【英语】被动语态
一、单项选择被动语态
1．The Palace Museum has put on many attractions since it ___________ in 2017.
A．had been rebuilt B．was rebuilt C．had rebuilt D．rebuilt
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：自从2017年重新修缮，故宫博物院内部已经增加了许多景点。分析语境可知，重新修缮是过去某个具体时间点（2017年）发生的事情，应用一般过去时；此处也可用固定句型have/has done since…来理解，该句型中主句用完成时，since引导的从句使用一般过去时；故宫博物院是“被”相关人员修缮，应使用被动语态，was rebuilt符合题意，故选B。
2．If we had taken such effective measures much earlier, the river so seriously now.
A．is not polluted B．would not be polluted
C．had not been polluted D．would not have been polluted
【答案】B
【解析】
选B 句意：如果我们早采取有力措施，现在河水就不会污染这么严重。主句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，用would加动词原形。
3．—Do you know why a meeting by the middle school teachers last Sunday?
—To demand smaller classes of no more than 25 to 30 students in each class.
A．was held B．had been held
C．has held D．held
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。meeting是hold逻辑上的宾语，故用被动语态，再由时间状语last Sunday可知用一般过去时。故选A。句意：——你知道为什么上星期日中学老师召开会议吗？——要求更小班，每个班不超过25-30个学生。
4．With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ________ each year.
A．is washing away B．is being washed away
C．are washing away D．are being washed away
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
本题考查现在进行时的被动语态和主谓一致。解题步骤：1. 确定谓语单复数：根据quantity的用法，quantities of和a quantity of后面都可加不可数名词与可数名词复数，但它们作主语时，quantities of...后面的谓语动词用复数，而a quantity of...的谓语动词用单数，故排除A、D项。2. 确定第二空：随着森林的被毁，土壤正在被冲走，故应该用现在进行时的被动语态。句意：随着森林的被毁，大量的优质土壤每年都被冲走。综上，故选D项。
【名师点拨】
quantities of和a quantity of后面加可数名词复数，做主语时后面的谓语动词用复数形式；quantities of后面加不可数名词，做主语时后面的谓语动词用复数形式；a quantity of后面加不可数名词，做主语时后面的谓语动词用单数形式。rge quantities of money have
been sent there大量的钱已经被送到那里；A large quantity of money has been wasted.大量的钱已经被浪费；2.A large quantity of books have been offered to us.大量的书已经提供给我们； Quantities of nuts are on the table.大量的坚果在桌子上。
5．105．The International Olympic Committee announces here that an in crease of 15 events
to the program of the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games.
A．will make B．will be made
C．has been made D．had made
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：国际奥委会宣布在2020年东京奥运会上将增加15个比赛项目。从年份2020可以看出是将来的动作，项目和增加是被动关系，故要用将来时的被动，故选B。
6．––Are the repairs finished yet?
––Yes, they ______ when I came back home.
A．would be completed B．would complete
C．had completed D．had been completed
【答案】D
【解析】考查被动语态。上句：修理被完成了吗？下句：是的，当我回到家的时候它们已经被完成。根据句意可知句子用过去完成时态的被动语态，故选D。
7．Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent _______ properly in this hospital.
A．can be the patients treated
B．the patients can be treated
C．can the patients be treated
D．treated can be the patients
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：考查部分倒装。句意为：只有增加50%的医生，这个医院的病人才能得到恰当的医治。“only＋状语”放于句首时句子须用部分倒装，故选C项。
考点 : 考查部分倒装
8．I saw Jack in the lift this morning. He around here for a long time.
A．won't be seen B．wasn't seen
C．hasn't been seen D．hadn't been seen
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查过去完成时态的被动语态。句意：今天早上我在电梯里看见杰克。他好久没在这附近露面了。根据this morning可知这是过去的事情；再根据for a long time可知此空是更靠前的动作，且句子主语He和see之间是一种被动关系，所以用过去完成时态，故选D。
9．The film “Schindler’s List”, was ________ by a real person, named Oskar Schindler
A．inspired B．prompted
C．rised D．insured
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查过去分词。A. inspired鼓舞；B. prompted引起，提示；C. rised上升；D. insured确保。句意：电影《辛德勒的名单》的灵感来自一个真实的人，名叫奥斯卡·辛德勒。结合句意可知此处用被动语态，故答案为A。
10．My brother and I have __________her birthday party.
A．been invited B．been invited for
C．invited to D．been invited to
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查语态和固定搭配。句意：我哥哥和我被邀请参加她的生日聚会。My brother and I与invite之间是被动关系，invite sb to somewhere表示“邀请某人去某地”，故D项正确。
11．This is one of the best films _______.
A．that have been shown this year B．that have shown
C．that has been shown this year D．that you talked
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查定语从句和时态。句意：这是今年上映的最好的电影之一。此处为定语从句，先行词为the one，有最高级the best 修饰，关系代词应该用that，在从句中作主语，语境表明使用现在完成时，而且谓语要用第三人称单数，故C项正确。
12．More efforts, as reported, _____ in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural
reform.
A．are made B．will be made
C．are being made D．have been made
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：据报道，未来几年将会有更多的努力来加快供给侧结构性改革。本句的时间状语in the years ahead＂在将来的几年＂和一般将来时连用，且efforts与动词make构成被动关系，所以使用被动语态。所以要使用一般将来时的被动语态形式，故B项正确。
13．We must apply what we have learned to our work because in no case ______ from practice.
A．should theory separate B．theory should be separated
C．theory should separate D．should theory be separated
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：句意：我们必须把我们学到的应用到实际生活中去，因为在任何情况下理论都不应该脱离实际。这里是apply sth to sth把……应用到……，in no case在从句中的句首，所以应该用倒装，又因为theory与separate之间是被动关系，故选D。
考点：考查倒装的用法。
点评：本题难度适中。倒装是高中阶段的重要的语法项目，它们的各种情况比较多，需要考生牢记它们的用法，但是在从句中的这种倒装更增加了试题的难度。
即学即练：Can you explain_______most deserts are located near the west coast of the
continents?
A. why is it that B. why it is that
C. how it is that D. how is it that
解析：B。句意：由句子结构可知，强调句型“it is ...that”对宾语从句的引导词进行强调，应用陈述语序，再由句意可知，选B。
14．—Will Uncle Peterson come to my birthday party tomorrow?
—Pity he ______ to Zimbabwe as a volunteer teacher.
A．was sent B．has been sent
C．had been sent D．would be sent
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：——Peterson叔叔明天会来参加我的生日聚会吗？——很可惜他已经被派到Zimbabwe去做志愿教师了。由语境可知，Uncle Peterson被派到Zimbabwe这是发生在过去的事情，这个动作对现在产生了影响，故该空应用现在完成时
