英语中主动形式表被动意义的十种情况
英语中有时用动词的主动形式表示被动意义。现总结如下：
1.某些感官动词，如look,feel,sound,taste,smell等常用主动形式表示被动意义。例如：
2.某些动词，如sell,wash,write,lock,shut,close,open,read,wear等，作不及物动词时常用主动形式表示被动意义。例如：
His pen writes smoothly.
The window won’t shut.
This type of TV set sells well.
3.prove用作系动词，用主动形式表被动意义。
These methods have proves quite effective.
He proves (to be)honest.
4.be worth后长加动词的主动形式表被动意义。例如：
The book is well worth reading.
This film is worth seeing.
5.need,want,require,won’t bear,deserve等动词后用V-ing主动形式表被动意义。句中主语是V-ing实质上的宾语。用作V-ing形式的动词若是不及物动词，后应加相应的介词。
The flowers need/want/require watering.
The problem required paying special attention to.
以上几个动词除外，也可用不定式的被动语态来表示。例如：
6.某些动词的进行时可表被动意义，如print,cook,build,show等。例如：
What’s showing at the cinema this week?
Her novel is reprinting(=being reprinted).
The bridge is building(=being built)
7.to let（出租），to blame（责备）只用主动形式表被动意义。例如：
This flat is to let.
Who is to blame for it?
8.在there be句型及with的复合结构中，可以用主动形式表被动意义。例如：
There is nothing to read.
There is nothing to do now.
There is nothing to worry about.
With so much work to do,Mary cannot but stay at home.
9.有些形容词后接不定式作状语时，常用主动形式表被动意义。此类形容词有easy,hard,difficult,cheap,expensive,fit,nice,good,funny,exciting,light,heavy,dangerous,comfortabl e,delicious等。动词是不及物时要加相应的介词。例如：
The fish is delicious to eat.
The ground is too hard to dig.
The chair is comfortable to sit on.
10.不定式作后置定语，与所修饰的词有动宾关系，又与句中其它名词或代词有主位关系，这时不定式用主动形式表被动意义。不定式为不及物动词时，其后应加相应的介词。例如：Do you have anything to say?
He is a pleasant person to work with.
英语主动表被动用法归纳 一、谓语动词用主动表被动的五种情形 (1)某些连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动，因为连系动词为不及物动词，它们没有被动语态形式： That dog looks dangerous. 那只狗看起来很危险。 Your idea sounds a good one. 你的想法听起来很好。 My advice proved to be wrong. 我的意见证实是错的。 (2)当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义： The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。 The supermarket doors shut automatically. 超市的门是自动关的。 【注】该用法的不及物动词通常与can’t, won’t 等连用，注意它与用被动语态含义不同：The window won’t shut. 这窗户关不上。(说明主语的属性——窗户有问题了) The window won’t be shut. 这窗户将不用关上。(窗户本身没问题，只是不用关) 有时可能用主动和被动形式均可，只是强调重点稍有不同： Suddenly the door opened. 突然门开了。(不强调动作执行者) The door was suddenly opened. 门突然被打开了。(强调动作执行者) (3)当read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常要用主动形式表示被动意义： The cloth washes well. 这种布料好洗。 The book sells quickly. 这书销售得快。 This cheese doesn’t cut easily. It’s too soft. 这乳酪不容易切，太软了。 This shirt will wear very long. 这衬衫可以穿很久。 【注】该用法通常与well, easily, slowly, quickly等副词连用，并且在用于以上意思时通常不宜直接使用被动语态形式。不过在某些特殊情况下也可用被动语态，只是含义稍有不同(用主动形式表示主语的属性，用被动形式表示动作执行者所执行的动作)：The sentences read clearly. 这些句子读起来很清楚。(即这句子没有歧义) The sentences are read clearly. 这些句子被读得很清楚。(指读的人读得好) 另外，以上用法有时也可能用于进行时态： The vegetables are cooking. 蔬菜正在煮着。 Is the book selling well? 这书销售情况如何?
被动语态：主动表被动形式 1) 当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义： The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。 The supermarket doors shut automatically. 超市的门是自动关的。 【注】该用法的不及物动词通常与can’t, won’t 等连用，注意它与用被动语态含义不同：The window won’t shut. 这窗户关不上。(说明主语的属性——窗户有问题了) The window won’t be shut. 这窗户将不用关上。(窗户本身没问题，只是不用关) 有时可能用主动和被动形式均可，只是强调重点稍有不同：Suddenly the door opened. 突然门开了。(不强调动作执行者) The door was suddenly opened. 门突然被打开了。(强调动作执行者) 2)当read, wash,clean, cook, cut, wear, carry，sell 等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常要用主动形式表示被动意义： The cloth washes well. 这种布料好洗。
The book sells quickly. 这书销售得快。 This cheese doesn’t cut easily. It’s too soft. 这乳酪不容易切，太软了。 This shirt will wear very long. 这衬衫可以穿很久。 【注】该用法通常与well, easily, slowly, quickly等副词连用，并且在用于以上意思时通常不宜直接使用被动语态形式。不过在某些特殊情况下也可用被动语态，只是含义稍有不同(用主动形式表示主语的属性，用被动形式表示动作执行者所执行的动作)：The sentences read clearly. 这些句子读起来很清楚。(即这句子没有歧义) The sentences are read clearly. 这些句子被读得很清楚。(指读的人读得好) 另外，以上用法有时也可能用于进行时态： The vegetables are cooking.蔬菜正在煮着。 Is the book selling well? 这书销售情况如何? (3)某些表示开始和结束的动词(begin,start, finish, end等)，当主语为事物且不强调动作的执行者时，可用主动形式表示被动意义： When does the concertbegin? 音乐会什么时候开始？ The play ended at ten o’clock. 戏10点钟结束。
主动形式表被动意义 1. 1)系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste(吃起来), sound (听起来), prove(证明是), feel(摸上去感到)等,例如: Your reason sounds reasonable. Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth. 2)一些与can't(不能)或won't(不会)连用的动词。常用的有: lock(锁住), shut(关上) , open(打开), act(上演)等,例如: The door won't open. It can't move. 3)一些与well(很), easily(容易地), perfectly(十分地)等连用的动词,如: sell(销售) , wash(洗), clean(打扫), burn(燃烧), cook(煮)等,例如: The book sells well. These clothes wash well. 4)用在“主语+不及物动词+主语补语”句型中的一些不及物动词,例如: This material has worn thin. The dust has blownsintosthe house. 2. 1)动名词 be worth(值得), want (=need)(需要), need(需要), require(需要)后所用的动名词,必须用主动结构表示被动意义,例如: These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully. Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut). 2) 作定语:不定式结构常表示动宾关系,即用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这种情形最常出现在“There+be+主语+修饰主语的不定式”和“及物动词+宾语(或双宾语)+修饰宾语的不定式”结构中,特别是“主语+have+宾语+修饰宾语的不定式”结构中,例如: He has a family to support. There is a lot of work to do. 当然,这里的不定式在个别情形下也可用被动形式,含义区别不大,例如: There is so much work to do/to be done. 在“主语+be+形容词+不定式”句型中,有时主语是不定式结构的逻辑宾语,这是应用主动形式表示被动含义。适合于此结构的形容词比较多,最常用的有amusing(有趣的),
（英语）高考英语被动语态练习题及答案 一、单项选择被动语态 1．With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ________ each year. A．is washing away B．is being washed away C．are washing away D．are being washed away 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 本题考查现在进行时的被动语态和主谓一致。解题步骤：1. 确定谓语单复数：根据quantity的用法，quantities of和a quantity of后面都可加不可数名词与可数名词复数，但它们作主语时，quantities of...后面的谓语动词用复数，而a quantity of...的谓语动词用单数，故排除A、D项。2. 确定第二空：随着森林的被毁，土壤正在被冲走，故应该用现在进行时的被动语态。句意：随着森林的被毁，大量的优质土壤每年都被冲走。综上，故选D项。 【名师点拨】 quantities of和a quantity of后面加可数名词复数，做主语时后面的谓语动词用复数形式；quantities of后面加不可数名词，做主语时后面的谓语动词用复数形式；a quantity of后面加不可数名词，做主语时后面的谓语动词用单数形式。https://www.doczj.com/doc/c7530242.html,rge quantities of money have been sent there大量的钱已经被送到那里；A large quantity of money has been wasted.大量的钱已经被浪费；2.A large quantity of books have been offered to us.大量的书已经提供给我们； Quantities of nuts are on the table.大量的坚果在桌子上。 2．—Are we about to having dinner? —Yes, it ________ in the dining room. A．serve B．is serving C．is being served D．has been serving 【答案】C 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：——我们准备去吃饭吗？——是的，饭菜正在餐厅被供应。it是指饭菜，和动作serve之间是被动关系，且动作正在进行，四个选项中只有C项是现在进行时的被动语态，故选C。 3．To my ________， he was not a little ________ at the news that he had won the first prize in the English speech contest, for he thought that he didn't perform so well. A．astonishment；astonishing B．astonished；astonishing C．astonishment；astonished D．astonish；astonishment 【答案】C 【解析】
2017年高考英语主动表被动的用法考点总结 (1) 当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义： The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。The supermarket doors shut automatically. 超市的门是自动关的。 【注】该用法的不及物动词通常与can’t, won’t 等连用，注意它与用被动语态含义不同：The window won’t shut. 这窗户关不上。(说明主语的属性——窗户有问题了) The window won’t be shut. 这窗户将不用关上。(窗户本身没问题，只是不用关) 有时可能用主动和被动形式均可，只是强调重点稍有不同： Suddenly the door opened. 突然门开了。(不强调动作执行者) The door was suddenly opened. 门突然被打开了。(强调动作执行者) 当read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常要用主动形式表示被动意义：The cloth washes well. 这种布料好洗。The book sells quickly. 这书销售得快。This cheese doesn’t cut easily. It’s too soft. 这乳酪不容易切，太软了。This shirt will wear very long. 这衬衫可以穿很久。 【注】该用法通常与well, easily, slowly, quickly等副词连用，并且在用于以上意思时通常不宜直接使用被动语态形式。不过在某些特殊情况下也可用被动语态，只是含义稍有不同(用主动形式表示主语的属性，用被动形式表示动作执行者所执行的动作)： The
我是英语专业的，或许能帮助你~！！楼主记得给分啊~！！2011—12--23 主动语态形式表示被动意义在初三英语教学当中，被动语态的学习是一个重点，学生常常在做选择填空和完形填空当中，会遇到一些用主动语态形式表示被动意义的题目，他们常常会犯一些错误。例如以下的一道选择题：The cotton very soft.（棉花摸起来很软）A、is felt B、feels C、was felt D、feel这道题的正确答案是B，而往往很多同学选择A。他们觉得应该用被动结构，其实这就是一个典型的“某些表示状态特征的系动词，就是用主动语态形式表示被动意义”的题目。为了避免学生再遇到类似的问题，犯同样的错误，本人觉得在初三复习当中，在不增加学生过多负担下，有必要将一些初中学生接触过的这一方面的内容，做一下简单的归纳。英语中主动语态形式并不都表示主动意义，有时可表示被动意义，因为被动语态不如主动语态用得普遍，在不引起误解的情况下，可用主动语态表示被动意义。常见的有以下几种情况。一、某些表示状态特征的系动词，如：look，sound，smell，taste等用主动语态形式表示被动意义。如：This kind of cloth feels very soft.这种布料摸起来很软。The music sounds beautiful. 这音乐听起来很美。The cake smells nice. 这蛋糕闻起来香。The meat tastes terrible. 这肉尝起来变味了。二、表示某些“需要、要求”意义的动词，如need、want、require等后的动名词的主动语态形式表示被动意义。如：The bike needs mending. 这辆自行车需要修理。Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。The story requires reading carefully.这篇故事需要仔细阅读。三、形容词worth后接的动名词用主动语态形式表示被动意义。The book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得读。The clock isn’t worth repairing. 这闹钟不值得修。The film is worth seeing. 这部电影值得一看。四、作表语的形容词，如difficult，easy，hard，nice，possible，impossible等之后的不定式作状语时，用主动语态形式表示被动意义。此时，不定式表示的动作与其主语一般为动宾关系。如：Is English difficult to learn? 英语难学吗？The maths problem is not easy to work out.这道数学题不容易解。I think apples are nice to eat.我认为苹果好吃。五、某些动词，如：lock，open，sell，wash等，特别是与副词badly，easily，well等连用时，常常用主动语态形式表示被动意义。如：The door won’t lock. 这门锁不上。This kind of colour TV sells well. 这种彩电很畅销。Does the cloth wash well？这布耐洗吗？The shop opens at eight in the morning.商店早上八点开门。六、不定式作定语，与被修饰动词的名词或代词构成被动关系，表示被动意义。如：I have lots of homework to do today.今天我有许多家庭作业要做。I want to get something to drink. 我想弄点喝的。Would you like something to eat？你想要点吃的吗？当然“学无定法”，英语的学习不能靠死记规则，关键要提高语感，真正养成用英语思维的习惯，才能做到活学活用。
在某些特殊结构中，动名词可以用主动形式表示被动意义，这主要见于以下几种情况： 一、“需要”型 在need, want, require几个表示“需要”的动词后，英语习惯上用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。如： He needs encouraging. 他需要鼓励。 Your hair wants cutting. 你需要理发了。 The front gate requires mending. 前门需要修理。 从意义上看，以上三句的动名词均含有被动意味，但用的都是主动形式。不过，如果改用不定式，则要用被动式，如上面也可说成： He needs to be encouraged. 他需要鼓励。 Your hair wants to be cut. 你需要理发了。 The front gate requires to be mended. 前门需要修理。 二、“值得”型 这类词比较典型的有三个，它们是(be) worth, deserve, merit——它们后面跟的动名词习惯上要用主动式表示被动意义，不能直接使用被动式。如： The film is worth seeing twice. 这个片子值得看两遍。 None of it is worth keeping. 这东西一点儿也不值得保存。 They merit praising. 他们值得表扬 说明：从搭配上看，be worth 和merit 后只能跟动名词，不能跟不定式；而deserve 后则通常是接不定式的。如： They deserved to be congratulated. 他们值得祝贺。 She deserved to win because she was the best. 她有资格获胜，因为她是最优秀的。 只有当它后面所接动词具有被动意义时才可用动名词，且要用主动形式表示被动意义；此时若改成不定式，则要用被动形式。如： 我认为他的文章不值一读。 I don’t think his article deserves reading. =I don’t think his article deserves to be read.
动词的主动形式表示被动之意 一、系动词无被动语态：以主动形式表示被动之意 常见的系动词有： ①be 动词 ②. 起来（7 个）：look/seem/appear, feel（感觉，摸起来）,sou nd, smell, taste e.g. She seems/appears happy. It smells terrible. ③（逐渐）变得 /变成： become, grow, get, turn, come, go e.g. His wish has come true. People often went hungry in the old days. The tree is growing tall. ④保持： keep, stay e.g. We must keep quiet in the reading room. 二、下列动词（词组）没有被动式： 1、happen, take place, break out, belong to ,cost, take 2、不及物动词 sell, wash, read , write, open, close, shut, lock, wear 等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。 Ol、An accident was happened yesterday. （x）昨天发生了一起事故。 An accident happened yesterday. O2、 The flower smells sweet. 这花闻起来很香。 O3、 The watch looks good. 这表看起来很好。 O4、 This book sells well. 这本书畅销。 O5、 The kind of cloth washes well. 这种布很容易洗。 O6、 The article reads well. 这篇文章读起来很好。 O7、 The supermarket opens at 8:00 in the morning. 超市在早上八点钟营业。 08、The door won ' t close/sh这门关不上。 O9、 The door locks easily. 这门容易锁。
高一专题系列一被动语态 ●学而时习 语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。 ●知识点精讲透析 ●考点一主动语态“变性”被动语态 1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤： (1) 将主动句的宾语变为主语，如果主动句的宾语是代词，需变为主格。 (2) 将动词改为“be+过去分词”，be与新主语的人称和数一致，时态不变。 (3) 将主动语态的主语前加by放在谓语动词后，如果原主语是代词，要变为宾格。如： They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held（by them）yesterday. 他们昨天开会了。昨天举行了一个会议。 They won’t forgive me. → I won’t be forgiven by them. 他们不会原谅我的。我不会被他们原谅的。 2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项： (1) 主动句中的主语如果是people, we, you, they, somebody等含糊地表示“人们”、“大家”等，变为被动句时，通常删去“by…”，除非强调原主语。如： They set up this hospital in 1975. → This hospital was set up in 1975. 这所医院建于1975年。 Only he can finish the job. 只有他能完成这项工作。→ The job can be finished only by him.这项工作只能由他来完成。 (2) 含有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式，但多以间接宾语作主语。 Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。We were told the truth by Jack. The truth was told (to) us by Jack. (3) 含有宾语+宾语补足语的句子，变成被动句后原来的宾语补足语就成了主语补足语了；注意：不带to的不定式作宾语补足语时，变成被动时要加上to。 I heard Emily sing the song just now. → Emily was heard to sing the song just now. 我刚才听见艾米莉唱这首歌了。 (4) 含有宾语从句的主动句变为被动句，通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语，把宾语从句后置。 We have determined that the plan should be carried out soon. It has been determined that the plan should be carried out soon. 我们决定这项计划必须马上实施。 (5) 双重被动结构: 当某人或物成为两次动作的承受者时，要用双重被动结构。如： Parents often ask their children to do too much homework. The children are often asked to do too much homework. Too much homework is often asked to be done by the children.
英语主动表被动用法总结 一、谓语动词用主动表被动的五种情形 (1) 某些连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动，因为连系动词为不及物动词，它们没有被动语态形式： That dog looks dangerous. 那只狗看起来很危险。 Your idea sounds a good one. 你的想法听起来很好。 My advice proved to be wrong. 我的意见证实是错的。 (2) 当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义： The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。 The supermarket doors shut automatically. 超市的门是自动关的。 【注】该用法的不及物动词通常与can’t, won’t 等连用，注意它与用被动语态含义不同： The window won’t shut. 这窗户关不上。(说明主语的属性——窗户有问题了) The window won’t be shu t. 这窗户将不用关上。(窗户本身没问题，只是不用关) 有时可能用主动和被动形式均可，只是强调重点稍有不同： Suddenly the door opened. 突然门开了。(不强调动作执行者) The door was suddenly opened. 门突然被打开了。(强调动作执行者) (3) 当read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常要用主动形式表示被动意义： The cloth washes well. 这种布料好洗。 The book sells quickly. 这书销售得快。 This cheese doesn’t cut easily. It’s too soft. 这乳酪不容易切，太软了。 This shirt will wear very long. 这衬衫可以穿很久。 【注】该用法通常与well, easily, slowly, quickly等副词连用，并且在用于以上意思时通常不
主动形式表示被动含义的用法归纳 主动语态表示被动含义是学习语态的难点，也是高考考查的热点。现归纳如下： [考查热点1] 感官动词常用作系动词(如taste，feel，smell ，sound，look，smell等)，常用主动形式表示被动含义。例如：How sweet the music sounds! The flowers smell sweet． That sounds very reasonable． [考查热点2] 某些动词如cut，drive，pay，write，read，sell，keep，prove，weigh，number，drink，wear，pay，wash，open，cost，lock，last等常用主动形式表被动含义，这时常和well，easily，perfectly，badly，slowly等方式副词连用，这种用法多用来说明主语的特征、性质或所处的状态等。例如： The pen writes quite smoothly． The book sells well. [考查热点3]在too…to结构中常用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。例如： It's too good a chance to miss． [考查热点4] 有些及物动词如cook，burn，print，prepare等有时会用进行时态表示被动含义。例如： The potatoes are cooking． The dictionary is printing． [考查热点5] 在“need／want／require+V-ing”及“bear／stand+V-ing”结构中用动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，这时相当于不定式的被动式。例如： My car needs／wants／requires repairing．＝My car needs／wants／requires to be repaired． [考查热点6]在There be句型中，something，anything，nothing等不定代词以及名词之后的不定式往往用主动形式表示被动含义。例如： There is nothing to do — I'm bored． There are six letters to write tonight． [考查热点7] be+to blame／to seek等结构具有的特点是作表语的不定式与句子的主语有逻辑上的动宾关系，因而用主动形式表被动含义。例如： A better way is to seek. Nobody is to blame for the accident． [考查热点8] 当不定式所修饰的名词或代词是及物动词的直接宾语，而间接宾语是不定式的逻辑主语时，可以用不定式的主动式代替不定式的被动式。例如：
被动语态专项练习 一、选择题（2×15=30分） ( ) a new library _____ in our school last year A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build ( )2. An accident ____ on this road last week. A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened ( )（棉花）____ in the southeast of China. A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow ( ) far, the moon ____ by man already. ? A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited ( ) talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives ( ) many trees ____ this year A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted ( ) lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now. A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done ( ) ___ this kind of computers______ --Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used ( ) Great Wall ____ all over the world. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known ( ) _____ this book _____ A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written ( ) story _____ by Granny yesterday. A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us ( ) monkey was seen _____ off the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump ( ) school bag ___ behind the chair. A. puts B. can be put C. can be putted D. can put ( ) people ____ well. A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after ( ) teacher ______ carefully. A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened 二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。（1×20=20分）(请注意时态和语态两 ．．．．．．．．． 个方面噢 ．．．．) 's said(据说) that the long bridge______________（build）in two months．
动词不定式主动形式表示被动意义 1、look ，feel ,smell, sound, taste等系动词在句中做谓语 This coat feels very soft and smooth. Her voice sounds very pleasant.. The dishes taste delicious. 2.有些动词做不及物动词，用来表示主语的内在品性或性质。 如：wash, clean, cook, iron, cut , sell, read, wear, feel , draw, write , sell 等 The book sells well. This knife cuts easily. My new pen writes well. 3.在need , require, want , worth (adj )后的动名词可以主动表被动 The door needs repairing. This book is worth reading. Her mother is ill .She needs looking after. 4.在疑问词what/which/whom+不定式结构中，主动表被动 I don’t know which to choose . He asked me what to do . 5.在某些固定句型中, 动词不定式作定语, 用主动形式表被动意义。 1）have（give, show）sth. to do 在这种句型中的不定式与前边的名词有动宾关系, 又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系。例如: I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. to do与things是动宾关系, 与I是主谓关系。否则, 在表示被动意义时, 仍需要被动式。试比较: Have you anything to do this afternoon? 今天下午你有事要做吗? （to do是由you发出的） Have you anything to be taken to your parents? 你有要带给你父母的东西吗? （谁带不得而知） 再如: Please get me something to read. 请给我弄点读的材料。 He'll show you the right path to take. 他会给你指出要走的正确的路。 There is much work to do. Have you any questions to ask? Would you like something to drink? 2）It（This, That）＋be＋a／an＋adj. ＋ n. ＋to do 在这种句型中, 不定式与前面的名词有动宾关系。动词不定式可改为动词不定式复合结构。 例如: This is a difficult question to answer. 这是个难答的问题。 question与to answer为动宾关系。to answer可改为 for me to answer。
一、被动语态的构成形式 1. 被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成，be 随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时 Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2) has /have been done 现在完成时 All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start. 3) am/is /are being done 现在进行时 — A new cinema is being built here． 4) was/were done 一般过去时 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 5) had been done 过去完成时 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 6) was/were being done 过去进行时 A meeting was being held when I was there. 7) shall/will be done 一般将来时 | Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 8) should/would be done 过去将来时 The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived. 9) shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用） The project will have been completed before July. 10) should/would have been done 过去将来完成时（少用） He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon. 2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式
高中高考英语主动表被动强化练习题 1. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good ______. (08全国） A. to be breathed B. to breath C. breathing D. being breathed 2. If there’s a lot of work ______, I’m very happy to keep on until it is finished. (08上海) A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. doing 3. The surface of the table ______ smooth enough. A. hasn’t felt B. doesn’t feel C. isn’t feeling D. isn’t felt 4. I’ll come after the meeting if time ______. A. permits B. is permitting C. is permitted D. has permitted 5. When the speaker entered the hall, all the listeners ______. A. had seated B. were seated C. seated D. were seating 6. —Do you like the new pen? —Yes, it ______ very well. A. is written B. is writing D. Wrote C. writes 7. The notice ______ “No smoking.” A. is wrote B. reads C. writes D. is read 8. With a lot of problem to ______, the newly elected president is having a hard time.(02上海) A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled 9. In many people’s opinion, that company, thoug h relatively small, is pleasant .（四川2010-11） A. to deal with B. dealing with C. to be dealt with D. dealt with 10. Ladies and gentlemen, please remain ________ until the plane has come to a complete stop.（四川2009-4） A. seated B. seating C. to seat D. seat 11. These young seedlings will need ______ carefully. A. look after B. looking after C. to look after D. looked after 12. I found the car comfortable ______. A. to ride B. riding C. to ride in D. riding in 13. —Who is ______ for starting the fire？ —Sorry, I have no idea. A. to be blamed B. blaming D. being blamed D. to blame 14. He is said to be under ______ for stealing money. A. discussion B. arrest C. construction D. consideration 15. “Harry Potter” is worth ______, appealing to millions of teens. A. to read B. reading C. to be read D. being read