下载文档原格式
试卷一Paper One(90 minutes)Part I Dialogue Communication(10 minutes，10 points，1 for each) Section ADialogue CompletionDirections：In this section，you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers，each followed by 4 choices A，B，C and D.Choose the best answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.1.A：Could you install this equipment for me?B： e on.don’t you SCC I’m busy now?B.Unless you can help mc with my computerC.It’S very heavy.It’11 be ok ifyou can find another handD.Ifl were you.1 would do it myself2. A：Martin.congratulations on your winning such a great awardB：A.Oh，do you really think so?B.All the honor should go to my colleaguesC.You know，I have stayed up very late recentlyD.I have great confidence to win this time3. A.Do you know what happen to Jack?B：I don’t care what happen to himB：A.I know you feel ill ofhim，but he failed in the driving test againB.I know you arc fed up with him，but he is still fineC.Oh，you shouldn’t look up to himD.I know you feel sick of hearing his noxnc，but he was seriously injured in the car accident4. A.The phone bill was$1 60 this month.Someone must have made several international calls without keeping mc informedB：A.Wow.I don’t know you are such a stingy personB.You mean I did it when you were absent?C.I’m sorry.Mrs.Jones.I forgot to tell you that I called my girlfriend in Italy a couple of times.D.It’S none of my business.But I guess it’S Ted who did it，because he has a girlfriend inFrance.5. A：What do you think I should dress for the reception?B：A.Oh，just come asyou oreB.Do you really need to dress up yourselfC.Really?You will join the reception?D.Coat and tie.I’m sureSection BDialogue ComprehensionDirections：In this section，you will read 5 short conversations between a man and a woman.At the end of conversation there is a question followed by 4 choices marked A，B，C and D.Choose the best answer to the question by marking the corresponding letter with a single box across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.6. M：Mary.I bought an old vase for$10.but it turned out to be 500 years oldW：You’ve gotta be kidding.It must be imitationQ：What does the woman mean?A.The man is cracking ajoke on herB.It is impossible to buy a genuine antique for SO little moneyC.The man is out of his mind about the old vaseD.The man is run into a great fortune7. W：Hey.Frank.you look upset.Is it the problem with the project?M：Yeah.I can’t come up with the solutionQ：What’S wrong with the man?A.He con’t find a good idea about the problemB.He feels hopeless about the projectC.He has encountered another problemD.He is going to give up the project8.M：Call you come over for dinner tonight?W：I’m up to my ears in works.SO I’11 have to take a rain checkQ：What does the woman mean?A.She wants to check the weather before decidingB.She has a problem with her hearingC.She’d enjoy coming to dinner another timeD.She want the man to help her with some work9. M：I've got a C on the biology test.So I have to talk to the Professor to change itW：That will give you nowhere.The only thing you con do is to do it better next time Q：What does the woman mean?A.It’S useless to talk to the professorB.The professor is often unfairC.The man has done well enoughD.Theman call’t bebetter next time10.M：I Call’tputup with Josefatthe meeting.Itwas an insultto meW：But you should be outspoken about thisQ：What is the woman’S suggestion?A.The man should not say things like thatB.The man should fight backC.The moll should show his anger openlyD.The man should not complain openlyPart II Vocabulary(10 minutes，10 points，0.5 for each) Section ADirections：In this section there are Choose the one from the meaning of the sentence SHEET with a single line are ten sentences，each with one word or phrase underlined.four choices marked A，B，C and D that best keeps the.Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER through the center1 1.Consumer groups protesting againist prices in this city nowA.clothingB.clinging toplaining aboutD.clutching with12.They have announced that two failing firms have eventually emerged?ernedB.greetedmittedbined13.Two Substitutes were used the during the basketball gamesA.playersB.centersC.refereesD.replacements1 4.His plans should succeed without too much trouble，for it seems feasiblepleteB.decisiveC.daringD.possible1 5.Judgment was suspended till the following Monday because of the lack of the evidenceA.changedB.discussedC.postponermed16.The object for each other in the game of chess is to trap the other player’S king intoa positionfrom which escape is impossibleA.skillB.aimC.interestD.Difficulty1 7.the colors red，blue and yellow canbe.Mixed human eye con distinguishA.soakedB.rankedC.blendedD.purchased18.Annie’Sjob as an assistant at the university observatory was to classify stars according to their spectra.A.10cateB.photographC.drawD.categorize19.During the United States civil Nor，many people in the south were forced to flee their home.A.retum toB.pay taxes onC.run away fromD.rebuild20. It is reported that the policemen are pursuing the bank robbers in the country.A.appealing toB.chasingC.applying toD.claiming forSection BDirections：In this section，there are 10 incomplete sentences.For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A，B，C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding le~er on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.21.Oil is an important material which can be processed into molly different products，including plasticsA.rawB.bleakC.flexible D .fertile22.The high living standards of the US cause its present population to 25 percent of the world’S oil.A. assumeB.consume C .resume D .presume23.You shouldn’t be so I didn’t mean anything bad in what I saidA .sentimentalB .sensibleC .sensitiveD .sophisticated24.Picasso was an artist who fundamentally changed the of art for later genrations.A.philosophyB. concept C .viewpoint D .theme25.Member states had the option to——from this agreement with one year’S notice.A. deny B .object C .suspect D .withdraw26.The two countries achieved some progress in the sphere of trade relations，traditionallya source of irritation.A .mutualB .optional C. neutral D. parallel27.Williams had not been there during the moments when the kidnapping had taken place.A .superior B. rigorous C.vital D.unique28.Travel around Japan today，and one sees foreign residents a wide Of jobs .A .rangeB .field C. scale D. area35.Mayor Booker’S effort against crime seem to beA.idealisticC.effectiveB.impracticalD.fruitless36.The best title forthe passage may beA.Stop Shooting，Start Thinking，and KeepB.Efforts to Fight against Gun CrimesC.A Mission to Revitalize the CityD.Violent Murders in NewarkPassage TwoAccording to a recent survey on money and relationships，3 6 percent of people are keeping bank account from their partner.While this financial unfaithfulness may appear as distrust in relationship，in truth it may just be a form of financial protection .With almost half of all marriages ending in divorce，men and women are realizing they need to be financially savvy regardless of whether t11eY are in a relationship The financial hardship on individuals after a divorce Call be extremely difficult，even more so when children are involved.The lack of permanency in relationships，jobs and family life may be the cause of a growing trend to keep a secret bank account hidden from a partner;in other words，an’’escape fund”.Margaret’s story is far from unique.She is a representative of a growing number of women in long-term relationships who are becoming protective of their own earnings .Every month on pay day，she banks hundreds of dollars into a savings account she keeps from her husband.She has been doing this throughout their six-year marriage and has built a nest egg worth an incerdible $1 00，000 on top of her pension .Margaret says if her husband found out about her secret savings he’d hurt and would interpret this as a sign she wasn’t sure of the marriage.’’He’d think it was my escape fun so that financially I could afford to get out of the relationship if it went wrong.I know you should approach marriage as being forever and I hope ours is，but you can never be sure.’’Like many of her fellow secret savers，Margaret was stung in a former relationship and has since been very guarded about her own money .Coming clean to your partner about being a secret saver may not be all that bad.Take example，who had been saving secretly for a few years before she confessed to her partner.’’ decided to open a savings account and start building a nest egg of my own.1 wanted to prove to myself that I could put money in the bank and leave it there for a rainy day.’’“When John found out about my secret savings，he was a little suspicious of my motives.I reassured him that this was certainly not an escape fund that I feel very secure in out relationship.I have to admit that it does feel good to have my own money on reserve if ever there are rainy days in the future.It’s sensible to build and protect your personal financial security.’’37.The trend to keep a secret bank account is growing because .A.escape fund helps one through rainy daysB.days are getting harder and harderC.women are money sensitiveD.financial conflicts often occur3 8.The word：.saIiw”(Line2：Para 2)probably means .A.suspiciousC.shrewdB.secureD.simple39.W hat would Margaret’s husband probably do if he found out about her secret savings?A.breaks up with herB.builds anest eggforherC.interprets this as a divorcing signalD.escapes the wrong place40.Which inference coil we make about Margaret?A.She is a unique womanC.She is going to retireB.She was once divorcedD.She has many children41.The author mentions Colleen’s example to showA.any couple can avoid marriage conflictsB.privacy within marriage should be respectedC.everyone can save a fortune with a happy marriageD.financial disclosure is not necessarily bad42.Which of the following best summary this passage?A.Secret SaversC.Banking HonestyB. Love I Wat it’s WorthD.Once Bitten，Twice ShyThe word‘protection’is no longer taboo(禁忌语)”.This short sentence，uttered by French resident Nicolas Sarkozy last month，may have launched a new era in economic history.Why? or decades，Western leaders have believed that lowering trade barriers and tariffs was a natural ood.Doing so，they reasoned，would lead to greater economic efficiency and productivity，which in turn would improve human welfare.Championing free trade thus became a moral，not just an economic，cause.These leaders，of course，weren’t acting out of unselfishness.They knew their economies were the most competitive，so they’d profit most from liberalization.And developing countries feared that their economies would be swamped by superior Western productivity.Today，however，the tables have turned…though few acknowledge it.The West continues to preach free trade，but practices it less and n，meanwhile，continues to plead for special protection but practices more and more free trade .That’s why Sarkozy’s words were so important：he finally injected some honesty into the trade debates.The truth is that large parts of the West are losing faith in tree trade，though few leaders admit it.Some economists are more honest.Paul Krugman is one of the few willing to acknowledge that protectionist arguments are returning.In the short run，there will be winners and losers under free trade.This，of course，is what capitalism is all about.But more and more of these losers will be in the West，Economists in the developed world used to love quoting Jonoph Schumpeter，who said that‘creative destruction”was an essential part of capitalist growth.But they always assumed that destruction would happen over there.When Western workers began losing jobs，suddenly their leaders began to lose faitll in their principles，Things have yet to reverse com pletely.But there’s clearly a negative trend in a Western theory and practice .A little hypocrisy(虚伪)is not in itself a serious problem.The real problem is that Western governments continue to insist that they retain control of the key global economic and financial institutions while drifting away from global liberalization.Lock at what’s happening at the IMF (International Monetary Fund)The Europeans have demanded that t11eY keep the post of managing director.But all too often，Western officials put their own interests above everyone else’s when they dominate these global institutions .The time has therefore come for the Asians-who ore clearly the new winners in today’S global economy-to provide more intellectual leadership in supporting free trade：Sadly，they have yet to do SO.Unless Asians speak out，however，there’S a real danger that Adam Smith’S principles，which have brought SO much good to the world，could gradually die.And that would leave all of US，worse off,in one way or another .43.It can be in ferred that“protection”(Line 1，Para.1)meansA improving economic efficiencyB.ending the free-trade practiceC.10wering moral standardD.raisingtradetariffs44.The Western leaders preach free trade becauseA.it is beneficial to their economiesB.it is supported by developing countriesC.it makes them keep faith in their principlesD.it is advocated by Joseph Schumpeter and Adam45.By“the tables have turned”(Line 3-4，Para.2)theA.the Western leaders have turned self-centered Smith author implies thatB.the Asian leaders have become advocates of free tradeC.the developed economies have turned less competitiveD.the developing economies have become more independent46.The Western economies used to like the idea of“creative destruction’’because itA.set a long-term rather than short-turn goalB.was an essential part of capitalist developmentC.contained a positive rather than negative mentalityD.was meant to be the destruction of developing economies47.The author uses“IMF’’was an example to illustrate the point thatA.European leaders are reluctant to admit they are hypocriticalB.there is an inconsistency between Western theory and practiceC.global institutions are not being led by true globalization advocatesD.European countries’interests are being ignored by economic leaders48.Which of the following is true about Asians?ns have to speak out the protectionns have demand that they keep the post of managersns succeed in today’S globa l economyns succeed by Adam Smith’S principlesNames have gained increasing importance in the competitive world of higher education.As colleges strive for market share，they are looking for names that proj ect the image they want or reflect the changes they hope to make.Trenton.State College，for example，became the College of New Jersey nine years ago when it began raising admissions standards and appealing to students from throughout the state.“All I hear in higher education is，‘Brand，brand，b rand’said Tim Westerbeck，who specializes in branding and is managing director of Lipman Hearne，a marketing firm based in Chicago that works with universities and other nonprofit organizations.“There has been a sea change over the last l 0 years.Marketing u sed to be almost a dirty word in higher education.”Not all efforts at name changes are successful，of course.In 1997，the New School for Social Research became New School University to reflect its growth into a collection of eight colleges，offering a list of maj ors that includes psychology，music，urban studies and management.But New Yorkers continued to call it the New Sch001.Now，after spending arl undisclosed sum on an online survey and a marketing consultant’s creation of“haming structures.’’“brand architecture’’and“identity systems.’’the university hascome up with a new name：the New Sch001.Beginning Monday，it will adopt new logon(标识)，banners，business cards and even new names for the individual colleges，all to include the words“the New Sch001.’’Changes in names generally reveal significant shifts in how a college wants to be perceived.In altering its name from Cal State.Hayward，to Cal State，East Bay，the university hoped to project its expanding role in two mostly suburban countries east of San Francisco.The University of Southern Colorado，a state institution，became Colorado State University at Pucblo two years ago，hoping to highlight many internal changes，including offering more graduate programs and setting higher admissions standards.Beaver College turned itself into Arcadia University in 200 1 for several reasons：to break the connection with its past as a women’s college，to promote its growth into a full-fledged(完全成熟的)university and officials acknowledged，to eliminate some jokes about the coll ege’s old name on late-night television and‘'morning ZOO”radio shows.Many college officials said changing a name and image could produce substantial results.At Arcadia，in addition to the rise in applications，the average students’test score has increased by 60points，Juli Roebeck，arl Arcadia spokeswoman said.49.which of the following is NOT the reason for colleges to change their names?A .They prefer higher education competitionB .They try to gain advantage in market shareC .They want to proj ect their imageD .They hope to make some changes50.It is implied that one ofthe most significant changes in highter education in the past decade isA.the brand.B .the college namesC .the concept of marketingD. list ofmajors.5 1.What happened to New School for Social Research?A.It is renamed by New YorkersB.It Offers a list ofbooksC.It contains management and MBA courseD.Its new name is not Successful52.The phrase”come up with”(Line 3 Para 4)probably meansA.catchupwithB.dealwithC.putforwarde to the realization53 The case of name changing from Cal State Hayward to Cal State indicates that the universityA .is perceived by the societyB. hopes to expand its influenceC.prefers to reform its reaching programsD.expects to enlarge its campus54.According to the spokeswoman the name change of Beaver CollegeA .turns out very successfulB. fails to attain its goalC. has eliminated some jokesD. has trlsformed its statusIt looked just like another aircraft from the outside The pilot told his young passengers that it was built in 1964.But appearances were deceptive and the 13 students from Europe and the USA who boarded the aircraft were in for the flight of their livesInside the area that normally had seats had become a long white tunnel.Heavily padded(填塞) from floor to ceiling it looked a bit strange.There were almost no windows，but lights along the padded walls illuminated it.Most of the seats had been taken out apart from a few at the back where the young scientists quickly took their places with a look of fear .For 12 months，science students from across the continents had competed to win a place on the flight at the invitation of the European Space Agency.the challenge had been to suggest imaginative experiments to be conducted in weightless conditions .For the next two hours the flight resembled that of an enornlous bird which had lose its reason，shooting upwards towards the heavens before rushing towards Earth.The invention was to Achieve weightlessness for a few seconds .The aircraft took off smoothly enough.But any feelings that I and the young scientists had that we were on anything like a scheduled passenger service were quickly dismissed when the pilot put the plane into a 45 degree climb which lasted around 20 seconds.Then the engines cut out and we became weightless.Everything become confused and left or right.Up or down no longer had any meaning.after ten seconds of flee fall descent the pilot pulled the aircraft out of its nosedive.The return of gravity was less immediate than its loss.but was still sudden enough to ensure that some students came down with a bumpEach time the pilot cut the engines and we became weightless.A new team conduct it experience.First it was the Dutch who wanted to discover how it is that cats always land on their feet.then the German team who conducted a successful experiment on a traditional building method to see if could be used for building a further space station.the Americans had 3.11 idea to create solar sails that could be used by satellitesAfter two hours of going up and down in the lane doing their experiments，the predominate feeling was one of excitement rather than sickness.Most of the students thought it was unforgettable experience and one they would be keen to repeat .55.what did the writer say about the plane?A .Ithadno seats.B. It was painted whiteC. It had no windowsD. The outside was misleading.5 6.according to the writer，how did the young scientists feel before the flight?A.sickB.keenC.nervousD.impatient57.According to the passage，what can be concluded about European Space Agency?A.It produces air-planesB.It sends invitationsC.It trains students from across the continentsD.It conducts imaginative experiments58.what did the pilot do with the plane after it took off?A.He quickly climbed and then stopped the enginesB.He climbed and them made the plane fall slowly.C.He took off normally and then cut the engines for 20 secondsD.He climbed and then made the plane turn over59.Acoording to the passage，the purpose ofbeing weightless was toA.see what conditions bare like in spaceB.prepare the youngC.show thejudges of the competition what they could doD .make the teams try out their ideas60.this passage was written toA.encourage young people to take up scienceB.describe the process of a scientific competitionC.show scientists what young people can doD.report on a new scientific techniquePart IV Cloze(15 minutes，15 points，1 for each)Directions：In this part，there is a passage with 15 blanks.For each blank there are 4 choices marked A，B，C and D.Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center .Most people who travel long distances complain ofjetlag(喷气飞行时差反应).Jetlag makes business travelers less productive and more prone 6l making mistakes.It is actually caused by disruption of your‘'body clock” a small cluste r of brain cells that controls the timing of biological 62 .The body clock is de-signed for a一63一rhythm of daylight and darkness，so that it is thrown out of balance when it experiences daylight and darkness at the‘'wrong”times in a new time zone.The 64 ofj etlag often persist for days 65 the internal body clock slowly adjusts to the new time zone.Now a new a_nti-jetlag system is 66 that is based on proven extensive pioneering scientitic research Dr.Martin Moore-Ede has devised a practical strategy to adjust the body clock much sooner to the new time zone 67 controlled exposure to bright light.The time zone shift is easy toaccomplish and eliminates 68 of the discomfort ofjetlag.A succesful time zone shift depends on knowing the exact times to either 69 or avoid bright light.Exposure to light at the wrong time can actually make jetlag worse.The proper schedule 70 light exposure depends a great deal 011 7l travel plans.Data on a specific flight itinerary(旅行路线)and the individual’s sleep 72 are used to pro duce a Trip Guide with 73 .on exactly when to be exposed to bright light.Whell the Trip Guide calls 74 bright light you should spend time outdoors if possible.If it is dark outside，or the weather is bad， 75 you are on an aeroplane，you Carl use a special light device to provide the necessary light stimulus for a range of activities such as reading，watching TV or working.61.A.for B.from C.to D.of62.A.actions B.Functions C.reflection D.behavior63.A.regular B.formal C.continual D.circular64.A.diseases B.symptoms C.Sings D.defects65.A.While B.Where C.if D.although66.A.adaptable B.approachable C.available D.agreeable67.A.at B.through C.acailable D .agreeable68.A.most B.least C.Little D.more69.A.artain B.shed C.retrieve D.seek70.A.on B.with C.for D. in71.A.unique B.Specific C. Complicated D .peuliar72.A.Norm B .instructions C .pattern D.style73.A.directories B.insructions C.Specifications D. commentaries74.A.Off B.on C .for D.up75.A.or B .and C .but D .while试卷二Paper Two(60 minutes)Part I Translation(30 minutes，20 points，10 for each section) Section ADirection：Translate the following passage into Chinese.Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.In the spirit of frankness which I hope will characterize our talks this week，let US recognize at the outset these points：we have at times in the past been enemies.We have differences today What brings US together is that we have common interests which transcend those differences.As we discuss our differences，neither of US will compromise ourprinciples.But while we cannot lose the gulf between US，we can try to bridge it SO that we may be able to talk across itSection BDirection：Translate the following passage into English.Write your translation on the ANSWERSHEET.中国作为疆域辽阔、人口众多、历史悠久的国家，应该对人类有较大的贡献。
中山大学中国语言文学系2011年现代汉语与语言学概论（代码613）真题及详解一、单项选择题（20分）在每小题列出的各个选项中，只有一个选项是符合题目要求的，请把答案写在答题纸上，注明题号。
1．下列汉字音节中，主要元音是舌面、前、半高、不圆唇元音的是________A．月B．对C．论D．界2．下列各组字中韵腹相同的是________。
A．问、军、肯、坤B．料、到、当、雅C．依、市、吉、迎D．桂、非、文、言3．下列加着重号的词语在句子中的比喻意义不是该词的固定义项的是________。
A．我们要避开市民出行的高峰．．。
B．党员要做党和广大群众联系的桥梁．．C．改革开放的春风吹遍了祖国大地。
．．为自己谋利益。
D．他打着政府的招牌．．4．下列句子中的“得”，属于助动词的是________。
A．这件事我不想干，免得添麻烦。
B．你不干也得干！C．老干那么多吃得消吗？D．没办法，这阵子大家都忙得晕头转向。
5．下列短语中不是谓词性短语的是________。
A．清新自然B．飞也似的C．为广大群众D．轻轻旋转6．下列句子中补语的语义指向主语的是________。
A．我写好了两篇文章。
B．天热得令人难受。
C．你要弄清楚他的意图。
D．猫把鸟儿吓跑了。
7．汉字“爱/阿/盎/案/奥”的汉语拼音分别是“ài/à/àng/àn/ào”，它们的拼式中都有一个共同的字母ɑ。
但实际上ɑ在以上各字中代表着不同的音位变体。
请问以上五字中含有几个拼音字母ɑ的音位变体？A．1个B．2个C．3个D．4个8．下列各组词中属于纯粹的借词的是________。
A．电话咖啡电视B．咖喱可乐蛇果C．吉普坦克手机D．沙发麦克风拷贝9．下列各词中附加色彩与其他词不同的是________。
A．大娘B．老大爷C．老头D．大妈10．下列各项中不是词缀的是________。
A．“worker”（工人）中的“er”（work：工作）B．“老板”中的“老”C．“working”（工作）中的“ing”D．“阿姨”中的“阿”二、多项选择题（20分）每题作出2项以上的选择，把答案写在答题纸上，注明题号。
浙江师范大学2011年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题(A卷)科目代码:831科目名称:中国文学
适用专业:050101文艺学、050105中国古代文学、050106中国现当代文学、05010 8比较文学与世界文学
提示：
1、请将所有答案写于答题纸上，写在试题上的不给分；
2、请填写准考证号后6位：____________。
一、名词解释题（共4小题，每小题5分，共20分）
1．古诗十九首 2．唐宋派 3．“文化散文” 4．《我们夫妇之间》
二、简答题（每小题15分，共60分；其中古代文学3小题，任选2题；现代文学3小题
，任选2题）
1．试论《战国策》的艺术特点。
2．试论陶渊明田园诗的艺术风格。
3．宋词繁荣的主要表现有哪些？
4．简论新月派诗歌理论。
5．简论梁实秋散文艺术特色。
6．简论赵树理农村小说创作特色。
三、论述题（每题35分，共70分，其中古代文学2题，任选1题；现代文学2
题，任选1题）
1．论盛唐诗歌的主要成就。
2．论《聊斋志异》的主要思想内容和艺术成就。
3．试结合具体作品阐论鲁迅对中国小说现代化的独特贡献。
4．试结合具体作品论述王朔小说的独特性。
第1页，共1页。
青岛大学医学院2011年同等学力人员申请硕士学位外国语水平和学科综合水平全国统一考试工作的通知根据国务院学位学位委员会办公室[2011] 1号、教育部学位与研究生教育发展中心[2011] 3号、鲁学位办[2011] 1号和青岛大学研究生处研在职字[2011]1号等关于做好2011年同等学力人员申请硕士学位外国语水平和学科综合水平考试工作的相关通知精神，现将我校2011年同等学力人员申请硕士学位外国语水平和学科综合水平全国统一报名考试工作的有关事宜通知如下：一、报名考试工作日程安排3月31日之前，考生下载《同等学力人员申请硕士学位全国统一考试资格审查表》（附件1，以下简称《资格审查表》），下载网址：/xwyyjsjyxx/zzgs/tdxltk）一式两份，贴近期同底片二寸免冠照片各1张，接受硕士学位申请单位资格审查。
3月10日至4月1日，网上报名。
考生登陆： 填写、提交报名信息，请务必记住网报编号和密码（用于现场照相和准考证网上下载）。
只在网上提交报名信息，未在规定时间内到指定地点办理照相、缴费及确认等相关手续的，本次报名无效。
3月22日前，医学院资格审查范围：选择在青岛大学以外报名点报名的考生或由所在研究生教学点统一办理的考生。
3月28日至3月31日，医学院资格审查范围：选择在“青岛大学”现场报名点报名的考生。
4月2日至3日，现场报名。
须考生本人凭资格审查表和第二代居民身份证或护照进行报名。
一般5月初至5月29日，考生登陆报名网站下载准考证副本，具体以报名所在地省级学位办通知为准。
5月29日（星期日），考生凭准考证副本和第二代居民身份证或护照参加考试。
上午9时至11时30分为外国语水平考试时间；下午14时30分至17时30分为学科综合水平考试时间。
届时省学位办根据报名人数集中安排考场，具体考试地点等安排见本人准考证。
大约8月上旬，考试成绩公布。
考生查询、核查考试成绩的方法见中国学位与研究生教育信息网（）相关说明。
2011年北京语言大学汉语国际教育硕士考研真题及答案解析现在汉语国际教育考研趋于白热化时期，竞争异常激烈。
所以，很多非名校的学生总是处于惆怅复杂的心态之下，阻挡了前进的步伐。
在此，提醒广大考生：心态是考研是否成功的重要因素。
同学们在考研路上遇到了难以解决的问题，请同学们想起育明，育明每年培养出众多全国高校汉硕的研究生，其中包括不少初试复试状元。
考研选择了育明就选择正确的团队伴你一起备战：一个人不可能完成的事业，多人齐心协力众志成城铸造成功。
育明教育倾心为全国汉硕考生打造价值2500元的精品视频课程，包括汉硕考研两门专业课内容深度讲解，涵盖了全部考点。
同时育明教育随视频赠送相应考研资料（状元笔记、历年真题及解析）。
整套汉硕秘籍适用于全国非名校，本专业成绩一般，跨专业基础薄弱，但都梦想着专业课考出高分的学子们。
2014年汉语国际教育视频课程+近三年真题+状元笔记+公共课阅卷人一对一指导=2500元7月1日前报名，8折优惠历年考研真题资料是十分珍贵的,研究真题有利于大家从中分析出题人的思路和心态,因为每年专业课考试不管在题型还是在内容上都有很高的相似度，考研学子们一定要予以重视。
汉语国际教育基础一、壹中外文化及跨文化交际基础知识（共80分）填空题（每小题1分，共30分）颜体字是指唐代著名书法家（）所创立的楷体书法。
答案：颜真卿著名书法作品《兰亭集序》的作者是（）。
答案：王羲之“孔子学院”是海外推广中国语言和文化的重要基地，其英文是（）。
答案：Confucious Institute 中国近代史上较早介绍世界的专著是《海国图志》的作者是（）。
答案：魏源马头琴是（）族的名族乐器。
答案：蒙古第一位访问新中国的美国总统是（）。
答案：尼克松《格萨尔王》的中国（）族的长篇英雄史诗。
答案：藏明清时期，科举考试分为乡试，会试和（）。
答案：殿试《最后的晚餐》是画家（）的著名绘画作品之一。
答案：达芬奇清代时期，乾隆皇帝组织编撰看中国历史上最大的一般丛书（）。
2011年同等学力申硕临床医学学科综合水平考试真题及详解A1型题（1～70题）答题说明每一道考题下面都有A、B、C、D、E五个备选答案，请从中选择一个最佳答案。
1．以自身调节为主的生理过程是（）。
A．腱反射B．血压稳定C．胃液分泌D．肾血流量稳定E．血糖稳定【答案】D【解析】肾脏血流的自身调节指动脉血压在80～180mmHg范围内变化时，肾脏血流量维持不变的现象。
肾血流量自身调节的机制：肌源性正常情况下，通过自身调节，可保持肾血流量相对稳定。
2．经过继发主动转运跨越细胞膜的物质是（）。
A．氧气B．钾离子C．氯离子D．脂肪酸E．葡萄糖【答案】E【解析】葡萄糖在小肠黏膜上皮的吸收和在近端肾小管上皮的重吸收都是通过Na＋-葡萄糖同向转运体实现的。
其中，Na＋在上皮细胞顶端膜两侧浓度梯度和（或）电位梯度的作用下，被动转入胞内；葡萄糖分子则在Na＋进入细胞的同时逆浓度梯度被带入胞内。
3．直接引起运动神经突触前膜释放神经递质的因素是（）。
A．钠离子B．钾离子C．钙离子D．乙酰胆碱E．动作电位【答案】C【解析】神经-骨骼肌接头处的兴奋传递的过程：兴奋到达神经末梢→膜外Ca2＋内流→神经末梢释放递质（Ach）→Ach扩散到终板膜与N2型受体结合→终板膜对Na＋通透性升高→产生终板电位（局部电位）→使周围肌膜除极达到阈电位→肌细胞产生动作电位。
4．血浆与血清的差别主要表现在有无（）。
A．白蛋白B．纤维蛋白原C．免疫球蛋白D．糖蛋白E．血浆蛋白【答案】B【解析】血清为血液凝固析出的淡黄色透明液体。
在凝血过程中，纤维蛋白原转变为纤维蛋白参与凝血，所以血清中无纤维蛋白原，这一点是与血浆最大的区别。
5．最常见的输血反应是（）。
A．溶血反应B．循环超负荷C．细菌污染反应D．非溶血性发热反应E．过敏反应【答案】D【解析】非溶血性发热是最常见的输血反应，发生率可达40%以上。
6．自律性最高的细胞是（）。
A．窦房结细胞B．心房肌细胞C．房室交界细胞D．浦氏细胞E．心室肌细胞【答案】A【解析】心内特殊传导系统中各部分心肌细胞都具有自律性，以窦房结P细胞的自律性为最高，每分钟约100次，但由于受心迷走神经紧张的影响，其自律性表现为每分钟70次左右；房室结和房室束每分钟分别约50次和40次；末梢浦肯野细胞的自律性最低，每分钟约25次。
2011年同等学力人员申请硕士学位学科综合水平统一考试《临床医学》试卷(A卷)(总分：100.00，做题时间：150分钟)一、考生须知 (总题数：1，分数：0.00)二、（A1 型题） (总题数：70，分数：35.00)1.以自身调节为主的生理过程是（分数：0.50）A.腱反射B.血压稳定C.胃液分泌D.肾血流量稳定√E.血糖稳定D 自动调节为主的器官有两个：肾与脑望同学们记住腱反射是单突触神经反射 ,并记住负反馈与正反馈的几个具体例子2.经过继发主动转运跨越细胞膜的物质是（分数：0.50）A.氧气B.钾离子C.氯离子D.脂肪酸E.葡萄糖√E 请大家记住各常见物质的转运方式葡萄糖、氨基酸继发性主动重吸收 (与 Na+的重吸收相关联 )继发性主动转运所需的能量是来自其它溶质顺电化学梯度转运时释放的3.直接引起运动神经突触前膜释放神经递质的因素是（分数：0.50）A.钠离子B.钾离子C.钙离子√D.乙酰胆碱E.动作电位C 钙离子是引起运动神经突触前膜释放神经递质的因素，记忆！4.血浆与血清的差别主要表现在有无（分数：0.50）A.白蛋白B.纤维蛋白原√C.免疫球蛋白D.糖蛋白E.血浆蛋白B 由于凝血过程的消耗，血清中缺乏纤维蛋白原和某凝血因子，如第二，五，八，十二等因子。
5.最常见的输血反应是（分数：0.50）A.溶血反应B.循环超负荷C.细菌污染反应D.非溶血性发热反应√E.过敏反应D 记忆题最常见的是发热反应，最严重的是溶血反应。
6.自律性最高的细胞是（分数：0.50）A.窦房结细胞√B.心房肌细胞C.房室交界细胞D.浦氏细胞E.心室肌细胞A 记忆题自律性最高的细胞是窦房结细胞，房室交界区结区传导最慢，浦式细胞传导性最快。
7.心室收缩处于心肌兴奋变化周期的（分数：0.50）A.绝对不应期√B.有效不应期C.相对不应期D.超常期E.低常期8.胸内负压形成的原因是（分数：0.50）A.两层胸膜紧贴在一起运动B.胸廓扩大缩小运动C.肺弹性回缩√D.肺内大气压变化E.呼吸肌舒缩活动C 原因是肺的弹性回缩，条件是两胸膜密闭状态，肺通气的原动力是节律性呼吸运动，直接动力是其压力差。
2011年同等学力申硕《法学学科综合水平考试》真题及详解说明：从2012年开始，本考试已不再考查填空题、判断题。
一、判断题（每小题1分，共8分。
判断下列各命题是否正确）1．法律制度设计必须符合市场经济机制的内在要求，不应对其加以限制或制约。
（）【答案】错误【考点】法律制度与经济体制的关系【解析】市场经济之下，各类市场主体的活动、各种市场要素的相互作用是纷繁复杂的。
要使这些活动有序的进行，需要一系列法律规则的规制。
现代市场经济是法治经济，市场经济的发展孕育了法治的精神和社会基础，法治为市场经济的发展提供了制度保障：①法律为市场提供了充分的权利和自由；②法律为市场提供了受限的政府；③法律提供了公平的竞争秩序。
2．所有公民都平等地享有法律权利意味着他们实现了实质意义上的平等。
（）【答案】错误【考点】公民权利平等【解析】平等，即同等对待，包括形式平等和实质平等。
形式平等，就是不考虑主体本身各种自然的、社会的、历史的和现实的具体情况差别，而适用同一评价和处遇标准，即无差别对待。
实质平等，就是考虑主体本身的各种自然的和社会的、历史的和现实的各种具体情况与境遇的差别事实，而相应地适用差别性的评价和处遇标准，即有差别地对待，以使有差别的主体之间在事实上和实质上能够得到真正同等的对待。
在现代社会，主体法律地位的平等乃是法律的基本特色，这是法律的形式平等的最重要的体现，也是法律的实质平等的基本前提。
3．权利与义务相区别的前提条件是不同主体间利益的分离。
（）【答案】错误【考点】权利与义务【解析】法律权利反映一定物质生活条件所制约的行为自由，是法律所允许的权利人为了满足自己的利益而采取的，有其他人的法律义务所保证的法律手段。
法律义务反映一定物质生活条件所制约的社会责任，是法律所规定的义务人应该按照权利人要求从事一定行为或不行为，以满足权利人的利益的法律手段。
4．“依法治国”不应排斥“以德治国”。
（）【答案】正确【考点】依法治国【解析】社会主义法与社会主义道德之间存在着相互促进、相辅相成的关系。
2011年同等学力人员申请硕士学位学科综合水平统一考试《心理学》试卷(总分：100.00，做题时间：150分钟)一、考生须知(总题数：1，分数：0.00)二、单项选择题（每小题1 分，共20 分）(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.以下四个色块中饱和度最高的是_______。
（分数：1.00）A.粉色B.鲜红C.灰色D.黄褐2.关于神经冲动的正确说法是_______。
（分数：1.00）A.在神经元内部神经冲动沿着轴突到树突的方向传导B.在神经元之间神经冲动借助神经递质完成传递C.神经冲动的电传导与电线内电流的速度一样快D.神经纤维的髓鞘化会减缓神经元内的电传导速度3.注视一个红色正方形一分钟后，将视线转向白墙时看到了一个绿色正方形，这种现象称为_______。
（分数：1.00）A.视觉适应B.视觉对比C.马赫带D.后像4.首次提出人格特质理论的心理学家是_______。
（分数：1.00）A.奥尔波特（Allport）B.卡特尔（Cattell）C.艾森克（Eysenck）D.荣格（Jung）5.对用米尺测得的一组运动员的身高数据进行统计处理，通常_______。
（分数：1.00）A.不可加减乘除B.可以加减乘除C.可以乘除，不可以加减D.可以加减，不可乘除6.以三种不同的授课方式对经随机分班的学生分别授课，若检查三种授课方式的效果是否存在差异，通常使用_______。
（分数：1.00）A.Z 检验B.独立样本t 检验C.方差分析D.配对样本t 检验7.用离差智商描述个人智力水平的测试工具是_______。
（分数：1.00）A.韦克斯勒量表B.瑞文测验C.贝雷婴儿发展量表D.丹佛发展筛选测验8.“知道了一个人说话粗俗，就认为他也胆大妄为，不守信用。
”能够对此做出较好解释的理论观点是_______。
（分数：1.00）B.归因理论C.内隐人格理论D.刻板印象9.在具有高度凝聚力的小组中，容易出现为保持意见一致而使不同意见和评论受到压制的现象称为_______。
2011年北京大学中国语言文学系615中国现当代文学考研真题（回忆版）及答案说明：因本套真题为回忆版，所以只有现代文学部分的考题，当代文学部分考题暂无，若有更新可通过免费升级获得。
一、名词解释（5′*6）1．学衡派答：学衡派是反对新文学运动的封建复古派，因1922年创办的《学衡》杂志而得名。
主要撰稿者有梅光迪、胡先辅、吴宓等人。
他们主张“论究学术，阐求真理，昌明国粹，融化新知”，鼓吹复古，鼓吹文言优于白话，诬蔑白话“以叙说高深之理想，最难剀切简明”，极力主张言文不能合一。
以柳诒征为南雍双柱之一的南京大学，是现代儒学复兴的策源地；以其为国学支柱的学衡派，成为后世新儒家的学术滥觞。
2．《新月》杂志答：《新月》杂志是新月社于1928年3月10日在上海创办的月刊。
徐志摩、罗隆基、胡适、梁实秋等任编辑，它的创办标志着新月社开始重新活动。
杂志主要发表新月派诗人的作品和理论。
1931年11月，新月社代表人物徐志摩机坠身亡，新月社活动渐衰。
1933年6月，《新月》杂志出至第4卷第7期停刊，新月社宣告解散。
3．三一律答：三一律是西方戏剧结构理论之一，是一种关于戏剧结构的规则。
它是古典主义戏剧的艺术法则，要求戏剧创作在时间、地点和情节三者之间保持一致性，即要求一出戏所叙述的故事发生在一天之内，地点在一个场景，情节服从于一个主题。
“三一律”在政治上符合君主专制政体的要求，在艺术上既体现了时间和空间方面高度简练、紧凑、集中等优点，但又存在人物性格单一化、类型化，戏剧结构上绝对化、程式化等弱点，最终束缚了戏剧艺术的发展，为后人所摒弃。
4．“纯诗”答：“纯诗”，即纯粹的诗歌，是早期象征派诗人穆木天于1926年在《谭诗——寄沫若的一封信》中提出的诗学观点。
“纯诗”追求诗的纯粹性和暗示性，主张诗歌观念的转化，诗歌要从抒情表意的“表达”功能转向自我感觉的“表现”功能。
在诗人李金发、穆木天等人提出的纯诗思想的影响下，《为幸福而歌》、《微雨》等诗集风靡一时，象征诗取代格律诗引领新诗发展。
武汉大学
2011年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（学术型学位）
（满分值150分）
科目名称：语言学理论 A卷科目代码：633
注意：所有内容必须答在答题纸上，凡答在实体或草稿纸上的一律无效。
一、辨析下列术语（5小题，每题9分，共45分）
1、语言符号的任意性和约定性
2、自然语言和算法语言
3、构词语素和构形语素
4、音质音位和非音质音位
5、句法同义和句法多义
二、简要回答下列问题（3小题，每题15分，共45分）
1、为什么说从音位到语素，是语言分层装置里最关键的接合部？
2、词义引申大体可分为隐喻和换喻两种，换喻引申和隐喻引申有什么不同？试举例说明。
3、社会方言和地域方言的根本区别是什么？二者之间有联系吗？为什么？
三、论述题（3小题，共60分）
1、“这本书看了三天”和“这本书看了三天了”在意义上有什么不同？西方人学习汉语，常常感到汉语的语法规则太活，不好琢磨，甚至有人认为汉语是落后的语言，而汉人学习西方语言，也不习惯它们的变格、变位，感到它们的结构牵丝攀藤，重复而又麻烦，甚至有的人认为汉语是最先进的语言。
对这些问题，你怎么看？（18分）
2、试述书面语的特点及其与口语的关系。
（18分）
3、简要论述语言融合的性质、原因、类型以及英语学习对汉语的影响。
（24分）。
2011年-同力申硕-教育学-真题（含参考答案）一、单项选择题（每小题1.5分，共30分）1.教育学的研究任务是（ ）A．研究教育现象 B. 解决教育问题C．揭示教育规律 D. 总结教育经验2.“实验教育学”的代表人物是（ ）。
A．涂尔干 B. 克伯屈C．杜威 D. 梅伊曼3.“孟母三迁”的故事说明了影响人发展的重要因素是（ ）A．遗传 B. 环境C．教育 D. 人的主观能动性4.结构主义课程论的代表人物是（ ）A．凯洛夫 B. 布鲁纳C．布鲁姆 D. 泰勒5.“一把钥匙开一把锁”运用在教育中是强调（ ）A．因材施救 B. 教育影响的一致性和连贯性C．理论联系实际 D. 在集体中教育6.中国古代的太学制度创立于（ ）A．西周 B. 秦朝C．西汉 D. 唐朝7.中国儒家经典“四书”是指（ ）A．《大学》、《中庸》、《孝经》、《论语》B．《论语》、《孟子》、《诗经》、《尚书》C．《大学》、《中庸》、《论语》、《春秋》D．《大学》、《中庸》、《孟子》、《论语》8.由维新派创立的学校是（ ）A．京师同文馆 B. 万木草堂C．爱国学社 D. 南洋公学9.提出教育的最高目标是培养哲学王的教育家是（ ）A．苏格拉底 B. 亚里士多德C．柏拉图 D. 夸美纽斯10.近代欧洲自然主义教育思想的代表人物是（ ）A．卢梭 B. 洛克C．赫尔巴特 D. 斯宾塞11.个体利用已有的认知结构将新的刺激整合进自己的认知结构的过程称为（ ）A．同化 B. 顺应C．平衡 D. 整合12.根据弗洛伊德的个性发展理论，男孩出现恋母情结的阶段是（ ）A．肛门期 B. 性器期C．潜伏期 D. 生殖器13.“普雷马克原理”是指（ ）A．利用高频活动去强化高频活动B. 利用高频活动去强化低频活动C．利用低频活动去强化高频活动D. 利用低频活动去强化低频活动14.最早提出中间变量的概念，将S-R 改成了S-O-R 的心理学家是（ ）A．华生 B. 斯金纳C．苛勒 D. 托尔曼15.个体在群体意识的影响下，失去或削弱自我导向的功能和责任感，个性状态相对丧失，这一现象称为（ ）A．群体极化 B. 去个性化C．从众 D. 社会惰化16.按照行为目标，教育测验可分为智力测验、能力倾向测验、成就测验和（ ）A．职业倾向测验 B. 个性测验C．态度测验 D. 情绪测验17.教育科学研究质量评价的内容包括目标评价、过程评价、成果评价和（ ） A．理论评价 B. 效益评价C．方法评价 D. 条件评价18.按调查对象的范围，调查研究可分为典型调查、普通调查、抽样调查、个案调查和（ ）。
2011年复旦大学中国语言文学系809中外文学与文艺理论考研真题（回忆版）
中外文学部分
一、名词解释。
1．冯至《十四行诗》
2．魔幻现实主义
3．花间集
二、简答题。
1．简述曹禺戏剧创作对西方戏剧的借鉴和创新。
2．简述卢梭对欧洲浪漫主义文学的影响。
三、论述题。
1．近现代德语文学一直以精神探索为鲜明的特色，以两个具体作家为例（如歌德，席勒，托马斯·曼，赫尔曼·黑塞，卡夫卡，里尔克，也可选取其他），阐述你对德语文学这一特征的理解。
中国文学中是否有类似的传统，以两个具体作家为例加以说明。
2．以具体作家作品为例，谈谈你对20世纪中国文学语言变革的理解，以及它的成绩或不足。
（此题前面有段不长的引言，大致意思是，白话文的运用成为20世纪文学的主流，但它不是新文学运动的独创，自宋代话本以来白话文创作就取得了一定成就。
）
文艺理论部分
四、名词解释
1．《沧浪诗话》
2．文学话语
3．客观批评
五、简答题
1．简述文学文本和文献的区别。
2．简述文学起源“游戏说”的基本思想内涵和主要理论得失。
六、论述题
1．举例说明文学知识得以生成的基本环节。
2．文学的历时研究意味着两种需要：“历史性”和“特殊性”，如果再引入“文化整合”的需要，文学的历时研究会引起何种相应的变化？请以书面文学或口头文学为例加以理论说明。
2011同等学力申硕《中国语言文学综合》真题
2011年同等学力申请硕士学位中国语言文学学科综合水平全国统一考试，今年出题情况
与往年相比，大同小异。题型及各学科分值没有太大变化。
2011年同等学力申请硕士学位中国语言文学学科综合水平全国统一考试，今年出题情况
与往年相比，大同小异。题型及各学科分值没有太大变化。
填空同以往一样，古代文学部分分值所占较高，占了5分，现代汉语3分，古典文献学1
分，现当代文学1分。题的难度较比去年略有降低。现代当代文学部分所出1分，《三寸金莲》
作者是冯骥才。作品在《大纲及指南》中没有出现。这需要考生以往的基础，要看参考书目。
名词解释是10选7，考生对各学科掌握可能侧重不一样，这给了考生自由选择的机会。
各学科所占比例上，语言学2道，古典文献学1道，现当代文学3道，文艺学2道，古代文学2
道。
第三题古文标点释词翻译，这道题与往没有区别，考的是《吕氏春秋》里的一段古文。
今年试题古代汉语部分，仅是在此处，以应用的形式出题，以往年一样。
第四题出了两道论述。从两道论述题看，“简析沙汀短篇小说《在其香居茶馆里》的叙
事结构”，这道题在《大纲及指南》中没有，只提到了作品的名字。按以往出题规律，多少
有些意外。论述题“试论苏轼对词的革新”，一般押题不一定能够押到苏轼这个点。但既然
出了也在情理之中。这不得不提醒考生，不要忽略了读参考书目，还要看重点作品，不要过
分依赖《大纲及指南》，那本书的内容是概略性的。从分值上看，古代文学和现当代文学各
占10分。
第五题是选做题，五选二。从各学科比例上，文艺学1，古代文学1，现代汉语1，语言
学1，古典文献学1.从学科分布上，比较均匀。
总体感觉古代文学部分所占分值较高，现代汉语略低，尤其是今年出了一道语音方面的
题，比较去年的语法方面的题，难度上升。
一、填空(每题1分，共计10分)
1.“四呼”是对韵母的分类。
2.由一个语素构成的词是单纯词。
3.如果一个词只能做状语，那么这个词所属的词类是副词。
4.西晋秘书监荀勖，在魏秘书郎郑默所制《中经》的基础上编制了《中经新簿》。
5.《诗经》为风、雅、颂，其中“颂”他为“周颂”、“鲁颂”和“商颂”。
6.鲁迅《汉字学史纲要》称赞《史记》是“史家之绝唱，无韵之《离骚》”。
7.文学史上第一个大量创作山水诗的诗人是南朝的谢灵运。
8.陆游、杨万里、尤袤和范成大被称为“中兴四大诗人”。
9.《四声猿》是剧作家徐渭所作。
10.《三寸金莲》是当代作家冯骥才的“津门系列”中的一部中篇小说。
二、名词解释(10题选做7题，每题5分，共计35分)
1.语法格
2.上下位类聚
3.书口
4.中华全国文艺抗敌协会
5.《三家巷》
6.新歌剧
7.报告文学
8.文学典型
9.《古诗十九首》
10.苏门四学士
三、古文标点释词翻译(标点6分，释词4分，翻译5分，共计15分)
贤主必自知士，故士尽力竭智，直言交争，而不辞其患。豫让、公孙弘是矣。当是时也，
智伯、孟尝君知之矣。世之人主，得地百里则喜，四境皆贺;得士则不喜，不知相贺：不通
乎轻重也。汤、武，千乘也，而士皆归之。桀、纣，天子也，而士皆去之。孔、墨，布衣之
士也，万乘之主、千乘之君不能与之争士也。自此观之，尊贵富大不足以来士矣，必自知之
然後可。豫让之友谓豫让曰：“子之行何其惑也?子尝事范氏、中行氏，诸侯尽灭之，而子
不为报;至於智氏，而子必为之报，何故?”豫让曰：“我将告子其故。范氏、中行氏，我寒
而不我衣，我饥而不我食，而时使我与千人共其养，是众人畜我也。夫众人畜我者，我亦众
人事之。至於智氏则不然，出则乘我以车，入则足我以养，众人广朝，而必加礼於吾所，是
国士畜我也。夫国士畜我者，我亦国士事之。”豫让，国士也，而犹以人之於己也为念，又
况於中人乎?
(选自《吕氏春秋·不侵》)
去：离开
来：通“徕，”招徕
衣：使之衣
畜：供养
划横线的翻译：至于智氏就不是这样，出门就给我车坐，在家就供给我充足的衣食，在
大庭广众之中，一定对我给予特殊的礼遇，这是象奉养国士那样地奉养我，凡象对待国士那
样对待我的，我也象国士那样地报答他。”
四、论述题(每题10分，共计20分)
1.试论苏轼对词的革新
2.简析沙汀短篇小说《在其香居茶馆里》的叙事结构
五、选做题(从下面5道题中选择2道)
1.简述艺术真实与生活真实和科学真实的关系
2.论述《左传》的叙事艺术
3.在汉语拼音方案中，为了使零声母音节与前一音节的界限保持清楚，采用了哪些手段?
使用的条件和规划如何?试举例说明。
4.简述语言和言语的区别与联系。
5.简述《崇文总目》的特点
