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英语错题集的整理策略

英语错题集的整理策略
英语错题集的整理策略

英语错题集的整理策略

学习中,大部分学生都会有这样的体会:许多题目讲过了、做过了、考过了,有的还不只考过一遍,最终还是错了,这些错题的背后,往往隐藏了学习过程中所产生的漏洞。那么如何弥补这些漏洞呢?凡是善于总结失败教训的人往往比别人多一些接近成功的机会,正所谓“失败乃成功之母”。因而整理错题集不失为一剂良策。很多同学可能做过数理化等的错题集,对英语错题集却比较陌生。其实道理是一样的,英语错题集,是用于整理积累平时学习中出现的错题。

一、建立英语错题集的必要性

在平时的练习、及每次的考试中,学生所出现的错误可以说是因人而异,各不相同。有些学生是单词没巩固,有些学生是语法没掌握,还有的是由于句意不理解而导致错误。尤其基础相对比较薄弱的同学错题复现的次数更多。总之,学生的错误并不相同,而老师在评析练习试卷时,也不可能完全照顾到每一位同学试卷上的错题情况,这就为建立错题集提供了必要性。每次做完练习或考试过后,如果每个同学把试卷上或作业上做错的原题以及改正后的正确答案写到错题集上,那么,同学们在复习查阅时,就可一目了然。并且在以后的测试中,错误复现率便会大大降低。同时任课教师也具备了了解学生学习情况的第一手材料,在辅导时也更有针对性。但面对如此多的错题,同学们应该怎么做呢?

二、如何做错题集

由于英语学科的特殊性决定其内容纷繁复杂。有些如单词,短语的固定搭配等,确实需要死记硬背;而在考察过程中,往往检测的又是学生的实际应用能力。英语题型基本可以划分为两大类:考察基础的知识型题目和考察综合运用的能力型题目。

知识型的题目,除把错误更正,加以明晰,并在今后的复习中注意,还应查找资料或咨询老师,把相关的知识点总结整理在一起。如He read an English novel at home.一句,很多同学就忽视了read在此为过去式,因而在时态的判断上出错。而此类用法的单词还有cut ,put等,在整理时就应注明。

而能力型的题目则重在总结做题的方法和技巧。如选择题常用的排除法,只要运用得当,可收到相当不错的效果。关键在于熟能生巧。而像写作这一类主观性题目,实际上只需坚持“不选难的,只写对的”。只要不出错误,简单亦是美文。

这里着重介绍一种活页型错题集,具体做法如下:

1、及时整理。

对于每一个错题都要经过认认真真的分析,研究出错的原因,找准致错的症结,及时进行改错,及时整理,降低再次犯错的可能性。同学们可以根据自己的实际情况将自己错误进行分类,并将各题注明属于某一类型,这一步刚开始可能比较磨人,可是“磨刀不误砍柴工”这个步骤绝对不能省。这样分类的优点在于既能按错因查找,又能按各类易错知识点查找,给今后的复习带来简便,另外也简化了“错题集”,可以把平时作业及考试中做错的典型性错误找出来,把错误的习题誊写到一个笔记本上,然后在反面注上完整的分析过程:a.出错原因;b.标明解题的正确方法或依据原理;c.写出正确答案。

2、记录方法。

老师试卷评讲时,要注意老师对错题的分析讲解,该题的引入语、解题的切入口、思路突破方法、解题的技巧、步骤及小结等等。并在该错题的一边注释,写出自己解题时的思维过程,暴露出自己思维障碍产生的原因及根源的分析。这种记述方法开始时可能觉得较困难或写不出,不必强行要求自己,初始阶段可先用自己的语言写出小结即可,总结得多了,自然会有心得体会,渐渐认清思维的种种障碍(即错误原因)。

3、必要的补充。

前面的工作仅是一个开始,最重要的工作还在后面,对“错题集”中的错题,不一定说

订正得非常完美了,就证明你这一知识的漏洞就已经弥补好了。对于每一个错题,还必须要查找资料或课本,找出与之相同或相关的题型,并作出解答。比如在come out 这个词组的运用时,既要理解它作为“出版,发行”时的用法,同时也要了解这个词组也可以作为“真相为…所知,传出”,我们所学习到的常见的句型有“It came out that…”如果没有困难,说明这一知识点,你可能已经掌握了,如果还是不能解决,则对于这一问题的处理还要再深入一点。因为在下一次测试中,在这一问题上,你可能还要犯同样的错误。

4、错题改编。

这一工作的难度较大,解题经验丰富的同学可能做起来比较顺利。因为每道试题都是老师编出来的,既然老师能编,我们作为学生的,当然要能学会如何去该,这是弥补知识漏洞的最佳的方法。初始阶段,同学们只需对题目条件做一点改动。比如:

The old building in the city__ in a terrible earthquake in the Ming Dynasty.

A.was ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined

解析:因为题中明确给出了过去的一个具体时间in the Ming Dynasty,所以用一般过去时,选A

若题目改为“The old building in the city__ in the past few centuries.”答案则为C.

若题目改为“The mayor told us the old building in the city__ in the past few centuries.”答案则为D.

5、活页装订。

将“错题集”按自己的风格,编号页码,进行装订,由于每页不固定,故每次查阅时还可及时更换或补充。在整理错题集时,一定要有恒心和毅力,不能为完成差事而搞花架子,整时不要在乎时间的多少,对于相关错误知识点的整理与总结,虽然工作繁杂,但其作用决不仅仅是明白了一道错题是怎样求解这么简单,更重要的是通过整理“错题集”,你将学会如何学英语、如何研究英语,掌握哪些知识点在将来的学习中会犯错误,真正做到“吃一长一智”。

另外一些比较有代表性、能够举一反三的好题目也应收入错题集。如在比较lonely 和alone 的用法时,就有一句经典例句He lives alone, but he doesn’t feel lonely.还要注意选择一些正确的题目,尤其是那些误打误撞、侥幸蒙对的题目。知其然,更要知其所以然。

最后错题集中的错题,都不应该是偏题、怪题,而应该是新课标所要求的、高考中重点考察的、学生又易错、易混淆的问题。只有这样才能够防止矫枉过正。

同时要注意到,错题集的量度也很重要。有的同学凡是遇到不会做的题目,都一古脑儿记入错题集;而有的同学遇到不会做的题目,在请教同学、老师后,认为都会了,于是很少收入错题集。如错题集容量太大,则费时费力;反之容量太小,就起不到应有的作用。

三、如何利用错题集

要经常阅读。错题集不是把做错的习题记下来就完了。之所以出错,大多因为知识点不扎实,所以对待错误要经常见面。时间间隔自己决定,比如一周,也可以两周或一个月,或学完书本的每一章节等,尤其准备下一次考试时,拿出错题本,浏览一下,对错题不妨再做一遍,复习时对完全弄懂的题划掉,还没有明白的题做上标记,及时请教老师和同学,作为以后复习的重点对象。长此以往可以进行两轮、三轮甚至多次的“筛选”直至这些题目你完全掌握。这样经常温故知错,持之以恒,同学们肯定会在考试中有明显的进步,收获颇丰。毛主席说“手中有粮,心中不慌”。在考前面对如山的复习材料,看着自己一个学期整理出来的错题,至少在心态上也会放松不少。

一本好的“错题集”就是自己知识漏洞的题典,平时要注意及时整理与总结,在英语复习时“错题集”就是你最重要的复习资料,最初复习时一定要多回头看,以后隔一段时间可以加长一点,就能够起到很好的复习效果。虽然每位同学的“错题集”不尽相同,但其他同

学的“错题集”中的优点是可以借鉴的,故同学们平时也要注意相互之间的交流。通过交流,同学们可以从别人的错误中吸取教训,得到启发,以此警示自己不犯同样的错误,提高练习的准确性。

总之,这个世界上,所有的困难都敌不过“坚持”二字。坚持下去,一定会有收获。

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