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英语阅读理解解题技巧：猜词秀
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English reading comprehension problem solving skills: Guess the word
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教师：风老师
风顺第二小学
编订：FoonShion教育
英语阅读理解解题技巧：猜词秀
上期我们谈到了做阅读理解题的一般方法，本期介绍更具体更实用的方法。在阅读的时候，常常会遇到一些生词，影响我们的阅读速度，其实大部分生词的意思都可以通过上下文的关系猜出来，下面就介绍一些猜词的技巧：
1.通过因果关系猜词
通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult，ofcourse，therefore等等)表示前因后果。例如：
Youshouldn’thaveblamedhimforthat，foritwasn’thisfault.通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错)，可猜出blame的词义是"责备"。
2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词
通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happyandgay，即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如ManhasknownsomethingabouttheplanetsVenus，
Mars，andJupiterwiththehelpofspaceships.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均为生词，但只要知道planets 就可猜出这几个词都属于"行星"这一义域。通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however等；二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：Heissohomely，notatallashandsomeashisbrother.根据notatall...handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。
3.通过构词法猜词
在阅读文章时，我们总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识，这些问题便不难解决了。
4.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义
例如：Butsometimes，norainfallsforalong，longtime.Thenthereisadryperiod，ordrought.
从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即drought，由此可见drought意思为"久旱"，"旱灾"。而adryperiod和drought是同义语。这种同义或释义关系常由is，or，thatis，inotherwords，becalled或破折号等来表示。
5.通过句法功能来推测词义
高考英语阅读理解九大猜词技巧 1.利用定义或解释(definition or explanation) Signal words: means, refers to, be called, be known as ,can be defined as, in other words,that is , that is to say, 定语从句…..etc. 举例： Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots(嫩芽）, or young leaves of trees.(B) The word "pruning" means______ A. Regular cutting（修剪）of the plants B. Frequent watering C. Regular use of chemicals D. Growing the plants high in the mountain 2.利用普通常识和经验(common sense or experience) 举例： 1. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today． "ocelot" means _________________(an endangered wild cat) 2.The period of adolescence, the period between childhood and adulthood ,may be long or short. "adolescence" means___________(The period between childhood and adulthood) 3.利用同义/同位语(similarity/appositive) Signal words：for example ，for instance，such as ，like，as---as，etc. 举例： The largest player –Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Center offers a wide variety of choices, such as deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are the big favorite of the tourists. (C) The words "deluxe sedans," "minivans" and "station wagons" used in the text refer to ____. A. cars in the making B. car rental firms C. cars for rent D. car makers 4.利用举例(from examples) Signal words: as, like, the same as，unlike, but，however, on the contrary, while,instead…ect. 举例： 1. The snow was falling.Big flakes drifted(飘）with the wind like feathers. 2. Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy person who does not like to go to parties or make new friends. 5.利用比较或对比(comparison or contrast) (1)Overwork may cause diseases. over（过分的、过量的）＋work＝overwork“工作过度”。 (2)There was a dissatisfied look in the manager's eyes. dis “不”+ satisfied“满意的=dissatisfied “不满意的”。 6.利用构词法(Word formation)：前缀、后缀、复合、派生等 举例： 1. Is he intelligent or stupid? 2. Most women in Ghana--- the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the
高中英语阅读理解中的猜词技巧 Teaching Design Date: 2014—11—15 Topic: How to guess unknown words and expressions in reading comprehension. Students: Class 4 Grade 3 Teacher: Lai Ruiwen 一教学分析 1.教学内容简述 该课是一堂专项阅读训练课，具体介绍在高中英语阅读理解中的猜词技巧。“猜测词句意义”题型在高考阅读中占有一定的份量，每年的高考题中有2-3题，也就是每篇阅读基本上有1题，占了一定的份量。而我们学生在这方面的技能显得薄弱，猜词能力比较差，猜词没有具体的系统的方法，因此，针对此题型的训练就显得很有必要。在必要时，做些语法分析，通过词与词的关系，确定其词性；有时根据常识和生活经验或构词法知识，完全可以对那些从未见过的生词的词义作出正确的推测。做这种题时，特别要注意的是，对于那些我们熟悉的词千万不要妄自、草率下结论，一定要结合上下文判断它在文中的意思。 2 教学对象分析 高三的学生到了高三下学期，积累了一定的词汇量，具备了一定的语篇分析能力，通过一定的练习，掌握了一些阅读理解解题技巧，但是学生普遍基础薄弱，句子分析能力差，不知道联系上下文，阅读能力实属一般，很多同学甚至都是凭感觉在做题，并无系统的解题方法。因而，希望通过此节课使学生的阅读理解能力有所提高。 二．教学目标分析 1. Knowledge and skills: (1)Enable Ss to know the basic questions patterns in NMET reading comprehension. (2)Help Ss basically know how to guess the word meaning in reading. (3)Help Ss improve some related reading skills. 2. Process and methods (1) 通过具体的例子引入这节课的话题，介绍其在高考中所占的比重和考查形式。使其重视这一部分内容的学习。 （2）通过归纳总结的方式找出猜词题的解题技巧。教师强调重难点，最后再通过练习巩固技巧。最终使得学生自己学会分析问题解决问题。 3 Emotional skills (1) Make Ss become more confident in Reading. (2) Enable Ss to enjoy reading. 三. Teaching emphasis and difficulties: Guess the word or expressions according to the context clues. 四Teaching methods: Summarizing, practicing, co—operation and interaction. 五：Teaching aids:
I am Carlos. I am from America, but I love Italian food. I have to take the orders and serve the food. I have two free evenings a week. But I always have to work on Friday and Saturday evenings when the restaurant is busy. The wages are not good, but I am nice to customers so I get a lot of tips. I am permanent so I get holiday pay --- three weeks a year. I go back to America and I see my family. There I don't have to serve food --- my mother serves me! 21. Carlos is a ____________. A. big restaurant owner B. chef C. waiter 22. Carlos loves ____________ food. A. Italian B. British C. American 23. Carlos works ____________. A. in the daytime B. in the evenings C. at lunchtime 24. The restaurant is usually busy ____________. A. on Friday and Saturday afternoons B. on Friday and Saturday evenings C. every day 25. Carlos gets ____________. A. holiday pay B. no tips from the customers C. good wages 答案： 21.C; 22.A; 23.B; 24.B; 25.A Xiaoyan: I'd like to do some exercise today. Is there a swimming pool near here? Polly: Yes, there are two actually. Xiaoyan: Where are they? Polly:There is the Springfield Pool just behind the shops and there's the New Street Pool further away. That one is much better. Xiaoyan: What's it like? Polly:Well, it has two pools. One is Olympic standard and the other is smaller but much warmer. It is really for children, but I go in there when I am cold. It has a sauna and a really
高考英语阅读理解的猜词技巧 猜测词义，是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇提供的信息、行文逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某个生词、难词、关键词的词义。英语词语的意义非常丰富，语境不同，词义也就不同。所以解决此类题目要掌握一定的猜词策略。 I.根据上下文语境进行猜测 任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，也是高考的热点。如： 例1.(2002年全国卷，B篇)“Organic produce is always better，”Gold said，“The food is free of pesticides(农药)，and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms. And more often than not it is locally(本地)grown and seasonal，so it is more tasty.”Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend，and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business 62.What is the meaning of “the organic trend”as the words are used in the text？ A.growing interest in organic food B.better quality of organic food C.rising market for organic food D.higher prices of organic food 例2.(2003年全国卷,C篇)Fermat's Last Theorem(定理).First put forward by the French mathematician Pierrede Fermat in the seventeenth century，the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds，including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem，and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique. 65.Which of the following best exp lains the meaning of the word “baffle” as used in the text？ A.To encourage people to raise questions. B.To cause difficulty in understanding. C.To provide a person with an explanation. D.To limit people's imagination. 例3.If he thinks he can invite me out, he is all wet. I don’t like to be with him. A. drunk B. sweating C. happy D. mistaken 练习：1.A deaf and dump guy went into a hardware store to ask for some nails. 2. The climate of the west coast is the most moderate in Canada, summers are cool and fairly dry and winters are mild, cloudy and wet. Even in mid-winter, the temperature is usually above freezing. 3. All the houses in the city collapsed during the earthquake. 4. For people who live within a stone’s throw from the office to be late to work is unforgivable. 5. The conflagration was so fierce that with just a few second one could see towering flames where the house had stood and the smoke which filled the sky could be seen for miles and miles. （二）根据定义或解释猜测词义 有些阅读文章，尤其是新闻报导及科普类文章中的有些生词，往往在其后有对该词进行解释说明性的短语或句子，如to be, that is , mean, stand for, namely, to refer to, to mean ,in other
专题复习： 关于阅读理解中的猜词悟义题 近几年的高考阅读理解题越来越重视对考生猜词悟义能力的考查，猜测词悟义的能力，即掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，对排除阅读中生词的干扰、降低生词率、提高阅读速度和理解能力是必不可少的，这是考生英语阅读理解能力的一个重要组成部分。这种不用词典而通过上下文来认识生词的能力是每一个考生所必须具备的能力。这类题主要考查考生对文中的重点词句的理解，要求考生对文章中的个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释或推测其义。 常用的问题形式： 1. He underlined word（phrase）in the passage means ________________． 2. The word "it（them）"in the first paragraph refers to _____________． 3. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means _____________． 4. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？ 5. What does（do）the underlined word（words）refer to？ 6. According to the passage, ―…‖ probably means ______________. 7. The author uses the word ―…‖ to mean __________. 8. The underlined word/phrase/team ―…‖means ______________. 9. The word ―…‖ in paragraph …refers to __________. 10. What does ―…‖ in the second paragraph stands for? 11. The sentence ―…‖ means _______________. 例如: Apple trees may grow as tall as 12 metres and they grow best in areas that have cold winters. Although no fruit is yielded during the winter, this cold period is good for the tree. The underlined word ― yielded‖ most probably means__________. A. sold B. bought C. improved D. produced Another source of knowledge is the vast store of traditional practices handed down form father to son, or mother to daughter, of old country customs, of folklore. All this is very difficult for a college student to examine, for much knowledge and personal experience is needed here to separate good plants form wild grass. The college student should learn to realize and remember how much of real value science has found in this wide, confused wilderness and how often scientific discoveries of what had existed in this area long ago. In this paragraph the phrase ―this wide, confused wilderness‖ refers to _________. A. personal experience B. wild weeds among good plants C. the information from the parents D. the vast store of traditional practices 猜词悟义方法： 一、针对性解释 针对性解释是作者为了更好地表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂
英语阅读课程小结 第一篇：英语阅读课程小结看选项之后的 第一步就是排除，比较典型的排除干扰选项的方法有：1）用同性元素来排除2）用错误选项的典型特征排除：a）所述 和原文相反；b）无中生有；c）和常识一致，却和文中科学论述相悖；d）是原文不严谨的改写或推理；e）违背常理；f） 语气极端过于绝对正确选项的特征——原文改写一、最常见的原文改写的方法是词性变换，同义词、同义词组的替换，这些变化往往体现了选项与原文之间的文字与文字之间的精确的对应二、原文改写还有一种很普遍的方式就是句式和表达法的转换三、如果题干出现与原文某处的强对比关系词，则答案也应当对原文所述取反，这种原文与选项之间反义替换，也是文字对应的一种细节题的命题规律及解题方法一、列举处常考列 举处是指用first(ly)，second(ly)，third(ly)，finally；not only…but also；then；in addition；further more；moreover；above all；on one hand… on the other hand 等表示顺承关系的词语列举出的事实。要求考生从列举出的内容中，选出符合题干要求的答案项。该考点常出题型是“细节事实题”。二、例证处常考为了使自己的观点更有说服力、 更加明确，作者经常用具体的例子打比方，句中常用由as，such as，for example，for instance，take…as an example等引导的短语或句子作为例证，这些例句或比喻就成 为命题者提问的焦点。三、转折对比处常考一般而言，转折 后的内容常常使语义的重点，命题者常对转折处的内容进行提问。转折一般通过however，but，yet，in fact等词语来引
英语阅读中的猜词技巧：阅读是一个综合概念, 其能力的强弱关系到读者充足的词汇量、语言知识及背景知识。但是, 只有这些知识, 还不能顺利完成阅读任务。本文侧重对英语阅读中猜测技巧进行论述和介绍, 以求帮助学生提高阅读速度和理解能力。 大学英语教学大纲指出: 大学英语教学的目的是培养学生具有较强的阅读能力。!阅读是一个综合概念, 其能力的强弱关系到读者充足的词汇量、语言知识及背景知识。但是, 只有这些知识, 还不能顺利完成阅读任务。面对不同题材、不同话题, 我们即使已经掌握了上万个词汇量, 在阅读中, 还自然会遇到许多生词, 查阅字典固然是一种方法, 但我们不能也不可能每遇到一个生词就去查字典, 它不仅费时费力, 而且影响阅读速度和兴趣, 特别是在各类英语考试或竞赛中, 更不可能用此方法解决。理解词义是培养理解能力的首要基本功。我们除了平时下大力气来学习词汇外, 还要掌握阅读中猜测生词和理解词义的方法和技巧。 笔者根据几年的教学实践, 针对英语教学中猜词技巧的训练, 提出几点体会, 以求帮助学生提高阅读速度和理解能力。 一、弄清词形和词性 文章是由词组成的。弄清词性是理解词义的基本常识, 对于大体理解文章至关重要。一般而言, 名词, 充当主语、宾语或表语, 通常表示人或物,或某种抽象概念; 动词, 一般充当谓语, 表示某种行为; 形容词, 一般充当表语或定语成分, 表示性质、属性、大小、颜色等限定性特征; 副词, 通常充当状语, 修饰形容词或副词, 表示频率或程度; 介词, 除从属或固定搭配外, 多半跟时间、地点词组搭配。再者, 英语的词性往往可以从词尾来判断, 如具有- ica,l - fu,l - ous等词尾的词往往是形容词; 具有- ness, - ion, - ity等词尾的词绝大部分是名词。另一方面, 词性及其在句子中的作用, 常可由它前后的标志词!来判断, 如if in to, from, with 等介词和名词、代词组成短语; if when, unt il等可能引出从句; a，its等词后面往往是名词; can,may, must migh t等词后面一般是动词。 例如: 1. Cheryl Spanger suffers from HIV, staying at home for nearly 3 years.Cheryl Spanger和HIV 都可判断其名词, Ch ery l Spanger处在主语地位,HIV 处于宾语位子, 有谓语动词suffers from和staying at home可推断CherylSpanger是指人, 同时也可由su ffers from 可推断H IV是某种疾病或痛苦, 句子就可理解完整了。 2. He shed from the award ceremony andwatch ed itonTV at the back of thegymn asium.Shed 在句中处于谓语地位, 表示主语所发出的某种行为, 根据整句意思, 大体推测其意为离开!, 句子就可大致理解过关了。 3. If you practice speak ing Eng lish con sistently, you. llmak e i.tCons is ten tly是副词, 修饰practice, 表示p ract ice的程度, 句子就可轻松理解过关。 4. Because of th is posit ive method, I eagerly an swered all th e quest ion s.Pos it ive 是形容词, 表示某种性质情况, 根据上下文即可推测其义为好的!这方面的意思, 这与其确切含义积极的、正面的!十分接近, 句子就可顺利理解过关。 二、利用构词法猜测生词
高中英语阅读中的猜词技巧导学案 授课背景：近几年的高考阅读理解题越来越重视对考生猜词悟义能力的考查。猜词悟义能力，即掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，对排除阅读中生词的干扰、降低生词率、提高阅读速度和理解能力是必不可少的，这是考生英语阅读理解能力的一个重要组成部分。这种不用词典而通过上下文来认识生词的能力是每一个考生所必须具备的能力。 授课目的：以高考题中出现的猜词题为载体使学生掌握高考中此类题型的出题规律和解题技巧：构词法(合成法，派生法及取头取尾法);语境法（释义描述法，同义关系法，对比关系法，因果关系法及经验常识法）。 常用的设问形式： 1. The word "it（them）"in the first paragraph refers to/means _____________． 2. The underlined word（phrase/ sentence）in the last paragraph means / refers to _____________． 3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？ 阅读技巧—猜词（不查字典完成下面的导学案，你可以做到吗？） Ⅰ. 构词法类 1. Can you guess the chinese meaning of the following words? forget-me-not__________ baby-sitter __________ out-of-date computer________ outbreak of Bird Flu____________ …Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifters, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them. …What does the word “shoplifter” mean? A. A thief B. A guide in a shop C. the owner of a shop D. A porter (搬运工) 总结：你是使用构词法中哪种方法猜出来的？ 2. Can you guess the chinese meaning of the following words? mispronounce __________ nonsmoker ___________ widen __________ musician __________ 总结：你是使用构词法中哪种方法猜出来的？你还记得那些常见的前缀和后缀？(3-5个) 3. 写出下列单词的汉语意思，并说出他们是如何构成的？ Brunch __________ Smog __________ Chinglish ________ Smilence ____________ The Guardian(卫报)described the scene of a friend?s face buried in a screen as "a distinctly 21st—century problem”. A new word has been created to describe this—phubbing. It is the act of looking at your mobile phone instead of paying attention to others during a social interaction(互动交流).(2014 成都二诊C篇) What does the word “phubbing” mean? How is it made up of ?
高中英语阅读理解猜词题的解题技巧 摘要：本文针对高中阅读理解中的猜词题介绍了几种做题方法，并列举了一些实例进行了分析。 关键词：猜词题猜词义做题方法 在英语学习中，我们会遇到许多生词。这时，也不必立即翻阅字典。我们可以利用语境，根据前后词、句子、以及相关信息推测、判断生词的词义。 高中英语阅读理解题中，我们经常碰到猜测词义的题型。在做这类题时，我们可以利用以下一些方法： 一根据解释猜词义 在文章中，作者为了更好的表达思想，对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等要进行进一步的更明确的解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，我们可以利用它们比较容易地猜出词义。 1、根据定义猜测词义 如果句子或段落是生词的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是词语的含义。例如：The rooster is the national emblem of France thanks to a wordplay: the Latin word meaning coq ,or rooster. rooster 其实是对coq解释，因此两者的意思都为cock。 2、根据同位语、定语猜测词义 虽然同位语、定语不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是提供的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。例如，同位语in fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today.此例中，我们不难看出an endangered wild cat是ocelot 的同位语，也不难看出ocelot的意思。在构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号和括号等。又如Towards the evening, there comes the grand finale of the opening day ,an extremely exciting horserace.从an exciting horserace ,towards the evening ,of the opening day 等判断，应该是首日的最后一场的压台戏出场了。需要注意的是：同位语前还常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say i.e. 等副词或短语出现。在定语从句There are not many factories in Orkney, just two distilleries which make whisky and a few small …中,根据从句which make whisky 可以判断distillery 是a place where wine is made。 3、根据举例猜测词义
大学英语四六级阅读猜词技巧解读 在英语学习中，我们自然会遇到许多生词。这时，许多人立即翻阅字典，查找词义。其实，这种做法是不科学的。它不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度。事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落有着互相制约的关系。我们可以利用语境(各种已知信息)推测、判断某些生词的词义。猜测词义时，可利用以下线索：一、针对性解释针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等所作的解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，利用它们猜词义比较容易。1、根据定义猜测词义如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。【例一】anthropology is the scientific study of man.由定义可知，anthropology就是"研究人类的科学"。【例二】In slang the term "jam" constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation.同样，从上下文的定义可知jam一词在俚语中的意思是"困境"。定义句的谓语动词多为：be， mean， deal with， be considered， to be， refer to， be called， be known as， define， represent， signify，constitute等。2、根据复述猜测词义虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是提供的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。复述部分可以适当词、短语或是从句。1)同位语【例一】Semantics， the study of the meaning of words， is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.
英语阅读理解中的猜词技巧 在二语习得过程中，阅读理解的最主要障碍是词汇。从某种意义上讲，能否巧妙处理阅读理解中遇到的生词或熟词新义问题，是快捷突破英语阅读理解瓶颈的关键。由于我们不可能对所有的英语词汇都有所了解和掌握，所以应用猜词技巧，判断出困扰文章阅读理解词汇的正确含义就显得意义非凡。 一、根据构词法猜测词义 在英语词汇中，有相当一部分单词是通过派生、转化、合成构成的，乍看起来，这个词好像是个生词，但是依据三种构词法就能很快判断出这一生词的词义和词性。例如：Because of the many violent storms, the Triangle is often impassable, 中的impassabel是由前缀im-(not的意思）和passable(可通过的）两部分组成，所以，impassable的意思就是“不能通行的”。 二、根据与上下文之间的关系猜测词义 生词不是孤立的，封闭的，它出现于期中的句子、段落，都会提供很多的暗示和线索。根据生词与上下文之间的关系可推测出生词的含义。例如：Drinking some icy water from the river in front of the bear
trap and splashing a lot of water over my head brought me fully to my senses. 并列的两个动名词短语所提供的相关信息（喝冰冷的河水，再往头上洒大量的水）足以说明brought me fully to my senses 的意思，即“使我完全清醒了”。 三、根据同义词的替代关系猜测词义 在句子或段落中，可以利用提示语来判断生词的含义。比如说，如果句子中出现that is, namely, or 等单词或短语，那么这些短语的上下文之间通常是同义词的关系。另外，有时候逗号、括号、破折后等标点符号常被用来表示两个相邻的词（组）为同义词（组）或近义词（组），这些标点符号也为我们理解生词提供了线索。例：Lydia briefly stated that they were going to choose a treasurer, namely a person responsible for the money and acounts for the committee. 这句话的意思说是：莉亚迪简单地陈述了她们将要为委员会选出一个人，这个人负责处理钱财和账务，根据“namely”(也就是）来判断，“treasurer”的意思是“财务管理人”了。 四、根据对比关系猜测词义 在文章中，常有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据表示转折、对比等的连词，如
中考英语阅读猜词6大法宝 在阅读的时候，常常会遇到一些生词，影响我们的阅读速度，其实大部分生词的意思都可以通过上下文的关系猜出来，下面就介绍一些猜词的技巧： 1. 通过因果关系猜词 通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等等)表示前因后果。例如： You shouldn't have blamed him for that，for it wasn't his fault.通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错)，可猜出blame的词义是"责备"。 2. 通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词 通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happy and gay，即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均为生词，但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于"行星"这一义域。通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however等；二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根据not at all...handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。 3. 通过构词法猜词 在阅读文章时，我们总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识，这些问题便不难解决了。 4. 通过定义或释义关系来推测词义 例如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time. Then there is a dry period，or drought. 从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即drought，由此可见drought意思为"久旱"，"旱灾"。而a dry period和drought是同义语。这种同义或释义关系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called或破折号等来表示。 5. 通过句法功能来推测词义 例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同类关系，同
Directions: Guess the meaning of each underlined word. 1.The doctor is studying glaucoma and other diseases of the eye． 2.The harbor is protected by a jetty—a wall built out into the water． 3.Skimming means looking over a passage quickly to get the main idea before you begin to read it carefully． 4.The early scientific study of chemistry，known as alchemy，grew up in Egypt in the first few centuries A．D． 5. A glacier is a river of ice. 6. The nation’s skies were temporarily closed to all air travel. Travelers remain frightened and are avoiding flying. 7. She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. 8. John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, but his wife is very thrifty. 9. The museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibitions in one day. 10. The lack of movement caused the muscle to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the game again. 11. The door was so low that I hit my head on the lintel. 12. My uncle was a nomad, an incurable wanderer who could never stay in one place. 13. Procrastinators are people who have a chronic habit of putting things off，usually until the last minute and sometimes until it is too late altogether． 14. Insomnia is the inability of fall asleep or sleep restlessly． 15. More recently, scientists have documented an alarmingly high occurrence of frogs with malformations. 16. In the strong wind, the beggar shivered with the terrible cold. 17. Jean was born with spina bifida, a birth illness that damages the spine (脊骨). 18. Saint Valentine’s Day is a time of happiness for lovers．Boys like to give girls flowers as presents．On that day, he came to see me with a forget-me-not in his hand． 19. When he reached the place with his army, he found an impassable river in front of him． 20. The woman's feet hurt, so she went to a podiatrist． 21. Mr. Smith always arrive home punctually，neither early nor late．