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高考英语主动表示被动用法详解

高考英语主动表示被动用法详解
高考英语主动表示被动用法详解

高考英语主动表示被动用法详解

一、谓语动词的被动情况:

1. 某些连系动词,如look, sound, smell, taste, prove, feel等,由于没有宾语,也就没有被动式,习惯以主动语态形式表示被动意义。

例如:

Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由听起来很合理。

The flower smells sweet. 这花闻起来香。

Good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。

The silk feels soft. 丝绸摸起来很软。

但是,当上述动词不用作系动词,作实意动词时,则不具有这种用法。

例如:

His heart was felt still beating. 他的心脏仍在跳动。

Pepper can be tasted in the soup. 汤里有胡椒粉的味道。

2. 一些动词read, wash, clean, cook,lock,shut,open,act,write,cut,wear等,用作不及物动词时且表示主语的某种属性时,用主动表被动。

例如:

The door won’t open.这门打不开。

It can’t move.它不能动。

7、一些动词如sell(销售) , wash(洗), clean(打扫), burn(燃烧), cook(煮)等与副词如well(好), easily(容易地), perfectly(十分地)等连用,描会事物的特性,用主动表被动,结构是主语+动词+加副词。例如:

The book sells well. 这种书很畅销。

These clothes wash easily. 这些衣服很易洗。

The pen writes well. 这笔很好写。

【注意】该用法的不及物动词通常与can’t(不能), won’t (不会)等连用,注意它与用被动语态含义不同:

The window won’t shut. 这窗户关不上。(说明主语的属性——窗户有问题了)

The window won’t be shut. 这窗户将不用关上。(窗户本身没问题,只是不用关)

3、need,want,require(要求,需要),deserve(应得,值得),not bear(经不住)后面接doing主动表被动。

The old building requires repairing. 这座古建筑需要修了。

These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after)carefully.这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。

Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut)。 你的头发该剪了。

2、不定式作定语,放在被修饰词后面,与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系,又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系,不定式要用主动表被动含义。

I have much work to do. 我有许多要做的事情。(与work有动宾关系,与I有主谓关系)Tom is looking for a room to live in. Tom在找一间住的房间。(与room有动宾关系,与Tom 有主谓关系)

He has a family to support. 他要维持一个家庭。 (与family有动宾关系,与he有主谓关系)

二、表语部分的主动表示被动

1、不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时,结构为:主语+系动词+形容词+ 不定式;动词+宾语+形容词+不定式。如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义,如difficult,easy,comfortable(舒适的),convenient(便利的,方便的),hard,cheap,expensive等,不定式用主动表被动。

The question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答。

The work is easy to do. 这项工作很好做。

I found the car comfortable to ride in. 我觉得这种车很好坐。

That makes poetry difficult to write. 那就使得诗很难写。

2、在be to blame,be to let和be to seek结构中的一些不定式:这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表被动。下列动词用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义:

Who is to blame for starting the fire? 这场火灾应由谁负责?

You are to blame for the accident. 你应为这事受动责备。

A better way is yet to seek. 还得找一种更好的办法。

The house is to let. 此房出租。

A lot remains to do. 还剩下许多事情要做。

3、在be worth(值得)结构中,worth后用动词的-ing结构表示被动。

如:The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。

4. 主语much,a great deal,little,what等,其表语如是不定式,则用不定式的主动表被动。

What is to do?做什么?

Much is to do. 太多要做的事。

三、其他情况的主动表示被动

1、不定式用于修饰“there be+名词”中的名词时,可用主动式,也可用被动式,有时含义差不多:

There is too much work to do [to be done]. 要做的工作太多了。

但有时含义有差别(不定式用主动式可视为其前省略了for sb,用被动式可视为其后省略了by sb):

There is nothing to do. 无事可做。(含有无聊之意)

There is nothing to be done. 不能做什么了。(指没有办法了)

There is nothing to see. 没什么可看的。(即不值一看)

There is nothing to be seen. 没看见什么。(指没东西看)

但在“there be”句型中作主语的定语如果现在分词时,所用的现在分词要用主动表被动意义。There is nothing doing these days. 这些天没事干。

I see there’s a good idea planning. 我知道又在打好主意。

2. 不定式用于某些动词(如have, have got, get, want, need等)的宾语后作定语时,如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语,则要用主动形式表示被动意义:

I have some letters to write. 我有一些信要写。

I want something to drink. 我想喝点什么。

Do you want to get something to read. 你想找点东西阅读吗?

【注意】如果不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语,则应用被动式,比较:

I have something to type now. 现在我有些东西要打(字)。(指自己打字)

I have something to be typed now. 现在我有些东西要打(字)。(指请人打字)

3. 不定式用于某些双宾动词(如give, show, buy, lend, get等)的直接宾语后作定语时,如果不定式的逻辑主语就是直接宾语前的间接宾语,通常用主动形式表示被动意义:

Give the children some magazines to read now. 现在给孩子们几本杂志看。

Mary lent me some novels to read. 玛丽借给我一些小说看。

【注意】如果不定式的逻辑主语不是直接宾语前的间接宾语,则应用被动式。

比较:

He will show you the path to the park. 他将告诉你去公园的道路。

He will show you the room to be used as the meeting-room.

他将带你去看看用作会议室的房间。

但有时两者区别不大:

Give me a list of the people to invite [to be invited]. 把需要邀请的人员名单给我。

4. 在too…to do sth 和…enough to do sth这两个结构中,若句子主语与其后不定式为to do sth被动关系,则该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义(但也可直接用被动式)。不定式前可加for sb, 引出不定式的逻辑主语。

如:

The box is too heavy (for me) to carry it. 这盒子太重,我搬不动。

The hall is not large enough (for us) to have a meeting in. 这个大厅不是大到足够让我们在里面开会。

Tom is too young to be sent to America for advanced study. 汤姆太年轻,不能送到美国去深造。

5. 在“with /without +宾语+宾语补足语”结构中,若宾语补足语是不定式(作定语),不定式所表示的动作将要发生,且句子的主语是该动作逻辑上的执行者,此时不定式须用主动式。

例如:

With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.

With several meetings to attend,he couldn't go to the Great Wall with us.

由于有几次会议要参加,所以他不能和我们一起去长城了。

Without anything to do,he turned off the lights and went to bed.已无事可做,所以他关灯睡觉了。

6. 介词结构表示被动

介词under构成的短语,如果它的宾语是表示动作的名词,通常含有被动意义,意为“在……过程中”。该介词结构可使句子言简意赅,避免过多地使用被动语态。这种介词短语在句中常作表语,也可作补足语或定语。

Your suggestion is still under discussion . 你的建议正在讨论中。

He is said to be under arrest for stealing money. 据说他由于偷钱被捕了。

The house under repair is our library . 正在修建的房屋是我们的图书馆。

常见的这类under短语还有:

under attack在进攻中,under arrest在关押中,under consideration在考虑中,under construction在建设中,under contact在联系中,under discussion在讨论中,under examination 在审查中,under investigation在调查中,under repair在修理中,under review在审议中under treatment在医治中,under trial在受审中

【注意】还有一些介词,如in , on , for , above , beyond , past , out of , within等,也可以构成表示动作的介词短语。如:

The writer has finished writing his novel but it is not yet in print . (= ---being printed)

作者已经写完了他的小说,但尚未出版。

Grapes from XinJiang are on sale. (= ---to be sold) 新疆葡萄在销售.

His virtue is above all praise. (= ---can’t be praised completely) 他的美德赞颂不尽。The fellow’s ins olence is beyond endurance. (= ---can’t be endured)

这家伙傲慢无礼,叫人受不了。

His car was out of control. (= ---could not be controlled) 那部汽车失去了控制。

被动语态:主动表被动形式

被动语态:主动表被动形式 1) 当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常用主动形式表示被动意义: The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。 The supermarket doors shut automatically. 超市的门是自动关的。 【注】该用法的不及物动词通常与can’t, won’t 等连用,注意它与用被动语态含义不同:The window won’t shut. 这窗户关不上。(说明主语的属性——窗户有问题了) The window won’t be shut. 这窗户将不用关上。(窗户本身没问题,只是不用关) 有时可能用主动和被动形式均可,只是强调重点稍有不同:Suddenly the door opened. 突然门开了。(不强调动作执行者) The door was suddenly opened. 门突然被打开了。(强调动作执行者) 2)当read, wash,clean, cook, cut, wear, carry,sell 等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常要用主动形式表示被动意义: The cloth washes well. 这种布料好洗。

The book sells quickly. 这书销售得快。 This cheese doesn’t cut easily. It’s too soft. 这乳酪不容易切,太软了。 This shirt will wear very long. 这衬衫可以穿很久。 【注】该用法通常与well, easily, slowly, quickly等副词连用,并且在用于以上意思时通常不宜直接使用被动语态形式。不过在某些特殊情况下也可用被动语态,只是含义稍有不同(用主动形式表示主语的属性,用被动形式表示动作执行者所执行的动作):The sentences read clearly. 这些句子读起来很清楚。(即这句子没有歧义) The sentences are read clearly. 这些句子被读得很清楚。(指读的人读得好) 另外,以上用法有时也可能用于进行时态: The vegetables are cooking.蔬菜正在煮着。 Is the book selling well? 这书销售情况如何? (3)某些表示开始和结束的动词(begin,start, finish, end等),当主语为事物且不强调动作的执行者时,可用主动形式表示被动意义: When does the concertbegin? 音乐会什么时候开始? The play ended at ten o’clock. 戏10点钟结束。

高考英语考纲重点词汇用法总结

英语考纲重点词汇用法总结 n.名词pron.代词adj.形容词adv.副词v.动词vi.不vt. 及物动词 prep.介词conj.连词interj.感叹词 A 1.able unable ability n. disable vt.使残废disabled adj.残废的 2.about be about to do sth.即将做...... 3.above---below over---under 4.accept~ A as B 把A当作B接受/接纳cf. receive 5.accident accidental adj.偶然的;偶发的by ~/chance偶然地 6.ache n./ vi. toothache backache headache 7.across---through across the world=all over the world 8.act v./n. action n. active adj. actively adv. activity n.活动 act as...扮演;充当be active in...=take an active part in...积极参加act...out表演出 9.actual adj. actually adv.事实上 10.add v. addition n. additional adj.附加的;额外的 add to sth.增强add A to B把A加到B上去add...up把......加起来 而且 add up to sth.合计为;意思是in addition=what’s more=besides 11.admire vt. admiration n. admirer n. ~ sb. for sth因......钦佩某人in admiration钦佩地 12.admit vt.承认;录取admission n. admitted admitting admit doing sth. be admitted into a college被......录取 13.advance v. advanced adj.先进的;高级的in ~ = ahead of time提前 14.advice u.n. advise vt. give sb. advice on sth. advise sb. to do sth./ advise doing sth. cf. advise与persuade 15.affair n.事物family/foreign/love ~s 16.afford vt. can ~ (to do) sth. 17.afraid adj. I’m ~ so/not.恐怕是这样/不是这样。 18.Africa n. African n./adj. Asia---Asian America---American Europe---European Australia---Australian Austria---Austrian奥地利人(的)Canada---Canadian 19.again~ and ~=over and over=time and again反复地once ~=once more=~又一次 20.three years ago(一般过去时)three years before(过去完成时) 21.agree vt. agreement n.协议agreeable adj.可爱的 ~ to sth.同意某事~ on sth(经讨论)达成共识~ with sb.同意某人 come to/arrive at/reach an agreement达成协议 22.agriculture n. agricultural adj. industry---industrial 23.aim n./v. ~ at...瞄准;意思是 24.alive adj.(表语形容词) eat sth ~ bury sb. ~ catch sb. ~ Cf. living活着的live现场直播的lively活泼的 25.air n. in the ~在空中on the ~在播出by ~乘飞机 26.allow vt. allowance n.补助金;补贴 ~ sb. to do sth. ~ doing sth. ~ for...考虑到;酌量Smoking is not ~ed here. 27.almost adv.几乎(可接否定词) nearly adv.(不接否定词)I have seen almost no such book before. 28.alone adj./adv.独自的;单独的lonely adj.寂寞的;孤独的 29.along adv./ prep. all ~=all the time一直 30.although conj.虽然;尽管though conj. 虽然;尽管though adv.尽管如此(句末) 31.anger n. angry adj. hunger n. hungry adj. 32.announce vt. announcement n. make an announcement 33.another pron. one after ~= one by one another three chairs= three more/ other chairs 34.always adv. for ~/ good/ ever永远He is ~ talking in class.(反感) He is ~ asking clever questions.(赞扬) 35.answer n./v. the ~ to the question in ~ to响应;回答

被动语态用主动表达

被动语态用主动表达 被动语态是指在不知谁是动作执行者或没必要指出谁是动作执行者,或需要强调动作的承受者时使用,其基本形式是“系动词+过去分词”。但在现实语言运用中,会出现一些用主动形式表达被动含义的情况,现将英语中用主动语态表达被动含义的几种情况归纳如下:1. 表“需要”含义的动词,如need, want, require等作谓语时,其主语若是物时,这些动词后面可接动名词主动形式表示被动含义。如: The garden doesn't need watering, it rained last night. 这个园子不需要浇水,昨晚刚下过雨。The carpet really requires cleaning. 这块地毯确实需要清理了。 注:这种情况下,也可接不定式的被动语态表达同种含义。如: This sentence needs explaining once more.=This sentence needs to be explained once more. 这个句子需要再解释一遍。 2. 有一类动词既是及物的,又是不及物的,但如果表示主语内在的特征、性质或所处的状态而不是强调动作本身,就要用动词的主动形式表被动,这样用起来简洁,符合英美人的习惯。常见的动词有:sell, wash, write, wear, open, shut, lock, close, start, begin, read, tear, boil, burn, grow, break, change, weigh, measure等。 请看下面三个句子,体会划线部分的不同: His books sell well, so they are sold out soon. 他的书很畅销,所以很快就被卖光了。 The door won't open, so we'll ask the repairman to open it. 这门就是打不开,所以,我们将请修理工打开它。 We measured the bridge and it measures 20 metres long! 我们量了量这座桥,它(量起来)有20米长! 3. 一些表示感觉、感官的系动词,常用主动形式表示被动动作,如sound, feel, smell, taste, look等。如: I tasted the wine and it tasted wonderful! 我尝了尝这酒,味道棒极了。 4. be worth doing结构中,用动名词主动形式表示某事值得被做。如: This dictionary is expensive, but it is worth buying. 这本词典很贵,但很值得买。 5. 在be to blame, be to let, be to seek等结构中,也用主动形式表被动含义。如: Nobody is to blame for the accident. 没有人会因这个事故而受责怪。 6. 有些动词的进行时可表示被动含义(这种情况也可用被动)。如: Te new edition of Longman dictionary is printing. 朗文词典的新版本正在被印刷。 7. 动词不定式的主动形式表被动含义。 动词不定式主动形式表被动含义较复杂,一般分下面3种情况: (1)be+形容词(或有这种形容词修饰的名词)+to do,这时的形容词都表示主语所具有的特征。如:heavy, light, big, strong, nice, beautiful, easy, hard, difficult, fit, comfortable, dangerous 等。如: She is a nice person to work with. 她是一个很好共事的人。 注:①此种结构中,因为主语充当着不定式的逻辑宾语,所以不定式一定用及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语。②too+形容词+to do及形容词+enough+to do结构也适合这一类。如:

初中英语被动语态讲解与练习

初中被动语态语法讲解 (一) 语态分类 英语动词有两种语态,主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如: They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动) 汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动,而英语用: 助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。 (二) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化 主要体现在be的变化上,其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。不同时态的被动语态,列表如下:一般现在时:am / is / are + done 一般过去时:was / were + done 一般将来时:shall / will + be done 一般过去将来时:should / would + be done 现在进行时:am / is / are + being + done 过去进行时:was / were + being + done 现在完成时:have / has + been + done 过去完成时:had + been + done 将来完成时:shall / will + have been + done 过去将来完成时:should / would + have been + done [注]被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。 (三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态 1. 一般现在时: (1)People grow rice in the south of the country. Rice is grown in the south of the country. (2)The school doesn't allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. 2. 一般过去时: (1)They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month. The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month. (2)The students didn't forget his lessons easily. His lessons were not easily forgotten 3. 一般将来时: (1)They will send cars abroad by sea. Cars will be sent abroad by sea. (2)They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers. Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers. 4. 过去将来时: (1)The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year. The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. (2) The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible. The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible. 5. 现在进行时:

动词的主动形式表示被动之意(附练习及答案)

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常用英语词语用法辨析

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