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初中英语语法 定语从句

定语从句

定语从句在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。

被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词引出。

关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which, as。

关系副词有:when, where, why, how。

关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。

定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。

定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

1 、关系代词引导的定语从句

1 who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?(who/that在从句中作主语

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.(whom/that在从句中作宾语

2 whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同of which互换,例如: Please pass me the book whose (of which cover is green.

3 which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.(which / that在句中作宾语

The package (which / that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. (which / that在句中作宾语

关系代词that和which 都可以指物,that 和Who 都可以指人,其用法区别:

不用that的情况:

a 在引导非限定性定语从句时

(错The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.

b 介词后不能用

We depend on the land from which we get our food.

c 多用who 的情况

①关系代词在从句中做主语

A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend.

②先行词为those, people 时

Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth.

③先行词为all, anyone, ones, one 指人时

One who doesn't work hard will never succeed in his work.

④在There be句型中

There is a stranger who wants to see you.

⑤在被分隔的定语从句中

A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.

⑥在有两个定语从句的句子中,其一用who,其二用that,但若先行词后接两个以上的并列定语从句时,后一个必须重复前一个关系代词。

The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard.

There is a teacher who is always ready to help others and who enjoys what he does.

2 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

a在不定代词,如:anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。

All that is needed is a supply of oil.

Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.

b先行词有the only, the very, the just修饰时,只用that。

He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water.

c先行词为序数词(the last、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that。

The first English book that I read was "The Prince and the Pauper" by Mark Twin.

d先行词既有人,又有物时。

He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited.

e当主句是以who 或which 开始的特殊疑问句时,用that 以避免重复。

Who is the person that is standing at the gate.

f关系代词在从句中做表语

He is not the man that he used to be.

2 、关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点、方式或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。

关系副词when, where, why, how的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如:

There are occasions when (on which one must yield.

Beijing is the place where (in which I was born.

Is this the reason why (for which he refused our offer?

I'm surprised the way how (by which he works out the problem.

注意:

①在非限制性定语从句中,"介词+ which"结构不能代替关系副词。

如:They set up a state for their own , where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.

②含有介词短语的动词一般不能拆开,介词仍放在动词后面。

Is this the book which (that she was looking for?

3、名词/数词/代词/形容词最高级+ 介词+ 关系代词引导定语从句

She has written a book , the name of which I have forgotten.

There are fifty-five students in our class , all of whom are working hard.

There are five continents in the world , the largest of which is Asia.

4、as, which 引导非限定性定语从句的差别

由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首,which在句中。

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.

as可引导非限制性从句,常带有“正如”的意思。

As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

用法区别:

(1 as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which不可。

As we all know, he never smokes.

(2 as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which。

(3非限定性定语从句中出现expect, think, suppose 等表示猜测、想象、预料等时。

She succeeded in her doing the research work , as we expected.

(4As 的用法the same… as; such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。

(5I should like to use the same tool as is used here.

We should have such a dictionary as he is using.

初中英语语法之定语从句

初中英语语法之定语从句 初中英语语法之定语从句 定语从句在初中英语中的重要性主要体如今完形、浏览和写作中,因而,能否较好的把握定语从句直接关系到你英语成绩的拔高。其实,定语从句并不难,快一起来跟我学习吧! 一、定语从句的概念 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 二、引导定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 三、定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主

句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开,起补充讲明作用,如省去,意思仍完好。 四、关系代词的用法 1.that既能够用于指人,可以以用于指物。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如: Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle. 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语) Thecoat(that)Iputonthedeskisblue. 我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语) 2.which用于指物,在句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如: Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket. 位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语) Thefilm(which)wesawlastnightwaswonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)

初中英语语法之定语从句

初中英语语法之定语从句 一、定语从句的概念 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 二、引导定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 三、定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。 四、关系代词的用法 1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如: Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle. 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)

The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue. 我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语) 2.which用于指物,在句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如: The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket. 位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语) The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语) 3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom。who和whom作宾语时也可省略。例如: The girl who often helps me with my English is from England. 经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语) Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语) 注意: (1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,whom,that,which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如: This is the house in which we lived last year.

初中英语语法大全——定语从句

初中英语语法大全——定语从句一.定语从句的概念、位置及构成 1. 定语从句的概念和位置 在句子中起定语作用的从句称为定语从句。定语从句在句子中的作用相当于形容词,故又称为形容词性从句。 eg: Do you know the girl who is singing on the stage? 你认识正在舞台上唱歌的那个女孩吗? eg: This is the museum which was built last year. 这就是去年建成的博物馆。 2. 先行词和关系词 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。指代先行词,放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又充当定语从句的某一个成分( 主语、宾语、表语、状语等)的词叫关系词。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。引导定语从句的关系代词有that, who, whom, whose, which;关系副词有when, where, why等。 eg: The man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle. 手拿雨伞的那个人是我叔叔。 eg: The train which has just left is for Shenzhen. 刚开走的火车是驶往深圳的。 eg: Let's find a place where we can have a picnic. 我们找一个能野餐的地方吧。 3.定语从句的构成 eg: He has a car.+ The car has 7 seats.→ He has a car which has 7 seats. 他有一辆7座的汽车。 eg: The hotel was very clean. + We stayed there. →The hotel where we stayed was very clean. 我们待过的那家宾馆很干净。 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词有that, which,who, whom, whose等,其主要用法见下表:

初中英语语法之定语从句

初中英语语法之定语从句 定语从句在初中英语中的重要性主要体现在完形、阅读和写作中,因此,能否较好的掌握定语从句直接关系到你英语成绩的拔高。其实,定语从句并不难,快一起来跟小编学习吧! 一、定语从句的概念 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 二、引导定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 三、定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。 四、关系代词的用法 1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle. 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语) The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue. 我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语) 2.which用于指物,在句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如: The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket. 位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语) The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语) 3.who,whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom。who和whom作宾语时也可省略。例如: The girl who often helps me with my English is from England. 经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语) Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语) 注意: (1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,whom,that,which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用介词+which/whom

初中英语语法专题讲解--定语从句

定语从句 定语从句在主从复合句中起定语作用,修饰主句中的名词或代词,被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词,定语从句一般放在它所修饰名词或代词之后。 定语从句主要由关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that和关系副词when,where,,why 所引导。它们在意义上代表先行词,同时在定语从句中担任某种成分,但没有疑问的意义。定语从句分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。 (一)关系代词的用法 1who指人,是主格,在定语从句中作主语。Whom指人,是宾格,在定语从句中作宾语,在非正式文体、口语中常可以省去。Whose指人或事物,是所有格,在定语从句中作定语。如, The tall man who is standing over there is my brother.(who is standing over there是关系代词who引导的定语从句,用以修饰who的先行词man,who在从句中作主语) 2,that多用来指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,指物时的用法与which基本相同,作宾语常可省略。如, Who is the man that is speaking at the meeting?(that is speaking at the meeting是关系代词that引导的定语从句,用以修饰that的先行词man,that在从句中作主语) 注意:先行词是物时,一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况下,只能用that不用which。 1).当先行词为指物的不定代词,如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等时,只能用that。 There is nothing that I can do for you . 2).当先行词被the only、the very 、the last、all、no、little等词修饰时,只能用that。 This is the very book that I’m looking for . 3).先行词被序数词修饰时,只能用that 。 This is the first nextbook that I studied in the middle school . 4).先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时,只能用that。 This is the most beautiful mountain that I have ever seen . 5).先行词既有人也有物时,只能that 。 He told us many interesting things and persons that we had . 3, which指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。如, The assistant showed me the book (which) I wanted to buy.( which I wanted to buy是关系代词which引导的定语从句,用以修饰which的先行词book,which在从句中作宾语,因此可省略) (一),关系副词的用法 1,where: 先行词是表示地点的名词,在定语从句中作地点状语引导。如,The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 2,when: 先行词是表示时间的名词,在定语从句中作时间状语.如, I still remember the day when I first came to the school.

初中英语语法——定语从句

初中英语语法——定语从句 定语从句 定语从句在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。 关系代词有:who。whom。whose。that。which。as。 关系副词有:when。where。why。how。 关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。 定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 1、关系代词引导的定语从句 1) who。whom。that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:Is he the man who/that wants to see you?(who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that XXX在从句中作宾语)

2) whose用来指人或物,(只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同of which互换),例如:Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 3) which。that它们所替代的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,比方:A prosperity which / that had never been XXX在句中作宾语) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped。(which / that在句中作宾语) 关系代词that和which都可以指物,that和Who都可以指人,其用法区别:不用that的情况: a)在引导非限定性定语从句时 错)The tree。that is four hundred years old。is very famous here. b)介词后不能用 We depend on the land from which we get our food. c)多用who的情况 ①关系代词在从句中做主语 A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend. ②先行词为those。people时 XXX.

初中英语语法大全——定语从句

初中英语语法大全——定语从句 1.定语从句的概念和位置 定语从句在句子中起到形容词的作用,用来修饰先行词。例如:Do you know the girl who is singing on the stage?这里的定语从句修饰先行词girl。另外,定语从句也被称为形容词性从句。 例如:This is the museum which was built last year.这里的定语从句修饰先行词museum。 2.先行词和关系词 被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。关系词则是用来指代先行词,并连接定语从句中的成分,包括主语、宾语、表语、状语等。关系代词包括that。who。whom。whose。which;关系副词包括when。where。why等。 例如:The man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle.这里的关系代词who指代先行词man。 例如:Let's find a place where we can have a ic.这里的关系副词where指代先行词place。

3.定语从句的构成 定语从句的构成是通过引导词连接先行词和从句中的成分,例如: He has a car which has 7 seats.这里的which引导定语从句,修饰先行词car。 The hotel where we stayed was very clean.这里的where引 导定语从句,修饰先行词hotel。 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词在句子中充当一定的成分,修饰前面的先行词。关系代词有that。which。who。whom。whose等,其主要用 法如下: 当先行词为人时,关系代词who/that可作主语或宾语;关系代词whom/that可作宾语。 例如:The person who/that is XXX.这里的关系代词 who/that作主语。 例如:XXX XXX I XXX.这里的关系代词XXX作宾语。 当先行词为事物或动物时,关系代词which/that可作主语 或宾语。 例如:XXX.这里的关系代词which/that作宾语。

初中英语语法专题讲解:初中语法——定语从句

定语从句 一、定语的概念:定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。比如: (先试试用横线划出下面短语中的定语,然后在后面的括号里注明是什么在 作定语) a beautiful girl ( ) a shoe factory ( Jim' s father ( ) our teacher ( ) the man in the car ( ) the man standing at the door ( ) the man who is talking with Sam ( ) 二、定语从句的概念及主要特征:1.定语从句:2.定语从句的主要特征: 在句中起定语作用,相当于形容词,修饰某一代词或名词或整个主句的从句。 1 .先行词(Antecedent):定语从句所修饰的词。 2 .关系词(Relatives):连接主句与从句的词并在定语从句中充当某一句子成 分。 3 .定语从句所缺句子成分:主语、宾语、表语、状语。 The girl (先行词)who (关系词)stands under the tree is my sister. 三、定语从句的基本用法: why (原因状语 ) who(主语、宾语 that(主语、宾语 ),whom (宾 语), ),whose (定语) that(主语、宾语 ),which(主语、宾语 ) whose (定语) 指人 where ( 地点状语 ) when ( 时间状语 ) 指物

(一)关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who 指人,在定语从句中作主语,有时也作宾语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。 分析:先行词the boys在从句中作主语。 Those whowant to go to the museummust be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。 分析:先行词引导词在从句中作。 Yesterday I helped an old manwho had lost his way. 咋天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 分析:先行词引导词在从句中作。 That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。 分析:先行词引导词在从句中作。 You needn' t talk to the people who you don ' t like talking to. 分析:先行词引导词在从句中作。 2.whom 指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。 Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。

初中英语语法定语从句

初中英语语法:定语从句 1在复合句中做定语的从句称为定语从句,它可以用来修饰名词或代词。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一定放在先 行词后边。 2指引定语从句的词往常被称为关系词。关系词一般位于先行词与定语从句之间,且作为定语从句的一个成分。关系词又分为关系代词 和关系副词。 I关系代词指引的定语从句 关系代词所取代的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充任 主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓 语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1)who, whom, that 这些词取代的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中作主语和宾语。 比如: Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗?( who/that 在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。( whom/that 在从句中作宾语) 2)whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同of which 交换)。比如: They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose(of which)cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3)which, that 所取代的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。比如: A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 乡村出现了亘古未有的繁华。(which / that 在句中作宾语) The package come unwrapped. (which / that)you are carrying is about to 你拿的包快散了。( which / that在句中作宾语)

定语从句

初中英语语法:定语从句 一、定语从句的概念 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 二、定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 三、定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。 四、关系代词的用法 1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如: Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that 作主语) The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语) 2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如: The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语) The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语) 3.who,whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom,也可省略。例如: The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语) Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语) 注意事项: (1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,that,which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如: This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。 Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如:This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。 (3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如: The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。 关系词只能用that的情况: 1. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如: He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。 2..被修饰的先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,the one等 不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如: Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗? 3.先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last,little,few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如: This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。 4. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that,而不用which.例如: I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。 5..以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如: Who is the girl that is crying?正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?

【初中英语】初中英语语法大全之定语从句

【初中英语】初中英语语法大全之定语从句 【—之定语从句】定语是用来限定、修饰名词或代词的。下面就是老师为同学们带来的对定语从句的详细讲解,供同学们学习的参考。 总结 要学定语从句,得知道什么是定语。定语是用来限定、修饰名词或代词的。例如,agoodbook,good就是定语。那么复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句就叫做定语从句。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导,相当于形容词,在句中作定语。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose等,绝对没有what;关系副词有where,when,why,how等。关系词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的某个成分。 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、由who,whom,that,whose引导的从句 这些词所取代的先行词是人们的名词或代词。谁作为主体指的是人,谁作为客体指的是人,既可以作为主体又可以作为客体(因为客体可以省略),可以指人和物。指的是人或事物,只是作为一种属性。 (1)ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?他是那个想见你的男人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语) (2)他昨天是谁。他就是我昨天见到的那个人。(在条款中用作宾语的人) (3)themanwhomyouspoketojustnowisourenglishteacher你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师 (4) Hemanwhosesonisadoctoria教授。儿子是医生的那个人是我们的教授。 2、由which,that引导的从句 它们所取代的先行词是名词或事物的代词,在从句中可以用作主语和宾语,在用作宾语时可以省略,例如: (1)prosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which/that在从句中作主语) 注意:在表示时经常使用,但在以下情况下使用它代替: a)先行词是anything,everything,nothing,none等不定代词时;

初中英语语法——定语从句

初中英语语法——定语从句 定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句,有时也可以修饰整个句子。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词引出。关系代词包括who、whom、whose、that、which和as,关系 副词包括when、where、why和how。关系代词和关系副词起 连接作用,同时也可以作为定语从句的一个成分。当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。在定语从句中,谓语动词必须与先行词在人称和数量上保持一致。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 关系代词引导的定语从句有以下几种情况:who、whom 和that代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中可以作主语或宾语;whose用来指人或物,只用作定语,若指物,它还可 以与of which互换;which和that所代替的先行词是事物的名 词或代词,在从句中可以作主语、宾语等。关系代词that和which都可以指物,而that和who都可以指人。需要注意的是,在引导非限定性定语从句时不能使用that,而在介词后也不能 使用that。例如,我们可以说"The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.",但不能说"The tree。

that is four hundred years old。is very famous here.",正确的说法应该是"The tree。which is four hundred years old。is very famous here."。 C) 多用who的情况 1.关系代词在从句中做主语。一个在需要时帮助你的朋友是真正的朋友。 2.先行词为those。people时。那些愚蠢或不适合自己的职位的人看不到这块布。 3.先行词为all。anyone。ones。one指人时。不努力工作的人永远不会在工作中成功。 4.在There be句型中。有一个陌生人想见你。 5.在被分隔的定语从句中。明天会来一个新老师,他会教你德语。

初中英语语法知识之定语从句

初中英语语法知识之定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、由who, whom, that,Whose引导的从句 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,who作主语指人,whom 作宾语指人,that既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语能够省略),能够指人也能够指物。Whose 用来指人或物,只用作定语。 (1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语) (2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语) (3) The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher 你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师 (4) he man whose son is a doctor is our professor. 那个儿子是医生的男人是我们的教授。 2、由which, that引导的从句 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,作宾语时能够省略,例如: (1) Prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在从句中作主语) (2) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which / that在从句中作宾语)

初中英语语法之定语从句

初中英语语法之定语从句 定语从句在学校英语中的重要性主要体现在完形、阅读和写作中,因此,能否较好的把握定语从句直接关系到你英语成果的拔高。其实,定语从句并不难,快一起来跟我学习吧! 一、定语从句的概念 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 二、引导定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,全部格whose)等,关系副词包括where,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 三、定语从句的分类 依据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不行省去。非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。 四、关系代词的用法 1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语时不行省略,作宾语可省略。例如:

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle. 玛丽喜爱轻柔的音乐。(that作主语) The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue. 我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语) 2.which用于指物,在句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语不行省略,作宾语可省略。例如: The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket. 位于火车站四周的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语) The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语) 3.who,whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom。who和whom作宾语时也可省略。例如: The girl who often helps me with my English is from England. 常常在英语方面关心我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语) Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语) 留意: (1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,whom,that,which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如: This is the house in which we lived last year.

初中英语语法——定语从句

定语从句 定语从句在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。 被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。 关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which, as。 关系副词有:when, where, why, how。 关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。 定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 1 、关系代词引导的定语从句 1) who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下: Is he the man who/that wants to see you?(who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.(whom/that在从句中作宾语) 2) whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同of which互换),例如:Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如: A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.(which / that在句中作宾语) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. (which / that在句中作宾语) 关系代词that和which 都可以指物,that 和Who 都可以指人,其用法区别: 不用that的情况: a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时 (错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. b) 介词后不能用 We depend on the land from which we get our food. c) 多用who 的情况 ①关系代词在从句中做主语 A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend. ②先行词为those, people 时 Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth. ③先行词为all, anyone, ones, one 指人时 One who doesn't work hard will never succeed in his work. ④在There be句型中 There is a stranger who wants to see you. ⑤在被分隔的定语从句中 A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German. ⑥在有两个定语从句的句子中,其一用who,其二用that,但若先行词后接两个以上的并列定语从句时,后一个必须重复前一个关系代词。 The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard. There is a teacher who is always ready to help others and who enjoys what he does. 2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

初中英语语法专题讲解(可用作中考英语一轮专题复习):初中语法——定语从句

初中英语语法专题讲解(可用作中考英语一轮专题复习):初中语法——定语从句

定语从句 一、定语的概念:定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。比如: (先试试用横线划出下面短语中的定语,然后在后面的括号里注明是什么在作定语) a beautiful girl () a shoe factory ()Jim’s father ( ) our teacher ( ) the man in the car () the man standing at the door ()the man who is talking with Sam () 二、定语从句的概念及主要特征:1.定语从句:2. 定语从句的主要特征: 在句中起定语作用,相当于形容词,修饰某一代词或名词或整个主句的从句。 1. 先行词(Antecedent):定语从句所修饰的词。 2. 关系词(Relatives) :连接主句与从句的词并在定语从句中充当某一句子成分。 3.定语从句所缺句子成分:主语、宾语、表语、状语。 The girl (先行词)who (关系词)stands under the tree is my sister. 三、定语从句的基本用法:

分析:先行词__________ 引导词在从句中作________。 Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。 分析:先行词__________ 引导词在从句中作________。 The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。 分析:先行词__________ 引导词在从句中作________。 注意:关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替,也可省略。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend. 3. whose 通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 。 分析:先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。 He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 译成汉语:_________________________________ 分析:先行词__________ 引导词在从句中作________。 I lost the book whose cover was blue. 我把那本封面是蓝色的书弄丢了。 分析:先行词__________ 引导词在从句中作________。 We live in a house whose windows face the south. 译成汉 语:_________________________注意:指物时,常用下列结构来代替: The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. =The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?

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