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2011年职称英语[理工类A]幺建华押题班第一位阅读理解

2011年职称英语[理工类A]幺建华押题班第一位阅读理解
2011年职称英语[理工类A]幺建华押题班第一位阅读理解

大家论坛职称英语版块:https://www.doczj.com/doc/f77665098.html,/forum-109-1.html

2011年职称英语教材(理工类B)幺建华押题班第一位阅读理解第45、46、50篇WORD 【第一位】

+第四十五篇Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others

+第四十六篇Marvelous Metamaterials

+ 第五十篇Cell Phones Increase Traffic, Pedestrian Fatalities

+第四十五篇

Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others

Low—salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others,according to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences l food scientist.The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat.

Those conclusions are important because recent,well—publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food2 have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others3,pointed out John Hayes,assistant professor of food science,who was lead investigator4 0n the study.

Diets high in salt Can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke.That is why public health experts and food companies are working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat.This study increases understanding of salt preference and consumption.

The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips,on multiple occasions,spread out over weeks5.Test subjects were 45:men and 42 women, reportedly healthy,ranging in age from 20 t0 40 years.The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes.They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale,ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind.

“Most of us like the taste of salt.However,some individuals eat more salt,both because they like the taste of saltiness more,and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food,” said Hayes. “Supertasters, people who experience tastes more intensely, consume more salt than nontasters do. Snack foods have saltiness as their primary flavor, and at least for these foods, more is better, so the supertasters seem to like them more.”

However, supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in foods such as cheese,Hayes noted.“For example,cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented milk,but also bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt,” he said.“A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant because the bitterness is too pronounced6.”

Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist named Blakeslee,showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals.As a result,Hayes explained,we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists,and this variation is as normal as variations in eye and hair color.

“Some people,called supertasters,describe bitter compounds as being extremely bitter,while others,called nontasters,find these same bitter compounds to be tasteless or only weakly bitter.”he said.“Response to bitter compounds is one of many ways to identify biological

differences in food preference because supertastin7 is not limited to bitterness.(476)

词汇:

Publicize v.引起公众对…的注意;(用广告)宣传

Dietary adj.饮食的;规定食物的

Ferment v.(使)发酵

Geneticist n.遗传学家

Acuity n.敏锐;尖锐

注释:

1.Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences:即Penn State University--College of Agricultural Sciences宾州州立大学农学院。Penn是Pennsylvania的缩写,是美国宾夕法尼亚州名。宾州州立大学建于1855年:在全国共有24个分校。在句中,Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences用作定语,修饰food scientist。

2.Well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food:大力宣传减少食物含盐量的做法3.1eft many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others:使得许多人努力去接受适合其他人而不适合他们口味的食物。fare相当于food。4.1ead investigator:研发项目负责人

5.…carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods as soup and chips.on multiple occasion,spread out over weeks:……经过仔细筛选的实验参与者,他们在几周内的不同时间里品尝了汤和薯条等含盐食物。

6.too pronounced:此处pronounced为形容词,意为very noticeable,conspicuous(明显的,显著的)。

7.supertasting:超重味感

练习:

1.In paragraph 2,John Hayes points out that

A.it is good to health to eat food without salt.

B.many people reject low—salt food completely.

C.many people accept low—salt tasteless food reluctantly

D.food with reduced salt tastes better.

2.The fourth paragraph describes briefly

A.how to select subjects and what to do in the research.

B.how to identify supertasters and nontasters.

C.why to limit the number of subjects to 87 persons.

D.why to select more male subjects than female ones.

3. The article argues that supertasters

A.1ike the;taste of saltiness to block sweet tastes in food.

B.1ike snack foods as saltiness is their primary flavor.

C.consume less salt because they don t like intensive tastes.

D.1ike to share salty cheese with nontasters.

4. Which of the following applies to supertasters in terms of bitter taste?

A.They like bitterness in foods as well as saltiness.

B.They like high.salt cheese as it has intense bitter taste.

C.They prefer high—salt cheese.which tastes less bitter..

D. They prefer high-salt cheese as it is good to health.

5. What message do the last two paragraphs carry?

A.Taste acuity is genetically determined.

B.Taste acuity is developed over time after birth.

C.Taste acuity is related to one's eye and hair color.

D.Taste acuity is still a mysterious subject in science.

答案与题解:

1.C 根据短文的第二段内容,很多人因为食物中的含盐量降低,所以必须做出很大努力(struggling)去适应,而低盐食物对于他们来说,口味很不好(fare that simply does not taste…good to them)。选项C有accept reluctantly(勉强接受)表达了这层意思,所以是正确的选择。A、B、D三个选项均是错误的。

2.A第四段介绍了科学家是如何设计这项研究的,它包含了研究对象的人数、性别、人选条件、咸度味感分级表等。选项A概括了这方面的内容,所以是答案。而选项B、C、D所述内容均不符合该段的意思。

3.B 短文的第五段提供了答案o supertaster在这里的意思是:口味重的人,在本文中,nontaster是其反义词,即,口味清谈的人。该段告诉我们,口味重的人消耗更多的盐;因为快餐食品的主要味道就是咸味,而且咸度越高,口味越好,所以口味重的人对快餐较为偏爱。选项B表达了上述内容,所以是答案。

4.C 短文第六段提供了答案。该段告诉我们,奶酪发酵会产生苦味,supertasters不喜欢苦味,而高含盐量可以盖住奶酪里的昔味,这是他们偏爱高盐奶酪的原因。所以,只有C 是正确选择。

5.A 文章第七段中,Hayes引用了75年前一位遗传学专家的实验。从这项实验中,Hayes 得出的结论是,Taste acuity(味觉敏度)上的差异与他们头发和眼睛的颜色上的差异是同一类现象,也就是说,都是与生俱来的。第八段又说,这是一种biological difference(生物差异),所以A是答案。B说味觉敏度是后天形成的,显然与作者的结论相左0℃说味觉敏度的差异与头发和眼睛的颜色上的差异有关,显然是错误的。D的内容在最后两段都没有提到,所以不会是答案。

咸度味感因人而异理A

宾州州立大学农学院食品科学家进行的一项研究表明,有些人很难喜欢含盐量低的食物。该研究指出,遗传因素导致我们对咸度的不同喜好。

该研究负责人、食品科学副教授约翰·海斯指出,这些结论非常重要,因为近期对减少食物含盐量的大力宣传使得许多人努力去接受适合其他人而不适合自己口味的食物。

含盐量高的饮食会增加高血压和中风的风险,这就是公共健康专家和食品公司共同努力、通过可口的食品帮助消费者减少盐摄入量的原因。该研究使人们更加理解对盐的喜好和摄入的差异。

该研究包括87名经过仔细筛选的参与者,他们在几周的不同时间品尝了汤和薯条等含盐食物。参与者包括45名男性和42名女性,身体健康,年龄在20岁到40岁之间。参与者不会主动改变自己的饮食习惯,且不吸烟。他们通过一种常用的科学量表来区别咸度味感,分为“最轻微味感”到“最强烈味感”等级别。

海斯说,“大部分人都喜欢盐的味道。但是,有些人吃盐较多,这不仅是因为他们更喜欢咸味,也因为他们需要咸味来遮盖食物其他讨厌的味道。口味超重的人比口味清淡的人消耗更多的盐。因为快餐食品的主要味道就是咸味,而且咸度越高,味道越好,所以口味超重

的人更喜欢快餐。”

海斯还提到,口味超重的人还需要盐来遮盖奶酪等食物中讨厌的苦味。“例如,奶酪是牛奶味和发酵苦味的完美结合,而盐可以遮盖苦味。口味超重的人不喜欢低盐奶酪,因为苦味太明显了。”

海斯举出了化学家福克斯和遗传学家布雷克斯里75年前进行的研究,该研究表明,人们品尝特定化学制品的能力是不同的。海斯解释说,由此我们知道每个人的味觉敏度是不同的,这一差异和头发眼睛颜色的差异一样正常。

海斯说,“口味超重的人觉得苦味混合物非常之苦,而口味清淡的人会觉得同样的苦味混合物没有味道,或稍微有些苦。对苦味混合物的反应只是确定在食物偏好方面生物差异的众多方法之一,因为口味超重的人不只是对苦味敏感。”

+第四十六篇

Marvelous Metamaterials

Invisibility cloaks1 would have remained impossible,forever locked in science fiction.had it not been for the development of metamaterials2. In Greek, "meta" means beyond, and metamaterials car do things beyond what we see in the natural world—like shuffle light waves around an object,and then bring them back together3.If scientists ever manage to build a full—fledged invisibility cloak,it will probably be made of metamaterials.

"We are creating materials that don't exist in nature, and that have a physical phenomenon that doesn't exist in nature," says engineer Dentcho Genov. "That is the most exciting thing." Genov designs and builds metamaterials--such as those used in cloaking--at Louisiana Tech University in Ruston, Louisiana.

An invisibility cloak will probably not be the first major accomplishment to come from the field of metamaterials.Other applications are just as excitin9.In many labs,for example,scientists are working on building a hyperlens.A lens is a device——usually made of glass——that can change the direction of light waves.Lenses are used in microscopes and cameras to focus light,thus allowing a

researcher to see small things or a photographer to capture image of things that are far away.

A hyperlens,however,would be made of metamaterials.And since metamaterial s can do things with light that ordinary materials can't,the hyperlens would be a powerful t001.A hyperlens would allow researchers to see things at the smallest scale imaginable—as small as the wavelength of visible light.

Genov points out that the science of metamaterials is driven by the imagination:If someone call think of an idea for a new behavior for fight,then the engineers can find a way to design a device using metamaterials."We need people who can imagine," he says.

Since 2006,many laboratories have been exploring other kinds of metamaterials that don't involve just visible light.In fact,scientists are finding that almost any kind of wave may respond to metamaterials.

At the Polytechnic University of Valencia in Spain5.Jose Sanchez-Dehesa is working with acoustics, or the science of sound.Just as an invisibility cloak shuffles waves of light,an "acoustic" cloak would shuffle waves of sound in a way that's not found in nature.In an orchestra hall, for example.an acoustic cloak could redirect the sound waves——so someone sitting behind a column would hear the same concert as the rest of the audience.without distortion.

Sanchez-Dehesa,an engineer,recently showed that it's possible to build such an acoustic cloak,though he doubts we'11 see one any time soon."In principle,it is possible," he says,but it might be impossible to make one, he adds.

Other scientists are looking into ways to use larger metamaterials as shields around islands or oil rigs6 as protection from tsunamis.A tsunami is a giant.destructive wave.The metamaterial would redirect the tsunami around the rig or island.and the wave would resume its ioumey on the other side without causing any harm.

词汇:

Cloak n.斗篷,披风

Metamaterial n.超材料

full—fledged adj.完全成熟的,完全合格的

Hyperlens n.超透镜

Acoustics n.声学

Tsunami n.海震,海啸

注释:

1.Invisibility cloaks:隐形衣。在《哈利·波特与死亡圣器》(Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows)一书中,哈利通过邓布利多的转交继承了他父亲的隐形衣。该书是英国女作家J.K.罗琳创作的哈利·波特系列小说的第7部。

2.…had it not been for the development of metamaterials:……如果超材料尚未得到开发的话。该句使用的是虚拟过去时的倒装结构。虚拟过去时表示与过去事实相反的假设;因为是倒装结构,所以将情态动词had提到主语之前。如使用正常语序,该句可写为....if it had not been for the development of metamaterials.

3."meta" means beyond.and metamaterials can do things beyond what we see in the natural world—like shuffle light waves around an object and then bring them back together:“meta”的词义是“超越”,metamaterials(超材料)能做出我们在自然界看不到的事情,例如将光波移动到某个物体周围,然后将光波全部收回。

4.Louisiana Tech University in Ruston,Louisiana:路易斯安那理工大学,位于路易斯安那州拉斯顿市。该校为公立大学,1894年建校,是美国最为重要的研究型大学之一。

5.the Polytechnic University of Valencia in Spain:瓦伦西亚理工大学,位于西班牙东南部的瓦伦西亚市,该校建于l968年。.

6.oil rigs:石油钻塔

练习:

1.What is true for metamaterials?

A.They will always remain in science fiction.

B.They are already a reality.

C.They are nonexistent in nature.

D.Scientists begin to use them to build invisible cloaks.

2.A hyperlens is a more powerful tool than a traditional lens

A.as it can allow scientists to see small things.

B.as it can help photographers to capture images far away.

C.even if it is made of ordinary materials.

D.as it can help scientists to see even the wavelengths of visible light.

3.Scientists at the Polytechnic University of Valencia try to invent

A.an acoustic cloak that can shuffle waves of light.

B.an invisible cloak that can shuffle waves of sound.

C.an acoustic cloak that can shuffle waves of sound.

D.a cloak that is made of materials found in nature.

4.According to Sdnchez—Dehesa,

A.it is of great possibility to build an acoustic cloak soon.

B.it is possible to build an acoustic cloak in theory but far from.reality.

C.it is totally impossible to build an acoustic cloak.

D.it is theoretically impractical to build an acoustic cloak.

5.What ways are some scientists looking into to protect the island and oil;rig from tsunamis?

(Read the last paragraph.

A.Surround them with metamaterials as protective shields.

B.Stopping the tsunami with metamaterials hours before it reaches them.

C.Building them with larger metamaterials to keep away tsunamis.

D.Using the equipment made of metamaterials to forecast arrival of a tsunami.

不可思议的超材料

如果尚未开发超材料的话,隐形衣可能永远不可能,只能在科幻小说中看到。在希腊语中,“meta”的意思是“超越”,超材料能完成我们在自然界无法看到的事,例如将转移某物体周围的光波,然后将光波全部收回。如果科学家能够做出完全成熟的隐身衣,那很可能是有超材料制成的。

工程师Dentcho Genov说,“我们创造的是大自然不存在的材料,这些材料的物理现象在自然中也不存在。这最令人激动。” Genov在位于拉斯顿市的路易斯安那理工大学设计和制作超材料,例如能运用到隐身衣中的超材料。

隐身衣可能不是超材料领域的第一个重要成果,其他应用也同样令人振奋。例如,很多实验室的科学家正致力于建造超透镜。透镜通常由玻璃制成,能够改变光波的方向。显微镜和照相机中的透镜能够聚光,因此研究人员能够看到微小的物体,摄影师能够捕捉远处的影像。

而超透镜是由超材料构成。由于超材料能够完成普通材料无法做到的事情,超透镜会成为强大的工具。研究人员能够利用超透镜看到想象当中最微小的事物——例如和可见光的波长一样小的事物。

Genov指出,超材料科学是由想象力推动的:如果能够想到光的新行为,工程师就有办法来设计使用超材料的设备。他说,“我们需要想象力丰富的人。”

从2006年起,许多实验室开始探索不仅仅利用可见光的其他超材料。事实上,科学家发现几乎所有种类的波都对超材料有反应。

西班牙瓦伦西亚理工大学的Jose Sanchez-Dehesa在研究声学。和隐形衣移动光波的原理类似,“隐声衣”会以自然界不存在的方式来移动声波。例如,“隐声衣”会改变音乐厅内声波的方向——这样,坐在柱子后面的人和其他观众收听音乐会的效果一样,不会受到任何干扰。

最近,工程师Sanchez-Dehesa表示有可能制成“隐声衣”,但他怀疑能否很快实现。他说,“这在理论上是可能的。”但他补充说,实际上可能无法制成。

其他科学家正在研究用更大的超材料为岛屿和石油钻塔进行防护的方法,以使它们免受海啸的侵害。海啸是强大的破坏性波浪,超材料可以让钻塔和岛屿周围的海啸改变方向,波浪会沿着相反方向继续前进,不会造成任何破坏。

答案与题解:

1.C A不是正确答案,因为短文一开始的句子使用了虚拟语态,句子的意思是:如果超材料尚未得到开发的话……。也就是说,科学家已经在研发超材料。短文的后面部分也进一步提到科学家正致力于超材料的开发。但是因为超材料尚未研发成功,科学家更没有开始使用超材料来制造隐身衣,所以B和D也不是正确选择。第二段的第一句提供了答案。2.D A、B所述功效均是第三段中普通的lens能够达到的功效,所以不是正确选择。Hyperlens不是用普通材料制成,所以C也是错误选择。短文第四段对hyperlens做了描述,结合第四段内容可以得到D选项提供的结论。

3.C 短文的第七段提供了答案。该段的大意是:瓦伦西亚理工大学的研究者Jose Sanchez.-Dehesa试图研发acoustic cloak,其原理与invisible cloak相同,只是acoustic cloak移动声波

(shuffle waves of sound),而不是移动光波(shuffle waves of light)。所以,只有C是正确的选择。

4.B 短文的第八段提供了答案。工程师Sanchez-Dehesa认为,成功开发acoustic cloak在理论上是可能的,但他对是否能成功表现出怀疑。

5.A 短文的最后一段告诉我们,科学家也在研究如何将超材料应用于抵御海啸的袭击。可以在岛屿周围使用超材料作为防护(shields),因为超材料可以让海啸改变行走方向(redirect tsunarni)。A表达了这层意思,所以是答案。文章没有说,在海啸到达之前数小时用超材料将海啸档住,B不是答案。文章没有建议用超材料建造海岛和石油钻塔,C不是答案。D的内容是用超材料制作海啸预警器,文章中没有提及,也不是答案。

+ 第五十篇Cell Phones Increase Traffic, Pedestrian Fatalities

Cell phones are a danger on the road in more ways than one. Two new studies show that talking on the phone while traveling, whether you're driving or on foot, is increasing both pedestrian deaths and those of drivers and passengers,and recommend crackdowns on cell1 use by

both pedestrians and drivers.

The new studies, lead-authored by Rutgers University, Newark, Economics Professor Peter D. Loeb2,relate the impact of cell phones on accident fatalities to the number of cell phones in use,showing that the current increase in deaths resulting from cell phone use follows a period when cell phones actually helped to reduce pedestrian and traffic fatalities. However, this reduction in fatalities disappeared once the numbers of phones in use reached a ”critical mass”3 of 100 million, the study found.

These studies looked at cell phone use and motor vehicle accidents from 1975 through 2002,and factored in4 a number of variables,including vehicle speed,alcohol consumption,seat belt use,and miles driven. The studies found the cell phone-fatality correlation to be true even when including factors such as speed, alcohol consumption , and seat belt use.

Loeb and his co-author determined that,at the current time,cell phone use has a “ significant adverse effect on pedestrian safety” and that “cell phones and their usage above a critical threshol d adds to motor vehicle fatalities. ” In the late 1980s and part of the 1990s, before the numbers of phones exploded, cell phone use actually had a “ life-saving effect” in pedestrian and traffic accidents, Loeb notes. “ Cell-phone users' were able to quickly call for medical assistance when involved in an accident. This quick medical response actually reduced the number of traffic deaths for a time,’’ Loeb hypothesizes.

However, this was not the case when cells were first used in the mid-1980s, when they caused

a “life-taking effect" among pedestrians, drivers and passengers in vehicles. In those early days, when there were fewer than a million phones, fatalities increased, says Loeb, because drivers and pedestrians probably were still adjusting to the novelty of using them, and there weren't enough cell phones in use to make a difference in summoning help following an accident, he explains. The ”life-saving effect" occurred as the volume of phones grew into the early 1990s, and increasing numbers of cells were used to call 911 following accidents, leading to a drop in fatalities, explains Loeb. But this life-saving effect was canceled out6 once the numbers of phones reached a "Critical mass" of about 100 million and the “life-taking effect" ”^ increased acci dents and fatalities 一outweighed the benefits of quick access to 911 services, according to Loeb. Loe

b and his co-authors used econometri

c models to analyze data from a number of government an

d privat

e studies. He and his co-authors recommend that governments consider more aggressive policies to reduce cell phone use by both drivers and pedestrians , to reduce the

number of fatalities.

词汇:

crackdown /'kraekdaun/ n.制裁,严惩

fatality /fo'taebti/ n.死亡者

hypothesize /hai'pD0isaiz/ v.假设,假定

outweigh /raut'wei/ v.超过

econometric /iikmo丨metrik/ adj.计量经济的

注释:

cell:cell phone 的缩写。

The new studies, lead-authored by Rutgers University, Newark, Economics Professor Peter D.

Loeb,. ?.:第一作者为罗格斯大学纽瓦克分校的经济学教授Peter D. Loeb的新研究成果……。lead-author:第」作者;leacMiithore^l为动词的过去分词形式,具有被动意义。罗格斯大学纽华克分校是美国新泽西洲最负盛名的文理学院。

critical mass:临界数量

factored in:包括,把……计算在内

a critical threshold:指的是前文所说的critical mass。见注释3。

was canceled out:被抵消

练习:

1. The two new studies , lead-authored by Professor Peter D . Loeb

A show that talking on the phone while driving or walking in the street increases deaths of drivers and pedestrians.

B show that talking on the phone while driving increases pedestrian deaths.

C recommend that strict measures be taken to restrain cell phone use.

D both A and C.

2. According to the second paragraph, when did cell phones actually help to reduce pedestrian and traffic fatalities?

A Right after cell phones were invented.

B Before the number of cell phone users reached a critical mass

C When cell phone users totaled to a certain number.

D When the number of cell phones decreased to a certain number.

3. What is said about cell phone use in paragraph 4?

A The number of cell phones in use exploded in the late 1980s and part of the 1990s.

B The number of traffic deaths was reduced in the late 1980s and part of the 1990s due to cell phone use. 丨

C Cell phone users are likely to be involved in traffic accidents.

D The use of cell phones has a life-saving effect for pedestrians and drivers.

4. What is said about cell phone use in the mid-1980s in paragraph 5?

A It had a life-taking effect because there weren't enough cell phones in use then .

B The increased use of cell phones then caused a "life-taking effect. ”

C Traffic fatalities increased then because the number of cell phones in use decreased.

D Traffic fatalities decreased then because the number of cell phones in use increased.

5. Which of the following statements DOES NOT answer the question “ What caused the “ life- saving effect" to occur in the early 1990s?"

A There were more cell phone users during that period.

B The number of cell phone users reached about 100 million.

C More cell phones were used to call 911 when accidents occurred.

D Cell phones enabled people to have quick access to 911 services.

答案与题解:

D根据k文第一段的内容,Loeb教授的最新研究发现,开车或行路时打手机使司机和行路

人的死亡率上升,并建议采取严厉措施限制司机和行路人使用手机。B是错误理解,因为只有行路人被提到。

B短文的第二段的最后两个句子提供了答案:在手机使用者达到1亿的临界点之前,手机

的使用的确减少了交通事故死伤率。A、C和D的表述内容都没有在文章中提到。

B A 是错误选择,因为该段的第四个句子In the late 1980s and part of the 1990s, before the

numbers of phones exploded,……表明,手机数量在80年代末期和90年代早期还未激增。

C 的表述内容没有在文中提到。句子.?. cell phone use actually had a "life-saving effect"用

的是过去式,说的是发生在20世纪80年代末期和90年代早期的事情,而D句用的是现在一般式,表示通常的状况,所以是错误的选择。

A第五段的大概意思是,20世纪80年代中期,交通事故的死伤率增加,因为人们还在适应

这一新事物,没有足够的手机让人们在发生交通事故时及时求救。该段没有讨论80年代中期手机数量的增减问题,所以B、C和D都是错误选择。

B第六段最后一个句子说,当手机使用者的数量达到100万时,life-saving effect就被抵消

T,life-taking effect超过了手机使用者能迅速呼叫“911”服务的优点。所以,B不是问题的

答案。其他选项都表述了该段的内容。

第五十篇手机增加交通行人死亡

手机在路上有多种多样的危险。两个新的研究表明,不管开车还是步行时打手机,都会增加行人、司机和乘客死亡的危险,所以该研究建议严厉限制行人和司机使用手机。

这是一项第一作者为罗格斯大学纽瓦克分校的经济学教授Peter D. Loeb的新研究成果,它把手机的意外Ic命的影响和大量手机使用数量联系起表明目前由于手机所引起的死亡数目有所增加,而在此之间的一段时间里,手机事实上能够帮助降低行人和交通致命率。但研究发现,当手机使用人数达到1亿这个临界数量时,手机降低交通致命率的作用就消失了。这些研究涉及到从1975年到2002年间的手机使用和机动车辆事故之间的关系,也涉及包括车速、酒精消耗、安全带的使用和行驶的里数等其他方面。这些研究表明甚至当考虑比如速度、酒精消耗和安全带的使用这些因素时,二者之间的关联也是真实存在的。

在目前,Loeb和他的合者决定手机的使用“在行人安全上有严重的反作用”并且“手机的使用数量已经超过了临界数量也增加了机动车辆的致命性。”在20世纪80年代末和90年代的一段时间,在手机使用数量达到大爆炸之前,手机的使用确实在交通事故中起到过“保护生命的作用”。“当发生交通意外时,手机使用者能够快速地打电话寻求医疗帮助,这种快速的医学求救反应确实能在一定时间内减少一定数量的事故死亡”,Loeb假设。

但是,在20世纪80年代当手机开始被使用时并不是这样,在那时手机在行人、司机和乘客间造成了“致命的效果。”在早些日子里,那时有不到一百万部手机,致命率增加了,Loeb

说,因为司机和行人或许在那时还在适应怎样使用它们,还没有足够的手机能够在事故中呼叫帮助,他解释说。

这“保护生命的效果”是在20世纪90年代当大数量的手机被使用的时候出现的,越来越多的手机在事故之后拨打“911” .求助,这就降低了致命率,Loeb解释说。但是一旦手机的使用量超过大约一亿的“临界数量”时,这种保护生命的效果就被抵消了,而且这种“致命的效果”——增加了事故和死亡——超过了能快速呼叫“911”服务的好处,根据Loeb所说。Loeb和他的合著者们使用计量经济模式来分析从许多政府和私人研究中得来的数据。他和他的合著者们都推荐政府采取强制性措施来减少司机和行人的手机使用数量,来减少死亡事件的发生。

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