从中西文化差异看翻译
摘要：语言不仅是一种交际工具，而且是社会文化现象的载体之一。虽然人类都是通过语言来进行交流，但因其地理环境、历史背景以及社会环境不尽相同，译者要想将两种语言进行转换，必须熟谙两种语言的文化背景，掌握语言的差异之处和语言中所蕴含的深层次文化内涵，让翻译成为促进各国交流，并在跨文化交际中成为真正的“介质”。
关键词：翻译中西文化差异跨文化交际
中图分类号：h059 文献标识码：a
一相关概念
所谓文化，笼统地说，即是一种社会现象，是人们长期劳动创造所形成的一种产物，同时还是一种历史现象，是社会历史的积淀物。确切地说，文化是指一个民族或国家的地理、历史、传统习俗、风土人情、文学艺术、生活方式、价值观、行为观、思维观等的总和。由此可见，在一个民族长期的历史发展过程中，其文化必定存在着各种差异。
语言是一种文化现象，它是文化的重要组成部分，二者紧密相连又相互区别。语言作为文化的一部分，对文化的发展起着重要作用；同时，语言的发展又必须接受文化的制约，二者相辅相成。要想理解和学习语言，首先必须了解其所在的环境及所反映的文化。
而翻译则是用一种语言形式把另外一种语言形式中的内容重新组合表现出来的一种语言实践活动，它是一种涉及语言审美情趣、
Differences between Chinese and Western culture As we know the differences between the our estern cultures and western cultures are quite obvious.I would like to state some of my opinions in this paper. I.difference in the thinking style People on the earth are homologous,but different people in different place have different performance on the way of thinking. Differences between Chinese and Western way of thinking reflected in many aspects.Such as the difference between abstract and concrete, reflected in their attitudes towards life can be understood as Westernersare more practical, and the Chinese are much more biased towards some spiritual experience. Westerners pay attention to logical thinking, but Chinese pay more attention to dialectical thinking and so on. As Chinese and western way of thinking are different, there are differences in expression of the order. For example,we can see that the names of western style are not like ours,they put their given names at the first place,while we put them after our family names,that is to say,we regard our family more important than ourselves,and it's the traditional way of estern thinking.Westerners have another way of thinking,they think that each person is important in our world and society,and a person should play a important role among our human beings. II.differences in daily communication Westerners are frank,but chinese are humility.The reflection between westerners and chinese on the treatment of praise is different.In the West, people can accept it generously. As the Chinese have long term impact of Confucian education, we treat others’ praise and recognition not often take the attitude of ourselves, or there is suspected of arrogant. When meeting acquaintances, chinese and westerners greet each other are also different. Chinese people often say "Have you eat ?" "Where are you going?"except the general asked”hello”. In western culture, this is not a greeting, but substantive issues. When British and American people meet,they usually use a polite phrase like "How are you?" or "Nice to meet you!" In addtion,when westerners accept gift from others,they are willing to open it and praise it directly,but chinese do not do like that. III.differences in customs Chinese people regard ourselves as descendants of the Dragon.Chinese have a supreme respect for the dragon, we think dragon is a symbol of our nation. In the dynasty time,Chinese emperors generally self-styled "dragon".However,in the West, the dragon was regarded as the devil, and it was killed by the legendary god of protection, so they set a day as a festival to celebrate the lifting of a disaster, and thank the protection of God.For this reason, when the students describe a person's lively, they say "He / She is full of vim and vigor." not"He / She is as lively as a dragon and tiger". Everyone has their favorite color, so does a country and a nation. Chinese like the red colour ,because chinese think red is a symbol of luck and enthusiam. But westerners perfer to the blue colour,they think blue can make themselves calm. Thus,the preferences of different colors can reflect the whole of a country’s aesthetic taste. IV. differences in eating cultrue Chinese and Western diets are very different, so the differences also have an impact on the national character. In China, a banquet, no matter what purpose, there will be only one form, that is, everyone sit around one table. People toast each other,and eat the same food in one plate,,It reflects the mutual respect between people even the traditional courteous virtue. Although from the health point of view, this dietary approach has obvious shortcomings, it is consistent with our
中西节日文化差异英文公司内部编号：（GOOD-TMMT-MMUT-UUPTY-UUYY-DTTI-
The comparison between Chinese and Western festivals 中西方节日文化的差异比较 Abstract: the process of comparing the Chinese and Western festivals and studying Western histories and cultures can help people promote the communication and understanding of different cultures. With the further development of society and inter-cultures, globalization will affect many aspects of life in all countries. And western festivals are becoming more and more popular in China. We should respect them and select the essence. China boasts a brilliant history and splendid traditions. In modern times, Chinese tradition should be preserved and promoted. But it seems that young people no longer treasure the tradition. On the contrary, they turn to pursue enthusiastically a seemingly more modern culture. If this trend is allowed to continue, the priceless heritage of our ancestors will be replaced by western traditions. Nobody expects such a consequence. So let’s join hand in hand to protect and carry forward Chinese tradition. Key words: Traditional festivals; Chinese and Western cultures; difference; globalization Introduction: “A holiday of a nation represents a glorious culture and concentrated customs of a nation.” To understand a nation's
The different food culture and education styles in China and America 王姣 （2010级法学院法学专业20101788） 摘要：正如我们知道的那样，中国和美国在文化上有很多差异。我想谈谈中国和美国在食品和大学教育的差异。随着经济的发展，越来越多的人注意食品和教育的质量。所以饮食、教育文化在我们的日常生活中也变得很流行。其实，我们有时并不了解中国和美国在文化方面的不同。比如，它们在饮食文化、教育风格上都是不同的。 关键字：中国，美国，饮食文化，教育风格，不同 Abstract: as we all know, China and American have many differences in culture. I want to talk about the differences in food culture and education styles. With the development of economic, more and more people pay attention on food and education quality. So the food and education culture has been becoming popular in our daily life. In fact, we some times don’t know the differences with China and American of the culture. For example, they have different in diet attitude, food objects, ways of eating and education styles. Key words:China, America, food culture, education styles, different 1. The different in food culture As we all know, “there are three important things when you in the outside,which are eating, wearing and living.” Y ou can see” eating”is in the first place, eating is really important in our life. And the diet is also a kind of culture. Now, I will make some explanations about the different food culture in China and America. First, we talk about the different in diet attitudes. As we can see, in China, we will eat something with sensibility. When we choose what to eat, we will care more about the color, the smell, the taste, the shape and the device. Because our nations in the past many years, the productive level is very low, and many people are always hungry, they can’t eat enough food. So if a kind of culture treats eating as the most important thing, there will appear two situations. On one hand, this function of eating will be played to maximize, not only for surviving, but also for using it to maintain health, which is the cultural basis of “if you want to keep health, you’d better choose to enjoy some delicious food rather than take medicines”. On the other hand, if pay too much attention on food, it will make people often pursuit the delicious food. While Americans maybe more rationality. When they eat something, the things they care most are the nutritious value, such as the protein, the fat, the vitamin, the minerals and the carbohydrate. But it has made some problems, for example, from Los Angeles to New Y ork, the steak is only one taste, which has no arts to speak of. As a dish, chicken is chicken, steak is steak. Nest, we will say the food objects. In America, they think the foods are used just to eat, so they often eat a large piece of meat, the whole chicken and other “hard food”. However in China, we eat something we must enjoying the taste of it. So the Chinese cooking also
如何对待中外文化差异英语作文 我们如何去看待，中外文化差异所带来的英语学习的思维转换?下面是给大家整理的怎样对待中外文化差异英语作文，供大家参阅! 如何对待中外文化差异英语作文篇1 The culture differences between the East and West. As we know ,there are so many differences between culture of the East and West that I can not list all of their different aspects.I will focus on the differences of diet custom and teaching system.For your better understanding ,I will set examples of China and America. It is no doubt that it is a tradition to use chopsticks for Chinese.But people in America prefer to forks and knives.This different result is based on different food they are like .Americans choose to eat beefsteak,bread,and salad,while Chinese people choose noodles ,pancakes and rice.What is more,the custom of drinking tea in China and drinking coffee in America are stand out particularly.However,there is a trend that the food in both countries has been mixture.For example,the coffee and bread have introduced to China.The famous KFC is very popular at children. The gap of teaching system between China and America is big.Chinese students always complain about their homework.Too much homework has limited the time to exercise and relax.They have to recite many things as to get a high mark.Homework comes the first to them. In my opinion,the study in America is more interesting .Teachers pay attentions to training students skills in thinking in realastic life not to emphasis on the importances of memories.In a addition,the rate of going to school ,the salary of teaching ,and the job of gruduates are quite different,too.I should say that Chima government should make great efforts to improve its teaching syetem.I am also expect to be one day ,the West give more cheers to our country.
文化差异英语作文集团文件发布号：（9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-
With the rapidly growing popularity of science and technology, the process of globalization made great achievements. We have more chances to communicate with foreigners. Intercultural communicator has increasingly become a popular central issue of the public. To discuss this issue from cognitive perspective, western culture is based on individualism rather than on collectivism. For instance, in the US, you always talk about individual rights. This is clearly different in China where a country is placed above your own self. From the affect point of view, Chinese emotional expression is subtle but not directly. On the contrary, westerners express more enthusiastic. Furthermore, the Chinese people do not say yes or no, they are more accustomed to tactfully convey his meaning. No doubt, the Westerners would like to directly deliver how they think and what they want. In behavior, many behavioral differences are due to the impact of many aspects which cover environmental, cultural, historical and other factors. Do not ask for the age and income is a case in point. We should respect others. Respect for their privacy, their national culture, and religious beliefs. Second, we want to
【篇一】如何对待中西文化差异英语作文 In many parts of the world , personal influence is essential in achieving success. This is not true in the United States, where success usually results from hard work , education, skill, and personal initiative , America is truly a "do-it-yourself" society ; success is not dependent on family origins or the help of an influential person . Personal progress is the result of individual effort. Because effort and initiative are so important in America , there are many customs that may be different from those practiced in other countries. For example , it is not considered dishonorable to quit a job, even if you have had it for only a short time . Moving from job-to -job , or "job-hopping ", as it is called , is quite acceptable in the United States. Frequently , the opportunity to change jobs offers workers a chance to move up to a better position. Americans like to move from place to place trying new jobs, meeting new people and living in different parts of the country. "Job-hopping" also gives employers a chance to benefit from the new ideas and skills that different people bring to their jobs even if such people are employed for only a short time. 【篇二】如何对待中西文化差异英语作文 The whole question of the changing role of Blacks in American society as been the subject of news***** articles around the world so frequently that visitors to the United States do not know what to expect when they arrive. They may be surprised when they see that Blacks and Whites work side by side in offices , factories , and schools across the country . The majority of Blacks in the United States, however, live in and around only a small number of American cities. Many dark-skinned visitors arrive in the United States fearing personal attack or expecting various degrees of racial prejudice. Some forms of discrimination [1] still exist ,unfortunately, especially in the areas of the housing , schools , and jobs . The school equality is still more a dream than a reality. There are still too many areas of the country where Black Americans do not enjoy the same full opportunities as White Americans . However, the vast majority of American s are working , studying , and sharing public places together. This was not true even a few years ago in some parts of the country , but progress is steadily being made . You will be able to observe the improvement in race relations as soon as your plane lands . You will see it in the airport, in public buses and trains , in theaters , restaurants , rest room, in sops and libraries , in offices and factories . Close personal friendships between Blacks and
临床2班 刘诗韵 2013111040 中西文化差异与翻译 美国著名的翻译理论家尤金奈达认为：翻译是指从语义到语体在译语中间最贴切而又最自然的对等语再现原文的信息。奈达的定义体现了他在语义和语体两个层面提倡等值翻译的观点, 却未提到文化的再现。对翻译的正确理解应该是语际之间的信息传递和语族之间的文化交流。文化、语言和翻译之间关系密切。英国语言学家约翰莱昂斯认：“特定的社会的语言是这个社会文化的组成部分。每一种语言在词语上的差异都会反映使用这种语言的社会的事物、风俗以及各种活动在文化方面的重要特征”。两种不同的民族语言的交流，实质上是两种民族文化的交流。翻译是一种有目的的跨文化交际行为，任何翻译都离不开文化。为此，译者不但要精通目的语和源语，还要了解和研究诸多语言背后的文化，熟悉中西文化的差异。在正确翻译观的指导下，对文化差异进行合理的文化转换。 一、中西文化价值观念的差异 价值观念是任何社会或文化中的人不能回避的指令, 作为文化构成的深层因素, 它既是社会文化的组成部分。又是社会文化在人们心目中长期渗透、积淀的结果。变成民族性格的基石。中西文化差异之一是时间取向不同。中国人在时间上采取过去取向，对过去的眷恋自然而然地产生了中国人对悠久历史和灿烂文化的珍视。与此相通，中国人崇拜祖宗、敬老尊师、重经验、重年龄。在中国文化中长者是智慧和权威的象征。称年长者“老师傅“、“老干部”、“老大爷”。“马老”、“张老”甚至成了少数德高望重的人才享有的尊称。与此相反。西方人在时间上是未来取向。美国人喜欢向前看, 总是着眼于未来。因而尊重青年是西方文化中第一级价值。老在西方意味着来日无多，面临失去。 竞争力而被淘汰的危险。因此, 我国公共汽车上为敬老而设的专座的字样不能简单地译为“old people“, 应按西方人的观念译为“Courtesy Seats”, 方可被英美人所接受。英美人忌老、怕老。他们费尽心机地来委婉地表示“老”这个概念。如: the adbanced in age( 年长者) , the mature( 成熟者) , the longer liv ing( 生活经历较长者) , a seasoned man( 历练者) , senior cit izens( 资深公民) 等。谦逊在中西文化中的地位也不同。受儒家思想的影响, 中国人喜欢谦虚内敛。所以中国人与人相处，习惯于卑己尊人。比如在接受别人赞誉时与西方人反应不同，总是说成“做的不够”或“没什么”, 给人的感觉是受之有愧。于是写文章的标题总爱用浅谈、略论、试论、管见等。提及自己的作品总爱用拙文、敝作等。中国人在谈论自己的事情时, 通常表现自谦或自贬, 力图达到“无我”或“超我”的境界。这种贬抑自我的做法令英美人十分费解。按照他们的习惯, 听到别人赞扬时应表示感谢或赞同, 这样既是对自我的肯定, 也是对他们鉴赏力的尊重。鉴于文化的差异, 汉语论文标题中的初、浅、试之类的谦辞,译成英语时可不译, 以避免误解。相反, 在论及有关对方的事情时, 中国人总爱抬高对方, 也是贬抑自我的一种方式。汉语中的敬辞很多, 如: 大作、贵府、贵姓、恭候、雅正等。译成英语时, 可把“敬”含义省去,译出“辞”即可。如”大名”译成”your name”, ”贵府“译成” Your home“。若将”大名“译成”your greatname“, ”贵府“译成”your honorable home“, 英美人会认为那是讽刺或挖苦, 或至少是虚伪。东西方价值观念差异较大的另一方面是个人与集体的关系。西方文化最重要的观念是个人主义( Individualism) , 其具体表现是自立精神( Self- reliance) 和 自我实现( Self- achievement ) 。翻译 Amer-ican dream实际上要对美国人不依赖世 袭的物质条件和社会地位、个人奋斗的精神进行诠释。另外, 美
中西文化差异英文 Differences Betwween Chinese And Western Clture As we know,there are many obvious differences between chinese and western clture.Here I will epress some opinions about this. Chinese culture is the collectivist culture.Chinese put the benefit of groung the first place.The value of people can not be allowed to set up over the the benefit of the grounp.On the contrary,western culture is the individualist culture.They spare no efforts to show off themselves. 1、Differences in addressing Chinese put the given name after the family name.While in the western country,their given names were put at the place.We can see that Chinese regard the family name more important than the given name.It reflects that Westerners have a thought that each person is significant in our world and a person should play a important role among our beings. 2、Differences in rendering thanks Generaly,in China the family members hardly say “thanks”.If say it,we will feel strange and have distance beween each other.But Westerners can it on any occasion and beween any people.When someone give they a cup of drink,they will say“Thanks”.What,s more,when someone ask you“Would you like something to eat/dirnk,”Chinese would say a few words of courtesy although they would like.But in th e west,peole will say“Yes,please”if they would like and will say“No,thanks”if they would not.
淮阴工学院课程论文（2010-2011学年第二学期） 论文题目: 跨文化交际中的饮食文化差异——以中美饮食文化为例 课程名称：跨文化交际英语任课老师：余洪虹 姓名: 植云 班级: 艺术1093 学号: 1092202325
跨文化交际中的饮食文化差异 ——以中美饮食文化为例 摘要：饮食是一种文化，而不同的文化背景孕育着不同的饮食文化，中国饮食以食表意，其博大精深不可言喻，而美国的饮食则是吃什么就是什么。在中西方文化互相交融的今天，美国文化有值得我们学习和借鉴的地方，同时中华饮食文化的优点也要继承，本文着重从中美饮食文化进行比较，从而用客观的视角去审视中西方饮食文化。 关键词：饮食文化，中国饮食，美国饮食，文化差异 1中国饮食文化的特点 中国的历史悠久，文明源远流长，具有上下五千年的文化，因此饮食文化也比较丰富，它也是祖国丰富文化宝库中的一朵奇葩。中国从原始社会开始都是以大杂居为主，远古时期以部落为单位，后来一直演变，直到现代社会都是以家庭为单位，团团圆圆一直是中国人的愿望，中国人的集体意识形成了中国饮食文化的一大特点就是—一家人都是吃一桌菜，并且大多数家庭是以圆桌为主，一家人围在一起，表示家人和和睦睦、团团圆圆。中国人的饮食很讲究色、香、味原则，三者缺一不可，为使食物色美，通常是在青、绿、红、黄、白、黑、酱等色中取三至五色调配，也就是选用适当的荤素菜料，包括一种主料和二、三种不同颜色的配料，使用适当的烹法与调味，就能使得菜色美观。食物香喷，可以激发食欲，其方法即为加入适当的香料，如葱、姜、蒜、辣、酒、八角、桂皮、胡椒、麻油、香菇等，使烹煮的食物气味芬芳。烹调各种食物时，必须注重鲜味与原味的保留，尽量去除腥膻味；譬如烹调海鲜时，中国人则爱用葱姜。因此适量的使用如酱油、糖、醋、香料等各种调味品，可以使得嗜浓味者不觉其淡，嗜淡味者不嫌其浓，个人根据自己的口味选择。 因为中国自古以来地大物博、人口稠密，所以中国人的饮食从先秦开始，就是以谷物为主，肉少粮多，辅以菜蔬，这就是典型的饭菜结构。其中饭是主食，而菜则是为了下饭，即助饭下咽。因为主食并不可口，必须有一种物质来辅助它使人们能够吃下去。当然菜的功能和盐的功能有共同点，但是不等同于盐。因为主食的单一性，所以，只有在菜上面花功夫，因此，中国的菜大都比较注重口味，
【个人简历范文】 一方水养一方人，中西方的文化也是有差异的，用英语描写一下你所知道德1中西方的文化差异吧。下面是为你整理的有关中西文化差异的高中英语作文，希望你喜欢! 描写中西文化差异的英语作文范文篇1 Through I am a Chinese,I have some west country friends.They lived in China for many years, from their tone ,I know that there are many cultural difference between West and China.Such as difference of dinner manners……In west countries ,when people are having dinner ,if one of them want to go to a WC.He or she shoud say”Excuse me ,I want to go to the toilets…”Only in such a way can others think you are of good manners.And in the bathroom,you can relieve the bowels, wash you faces, refine the make-up ,pick your teeth and so on.When you finished yourself,you can return to you set.A wonderful dinner can be continue.But in China,there are some different of it.When you want to have a bath,you shoud only say”I want to go to washroom”.That just means:I want to go out for a while.If you finished you dinner ,you can also say:”I'm full”That means:I am full ,help youselves.And then ,you can go out to have a rest or walk.That just some of the difference of dinner manners in west and in China.When we face it in the future ,don`t forget that! 描写中西文化差异的英语作文范文篇2 Long history in China in 5000, western social process of world 56 a hundred years.China is brilliant abundant, great and deep food culture;The western nation then has delicately and particularly , from become the food civilization of system.Medium the west food cultural collision, exchanges and melted into whole mankind's civilization to fill up with wear colourful function.Medium the Spanish turn of the difference of educated medium west food culture of difference, but this kind of difference come from medium the west different mode of thinking with conducting philosophy. This text introduced a medium Spanish to turn in the difference of food.West food from the food idea, food object, food method, food ownership and property etc. carry on the comparison of the culture. 描写中西文化差异的英语作文范文篇3 There are many difference between China and America such as in the field of geography ,culture, language ,politics ,economy and education with the development of science and technology .The word get even more smaller ,the communication between them is more frequent . Our country, China absorbs the essence and doesn’t eliminate the bad thing . Because a proverb ever since said when the fresh air come in ,the flies will also accompany it . At times we may not determine our countries’ geography