陈才英语教育及辅导中心【2017年3种句子结构深度用法讲解】【佛山中学3种句子结构深度讲解】
辅导老师：陈老师辅导学生：【日期：2017年12月9日】
第3种句子结构复合句
【1】4种名词性从句
【2】从句的定义：
在复合句中：一个充当主句某个成分的从句叫主从复合句。（即一个主句带有1个或者1个以上从句的句子叫复合句）
主从复合句可以分为以下3大类
【一】4大名词性从句
【1】主语从句【2】宾语从句【3】表语从句【4】同位语从句
【二】2大定语从句
【1】限制性语从句【2】非限制性定语从句
【三】9大状语从句
【1】时间状语从句【2】地点状语从句【3】原因状语从句
【4】条件状语从句【5】目的状语从句【6】结果状语从句
【7】比较状语从句【8】让步状语从句【9】方式状语从句
【一】主语从句：在主句种充当主语成分的从句叫主语从句，
引导主语从句的连词有：从属连词；连接代词；连接副词
主语从句有以下3种结构
【1】陈述句+谓语+其它（从属连词that引导主语从句）
【主语从句+谓语+其它成分】【主语从句由肯定陈述句充当】【2】一般疑问句+谓语+其它（从属连词whether引导主语从句）【主语从句+谓语+其它成分】【主语从句由一般疑问句充当】【3】特殊疑问句+谓语+其它（原来特殊疑问词引导主语从句）【主语从句+谓语+其它成分】【主语从句由特殊疑问句充当】
【1】从属连词that引导主语从句
That he is still alive is a wonder.
=It is a wonder that he is still alive.
他还活着，真是奇迹。
That she was chosen made us very happy.
=It made us very happy that she was chosen.
她当选了使我们很高兴.
That we shall be late is certain.
=It is certain that we shall be late.
我们要晚了，这是确定无疑的。
That he should have ignored the working class was natural.
=It was natural that he shold have ignored working classes.
他忽视工人阶级是很自然的。
That she is still alive is a consolation.
=It is a consolation that she is still alive.
她还活着是使人感到宽慰的。
That she became an artist may have been due to her father’s influence.
=It may have been due to her father’s influence that she became an artist.
她成为画家可能是受她父亲的影响。
That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.
你将来伦敦是好久以来我听到的最好消息。
That a new teacher will come to teach us geography is true.
一位新老师将来教我们地理,这是真的.
That she was chosen made a tremendous stir in her village.
她被挑选上，在她村子里引起很大轰动。
That he is still alive is sheer luck.
=It is sheer luck that she is still alive
他还活着全靠运气。
That she was chosen made us very happy.
That the whole project is doomed to failure is quite clear
=It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.
很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。
That you should have to leave is a pity
=It's a pity that you should have to leave.
你非走不可真是件憾事。
It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.
她犯了这样一个错误,真是遗憾.
It depends on the climate whether they are going shopping today.
他们是否今天去购物还得看天气情况.
【1.1】用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：
a. It + 系动词（be）+形容词+ that-从句
strange; natural; obvious; true; good; wonderful; possible; unlikely; unusual; certain; evident; worth-while; surprising; interesting; astonishing, etc.
It is obvious that conductors and insulators are both important in industry.
很明显导体和绝缘体在工业中都很重要。
It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.
她是否能来令人怀疑。
It was really astonishing t hat he refused to talk to yo u .
他拒绝和你说话真是令人惊讶。
It seems obvious that we can not go on like this.
It seem that
很明显我们不能这样下去了。
It is important that he should know about this.他必须知道此事。
It’s vital that we be present. 我们出席是至关重要的。
It is important that this mission not fail. 这项使命不失败至关重要。
It is essential that a meeting be convened this week. 本周开一次会非常重要。
It is appropriate that this tax be abolished. 废除这个税是恰当的。
It’s unfair that so many people should lose their jobs. 竟有这么多人失业这是不公平的。
It’s amazing that she should have said nothing about it. 她竟未谈及此事令人惊讶。
It’s unthin kable that they should deny my request. 他们竟然拒绝我的请求，这是不可思议的。
It is essential that he should be here by the weekend .
周末之前，他应该到这里是必要的。
It is necessary(必要的）that… 有必要……
It is necessary that several nurses (should) stay here.
几个护士留在这儿是很有必要的
It is right(正确的) that....
It is natural(自然的) that ..
It is quite clear that..很清楚...
It is quite clear that the ear of the elephant is like a huge fan.
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.
It is important(重要的) that… 重要的是……
It is obvious(明显的) that… 很明显……
It is obvious that you’ve made a big mistake.
It is obvious that this measure is effective.
It’s certain（明确的/肯定的）that… 肯定…
It is possible that... 很可能……
It is likely that... 很可能……
It is likely that a hurricane will arrive soon.
It is likely that he can’t come to the meeting.
It is unlikely that... 不可能……
It is necessary \important \natural\... that…
It is possible that she will come back tomorrow.
特别备注（1）：It is important(necessary / advisable / desirable / imperative / true strange/surprising/unthinkable/unbelievable/
incredible / possible ...)that ...需要注意的是,这类主语从句中,谓语动词很多为"(should)＋动词原形",即要用虚拟语气。
例如:
It is necessary that several nurses (should) stay here.
几个护士留在这儿是很有必要的。
It is necessary that a college student (should) master one or two foreign langauges.
It is strange (奇怪的)that ....
It is strange that you should trust Jane.
It is imperative that everyone (should) learn from practice.
每个人都应该从实践中学习。
b. It + 系动词be +名词+ that-从句
① It is Link Verb + n+ that
It is a pity/shame that... 遗憾的是……
It is a pity(遗憾) that
It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.
她犯了这样一个错误,真是遗憾.
It’s a pity that he didn’t come. 很遗憾他没来。
It is a pity that you didn’t attend the lecture yesterday.
It is a shame(令人遗憾的事) that
It is a pity that you didn’t attend the evening pa rty .
It was a pity that we lost the match.
It is a pity that you missed the film.
It is one’s hope that....我们希望是..
It is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.
It is a surprise that…令人惊奇的是…
It is a surprise that he is still alive.
It is comm on knowledge that… …是常识
It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.
It is a fact that… 事实是……
It was a fact t hat he cheated in the exam.
It is no wonder that ...难怪/不足为奇
It is no wonder that you have achieved so much success.
It’s no wonder that you have failed again.
②连系动词“appear, look, seem”的两个常用句型It seems/appears that….
It looks/seems as if/as though…… (与事实相符用陈述语气，与事实相反用虚拟语气) It seems that today is going to rain.
It appears that he were standing in the air.
c. It + be +V- ed 分词+ that-从句
It was intended that you be the candidate. 大家的意图是让你当候选人。
It is well-known that从所周知
That the moon moves around the sun is well-known .
=It is well-known that the moon moves around the sun.
It is hoped that 人们希望..
It is thought that 人们认为..
It is expected that 人们期待...
It is known to all that… 从所周知……
That the moon moves around the sun is known to all.
=It is known to all that the moon moves around the sun.
It has been decided that… 已决定……
It is said that... 据说……
It is said that many people were killed in the earthquake.
据说很多人在这次地震中丧生了
It is said that he was killed in the earthquak e.
It is known to all that... 众所周知……
It is announced that..根据宣布....
It is announced that the plan has been successfully carried out.
It is generally considered that.. 人们普遍认为...
It is generally considered that boys are better at science than girls.
It is reported that... 据报道……
It is reported that no passengers were injured in the accident.
It was reported that 20 people were killed in the accident.
It is believed that...据信……;人们相信……
It is suggested that + (should）do... 建议……
It must be admitted that…必须承认……
It cannot be denied that… 不可否认……
It must be pointed out that…需/必须指出的是……
It was suggested that we should eat more vegetable and do more exercise
It has been proved that...已证明…….
类似的过去分词：estimated; expected; thought; hoped; noted; discussed;
required; decided; suggested; demanded; made clear; found out,etc.
It is thought that he is the best player.
大家都认为他是最好的选手。
It is estimated that the vase is 2000 years old.
据估计这个花瓶有2000年的历史。
It is used to be thought that a new star must be due to a collision between two stars.
过去一直认为新星是由于两颗星星之间碰撞产生的。
It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic.
还没弄清楚这条路将开始通车。
特别备注
It is+( suggested/advised/ordered/requested/required/insisted/demanded/)+that从句+主语+(should) 动词原形。
It is suggested that 主语+动词原形
It is suggested that you (should) spend more time in studying English.
It is advised that 主语+(should)动词原形
It is ordered that 主语+(should)动词原形
It is advised that 主语+(should)动词原形
It is requested that 主语+(should)动词原形
It is required that 主语+(should)动词原形
It was required that they (should) start the project the next month.
It is insisted that 主语+(should)动词原形
It is demanded that 主语+(should)动词原形
d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句
It seems/appears that...似乎……
It happened that...碰巧……
It has turned out that… 结果是……
类似的不及物动词还有：seem, appear, occur, follow, happen, turn out, etc.
It turned out that nobody remembered the address.
结果是无人记得那个地址。
It now appears that they are in urgent need of help.
看起来他们急需帮助。
It happened that I saw him yesterday.
碰巧我昨天看见他了。
结构（1）It happen(s/ed) that 从句
It happens that…碰巧……
It happened that I saw him yesterday.
=I happened to see him yesterday.
碰巧我昨天看见他了。
It happens that he can understand a little about the language.
It happened that I came into the office at that time.
结构（2）It happen(s/ed) to sb+ that 从句
It happened to me that I had been away when he called.
结构（3）It occur(s/ed) that 从句
结构（4）It occur(s/ed) to sb+that 从句
It occurred to sb that…某人突然想起……
It occurred to me that I could have the book sent to me.
我想到可以让人把书寄给我。
It occurred to me that I forgot to send this letter
It occurred to me that we should get in touch with the manager.
备注：it occur to sb to do sth
It did not occur to me to check my insurance policy...
我没有想到要核实我的保险单条款。
结构（5）It matter(s/ed) that 从句
It really matters that you haven’t turned up.
It doesn’t matter whether you come or not.
结构（6）It make(s/ed) no difference+ whether 从句
It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not.
他是否会参加会议都无关紧要。
结构（7）It seem(s/ed)+ that 从句（好象/仿佛是..）
It'seem that the suggestion have fall on dead ear.
看来这建议并未受到重视.
It'seem that no one likes him.
似乎没有人喜欢他.
备注：it seem to sb that 在某人看来好像/似乎
It'seem to me ( that ) they can earn extra money by give private lesson.
看来他们可以靠私人授课挣得额外收入.
结构（8）It appear(s/ed) +that 从句（似乎是...）
It appears that…似乎……
It now appears that they are in urgent need of help.
看起来他们急需帮助。
结构（9）It turn out(s/ed) +that 从句(结果是..）
It turns out t hat our team has won the game.
It turned out that nobody remembered the address.
结果是无人记得那个地址。
特别备注（2）当用it作形式主语,而将主语从句放在句尾时,主语从句中的否定词常要前移至主句中。例如:
It doesn’t seem that they are from the same university.
It doesn’t appear that we’ll have a sunny day tomorrow.
最后特别备注：
在It is necessary / natural / important / strange...+ that-clause这类句型里,that所引导的主语从句中谓语动词用"should +原形",表虚似语气。
It is necessary that the problem should be settled at once.
这个问题必须马上解决
It is important that we dovetail our respective interests.
让我们各自的利益相吻合很重要。
It is important that we put Jesus into the context of history.
我们将耶稣置于历史环境中来看是很重要的。
It is important that we not stop the proceedings to report normalcy.
我们不要打断进程来报告常态信息,这一点很重要.
It is important that every member inform himself of these rules.
重要的是每个成员知道这些规则.
It is important that you follow out his instructions carefully.
你仔细按他的指示去执行这很重要.
It is important that the equipment be very rugged.
设备须非常坚固是重要的.
It is important that we not stop the proceedings to report normalcy.
我们不要打断进程来报告常态信息,这一点很重要.
It is natural that he should say so.
他那样说是理所当然的.
It is natural that he should disagree with you.
他不同意你是当然的.
It is natural that he should fall in love with such a beautiful girl.
他爱上那位美丽的姑娘是很自然的事.
It is strange that such a rich man should be so stingy.
说来真怪,这么有钱的人居然那么小气.
It is strange that he should feel so angry.
真奇怪,他会这么生气.
It is strange that he should fall in love with such a snobbish girl.
说来真怪,他居然与那位高傲的女孩子坠入情网.
【2】由whether 引导的主语从句如下（不作成分；但有意思，其意思为是否，起连接作用有意义；不能省略）
Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.
是否对我们有害还要看一看。
Whether they would support us was a problem.
他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
Whether she will come or not is still a question.
她是否来还是一个问题.
Whether we shall raise ducks or geese remains to be decided.
=It remains to be decided whether/if we shall raise ducks or geese.
我们是养鸭还是养鹅仍没决定.
Whether you come or not is not important.
=It is not important w hether you come or not
Whether he can come to the party on time depends on the traffic.
=It depends on the traffice Whether he can come to the party on time
It remains to be seen whether the newly-formed committee’s policy can be put into practice.
=whether the newly-formed committee’s policy can be put into practice remains to be seen Whether we will go outing tomorrow depends on the weather.
=It depends on the weather Whether we will go outing tomorrow
It is not important whether / if they have enough experience.
Whether he can finish his task on time is of great importance.
=It is of great importance whether he can finish his task on time.
Whether you can succeed or not depends on how hard you work at it.
【3】wh-连接代词引导(what=the thing +that)
(1)关系代词型what引导(复指代词引导主语从句)
What do we need?(疑问代词，疑问语气，疑问语序)
What we need(连接代词，陈述语气，陈述语序)
What we need is money.
=The thing that we need is money
我们需要的是钱。
What we can't get seems better than what we have.
=The thing that we can’t get seems better than the thing that we have
我们得不到的东西似乎比已得到的要好.
What caused the accident is a complete mystery.
=The thing that caused the accident is a complete mystery.
是什么导致了这次事故还完全是一个谜.
What I want to know is this.
=The thing that I want to know is this.
我想知道的就是这一点。
What’s done is done.
=The thing that is done is done
事已成定局。
What he says is not important.
=The thing that he says is not important.
他说的话并不重要。
What I am telling you is mere impressions.
我和你说的都不过是一些印象而已。
What make the river more beautiful are the lotus plants growing in the water. 为河水增色的是水里的荷花。
What you need is a good-sized canvas bag.
你需要的是一个比较大的帆布袋。
What I am afraid of is their taking him to Portugal.
我担心的是他们把他带到葡萄牙去。
What struck me was that they have all suffered a lot.
给我很深印象的是他们都受过很多苦。
What I want to know is this.
Whatever we do is to serve the people.
Anything that we do is to serve the people
What we do is to serve the people
The thing that we do
When the new road is open to traffic has not been made clear.
Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious what the problem itself is. What many scientists believe is that the earth is round
What he said encouraged me greatly.(不表疑问陈述语气）
What worries us most is who let out the secret.
What the lecturer said is of great value.
Wha t we can’t get seems better than we already have.
Why he did that wasn’t quite clear.
What is worth doing is worth doing well.
What we should do with the problem is undecided.
What is needed for success) is your hard work.
What he needs is that book.
What he needs is some books.
What he saw are the stars in the sky
What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present
(1.1):whatever引导主语从句(anything that)
Whatever did she say?(到底什么，究竟什么)
Whatever 引导的从句意思“无论什么，不管什么”
whatever=anything that(表示泛指)
What does she say?
Whatever does she say?
What she says is right.
=The thing that she says is right.
Whatever she says is right.
=Anything that she says is right.
Whatever was said here has left us much to think.
=Anything that was said here left us much to think.
(2)who引导主语从句
Who are you?(疑问代词，疑问语气，疑问语序)
Who you are.（连接代词，陈述语气，陈述语序）
Who you are is none of my business.
Whoever are you?（到底谁，究竟谁）
Whoever you are is none of my business.（不论谁，不管谁）Whoever you are , you must obey school rules.
=No matter who you are , you must obey school rules.
Who can join in the sport meet is decided by the teacher
Who he is and where he is from are important.
Who will take part in the meeting has not been decided.
It has not been decided yet who will preside over the meeting. (2.1)whoever引导主语从句(whoever =anyone who)
Whoever wants the boo k may have it. 任何人要这书都可拿去。Whoever comes to the party will receive a present.
参加聚会的每一个人都将收到一份礼物.
Whoever comes will be welcome.
=Anyone who comes will be welcome.
无论谁来都是受欢迎。
Whoever is top from wins the game when two matched players meet. 两强相争勇者胜。
Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
(3)which引导的主语从句
Which student will win?(疑问代词，疑问语气，疑问语序) Which student will win.（连接代词，陈述语气，陈述语序）Which student will win is uncertain.(表疑问陈述语气）
主从复合句 一基础理论： 1. 英语表达的五个层次 字母—单词—句子—段落—文章 2. 词的分类： 名词系统：名词；代词；冠词；形容词；数词 动词系统：动词；介词；副词 连词系统 3. 不同词性的词按照一定的顺序形成句子，同一个词由于在句子中位置不同所起的作用也不同；词在句子中所起的作用有：主；谓；宾；定；状；补；表 4. 句子是表达独立、完整意思的单位。 五种简单句结构。 ①主系表 ②主不及物动词 ③主谓宾 ④主谓双宾 ⑤主谓宾宾补 5. 并列句：通过and , but, or 并列连词连结的两个或多个简单句。 Give me somewhere to stand, and I will move the earth. Have an aim in your life, or your energies will be wasted. 6. 主从复合句：通过从属连词连结的，有主句和从句的合成结构。 二主从复合句的四项基本原则： 1. 主句符合五种简单句结构。 The day we had looked forward to ____at last. A coming B came C come D comes In the evening school where I study computer ____. A is there B has many people C is well taught D is nice 2. 从句也符合五种简单句结构。 ①From the first time I flew a flat paper kite as a child, I was always wondering____. A how made it fly B how it made fly C what it made fly D what made it fly ②The factory___ produces steel is the biggest one of the kind in our city. A which B whom C whose D where ③The factory___ Tom works is the biggest one of the kind in our city. A which B whom C whose D where 3. 如何识别主句和从句？只识别从句，另一句就是主句。 如何识别从句？通过从属连词加以识别。 ①从属连词属于从句，且位于从句的句首； The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on ___best in its climate and soil. A it grows B what grows C does it grow D what does it grow It was an agreement___ could not be changed’ A of which details B whose the details C the details of which D all whose details ②从属连词在从句中既可以不承担具体功能，仅起识别的标志作用，但它同时破坏了原来
简单句、并列句和复合句 考点一简单句 1.简单句只包含一个主谓结构. 2.五种简单句: 1)主+谓. He comes at last. 2)主+系+表. She is a teacher. The soup tastes nice. 3)主+谓+宾. They reached the village. 4)主+谓+间宾+直宾. He gave me a pen. 5)主+谓+宾+宾补. I find that book very useful. 考点二并列句 并列句：两个或两个以上的简单句，用连词连接起来。 常用的连接词有： 1.表示顺承关系的：and, not only…but also（不仅….而且….）等。 She gave us a lot of advice, Linda tried to become an excellent teacher, helped us to overcome difficulties. at last she succeeded. 2.表示选择关系和否定条件的有or（还是，否则） Do you want to leave now would you rather set off later? Wear your coat, you’ll catch a cold. 3.表示转折关系的有but, yet 等。 He is young, but he works hard.虽然他年轻，但工作努力。 4.表示因果关系的有for, so 等。 My leg hurts so I go to see a doctor. 我的腿疼，因此我去看医生。 考点三主从复合句：宾语从句 1.宾语从句的引导词 （1）引导陈述句用that(在口语和非正式文体中常常省略) He tells me (that ) he is going shopping this Sunday. (2)引导一般疑问句用if 或whether. She asked me if\ whether she could join us. (whether…or not) (3)引导特殊疑问句，要用原来的特殊疑问词。 She asked them what they were doing. 2.宾语从句的语序：要用陈述句语序。 I want to know when the train left. 3.宾语从句的时态 （1）主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句，宾语从句可根据实际需要选用各种时态。 He tells us that he has been able to look after himself. (2)主句是过去时态，宾语从句应使用过去时的相应时态。 They said that they had already finished the work. (3)如果宾语从句叙述的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等，不管主句用什么时态，从句 都用一般现在时。 He said that light travels faster than sound. 3. 练习 1）She asked me, “Will you go to the cinema tomorrow?” (改为含宾语从句的复合句)
主从复合句 一宾语从句 用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句在句中起宾语作用，它可以用作动词的宾语，也可以做动词的宾语，也可以做介词、不定式、分词、动名词以及某些形容词（如：sure, glad, pleased, certain, afraid, surprised, satisfied 等）的宾语，宾语从句可以由连词that, whether, if;代词who, whose, what, which和副词when, where, how, why等引导。 他想他过几天就会好了。 I think (that) he’ll be all right in a few days. 你知道他们在等谁吗 Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for 他问那是谁的字典。 He asked whose dictionary it was. 注意老师说的话。 Pay attention to what the teacher said. 1.宾语从句在句中的位置 （1）作宾语的从句。如： I heard that he joined the army. 我听说他参军了。 She did not know what had happened. 她不知道发生了什么事。 （2）作介词的宾语。如： Our success depends upon/on how well we can cooperate with one another.我们的成功在于我们彼此能够很好的合作。 She is worried about whether her mother can come on time. 她在担心妈妈是否能按时来。 （3）作形容词的宾语。 I’m afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.我恐怕我犯错误了。 类似的形容词还有：anxious, aware, certain, confident, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, pleased, hurt, satisfied等。 （4）it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中，如： 他很明确地说他宁愿学习英语。 He made it quite clear that he preferred to study English. 注意：有些动词后不能跟that从句作宾语，这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive 等。 2.宾语从句的引导词 （1）当宾语从句是由陈述句转化而来时，由that 引导，这时that在宾语从句中无意义，不充当任何成分，常省略。如： I know (that) you have met him. 我知道你曾经见过他。 He told me that he was wrong.他告诉我他错了。 I don’t believe he has finished his work.我相信他还没有完成他的工作。
二、简单句、并列句和复合句 （一）句子种类两种分类法 1、按句子的用途可分四种: 1）陈述句（肯定、否定）:He is six years old; She didn't hear of you before. 2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）:Do they like skat in g? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can't she? 3）祈使句:Be careful, boys; Don't talk in class 4）感叹句:How clever the boy is! 2、按句子的结构可分三种: 1）简单句:只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。 e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 2）并列句:由并列连词（and, but, or 等）或分号（;）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。 e.g. You help him and he helps you. The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。 3）复合句:含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含:名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。 e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. （二）简单句的五种基本句型 1 主语+系动词+表语:e.g. He is a stude nt. 2、主语+不及物动词:e.g. We work. 3、主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语:e.g. He nry bought a dictio nary. 4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）:e.g. My father bought me a car. 5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）:e.g. Tom made the baby laugh. 注:其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。 （三）并列句的分类 1表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only …but also …，neither …门o等连接hee.g. The teacher's name is Smith, and the student's name is John. 2、表示选择,常用的连词有or, either …or …,othei等see.g. Hurry up, or you'll miss the train. 3、表示转折, 常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when 等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 4、表示因果关系,常用的连词有so, for, therefore 等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rive
将下列带定语从句的主从复合句变为简单句： 1.The young woman who works in his office used to be a housewife. 2.The boat suddenly struck a rock that was covered by mud and sand. 3.John was always the last student that left the classroom after school. 4.If only I had two lives that I could lay down for my dear motherland！ 5.He made his way through the people who were curious to see the murderer. 6.We badly need some people who are able to do the job successfully. 7.I met a strange old woman who carried a big umbrella in her hand. 8.The policeman examined the chair which stood against the wall. 9.I once visited the house where the president once lived and worked for four years. 10.I have never been to the village where my grandparents once lived 11.They often think of the days when they lived happily together on the island. 12.Spring is the season when t he parks are always full of happy children 13.The reason is his own affair. Why will he stay in the country for more days ? 14.Can you give us one good reason ? Why should you give up studying music ?
并列复合句与主从复合句 一、并列复合句“二步”学习法 并列复合句（简称并列句）与主从复合句（简称复合句）的区别是：并列句用并列连词连接两个或两个以上的句子，并表示句子与句子之间的并列关系。复合句是一个完整的句子，用连接词连接的从句充当句子的某一个成分，是主从关系。 试比较： Come here early , and you will see our manager . （两个句子之间是并列关系，没有从属关系，所以是并列复合句） If you come here early , you will see our manager . （句中If引导的条件状语从句和后面的主句有主从关系，从句从属于主句，所以是主从复合句） 二、掌握并列复合句的连词 并列句的连词由单个连词和连词词组两部分组成。 1、由and ,but ,or/or else , so , for 等并列连词把连个简单句连接起来而成为 并列复合句。 2、由并列连词词组连接成的并列复合句。常用的并列连词词组有not only …but also …. , either…or…, neither …nor…, not…but…, both…and…, as well as…等等
三、主从复合句“二步”学习法 主从复合句中的从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句等6种。前四种均相当于一个名词的作用-----名词性从句。 名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句 第一步、掌握复合句的结构 以下采用线条和图示的方法介绍复合句的结构： 说明： 主句：_________________ 从句：﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍ 连接词： 1.主语从句的两种结构： ①连接词﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍谓_________________ Who are the winners hasn’t been announced . ②It谓_________________ 连接词﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍ It hasn’t been announced who are the winners . 主语从句是整个句子作主语，他可以放在主句的谓语动词之前（结构①），但多数情况是it做形式主语（结构②），而把主语从句放在主句之后。如果主语从句太长，显得笨重，这是我们就采用结构② 这种it作形式主语的主从复合句有以下几种结构： ①It is ＋ n. ＋ that … ②It is ＋ adj. ＋that… ③It is ＋过去分词＋从句
二、简单句、并列句和复合句 (一)句子种类两种分类法 1、按句子的用途可分四种: 1)陈述句(肯定、否定):He is six years old; She didn't hear of you before. 2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意):Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can't she? 3)祈使句:Be careful, boys; Don't talk in class 4)感叹句:How clever the boy is! 2、按句子的结构可分三种: 1)简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。 e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 2) 并列句:由并列连词(and, but, or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。 e.g. You help him and he helps you.
The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。 3)复合句:含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含:名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。 e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. (二)简单句的五种基本句型 1、主语+系动词+表语:e.g. He is a student. 2、主语+不及物动词:e.g. We work. 3、主语+及物动词+宾语:e.g. Henry bought a dictionary. 4、主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语):e.g. My father bought me a car. 5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语(宾语+宾补):e.g. Tom made the baby laugh. 注:其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。 (三)并列句的分类 1、表示连接两个同等概念,常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。e.g. The teacher's name is Smith, and the student's name is John. 2、表示选择,常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。e.g. Hurry up, or you'll miss the train.
【专题】主从复合句（状从、名从和定从） 【考点分析】 状语从句 1.when, while, as引导时间状语从句的区别； 2.名词词组the minute, the moment, the first time, each time, any time等用作连词，引导的时间状语从句； 3.before,和since引导时间状语从句的用法以及常见的几个句型； 4.till和until的用法； 5.although, though, as以及even if, even though引导让步状语从句的用法； 6.结果状语从句中“so…that”与“such…that”的区别； 7.条件状语从句unless, providing/provided, suppose/supposing等引导词的用法； 8.“疑问词+ever”和“no matter+疑问词”引导从句的用法； 9. in case引导的状语从句； 10.where引导的状语从句； 11.once引导的状语从句。 12.与祈使句、定语从句、名词从句、倒装句以及与强调句型的混合考查。 名词从句 1. that和what引导名词性从句的区别； 2.名词从句的语序和时态； 3. it作形式主语、形式宾语的几种情况； 4.宾语从句的否定转移； 5.whether和if的用法区别； 6.what在名词性从句中的使用； 7.doubt后的名词性从句的使用； 8.Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别； 9.连接词that的省略； 定语从句 1.that与which引导的定语从句的区别； 2.who、whom与whose引导的定语从句的区别； 3.关系副词where、when与why引导的定语从句的区别； 4.对“as”引导定语从句的考查； 5. such…as与such…that的区别；the same…as与the same…that的区别； 6.对“介词+关系代词”的考查； 7.the way 作先行词时,定语从句的引导词作状语用in which ,that 或者省略； 8.含有插入语的定语从句； 9.与并列句、状语从句、同位语从句以及与强调句型的混合考查。 【知识点归纳】 I.句子的种类 复习主从复合句时，我们首先要对句子的种类有所了解，才能更深入地掌握主从复合句的知识。 按用途分
主从复合句 主句是主体，从句只是句子的一个成分，换言之，将句子（除谓语外）的各个成分扩展开来就成了从句。关联词分五类： 疑问代词：who（whom/whose）， which, what, 关系代词：who（whom/whose）， which, that, 疑问副词：when, where, why, how 关系副词：when, where, why 从属连词：that (无词义)， whether, if, although, after because, before, when, since， as soon as, as long as 只有从属连词没有句子功用，即不担任句子成分。 从句分为五类： 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 句中作用如同名词。一般都不用逗号，所用关联词相同：1,连词that/whether/if 2, 疑问代词who/what/which 3, 疑问副词when /where /how /why（引导间接疑问句） 定语从句 状语从句 一．主语从句subject clause，也可分为三种：that引导的主从 / 由连接代副词引导的主从 / what 和whoever等引导的主从。 1由that引导的主从，用得最多。(that 后面是主语) “That she became an artist may have been due to her father’s influence.”她成为画家可能是受其父亲的影响。 上面句子看着别扭陌生，换成it引导的句子就熟悉了，因为一般除强调外都后置而由it代替，有五种形式：
（1）+ that 、、、 It is natural that they should have different views. （2）、、、 It’s a wonder that you are still alive. （3）宾语) or adverbial(副词)) + that、、、 It seems that you’re right. It struck me that we ought to make a new plan. 我忽然想起我们应该制订一个新计划。 It never occurred to me that perhaps she was lying. 我从未想到或许她是在说谎 （4）、、、 It was rumored （It is said） that you was suffering from a stone in the kidney. 谣传说/据说你得了肾结石。 （5）、、、 No, no, it couldn’t be that they were interested in him. 不，不，他们不可能对他有兴趣。口语中that可以省略： It was clear(that) his words pleased her. 显然他的话使她高兴。 When he’ll be back depends much on the weather. Who is to be sent there ha sn’t been decided. It’s clear enough what he meant. 两种结构都能用，但是it结构更多，有四种形式。 It was not clear to me why he behaved like tha t. 我不太清楚他为什么会这样做。 It’s a puzzle how life began. 生命如何开始是一个谜
简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句 文章来源：互联网 在前面各讲中所说的肯定句、否定句、各种疑问句、感叹句等，是根据句子的作用来划分的。今天，我们再学习一种新的分类方法：即根据句子的内部结构，特别是句子与句子之间的关系来划分的方法。根据句子结构，可以分为三种主要类型：简单句、并列句、复合句，另外还有一种叫并列-复合句子。 要搞懂英语句子结构分类，有一点首先必须明白：即什么是“句子”？句子的概念有两层含义：一是它能表达一个清晰、完整的意思。反过来讲，只要能表达一个清晰、完整的意思的语言单位，不论是长是短，哪怕是一个单词，也算作是一个句子。这是从意义方面来说的。二是句子的结构完整。所谓“完整”，最核心的是一个句子应该有“主语、谓语”。也就是说，有主语、有谓语的语言单位就是一个句子。这就是从句子结构方面来分的，也是从句子语法成份方面来划分的。我们所讲的简单句、并列句、复合句都是从主语、谓语来判定句子类型的。 如果按照句子的结构分类，英文句子可分为三种类型：简单句(Simple Sentence)，并列句(Compound Sentence)和复合句(Complex Sentence)。 一、简单句 简单句的定义是：或者只有一个主语，或者只有一个谓语。为什么说“或者”呢？因为简单句可以只有一个主语，但有几个谓语；或者可以有几个主语，但只有一个谓语。这样一分，简单句就有三种形式了。 1、只有一个主语、一个谓语，再加上其它成份。例如： Light travels faster than sound. 光比声传播速度快。 The film is not interesting. 这部电影没有意思。 Can you finish the work on time? 你能按时完成工作吗？ 2、只有一个主语，但有几个谓语，再加上其它成份。例如： The boy were running, shouting and laughing. 男孩们一边跑，一边笑，一边喊叫着。 You cannot listen to music and memorize at the same time. 你不能既听音乐，同时又背诵东西。 Computers mean a lot to human beings and are paidmore and more attention by people.
高中英语语法难点——并列句和主从复合句并列句基本概念： 并列复合句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。两个简单句常由并列连接词连在一起；但有时不用连接词,只在两个简单句之间用一逗号或分号。2、常见的并列句： (1) 用来连接两个并列概念的连接词有and , not only…but also…, neither…nor…等,and 所连接的前后分句往往表示先后关系、递进关系。前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。(2) 表示在两者之间选择一个, 常用的连接词有or,otherwise,or else,either…or…等,前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。(3) 表明两个概念彼此有矛盾、相反或者转折, 常用的连接词有but,yet,still ,however等,前后分句时态一致。(4) 说明原因, 用连接词for ,前后分句时态一致。(5) 表示结果,用连接词so, 前后分句时态一致。 主从复合句 1、概念： 主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体,从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。如：While the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.(爷爷奶奶们很爱孩子,同时对他们也严格要求。) / It seemed as if the meeting would never end.(看起来会议没完没了。) / Hurry up, or (else) you’ll be late.(快点, 要不然就来不及了。) / However I cook eggs, the child still refuses to eat them.(不管我用什么方法煮鸡蛋,小孩还是不肯吃。) 2、分类： 从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句等。(参见以下各条) 3、各从句在句子中的位置以及用法： (1) 表语从句：在句子中作连系动词的表语的从句,它位于主句中的系动词之后。例如：That is why he did not come to school yesterday. / It is because you are so clever. (2) 宾语从句：在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。①基本形式：(主句＋)连词+从句主语+从句谓语+... ②关于宾语从句连词的选择：若从句来源于一个陈述句,那么,连词用that,在口语中that可以省略; 若从句来源于一个一般疑问句,连词则用if 或whether; 若从句来源于一个特殊疑问句,则连词就是疑问词(如what,who,where,when等) 例如：They believe that the computer will finally take the place of human beings.(他们相信计算机终将代替人类。) (从句本来就是陈述句)/ I wonder whether I should say something for him to the headmaster. (我不知道是不是该为他在校长跟前说点什么。) (从句来源于一般问句Shall I say something for him to the headmaster?) / He asked me where he could get such medicine. (他问我在哪儿能搞到那样的药。) (从句来源于特殊问句Where can he get such medicine? ) ③宾语从句的时态问题：如果主句是现在时,从句则用现在某一时态,甚至可以用过去时；如主句是过去时,从句则相应地使用过去某一时态,遇到客观真理时仍然用现在时。如：I think I will do better in English this term. (我想本学期我的英语会学得好点。) / The teacher asked the boy if the earth is round. (老师问那个男孩地球是不是圆的。) ④下列结构后面的从句一般也作为宾语从句看待：be sorry / afraid / sure / glad +that从句,如：I’m sorry I’m late. (对不起,我迟到了。) / I’m afraid he isn’t in at the moment. (恐怕他此刻不在家。) (3) 状语从句：在复合句中作状语,其位置可以在主句前或主句后。状语从句可以分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、比较、让步、条件等几种。状语从句由从属连接词引导。时间状语从句通常由when ,as ,while, after, before, since, as soon as ,since, till (until), while, whenever 等
第一部分导论 从句的种类繁多。根据对各类试卷进行综合分析，不外乎由三大类组成：一是名词性从句，包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、介词宾语从句、以及同位语从句；二是定语从句，包括限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句、割裂式定语从句、搭配式定语从句；三是状语从句，包括时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、条件状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句以及伴随情况状语从句。 一、名词性从句 (一)主语从句 1. It has been pointed out __ their suggestions are reasonable to a certain dear A. whether B. that C. what D. why 选B. that 作引导词,引出主语从句,it形式主语. 2.__ get rid of the force of friction is still a hard nut to us. A. How can we B. How we can C. Why should we D. Why we should 选B.表示"我们该如何克服这种摩擦力仍然是个棘手的问题. 3.__ men have learned much from heavier of animals is not new at all. A. What B. That C. Which D. Whether 选B,句中的much是宾语,所以不能选A 4. How did it come about __ you made a lot of mistakes in your home wonk? A. whether B. what C. why D. that 选D,这里it 是形式主语,that 引导的是主主从句. 5. __you were arguing about last night has been settled. A. That B. Which C. It D. What 选D, what引导主语从句;同时,在从句中作about的宾语. (二) 表语从句 1. The reason for his success is __he worked harder than you.
主从复合句--表语从句 表语从句：在句子中作连系动词的表语的从句,它位于主句中的系动词之后。 例如：That is why he did not come to school yesterday. / It is because you are so clever. 一、表语从句的定义：表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。 二、表语从句的构成：关联词+简单句 三、引导表语从句的关联词的种类： 1. 可接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, seem, sound, appear等。 China is no longer what she used to be. 今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。 The question remains whether they will be able to help us. 问题还是他们能否帮我们。 At that time, it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word. 当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。 2. 从属连词whether, as, as if / though引导的表语从句 He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 听起来好像有人在敲门。 3. because, why引导的表语从句 That's because he didn't understand me. 那是因为他没有理解我。 (That's because...强调原因) That's why he got angry with me. 那正是他对我生气的原因。(That's why...强调结果) what引导的主语从句表示结果或名词reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that 引导，不宜用because。 The reason why I was sad was that he didn't understand me. 我难过的原因是他没有理解我。 4. 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如： The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那 就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 5. 从属连词that。如： The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 6. 使用虚拟语气的表语从句 在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用"should+动词原形" 表示，should可省略。常见的词有：advice, suggestion, order, proposal, plan, idea等。 My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出 发。 四、应注意的问题： 1. 连系动词be，appear，seem，look等之后可以跟表语从句。 It was because he didn't pass the exam. 那是因为他没有通过考试。 It seems（that）he was late for the train. 看来他没搭上火车。
高考英语语法讲解——主从复合句（附练习题）
复合句 由一个主句和一个或 一个以上的从句构成 的句子叫复合句。在复 合句中主句是全句的 主体，从句是全句的一 个成分，不能独立。 从句有： 名词性从句（主语从句，表语从句，宾语 从句和同位语从句） 状语从句 定语从句 （详细请看以下内容） II.状语从句 状语从句是每年高考必考的内容，在高考试题中加上其它从句的干扰，以 及倒装句，强调句的介入，使得状语从句更为复杂。 1.时间状语从句 由下列连词引导：when，while，as，before，after，once，till，until，since，as soon as，now that，hardly…when， scarcely…when，no sooner…than，有一些表示时间的副词（短语）或名词短语也可引导时间状语从句。如：directly，instantly，immediately，by the time，the moment，the second，the minute，the instant，every time，each time，next time，the last time等 重点内容如下： ①when，while，as引导的时间状语从句 ▲as表示“当……的时候”，往往和when/ while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。 She came up as I was cooking.（同时） The runners started as the gun went off.（几乎同时）▲when（at or during the time that ）既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。 It was raining when we arrived.（指时间点） When we were at school， we went to the library every day.（在一段时间内） When we arrived there，the film had already begun.（先后发生） ▲while意思是“当……的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生，从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在when表示a period of time时，两者可以互换。 Please don’t talk so loud while/when others are working. He fell asleep while/when reading. Strike while the iron is hot.（不可用as或when，这里的while意思是“趁……”） ②before状语从句的重点句型 ▲……之后……才：It was a long time before I got to sleep .