四六级写作与翻译讲义
四六级写作讲义
主讲：吴刚
负面现象类作文
描述图画
人：man、the aged, couple, dealers(商贩)、official、graduate young adult、youngsters、passer-by、boss、journalist、merchant(商人)、love-dedicator(爱心人士)、producer、parents、customer/consumer、driver、individuals.
表情怎样：disappointed、furious(生气的)、frustrated=gloomy distressed 极度痛苦的、excited、enjoyable、astonished、helpless、unconcerned（apathetic）、restless、confused（perplexed）
在做什么：
成因终极万能素材
政策漏洞：policy bug
监管不到：weak supervision of/from authorities concerned
不良社会风气：undesirable general mood of society(后果)
激烈的竞争：fierce competition
扭曲的价值观：distorted value towards life
不恰当的教育理念：inappropriate notion of education
自私自利：egoism
求同思维：convergent thinking
缺乏责任感、自我约束：lack of/lacking social responsibility and self-discipline
缺乏基本的道德良心：lack of/lacking basic ethics/morality and conscience
支撑句：举例(for example)
后果的终极万能素材
可持续性发展（个人、经济、社会）：sustainable development of……
社会风气：general mood of society, social harmony and stability 身心健康：mental and physical health
个人成长：personal growth/sound growth
建议（to do sth）
政府：issue related laws and regulations 颁布相应的法规
enhance supervision
媒体：advocate and publicize the notion/virtue 倡导宣传（价值观/理念/美德）
个人：foster the notion/virtue deliberately 有意识地培养理念/美德 enhance/consolidate self-discipline.加强自我约束
release pressure 减压 welfare福利
观点类作文
万能利弊模板素材：
1、容易成功 achieve success more easily
遭受到失败和挫折 suffer form failure and adversity.
2、获得成就感/满足感/幸福感
Acquire sense of achievement/contentment/happiness
3、得到他人的尊敬obtain respect from others
4、享受良好的人际关系
Enjoy harmonious interpersonal relationship.(1—4 V.)
5、社会风气：general mood of society
6、可持续性发展：sustainable development
7、个人成长：personal growth
8、身心健康：mental and physical health(5-8 n.)
万能引用
人生高贵品质：quantity virtue
人生宝贵经验：concept/awareness/notion
正面观点：Just as a celebrity once said,……
品质1）”Credibility is a fairest blossom, which springs from the soul.”
2）”Life without optimism is like a sailing without wind.”
3）”The spirit of ___is like a shining star enlightening the firmament of humanity.”…….像一颗闪亮的星，点亮了人性的苍穹。
万能举例
人/公司（同位语），is a case in point, which/who is an excellent embodiment of 主题词.But for this notion/virtue/quality, he/it could never be what he/it is now and enjoy the present glory.
写作高频素材归类
1.政府：government=authorities concerned, issue related laws
and regulations, enhance supervision, punish those who are against laws\lawbreaking people , encourage sb to do sth, set up sound social security system\sound legal system, remedy policy bug, ensure the interests of citizens, increase financial input
2.媒体：the public media, advocate and propagandize the notion
of _______\ awareness of _______\desirable value\ virtue of ______, cannot shun the obligation to initiate a campaign against\for sth
3.企业：be self-disciplined, foster sense of social
responsibility, think from consumers’perspective, possess
conscience and morality, make profits by hook or crook, be profit-oriented, produce copycat products\fake and inferior products, spoil\ensure the interest of consumers, be devoid of innovation and originality, pursue long-term profits instead of temporary one, bolster the image of corporations\enterprises, enhance its core competency
4.社会：desirable\ undesirable general mood of society, suffer
from Egoism, stand by when someone is in peril, be indifferent, offer aid to sb, possess a thankful heart to, flaunt health, fierce competition, become rich\famous overnight, build up harmonious and stable society, sustainable development of economy, incredibility, be credible\incredible, aging problem\society, widen the wealth gap, unbalance of …, mutual help, charity and donation,
5.学校: help students to cultivate a more acceptable value,
guide students to be innovative\optimistic\contributive, shoulder the responsibility to educate the students, care for needy students, lack of school nourishment
6.家庭: hold great ambition to their children, cultivate their
children according to their aptitude, compel their children to attend additional courses, possess incorrect notion of education, offer more consideration and affection to their children, divorce of parents, nuclear family, one-child policy, spoil children=love their children to excess, excessive protection from parents,
个人: individuals=people, youngsters=young adults, personal growth, reap without sowing, aim at the moon, depend on their parents for a living, shrink from frustration, achieve one’s goal at the cost of health and
harmonious interpersonal relationship, be weak-willed\ strong-willed, be brave to confront twists and turns, be optimistic\independent\ self-confident\ persistent, be diligent\ idle, lay a solid foundation for future career, possess genuine ability and learning, make wise\sensible decision\option, be innovative, suffer from distorted value towards life\ depreciation, struggle for promising future, be detrimental to mental and physical health, high-achiever, sense of achievement, approach success more easily, degree-oriented, safeguard against evildoers\ fraud…, enhance vigilance towards, grasp opportunity, release pressure, lighten the burden, contribute to the society,
四六级翻译讲义：
例文：
?剪纸（paper cutting）是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术
形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期（the Ming and Qing Dynasties）特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。特别是
在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。
剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地很受
欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。
?中国新年是中国最重要的传统节日，在中国也被称为春
节。新年的庆祝活动从除夕开始一直延续到元宵节（the Lantern Festival），即从农历（lunar calendar）最后一个月的最后一天至新年
第一个月的第十五天。各地欢度春节的习俗和传统有很大差异，但通常
每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚，一起吃年夜饭。为驱厄运、迎好运，家家
户户都会进行大扫除。人们还会在门上粘贴红色的对联（couplets），对
联的主题为健康、发财和好运。其他的活动还有放鞭炮、发红包和探亲
访友等。
2013年12月真题：
【翻译原文一】
许多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看，烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养(nutrition)。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既味美又健康。
【翻译原文二】
“你要茶还是咖啡?”是用餐人常被问到的问题。许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶。相传，中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病，在明清(The Qing Dynasties)期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到18世纪才传到欧美。如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一，茶是中国的瑰宝，也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。
【翻译原文三】
中国结(the Chinese knot) 最初是由手工艺人发明的。经过数百年不断的改造，已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。在古代，人们用它来记录事件，但现在主要用于装饰的目的。“结”在中文里意味着爱情，婚姻和团聚。中国结常常作为礼物交换或用作饰品祈求好运和避邪。这种形式的手工艺(handcraft)代代相传，现在已经在中国和世界各地越来越受欢迎。
【翻译原文四】
信息技术(Information Technology)，正在飞速发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。
Practices for yourself
?对联，作为中国传统文化的一种完美诠释，在中国已经有近千年的历史。它不仅体现了中国诗歌与书法的最高造诣，也是全世界华人社区庆祝新年的一种主要仪式。又因为人们习惯于在新年的第一天将春联
贴于自家门橼之上所以其又被称之为春联。对联的内容通常较为传统，常常表达对于繁荣的期许。对联给我们的春节增添了不少喜庆的色彩，而且若非其存在，中华文明也势必缺少一种极具魅力的艺术表现形式。
课堂训练材料：
1.风水是中国建筑的一种特殊传统，是古人对空间的布置和安排方法。在古代，风水通常将从选址、设计、建筑直到内部和外部装修的整个过程联系在一起。它将天、地、人三者融为一体，并且在所选的地址、方位、自然法则以及人类命运之间寻求和谐。
2.京剧被称为中国的国粹（national opera），起源于18世纪，是将音乐、舞蹈、艺术综合一体的戏剧。/……京剧的剧目（repertoire）主要讲述前朝传说故事，其中包括古代重要的历史事件以及王侯将相，才子佳人.
3.儒家思想出现在大约2500年前的春秋时期（the Spring and Autumn Period), 是建立在夏、商、周的传统文化之上，并由孔子创立的完整观念体系。(ideological system)
4.风水是中国建筑的一种特殊传统，是古人对空间的布置和安排方法，其目的是为了实现建筑与环境的共存。
5.四合院遍布全国的城乡，但由于各地自然条件和生活方式各有不同，因此发展出各自的特点。
6.四合院与胡同都是人们常见到的，有超过700多年的历史，然而由于中国城市改造和经济发展，四合院慢慢的从北京消失。
7.茶和丝绸、瓷器一样，在1000年前为世界所知，而且一直是中国的出口产品。
中国文化历史分类词汇：
?衣：旗袍 qipao；刺绣 embroidery；唐装 Tang Suit；
?食：八大菜系 Eight Major Cuisines; 元宵Tang Yuan 配料：ingredient 红糖brown sugar; 芝麻 sesame；馅料 fillings；馒头 mantou/steamed bread; 馄饨 wonton; 酱油 soybean sauce; 醋vinegar；火锅 hot pot; 春卷spring roll; 豆腐 tofu; 粤（菜）Cantonese cuisine; 北京烤鸭Beijing Roast Duck；筷子chopsticks；夹 nip；餐具 tableware；月饼 mooncake
?住：四合院Siheyuan/quadrangle; 住宅residential housing；城市改造：urban renovation风水 Fengshui ;Geomantic Omen; 紫禁城Forbidden City; 颐和园the Summer Palace; 亭/阁Pavilion; 兵马俑 Terra-Cotta Warriors
?行：轿子 sedan chair 骑马 horse riding
?思：孔子 Confucius；儒家思想 Confucianism; 创始人founder；道教 Taoism; 孟子 Mencius 文房四宝/笔墨纸砚 the Four Treasures of the Study/ brush, ink stick, paper, ink stone; 红楼梦 The Story of the Stone; 水浒传 Water Margins; 西游记 The Journey to the West; 三国演义 The Romance of Three Kingdoms; 论语 The Analects; 史记 Historical Records; 诗经 The Book of Songs; 易经 The Book of Changes; 围棋 weiqi/ go game; 中国象棋 Chinese chess; 五行the Theory of Five Elements; 阴阳yinyang; 算盘abacus; 中医 Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM); 草药 Chinese herbal tea; 望闻问切 watch,listen, ask, feel; 针灸 acupuncture; 拔罐 cupping
?礼：农历 lunar calendar; 新年 Chinese New year; 春节Spring Festival; 除夕 Chinese New Year’s eve; 元宵节 Lantern Festival; 端午节Dragon Boat Festival; 淹死 drown；重阳节 Double Ninth Festival; 中秋节 Mid-Autumn Day; 清明节 Tomb Sweeping Day;
七夕 Double Seventh Festival；银河 Milky Way；牛郎 cowherd；织女 weaver maid；春联 couplets; 红包 red envelops; 庙会 temple fair; 烟花爆竹fireworks and firecrackers; 双喜double happiness; 京剧 Beijing Opera; 太极拳 Tai Chi; 秧歌 Yangko; 中国结 Chinese Knot; 二胡er-hu; 相声 Cross Talk; 孝道 filial obedience; 功夫 kungfu; 门当户对 Perfect Match; 辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new
?现：奢侈的 luxurious；相传 pass dwon；普通话 Putonghua/ Mandarin; 爱国主义patriotism; 诚实守信honesty; 集体主义collectivism; 改革开放 reform and opening-up; 一国两制 one country, two systems; 下岗职工：laid-off workers; 文化大革命Cultural Revolution; 小康社会Well-off Society; 与时俱进advance with the times; 和谐社会 harmonious society; 八荣八耻eight honors and eight shames; 精神文明 ideological civilization; 幅员辽阔vast territory；历史悠久time-honored；多民族的multi-ethnic；民族风俗 folk customs；多种多样的 diversified；中国特色的社会主义 socialism with Chinese Characteristics; 中华文明博大精深，源远流长The Chinese Civilization is extensive and profound;
2018年春季大学英语四六级作文预测 第一部分写作的形式 1.字数 2.段落 3.整洁 第二部分写作的内容 第一节四六级写作核心表达 第一段核心表达： 1.生动地vividly 2.描述describe 3.图画/作者/名言/故事picture 4.显示/表明show,suggest 5.越来越多/越来越 6.关注/忽略pay attention to; 7.重要性importance 8.发人深省的 9.反映reflect 10.字幕,主题subtitle;topic 第二段核心表达： 1.现象 2.解释explain 3.如今nowadays 4.信息技术/高科技/文化information technology 5.导致/影响cause;influence 6.尝试try to do sth. 7.传递send 8.推论infer 9.吸引注意attract attention 10.必要性，至关重要，扮演角色
第三段核心表达： 1.采取措施take measures to(moves--immediate moves) 2.加强意识strengthen the awareness(enhance the consciousness) 3.制定法律/规章make laws and rules(legislation and regulation) 4.采取理性态度take a rational attitude(Take an objective attitude is vitally important.对吗？) 5.解决问题solve the problem（address the issue) 6.强调/重视emphasize(attach importance to/place importance on) 7.个人成长personal growth 8.社会发展social development 9.学业职业academic studies and career development 10.经验视野enrich our experience and broaden our horizon 第二节写作核心句法 1.As,which引导的非限 As is()depicted by the cartoon,a couple is(),()rubbish into the lake,with the()showing the()of environmental consciousness,which is () 2.同位语从句与定语从句 The picture()a phenomenon that pollution is becoming increasingly severe. This picture()a phenomenon that is well-known to us all. 3.虚拟语气 It is high time that we should take moves. It is imperative that we(should)take moves. 4.独立主格结构 Tangible is teaching,talking with her students,(). 随着社会的发展： 随着问题变得严峻： 综上所述： 5.分词与不定式（被动）作后置定语 解释问题的原因： 环境扮演的角色： 要考虑的因素：
一、引出开头 1：It is well-known to us that……（我们都知道……）==As far as my knowledge is concerned, …（就我所知…）2：Recently the problem of…… has been brought into focus. ==Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……（最近……问题引起了关注）3：Nowadays（overpopulation）has become a problem we have to face.（现今，人口过剩已成为我们不得不面对的问题）4：Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.（互联网已在我们的生活扮演着越来越重要的角色，它给我们带来了许多好处但也产生了一些严重的问题）5：With the rapid development of science and technology，more and more people believe that……（随着科技的迅速发展，越来越多的人认为……）6：It is a common belief that……==It is commonly believed that……（人们一般认为……）7：A lot of people seem to think that……（很多人似乎认为……）8:It is universally acknowledged that + 句子（全世界都知道...） 二、表达不同观点 1：People's views on……vary from person to person. Some hold that……However, others believe that……（人们对……的观点因人而异，有些人认为……然而其他人却认为……）2：People may have different opinions on……（人们对……可能会持有不同见解）3：Attitudes towards （drugs）vary from person to person.==Different people hold different attitudes towards（failure）（人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异）4:There are different opinions among people as to……（对于……人们的观点大不相同） 三、表示结尾 1：In short, it can be said that……（总之，他的意思是……）2：From what has been mentioned above, w e can come to the conclusion that……（从上面提到的，我们可以得出结论……）3：Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally/reasonably come to the conclusion that……（把所有的这些因素加以考虑，我们自然可以得出结论……）4：Hence/Therefore, we'd better come to the conclusion that……（因此，我们最好的出这样的结论……）5:There is no doubt that (job-hopping)has its drawbacks as well as merits.（毫无疑问，跳槽有优点也有缺点）6：All in all, we cannot live without……,but at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.（总之，我们没有……无法生活，但同时我们必须寻求新的解决办法来面对可能出现的新问题） 四、提出建议 1：It is high time that we put an end to the (trend).（该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了）2：There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of……（毫无疑问，对……问题应予以足够重视）3：Obviously ,if we want to do something … it is essential that……（显然，如果我们想要做么事，很重要的是……）
四六级写作、翻译必背句型 学习步骤和方法：一看二译三比四背 （一）理解并重点掌握其中的常用表达（划线部分） （二）做汉译英练习，即在不看英文的前提下把中文翻译成英语； （三）将自己的译句与原句对照； （四）默写并口头背诵英语原句 特别提醒： 最好要制订进度计划，即具体每天理解和背诵多少个新句，复习多少个旧句。 1. According to a recent survey, each year four million people die from diseases linked to smoking. 依照最近的一项调查，每年有4，000，000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。 2. The latest surveys show that quite a lot of students have unpleasant associations with homework. 最近的调查显示相当多的学生对家庭作业没什么好感。 3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet. 没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。 4. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation. 人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。 5. An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation. 越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。 6. When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifelong course. 说到教育，大部分人认为其是一个终身的过程。 7. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a person's physical fitness. 许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。 8. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and great efforts should be made to protect local environment from the harmful effects of international tourism. 应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量，努力保护当地环境不受国际旅游业的不利影响。 9. An increasing number of experts believe that migrant workers will exert positive effects on construction of city. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrant workers have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution. 越来越多的专家相信民工对城市的建设起到积极作用。然而，越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法，他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题，像犯罪和卖淫。 10. Many citizens complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time (in) waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers. 许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少，以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车，而车上可能已满载乘客。 11. There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it. 无可否认，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题：城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。 12. An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement. 一项调查显示妇女欢迎退休。
写作和翻译：实质就是汉译英：汉译英的障碍就是语法和词汇——语法：语序+嵌套 形式最重要！！！高级词汇+复杂局势+过渡衔接 字数：120~180 核心语法定语从句： A is …, which can … 身份/属性；成就和功能。 爱心：Love is a kind of emotional strength, which can support us no matter how dark the world around us becomes and how hard the way ahead will be. 替换词：friendship; knowledge; family; diligence; insisting; determination; optimism; harmony 替换词：合作精神；勤奋；友谊；家庭；坚持；决心；乐观；和谐——the greatest humanistic spirit …是我们时代的主题（the theme of our era） 流行与时尚fashionable 网络：Internet is a kind of great invention in the 20th century, which can make the peoplefar away from each other in distance closer than ever before. 空调：Air-conditioner is a kind of invention in the 20th century, which can make the temperature comfortable. 总结：主题词发出两个动作：性质+能力 看到图怎么办？ 非限定性定语从句——正如这幅第一眼看上去诙谐可笑但第二眼看上去发人深省的图画生动地描述，给我印象最为深刻的显著特征是…… As is vividly depicted in the picture which seems to be humorous and ridiculous but thought-provoking on the second thoughts, the most striking feature that impresses me profoundly is thatSpring, one of the realest men throughout the history of mankind all around the whole world that I have ever seen in my entire life, who is thebest that there ever was and the best that there ever will be, is a good teacher that is momentous and fundamental to anyone who want to win the future what the light is vital and significant to the people who desire to break through the dark，and that can support us to realize our vision and achieve our goals no matter how dark the world around us becomes and how hard the way ahead will be, because without him, we could have done nothing, including dream, success, hope and future. 预测一AHarmoniousDormitoryLife
基础模板 题型：一枝独秀 模板1：（仅仅只做参考及明确每句话结构，具体看强化段） 第一段：描述情景： 1.It is beyond reproach that _______(先肯定对立面) 2.However, sb may go too far to_do sth________ 第二段：产生结果、影响 1.It is not unusual to witness that __+现象。 2.what's more/consequently+现象升级或者一点。Therefore/thus, it is high time that we took actions to ______ 第三段：提出自己意见和建议 1.In my opinion/ as far as i can see/from my view/to my heart, 2.on one hand____,on the other hand________。 3.I cling to the belief that only through these ways can we______/only when____,can they/he/she/we/you________总结陈述总体观点。 模板2 第一段：细细描述现象 1.Nowadays/recently,_______________。 2.Thus/as a result,_______ 3.And what's worse___________________ 第二段：解释原因 1.There are various reasons accounting/responsible for__________。 2.For one thing,___________。 3.For another_____________________ In addition to___________ 第三段：我的想法 1.As far as I am concerned,________________。 2.On one hand________,On the other hand_________ 3.In a word__________ 花开两朵 模板 第一段：论述一些人的一些想法 1.During recent years,__话题___has aroused widely/considerably public attention. 2.Undoubtedly ，people hold the opinion that __一方面___,for ____ has occupied an important position in one's mind/To some extent, the _____ has been a unique culture symbol of _______ 第二段：阐述另一方观点
1、方便：convenient/convenience 2、效率：efficient/efficiently/efficiency 3、节省和浪费：save time/money/space; economical, thrift ,waste time/money/space; costly, lavish 4：人的心理健康：independent, cooperative, competitive, considerate, confident, creative, sociable, perseverant; selfish, isolated, conservative 5、人的身体健康：health, disease, strong, strength, energetic 6、娱乐：colorful, pleasure, joy, recreation, entertainment, relax, tired, boring, lonely 7、环境：environment, pollute, poisonous, dirty 8、安全和危险：safe, danger, risk 9. 经验：experience, social experience, enter the society 10. 人际：humane, fair, unfair, help, assist, freedom, freely 11. 网络: the net / the Internet / the web / the virtual world / the electronic world / the cyber world 12. 地球: earth / the Planet earth / our Mother Planet / global village 13. 电脑: the computer / the machine / the device 14. 校园: the campus / the Ivory Tower / the relatively isolated place 15. 社会: the society / the real world 16. 中国: China / the Middle Kingdom / this ancient country 17. 随着...的发展: As... evolves
六级写作背诵范文选 1.On Open Policy The open policy means that our country is open to investment, trade and technical and economic cooperation with other countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit. The purpose of open policy is to acquire advanced technology, management skills to serve our socialist construction so as to promote the realization of the four modernizations. We must adhere to the open policy. Because economic relations between states today have become increasingly close, and no country can possibly advance behind close doors. Only in this way, can we gradually close the gap between our country and the developed countries. Through the implementation of policy, we can learn advanced technology and managerial expertise from abroad; make full use of the foreign capitals to set up great enterprises; absorb useful and healthy ideas and new knowledge of the modern civilization; and broaden our views and raise our level of competence. 2.The place of Science and Technology in Modern Life. Human life can not continue without science and technology. For many years, human society has developed with the advance of science and technology while the development of science and technology has in turn brought the process to mankind. So the life we are living now is more civilized than that of our fore fathers. The development of science and technology have brought about many changes in people's life. For example, the invention of television and space rocket have opened a new era for mankind. Through the use of TV people can hear the sound and learn the events happening thousands of miles away. Owing to the invention of spaceship and rocket, the dream of man's landing on the moon has now come true. Science and technology also play an important role in our socialist construction. We may say, our socialist construction is just like a skyscraper, while science and technology are its base. Without the base, the skyscraper can't be built. Therefore, we should try our best to contribute to the development of science and technology so as to provide a more solid base to build our country. 3.Importance of Education China, as a developing country, is determined to catch up with and even surpass the developed ones. I think that one of the best possible ways to do so is to give first priority(优先）to the development of culture, science and especially education. In modern times, when science and technology are making great progress, the education of the work force is of primary importance. Moreover, many of the success in advanced countries have demonstrated that a nation 's prosperity mainly depends on the quality of its labour force, namely those who have been well educated. In a developing country such as China, our investment in culture, education and science, and especially elementary education, must enjoy top priority. This is crucial(决定性的）for China to catch up with the developed nations in today's surging(汹涌的) waves of technological revolution. Otherwise, the gap between China and advanced countries will be widened rather than bridged.
大学英语四六级写作常用高频词汇短语 一、金钱和时间 a tight budget资金紧张 a time filler消磨时间的事物 a waste of time and resources消耗时间和资源abandon oneself to沉溺于 academic performance学习表现，学习成绩 bankrupt破产；破产的；破产者 be obsessed with沉迷于 be short of缺乏 be wasteful with浪费 burn money花钱 costly昂贵的 discontinue one's studying辍学 economic burden经济负担 economic difficulty经济困难 expend花费，消耗 expensive昂贵的 finance资助，负担经费；财政，金融 financial aid经济资助 financial strain资金紧张 income收入 induce劝诱；促使，导致，引起 invest投资 jobless失业者；失业的 limited public funds有限的公共基金 misleading令人误解的，引入歧途的 money-consuming浪费钱的 money-oriented拜金主义的 needy贫困的，缺乏生活必需品的 occupy占用 overdraft透支 pass time消磨时光 poverty line贫困线 poverty-stricken贫困的，贫乏的 profitable赢利的，有益的 refrain自制，节制，避免，制止 resist the temptation抵制诱惑 restrain抑制，制止 revel in着迷，酷爱，纵情于，沉迷于 rewarding有益的，值得的
明星代言问题 目前，我们很难过上一天没有看到一个名人代言人推广产品或一个社会运动在电视，网络或其他媒体。这是一个强烈的流行趋势，我们不能不注意到。 毫无疑问，明星代言人可以提高产品的销售。一个代言人的主机，然而，已经成为一些公司的营销工具，甚至是公司生产和销售假冒伪劣产品。这种行为产生了对消费者和整个社会，应该受到严厉批评和惩罚的负面影响。当然，正如众所周知，任何事物都有明亮和黑暗的方面。一些明星的社会活动和公共宣传提高公众意识认可，引起公众行为的改变。在这种情况下，他们成为广大市民的正面榜样。这些只是一个案例：普国泰，一个家庭的人物，作为中国艾滋病基金会名人的发言人，大大促进了预防艾滋病的事业，在中国治愈。 On the Celebrity Spokesperson (celebrity 名人，名流；名声，著名；知名人士，社会名流。) （spokesperson 代言人；（男/女）发言人。） Currently, we could hardly live a single day without seeing a celebrity spokesperson promoting a product or a social campaign on TV, net or other media. This is an int ensely popular trend that we cannot fail to notice. There is no doubt that the celebrity spokespeople could boost the sale of a product. A host of celebrity spokespersons, however, have emerged as the marketing tool of some companies, even companies producing and selling fake and inferior items. This kind of behavior has produced negative impacts on consumers and whole society, w hich should be severely criticized and penalized. Of course, as is known to all, ever ything has both bright and dark sides. Some stars’ endorsement of social activities and public campaigns raises public awareness, giving rise to changes in public beha vior. In this case, they serve as positive role models of the general public. To nam e only one case: Pu CX, a household figure, acting as the celebrity spokesman of t he China AIDS Foundation, contributes greatly to the cause of AIDS prevention and cure in China. currently 现在；一般；流畅地；目前现在；通称地，普遍地，当前；目前，眼前地。campaign 战役；运动，活动；竞选运动；从事运动；竞选运动；作战，出征。 intensely 强烈地，极度；紧张地，认真地；热情地，热切地。 fail 不及格；失败；失灵，失去作用；（指健康）衰退，变弱，消失；破产，失去支付能力；缺乏，不足，（作物）歉收。 boost 一举，一抬，一推；推动，帮助，促进；提高，增加。 host 主人，东道主；旅馆老板；节目主持人；寄主，宿主；主机。一大群，许多。 emerge 浮现，出现；发生，显露，暴露；摆脱，露头，出头。 fake 伪造，捏造，冒充；假装；欺骗，迷惑；冒牌货，仿造品；冒充者，骗子。 inferior 低等的，下级的；次的，较差的；低于他人者，部下，属下；次品。
2011年文都英语四六级冲刺讲义 一．Listening Comprehension： Part 1 .Short Conversation 几种思维 1．主题思维：上文提到一件事情（用一般疑问句进行提问），这就是对话主题。 下文是肯定或者是否定的回答。掌握肯定和否定的表达方法。 2．否定思维：评价性否定；事实性否定；邀请性否定 3．听到什么不选什么的思维：安全感的获得 例题：Eg1. A) Taking photographs .B) Enhancing images. C) Mending cameras. D) Painting pictures. 听力原文：W: Do you let people know when you're taking pictures of them? M: I try not to. You know any picture of a person who poses for the camera would look dull and unnatural. Q: What are the speakers talking about? Eg2 . A) Get some small change. B) Find a shopping center. C) Cash a check at a bank. D) Find a parking meter. 听力原文：M: Excuse me, do you have change for a ten-dollar note? I need to pay the parking meter. W: I'm sorry, but I think you can get it through the money changer in the shopping center across the street. Q: What is the man trying to do? Eg3 .A) Shopping with his son. B) Buying a gift for a child. C) Promoting a new product. D) Bargaining with a salesgirl. 听力原文：M: Can you recommend something that a school boy of 7 or 8 will really like? W: I'd suggest this toy train, sir. It's an excellent brand, very popular all over the world these days. Q: What is the man doing? Eg4. A) He moved to Baltimore when he was young. B) He can provide little useful information. C) He will show the woman around Baltimore. D) He will ask someone else to help the woman. 听力原文
写作词汇 1解决: Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle 2损害： Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize 3给与：Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford 4培养：：Develop, cultivate, foster 5优势：Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength 6 缺陷：Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness 7 使迷惑：Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle 8 重要的：Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative
9 认为：Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced 10 保护：Protect, conserve, preserve 11确保：Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge 12 有害的： Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental 13 要求：Request, demand, needs, requisition 14 消除：Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away 15 导致： Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure, induce, generate 16 因此：So, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, as a result, because of this, as a result of this
四六级逻辑关系词小结 表顺承、补充与递进: and what’s more besides moreover furthermore in addition additionally further（而且，况且） similarly also either too again(另外，还有) what’s worse 【例句】 The rent is reasonable, and moreover, the location is perfect. 表转折： but however yet instead on the other hand（另一方面） on the contrary（相 反地） nevertheless（然而） otherwise after all(毕竟). 【例句】 It’s too hot to go for a walk, let’s go swimming istead. 表因果： for as since now that because thanks/owing/due to because of on account of as a result/consequence of in consequence of result from（vt，由...引起）; 【例句】 We should be more careful, for it is already dark. Let’s stay at home, for it’s raining hard outside. 表让步: although though while even if/though while as 倒装句疑问词 -ever no matter +疑问词 despite in spite of however in any case 【例句】 While I really don’t like art, I find his work impressive. Much as you traveled, rarely can you find such a beautiful place anywhere else. Fail as I did, I would never give up. 表目的: in order to/that so as to for fear that so that(以便) lest in case（以防，以免）. 【例句】 He ran away lest he should be seen. She took an umbrella with her for fear (that) it might rain. Take your umbrella in case it rains. 表条件: if unless once(一旦,用于将来动作) so/as long as（只要） suppose (that) supposing that providing (that) provided (that) assuming (that) given that on condition that（如果） in case+句子 in case of+名词（万一）. 【例句】