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.The beginning of our sleep-deficit (睡眠不足) crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago. From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person use d to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. “The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark.” By the 1950s and 1960s, the sleep schedule had beenreduced dramatically, to between 7.5 and eight hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. “People cheat on their sleep, and they don’t even realize they’re doing it,” says Dr. David. “They think they’re okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, eight or even mo re to feel ideally vigorous.”Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researchers say is the complexity of the day. Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community mount, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his progr amme. “In our society, you’re considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours’ sleep. If you’re got to get 8.5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition.”To determine the consequences of sleep deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier. “We’ve found that if you’re in sleep deficit, performance suffers,” says Dr. David. “Short-term me mory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.”第II卷V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 在公园里玩耍的孩子们让老人想起了他快乐的童年。

2019-2020学年上海市建平中学西校高三英语模拟试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AFour Best Hikes in the WorldThere's nothing like getting out and getting some fresh air on a hike. No matter whether your idea of a hike is a leisure walk or climbing the highest mountain on Earth, we've got you covered. Below are four best hikes inthe world.Torres del Paine W CircuitLocation (位置): Patagonia. ChileDistance: 37 + milesTime: 5~6 daysBest time to go: October to JanuaryThe W Circuit is one of the most recommended hikes you'll find. Not only will you appreciate the diverse landscapes and striking granite pillars (花岗岩柱子), but you'll probably meet some new friends along the way.Grand Canyon Rim - to - Rim HikeLocation: Arizona, the United StatesDistance: 48 milesTime: 1~3 daysBest time to go: May to June, September to OctoberThere's no better way to experience one of the greatest wonders in the world. Located in one of the USA's most beautiful parks, the views are ly appealing. Just make sure you're prepared for the challenge.Trek to PetraLocation: JordanDistance: 47 milesTime: 5~ 6 daysBest time to go: October to AprilTake the road less traveled through the Kingdom of Jordan and experience one of the seven wonders of the world. Hike through canyons, gorges and ridges, and see tombs and temples along the way all while avoidingcrowds of tourists.Yosemite Grand TraverseLocation: California, the United StatesDistance: 60 milesTime: 6~7 daysBest time to go: July to SeptemberKnown for some of the best hiking in the world, Yosemite National Park is famous for its views and huge sequoia (红杉) trees. Praised byNational Geographic, the Yosemite Grand Traverse will take you through waterfalls and green mountaintops.1.Which of the following is the best time for the hike in Patagonia, Chile?A.AprilB.MayC.AugustD.December2.Where should you go for a less crowded hike?A.JordanB.Patagonia, ChileC.Arizona, the United StatesD.California, the United States3.What can you do along the Yosemite Grand Traverse?A.Plant sequoia treesB.Appreciate waterfallsC.Visit local templesD.Climb granite pillarsBA wife’s level of education positively influences both her own and her husband’s chances of having a long life, according to a new Swedish study.In the study, researchers from the Swedish Institute for Social Research inStockholmfound that a woman’s level of education had a stronger connection to the likelihood of her husband dying over education. What’s more, they discovered that a husband’s social class, based on his occupation, had a greater influence on his wife’s longevity(长寿) than her own class.“Women traditionally take more responsibility for the home than men do, and, as a result, women’s levels of education might be more important for determining lifestyles－for example, in terms of food choices－than those of men,” say Srs. Robert Erikson and Jenny Torssander of the Swedish Institute for Social Research inStockholm.The results show that a husband’s level of education does not influence his longevity, but that men with partners who had quit studying after school were 25 per cent more likely to die early than men living with women holding university degrees. In turn, those married to women with university degrees were 13 percent more likelyto die early than those whose wives had post-graduate qualifications.According to the researchers, a woman with a good education may not marry a man who drinks and smokes too much or who drives carelessly, and men with such habits may not prefer highly educated woman. Drs. Erikson and Torssander also suggest that better-educated women may be more aware of what healthy eating and good health care consist of.The findings suggest that education has a huge impact on how long and how well people live. It also reflects social factors, since educated individuals usually have better jobs, which allow them to afford healthier diets and lifestyles, as well as better health care.4. In this passage the author intends to ________.A. present the results of a studyB. encourage women to get higher educationC. analyze the relationship between education and lifeD. discuss why women usually live longer than men5. A woman with higher education is likely to ________.A. teach her children wellB. earn more money than her husbandC. marry a man without many bad habitsD. choose a husband with a higher degree than hers6. A wife’s education has more effect on a family than a husband’s because ________.A. women make more sacrifices to their families than men doB. most women have higher degrees than their husbandsC. most men marry women with higher degreesD. women have a leading role in the home life of most families7. We learn from the passage that ________.A. a man with a lot of education lives longer than one with littleB. educated wives tend to choose healthy lifestyles for their familiesC. highly-educated women don’t marry uneducated menD. a man’s longevity depends on not only his wife’s level of education but also his ownCMost people around the world are right-handed. This also seems to be true in history. In 1799, scientistsstudied works of art made at different times from 1,500 B.C. to the 1950s. Most of the people shown in these works are right-handed, so the scientists guessed that right-handedness has always been common through history. Today, only about 10% to 15% of the world’s population is left-handed.Why are there more right-handed people than left-handed ones? Scientists now know that a person’s two hands each have their own jobs. For most people, the left hand is used to find things or hold things. The right hand is used to work with things. This is because of the different work of the two sides of the brain. The right side of the brain, which makes a person’s hands and eyes work together, controls the left hand. The left-side of the brain, which controls the right hand, is the centre for thinking and doing problems. These findings show that more artists should be left-handed, and studies have found that left-handedness is twice as common among artists as among people in other jobs.No one really knows what makes a person become right-handed instead of left-handed. Scientists have found that almost 40% of the people become left-handed because their main brain is damaged when they are born. However, this doesn’t happen to everyone, so scientists guess there must be another reason why people become left-handed. One idea is that people usually get right-handed from their parents. If a person does not receive the gene(基因) for right-handedness, he / she may become either right-handed or left-handed according to the chance and the people they work or live with.Though right-handedness is more common than left-handedness, people no longer think left-handed people are strange or unusual. A long time ago, left-handed children were made to use their right hands like other children, but today they don’t have to.8. After studying works of art made at different times in history, the scientists found _______.A. the art began from 1,500B.C.B. the works of art ended in the 1950sC. most people shown in the works of art are right-handedD. most people shown in the works of art are left-handed9. What is the left hand for most people used to do?A. It’s used to find or hold things.B. It’s used to work with things.C. It’s used to make a person’s eyes work together.D. It’s the centre for thinking and doing problems.10. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A. No one really knows what makes a person become right-handed.B. Left-handedness is cleverer than right-handedness.C. Today children are not made to use their right hands only.D. Scientists think there must be some reason why people become left-handed.11. The best title for this passage is _______.A. Scientists’ New InventionsB. Left-handed PeopleC. Which HandD. Different Brains, Different HandsDThe modern Olympics, which appeared in ancient Greece as many as 3,000 years ago, have become the world’s most important sporting competition. From the 8th century B. C. to the 4th century A. D., the the ancient Olympics were held every four years in Olympia in honor of the god Zeus. The first modern Olympics took place in1896 inAthens, and featured 280 participants from 13 nations, competing in 43 events. Since 1994, the Summer and Winter Olympic Games have been held separately every two years. The 2020 Summer Olympics, delayed one year because of the COVID-19, was held in Japan in 2021.The ancient Olympics were held every four years between August 6 and September 19 during a festival honoring Zeus. The Games were named for their location (位置) at Olympia, a place near the western coast in southern Greece. Their influence was so great that ancient historians began to measure time by the Olympic Games held every four years.After the Roman Empire conquered (征服) Greece in the mid-2nd century B.C., the Games continued, but their standards and quality dropped. For example from 67 A. D., the Emperor Nero entered an Olympic horse race, announcing himself the winner even after he fell off hishorse during the event. In 393 A. D., Emperor TheodosiusⅠended the ancient Olympic tradition.It was another 1,500 years before the Games rose again, largely thanks to the efforts of Baron Pierre de Coubertin (1863-1937) of France. Working hard at the development of physical education, the young man became inspired by the idea of creating a modern Olympic Games after visiting the ancient Olympic building. In November 1892, at a meeting of the Union des Sports Athlétiques in Paris, Coubertin suggested the idea of making the Olympics an international athletic competition held every four years. Two years later, he got the approval (批准) he needed to found the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ), which would become the governing body of the modern Olympic Games.12. What do we know about the modern Olympics?A. The modern Olympics became famous in the 18th century.B. The first Winter Olympics was held in 1994.C. The first modern Olympics dates back to 1896.D. The latest Winter Olympics will delay for two years.13. How often were the ancient Olympics held?A. Every year.B. Every other year.C. Every three years.D. Every four years.14. When did the ancient Olympics end?A. In 393 A. D.B. In 67 A. D.C. In the mid-2nd century B. C.D. About 1,500 years ago.15. What is the best title of the text?A. The ancient OlympicsB. The modern OlympicsC. The Olympics developed through yearsD. The Olympics are popular in modern time第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。