（1）表示与现在事实相反的条件
条件从句用动词的过去式（be动词用were），主句用should（第一人称）或would（全部人称）+动词原形。可用情态动词could, might代替should, would表示情态。
If it were Sunday tomorrow, I would go and see my friends. 明天要是星期天的话，我就去看望我的朋友。
If I were you, I should go and try. 我要是你，我就去试试。
If wishes were horses, beggars might ride.
如果幻想能成为马匹，叫花子都有了坐骑
要是他们把我当奴隶对待，我就走。
（2）表示与过去事实相反的条件
条件从句用动词的过去完成时，主句用should（第一人称）或would（全部人称）+have done，也可用could, might代替should, would。
If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have telephoned you. 如果昨天我知道你的电话号码，我就给你打电话了。
If it had not rained this morning, I should have gone shopping. 今天早上要是没下雨，我就去买东西了。
The flood might have caused great damages to the people if we had not built so many reservoirs. 倘若我们没有修建这么多的水库，洪水就会使人民遭受巨大的损失。
（3）表示在将来不太可能实现的条件
表示在将来不太可能实现的条件从句有三种形式：
A、were/did
条件从句用动词的过去式（be动词用were），主句用should（第一人称）或would（全部人称）+动词原形。也可用could, might代替should, would。
If he were here tomorrow, I would speak to him. 明天如果他在这里的话，我就和他谈谈。
If you dropped the glass, it would break. 你要是把杯子掉下来，会打碎的。
If she had time, she could help me. 她要是有时间，就会帮我了。
B、should do
条件从句中不管什么人称都用should do，可表示有偶然实现的可能性。
If it should rain, the crops could be saved. 假如下雨，庄稼可能就有救了。
We would trust him if he should be honest. 如果他真是诚实的，那我们就相信他。
C、were to do
条件从句用were + to do。这种形式比较正式，常出现在书面语中，其假设成份很大，实现的可能性很小。
If I were to do the work, I should do it in a different way. 要是我做这项工作，我就会以不同的方式去做。
If the headmaster were to come, what would we say to him 假如校长来了，我们对他说什么呢？
对比：
将来不太可能实现的三种非真实条件句中的虚拟语气对比
If it snowed tomorrow, I would stay at home. 如果明天下雪的话，我就留在家里。
（常用形式）
If it should snow tomorrow, I would stay at home. 如果明天下雪的话，我就留在家里。
（可能性较小）
If it were to snow tomorrow, I would stay at home. 如果明天要下雪的话，我就留在家里。（可能性最小）
3、省略if的条件句
在书面语中，非真实条件句中有were, had, should时，可以省略if，而把were, had, should 放在主语前，用倒装结构。
Were it necessary, I might go without delay. 如果需要的话，我可以立即去。（= If it were necessary......）
Had you taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the exam. 你要是听了我的建议，就不会考试不及格了。（= If you had taken my advice......）
Should I have time, I would call on her. 要是有时间，我就去看她。（= If I should have time......）
4、错综条件句
虚拟条件句中的主句和从句涉及的动作发生的时间不一致，这时主句和从句的谓语形式应按照各自动作发生的实际时间来表达。
If you hadn't watched TV yesterday, you wouldn't be so sleepy now. 如果你昨天不看电视，你现在也就不会这么困了。（从句yesterday说明过去，主句now说明现在）
If they had left home early this morning, they would arrive in half an hour. 如果他们今天一早就离开家的话，再过半小时他们就该到了。（从句说明过去，主句说明将来。）
If you hesitated this moment, you might suffer in the future. 如果你此刻犹豫不决，你将来会吃苦头的。（从句说明现在，主句说明将来）
注意：
在很多情况下，我们也可以用was来代替当主语是第一人称或第三人称单数时的were。If were here tomorrow...
也可以说成：If he was here tomorrow...
I wish I were a bird.
也可以说成：I sish I was a bird.
但倒装句型中的were不可被was来替换。
Were I in your position,I would not do it.如果我处在你的位置，我是不会干这件事的。
5、含蓄条件句
非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体有三种情况：
（1）条件暗含在短语中
He would not get such a result without your help. 没有你的帮助，他就不会有今天的成果。(条件暗含在介词短语without your help中)
But for you, I could not be recovered so soon. 要不是有你，我就不会恢复得这么快。(条件暗含在But for you中)
This same thing, happening in the past, would lead to a disaster.同样的事，如发生在过去，就会酿成大祸。(条件暗含在分词短语happening in the past中)
He must have been there, or he never could know the place so well.他一定是去过那儿，否则他绝不会对那个地方如此熟悉。(暗含条件是连词or)
（2）条件可根据上下文推理出
It would do you no good. 这可能会对你没好处。(条件可能是if you should give up the job 如果你放弃这项工作的话)
They could have won.他们本来是会赢的。(条件可能是if they had been patient 如果他们
有耐心的话)
Such mistakes could have been avoided. 这种错误完全能避免。（条件可能是if you had been more careful 如果你更加小心一点的话）
Why didn't you tell me about it I should have helped you. 为什么你不告诉我？我会帮助你的。（条件可能是if you had told me about it 如果你当时告诉我的话）
--- Did you go to see him yesterday 你昨天去看他了吗？
--- I would have, but someone dropped over to my house for a visit. 原想去的，但有人到我家来玩了。（条件是if no one had dropped over to my house for a visit 如果没人到我家来玩的话）（3）条件用其他形式来表示
She was ill, otherwise she would have been present at the meeting. 她病了，否则的话就会出席会议了。（条件通过连词otherwiseor表示出来If she had not been ill...）
I told him to go there himself, but perhaps I should have gone together with him. 我让他自己去那里，但也许我应该和他一道去。（连词but暗示条件）
Suppose you were in my shoes, what would you do 假若你站在我的立场上，你会怎么办？（用supposesupposingproviding等词表示if）
To talk with her, you would know she could not hear well. 如果你同她交谈，你就会知道她的听力不好。（动词不定式带有假设的意思，相当于If you should talk with her...）
Left to himself, he could not have finished the work. 要是放任他的话，他是不可能完成工作的。（动词的-ed形式表示条件If he had been left to himself...）
提示：
在很多情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。
You wouldn't know.你不会知道。
I would like to go with you.我愿意和你一起去。
四、虚拟语气在各种从句中的用法
虚拟语气除主要用于非真实条件句外，还可用在部分主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句之中。
1、名词性从句中的虚拟语气
主句中的动词、名词、形容词如表示要求、建议、命令或愿望等含义，与其相关的名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。
（1）主语从句中的虚拟语气
主语从句由连词that所引导，常用在It is(was)+形容词+that…句型中。其谓语用“should+动词原形”（或should+have+过去分词）或只用动词原形（尤其是美国英语）。常用的这类形容词有：advisable, desirable, desired, essential, imperative (迫切的)，important, natural, necessary, preferable, strange, urgent 等。
①表示建议或命令
It is important that we (should) work out a study plan. 重要的是我们要制订出一个学习计划。It will be better that we (should) meet some other time. 最好我们在另一个时间见面。
It is suggested that each student (should) sing a song in English. 有人建议每个学生都要唱一
首英文歌曲。
It is demanded that he should leave at once. 要求他立刻离开。
②表示惊讶
It is strange that he should have failed to see his own shortcomings. 真奇怪他竟看不到自己的缺点。
It is a pityshame that I should be at school instead of lying here in hospital. 真可惜，我应当在学校而不是躺在医院里。
It is natural that you should forget it first. 你起先记不住是很自然的。
必背：
常见的要接含有虚拟语气主语从句的词
形容词：important, necessary, urgent, essential, vital, natural, strange, proper等
动词的-ed形式：arranged, suggested, ordered, required, desired, demanded, proposed等
It is necessary that the program (should) be loaded into the computer. 有必要把程序输入电脑。It is strange that he should have learned so much in such a short time. 很奇怪他竟然在如此短的时间内学了那么多的东西。
It is desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight. 希望一切在今晚前准备就绪。（2）宾语从句
虚拟语气常用在表示要求、建议、命令或愿望的动词后的宾语从句中。
常见的宾语从句中需用“should+动词原形”的动词有：
一个坚持：insist
两个命令：order,command
三个建议：suggest,advise,propose
四个要求：demand,require,ask,desire
A、在suggest（建议）, order(命令), propose(建议), insist（坚持要做）, command (命令)，request（要求），advise（建议）等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should + 动词原形（美国英语常省略should）。
The examination instructor asked that the students (should) not use a calculator. 考官要求学生不要使用计算器。
The workers demanded that their wages (should) be raised by 10 percent. 工人们要求增加百
分之十的工资。
They requested that he (should) sing a song. 他们要求他唱一首歌。
比较：
动词suggest和insist后面的宾语从句，应根据不同情况选用陈述语气或虚拟语气。suggest作“建议”解时，用虚拟语气，作“使想起、暗示”解时，用陈述语气。
His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.他的沉默暗示他赞同我的决定。（暗示）He suggested that I (should) stick to my decision.他建议我坚持自己的决定。（建议）
insist作“坚决要求”解时，用虚拟语气，作“坚持认为”解时，用陈述语气。
He insists that doing morning exercises does good to people's health. 他坚持认为做早操对健
康有益。（强调）
He insists that he (should) do morning exercises every day.他坚持每天都要做早操。（要求）B、在动词wish后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，表示不可能实现的愿望。
一般过去时weredid 表示目前不可能实现的愿望
I wish I were a bird. 但愿我是一只小鸟。
I wish I knew the answer.我要是知道答案就好了。
过去完成时had done 表示过去不可能实现的愿望
I wish she had taken my advice.那时她要是接受我的建议就好了。
I wish that I had seen her yesterday.真希望我昨天见过她。
过去将来时wouldcould do表示将来没有把握或不可能实现的愿望
I wish you would stay an hour longer. 我希望你再呆一个小时。
I wish it could stop raining.但愿雨能停。
提示：
由于wish和hope的汉语意思差不多，在使用上往往容易出错。wish一般表示“希望”、“但愿”，表示不可能实现的愿望，后接从句时要用虚拟语气；hope表示“希望”，指可以实现的希望，后接从句时用陈述语气。
The students hope that their football team will win the game. 学生们希望他们的足球队获胜。（可能实现）
I wish I could see him now. 我希望现在就能看到他。（不可能实现）
（3）表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气
在表示建议、劝告、命令等含义的名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语动词要用“should + 动词原形”结构。
My advice is that you (should) practise speaking English as often as possible.我的建议是你尽可能经常地练习说英语。
The demand is that the composition (should) be written on one side only. 按照要求作文必须单面誊写。
It is my desire that all the members of the family (should) gather once a year. 我的愿望是所有家庭成员一年团圆一次。
The suggestion that education (should) be reformed is reasonable. 教育要改革的建议是合理的。
必背：
表示建议、劝告、命令等含义的名词常见的有
advice 建议
demand 要求
desire 愿望
decision 决定
idea 意见
motion 提议
order 命令
proposal 提议
requirement 要求
request 请求
regulation 规章
suggestion 建议
2、状语从句中的虚拟语气
①方式状语从句
由as if 或as though引导的状语从句可以用陈述语气表示可能符合事实的情况，也可以用虚拟语气表示与事实不符或与事实相反的情况。
a. 表示与现在事实不相符，用一般过去时
The teacher treats the pupil as if he were her own child. 这位老师对待这位学生就像自己的亲生孩子一样。（这位学生并不是她的亲生孩子）
b. 表示与过去事实不相符，用过去完成时
I felt as though we had known each other for years. 我感觉我们好像认识多年了。（其实并没
有认识多年）
c. 表示与将来事实不相符，用wouldmightcould
It looks as if it might rain. 天看上去好像要下雨。（不大可能下雨）
对比：
He looks as if he is young. 看样子他好像很年轻。（他就是年轻）
He looks as if he were young. 看样子他好像很年轻。（实际上他不年轻）
②目的状语从句
a. 由in case, lest, for fear that引导的目的状语从句，动词用“should + 动词原形”结构，表示忧虑或目的。
Please remind me of it again tomorrow in case I (should) forget. 请你明天再提醒我这件事，以免我忘记。
She emphasized it again and again, lest he (should) forget. 她一再强调这一点免得他忘记。We had a meeting and talked the matter over face to face for fear that there
should be any misunderstanding.
我们开了一个会，面对面谈了这件事，以免发生任何误会.
b. 在in order that和so that引导的目的状语从句中，往往用can(could)或may(might)。
I shall write down your telephone number so that I may not forget. 我要把你的电话号码记下来，以免忘记。
They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time. 为了能提前完成工作，他们比往常更加努力。
We will tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself. 我把真实情况告诉你，使你能自己作出判断。
③让步状语从句
让步状语从句指事实时，从句谓语动词用陈述语气。若从句内容表示现在和将来的假设情况，从句谓语动词用虚拟语气。
Though he (should) fail, there would still be hope. 即使他失败了，仍有一线希望。
I should say the same thing even if he were here. 即使他在这里，我还是要这么说。Whether he (should) succeed or fail, we shall have to do our part. 不管他成功还是失败，我们还是要做好自己的事。
However hard it might rain rains, we shall go there together. 不管雨下得多么大，今晚我们还是要去那里。
No matter what his social position (might) be, a man is equal in the eye of the law. 一个人不论其社会地位如何，在法律面前都是平等的。
3、定语从句中的虚拟语气
在It is (high) time (that) ...结构中，定语从句的谓语动词用过去式，表示“到某人该做某事的时间了”。
It is time that the children went to bed. 到孩子们睡觉的时间了。
It is high time that we began the meeting. 正是我们开会的时间了。
五、其他句型中的虚拟语气
1、If only......
If only位于句首引起的感叹句用虚拟语气，动词用一般过去时表示目前的愿望，用过去完成时表示过去的愿望，用would或could表示将来。
If only he knew the answer. 他要是知道答案就好了。（用过去时表示现在）
If only I could speak several foreign languages！我要是能讲几种外语就好了！（用wouldcould
表示将来）
If only you had told me the truth before. 要是你以前告诉我真相就好了。（用过去完成时表示过去）
注意：if only和wish的用法相同，表示的意愿也基本相同。
If only it would rain. 但愿天能下点儿雨！= How I wish it would rain.
If only I had known her earlier! 要是我早点儿认识她就好了！= I wish I had known her earlier.
2、would rather
would rather, would prefer, would sooner 等后接从句，表示“宁愿”，动词用过去时表示当时和将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况。
I would rather you left today. 我宁可你今天走。
I would prefer he didn't stay here too long. 我倒希望他不要在这儿呆得太久。
I would rather I hadn't seen that film yesterday. 我宁愿昨天没有看那场电影。
提示：
would rather 主要有两种用法。
（1）后接不带to的不定式
I'd rather play tennis than swim. 我宁愿打网球，也不愿游泳。
I'd rather not go to the movies. 我宁愿不去看电影。
Which would you rather have, tea or coffee 你喜欢喝茶，还是咖啡
（2）后接不用连词的that从句
I'd rather you went home now. 我希望你现在就回家。
I would rather my daughter attended a public school. 我希望我的女儿能上公立学校。
3、表示愿望的感叹句
在表示祝愿的感叹句中，用动词原形，表示愿望。
Long live the People's Republic of China! 中华人民共和国万岁！
May you be happy! 祝您快乐！
God bless you! 上帝保佑你！
Success attend you! 祝你成功！
The Lord save us! 愿主救我们！
4、情态动词用于虚拟语气
部分情态动词的过去形式（could, might, should, would），可以用于非真实条件句以及其他结构中表示虚拟语气。
（1）表示想像或猜测
If I could speak French, I would teach you. 如果我会说法语，我就能教你。（我不会，所以不能教你）
If you phoned him right now, you might get the matter settled. 如果你现在给他打电话，你就可以把问题解决了。
There could be something wrong with the tape recorder. 这台录音机可能出毛病了。
He might have said so. 他可能这样说过。
Could he have done such a foolish thing 他会做这样的傻事吗？
（2）表示委婉或客气
虚拟语气（could, would, might + 动词原形）可使说话者的口气变得委婉客气。
You could answer this email for me. 你可以替我回这个电子邮件。
Could you leave me your telephone number and address 你能将电话号码和地址留给我吗？
Would you mind opening the window 劳驾把窗子打开，好吗？
You might as well put off the discussion till next week. 你们不妨把讨论推迟到下个星期。
比较：
would lide to do
愿意，想要
would lide to have done
本来想
I would like (to have) a word with you.我想和你谈一谈。(现在想)
I would like to have talked with you.我原本想和你谈一谈的。（没有谈成）
（3）表示惋惜或责备
Given more time, we could have done better. 如果给我们更多时间，我们能够干得更好些。（我们并没有得到更多的时间）
You could have got up a little earlier！你完全可以早点儿起来！（实际上没有早起）
It was cold yesterday. I should have worn a heavy coat. 昨天很冷，我该穿件厚外套的。（但我没穿）
This wall shouldn't have been pained blue. 这墙不应该漆成蓝色。（但已漆了）
提示：
当代英语一个显著的变化就是虚拟语气的使用越来越少，许多该用虚拟语气的地方都用陈述语气代替。
He suggested that I went to the hospital at once. 他建议我们立刻去医院。（原应用should go）We shall write down the address lest we forget. 我们要把地址记下来，以免忘记。（原应用should forget）
Imagine you are an astronaut. 设想你是个宇航员。（原应用were）
高中英语虚拟语气详细讲解 虚拟语气 什么是虚拟语气？是的，我们要学习虚拟语气就必须先弄明白它的概念。 虚拟语气包含两种：一种指与事实相反或不可能发生。“虚拟条件句+虚拟主句”的结构都属于这一类；even if、even though、as if、as though引导的状语中如果需要用到虚拟语气也属于这一类；wish、would rather后面接的宾语从句表示不可能实现的愿望，还是属于这一类。 另一种指与事实实际是否发生没有直接关系。如和suggest、order、demand等表示建议、命令、要求等相关的名词性从句都属于这一类。 大家知道以上两类虚拟语气后，我们就从从句的角度来系统学习虚拟语气。紧跟小简老师的步伐哦！ 一. 虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+did(be动词用were) 主句：主语+ should/would/might/could+do
If I were you,I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你） If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you. 如果我知道他的，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道） If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+had+done 主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have done If I had got there earlier,I should/would have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了） If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话） 3、表示与将来事实相反的情况
虚拟语气: 表示说的话不是事实，不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况，表达一种愿望、建议、假设。 if were/did, would do if had done, would have done if were to do/should do, would do 举例： If I were you, I would do nothing about it. If you had taken your teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake. If it were to/ should rain tomorrow(表示降水率很低)，they wouldn’t go shopping. 附注： 虚拟语气，条件状从倒装 状语从句中，去掉if,提前were/ had/ should 如：If I were you, I would give up. →Were I you, I would give up If you had taken the advice, you would have…. →Had you taken the advice, you would have… If the world shou ld come to an end,…… →Should the world come to an end…… 另外，without, but for, otherwise构成的条件状语从句中，也有含蓄的虚拟语气But for the popularization of electricity, we would lead a whole different life today. (popularization 普及，publicity 宣传) Without your help, I would have failed. We’ll go earlier, otherwise we wouldn’t get a seat.（表示可能性小）
虚拟语气 第一节语气 英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气（Indicative Mood），祈使语气(Imperative Mood)和虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。 第二节虚拟语气的概念 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。 第三节虚拟语气在条件句中 １．当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句“，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整． If you had followed my advice , you would be better now. 如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了． ２．在条件句中，可省略 if，把were ,had, should 提到句首，变为倒装句式． If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Had you come earlier, you would have met him.
第四节虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用 一、虚拟语气在主语从句中 A.在句型“It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... ”中，表示某事 重要、奇怪、自然、必要等；that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形（should 可以省略）例如： It’s important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。 这类的形容词还有advisable（可取的），appropriate（适当的），compulsary（必须的），crucial （关键的），desirable（理想的），essential（必要的），imperative（迫切的），important(重要的)，possible（可能的），preferable（更好的），probable（可能的），strange（奇怪的），urgent（急迫的），vital（极为重要的）等。 B. 在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required/recommended/requested/required/. that-clause句型中从句用(should )+动词原型，表示愿望，建议，请求等主观意愿等。 It is demanded that we should work out a plan. C. 在It is a pity/a shame/ no wonderproposal/recommendation/suggestion/surprise/advice that…..句型中从句也常用(should )+动词原型,表示建议，命令，请求，道歉，怀疑，惊奇等。 It’s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance. 二、用于宾语从句 用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。 insist, suggest, order, command, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc. 注意：suggest 当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist 表示”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。 The teacher suggested that we should clean the blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。 The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. 他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意． He insisted that all of us be there on time by any means. 他坚持要求我们大家想尽办法按时去那里。 The man insisted that he had never stolen the money. 那个人坚持说他没有偷钱． 三、用于表语从句和同位语从句 在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request /desire/ recommendation/resolution 等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用“should＋动词原形” should可以省略． My advice is that you should practice speaking English as often as possible. 我的建议是你要尽可能经常地练习说英语。 The suggestion that the mayor should present the prizes was accepted by everyone. 每个人都接受由市长颁发奖金这一建议。 第五节虚拟语气在其他从句中 1. It is (high / about ) time that…从句中的谓语动词用过去式或should＋动词原形，should 不能省略．
虚拟语气的用法总结 语气：语气是动词的一中形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望，假设或推测等。如If I were you, I should study English. 一．虚拟语气在条件从句的用法 条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句；一类是非真实条件句，也就是虚拟条件句。 如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语要用陈述语气。如If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句 If her mother had taken the doctor’s advice, she would/might have got well earlier. If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be canceled. 有时候省略if，采用局部倒装语序。把had /should/were 等动词（不包括行为动词）移到从句的句首。例如： Were it to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be canceled. Had it not been for the storm, we would have arrived in time. Should the earth stop running, what would happen? 二. 错综时间条件句 有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时需要根据意思采用表示不同时间的动词形式来进行调整。 If she had taken the doctor’s advice, she might still be alive. If I were you, I would have accepted their terms. 三．含蓄条件句
高中英语语法讲解--虚拟语气 1. 语气的定义和种类 （1）语气的定义 语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 （2）语气的种类 A. 陈述语气 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。 We are not ready. Did it rain all day yesterday? What a fine day today！ B. 祈使语气 表使说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。 Be careful. Don’t forget to clo se the window. Open the door, please. C. 虚拟语气 表使动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。 2. 虚拟语气 一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。如： If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。 Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。 虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。 1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+动词原形。 如： If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。 （事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。） If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。 （事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。） 2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+ have ＋过去分词。 如：She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.
高中英语虚拟语气知识 点及练习 内部编号：（YUUT-TBBY-MMUT-URRUY-UOOY-DBUYI-0128）
虚拟语气：虚拟证据表示说的话不是事实，或者不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或者与事实相反的假设等，一般常用于正式的书面语中。 一、虚拟语气在if条件从句中的用法： 1、a. If I were you, I would apply for the job. b. If I lived near my office, I would walk to the office. 与现在事实相反，If条件从句谓语：过去式（be用were） 主句谓语：should / would / could / might+动词原形 2、a. If you had been more careful, You could have passed the exam. b. If you had turned off the gas, the house wouldn’t have caught fire. 与过去事实相反，If条件从句谓语：had+动词过去分词 主句谓语：should / would / could / might + have done 3、a. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. b. if it were to rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. c. If it rained tomorrow, we would not go camping. 与将来事实相反：If条件从句谓语：过去式 / should + v原形 / were + to do 主句谓语：should / would / could / might + do 二、混合虚拟条件句：不同时间的虚拟，各遵守各的规则，如： a. If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would be quite all right now. 从句叙述与过去事实相反（had + done），主句叙述与现在事实相反（would + v）
高中英语虚拟语气总 结
虚拟条件句 Q: What’s the difference between the two sentences? If I am free, I will visit you. (______条件句) If I were a bird, I would fly into the sky. (______条件句) a. 真实条件句表示条件是真的或有可能实现的, 采用陈述语气。 真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况可能发生,其中if是“如果”的意思 条件从句主句 一般现在时 will \shall+动词原形 e.g. What will you do if it rains tomorrow? I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow. The football match _______ put off if it______(rain). b. 虚拟条件句表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的, 采用虚拟语气。 I. 虚拟语气？ 虚拟语气就是表示与真实情况相反的一种假设、愿望或推测。 Subjunctive mood is the verb form used to express a wish; a suggestion; a command or a condition that is contrary to a fact. If I ________(be ) the girl, I________________(want )a big hug. If I ______(meet ) Obama, I________________ (shake) hands with him. 1.同现在事实相反的假设 条件从句主句 过去式(were) should/would/mould/might/+ do If I had a lot of money, I would donate some to the people in need. 2.与过去事实相反的假设 条件从句主句 had done would/should/could/might + have done e.g. If he had driven more carefully, he would not have had the car accident in May, 2009.
【The Subjunctive Mood】 语气 (mood)是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。英语中的语气有三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。 陈述语气(indicative mood),表示所说的话是事实。 祈使语气 (imperative mood),表示所说的话是请求或命令。 虚拟语气(subjunctive mood),表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或及事实相反的假设等。 一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句及非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句及结果主句都用陈述语气。 如： If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。 Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。 虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句及结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。
1. 及现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式 (be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should （would, might, could）+动词原形。 如： If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。 （事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。） If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。 （事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。） 2. 及过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句的谓语用should （ would, might， could）+ have ＋过去分词。 如：She would have gone to the party if she had been invited. 要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。 （事实是：当时没有人邀请她，因此，她没有来参加聚会。表示后悔。） If she hadn't called me, I would have overslept this morning. 今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。 （事实是：她今天早上叫我了，我没有睡过头。表示感激。）
高考英语虚拟语气知识点经典测试题及解析 一、选择题 1．I insisted he______ back the wallet to the lady, but he insisted he______it. A．handed; didn’t steal B．hand; hadn’t stolen C．hand; not steal D．handed; hadn’t stolen 2．Recent years have seen a growing increase in the emergence of cyber terms, without which our life _____ so colorful nowadays. A．won’t be B．hadn’t been C．wouldn’t be D．can’t be 3．This winter vacation, my family are going to visit the Great Wall, but I would rather we ________ to Shanghai Disneyland. A．go B．had gone C．would go D．went 4．The requirement of the government is that the citizens not set off fireworks from January 1, 2019 on. A．shall B．should C．can D．may 5．What do you think of the proposal that improvement ____ in the type of vacuum cleaner? A．be made B．will be made C．would be made D．has to be made 6．I wish I ________ an architect because then I ________ be able to design my own house. A．am, will be B．were, would C．will be, could D．was, could 7．How I wish I ______ my mouth before I shouted at my mum! A．shut B．have shut C．had shut D．would shut 8．That was not the first time he ____ us. I think it's high time we ____ strong actions against him. A．betrayed, take B．had betrayed, took C．has betrayed, took D．has betrayed, take 9．Studies show that historical barriers on women acceptance in organizational environments, the development of the company would already be way ahead. A．were it not for B．if there being no C．hadn't it been for D．if it is not for 10．The board thought it urgent that these files _____ right away. A．printed B．had been printed C．would been printed D．be printed 11．What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he ___________ it better. A．need have done B．must have done C．can have done D．might have done 12．If penicillin available, many people from sickness or even small wounds in World WarⅡ.
2020年高考英语虚拟语气语法讲解 语法讲解：虚拟语气一、语气的定义和种类 l. 语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 2. 语气的种类（1）陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：we are not ready. 我们没准备好。what a fine day it is！多好的天气啊！（2）祈使语气：表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。如：open the door， please.请打开门。（3）虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如： if i were you， i should study english. 如果我是你，我就学英语了。may you succeed！祝您成功！二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。如： if it doesn't rain tomorrow， we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如： if he had seen you yesterday， he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。（事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。）在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。现将虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下：从句主句与现在事实相反动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were） would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词与将来事实相反动词过去式，should + 动词原形，were to + 动词原形 would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形注：主句中的should只用于i、we，但在美国英语中，should常被would代替；从句中的should 可用于各种人称。 l. 表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如：if my brother were here， everything would be all right. 要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。 2. 表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。如：if you had taken my advice，you wouldn't （couldn't） have failed in the exam. 如果你按照我的建议去做，你一定不会（不可能）考试不及格。 3. 表示与将来事实可
Unit13虚拟语气专题讲解 【知识要点】 语气（mood）是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。 英语有三种语气： ＊直陈语气（indicative mood）---- 事实 France lies to the east of England. ＊祈使语气（imperative mood）---- 请求、命令 Make yourself at home. ＊虚拟语气（subjunctive mood） If there were no air and water , we should not be able to live on the earth. 虚拟语气表示说话人的一种主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件而不一定是事实，或与事实相反。 一. 虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法 假设类型条件从句谓语 动词形式 主语谓语 动词形式 与现在事实相反动词的过去式(be用were而不用was) should/ would /could/ might+动词原形 与过去事实相反had + 过去分词 should/ would/could /might + have+过去分词 与将来事实相反1.should+动词原形 2.动词过去式 3.were to+动词原形 should/ would/ could/ might +动词原形 1. 在错综条件句子中，虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致，因此，主句和从句的谓语动词应根据所指的时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。 1）If I were you，I wouldn't have missed the film last night． 2）If he had followed the doctor's advice，he would recover already．（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。） 2、在if虚拟条件句中，有时可把连词省去，采用倒装语序把谓语动词were或助动词did，had，should 移到句 首构成非真实条件从句的另一种句型，其意思不变。 1）Had we time to spare，we would be glad to go to the park． 2）Were it not for the discovery of electricity，the modern world would experience great inconvenience． 3、有时假设的情况不用if引导虚拟条件从句来表述，而用介词（如without， but for等）引出的短语、分词 （如supposing等）引出的短语、并列连词（如or，otherwise，but，though等）、由动词suppose引出的祈使句或通过上下文的意思来表达。此时句中谓语动词仍采用虚拟语气的相应形式。 1）But for your advice，I would not be able to do this work． 2）Victor obviously doesn't know what's happened，otherwise he wouldn't have made such a stupid remark．。
高中虚拟语气精讲 英语动词有三种语气，陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。 定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种 愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。 ●虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。 假如我有足够的钱, 我就去环游世界. If I had enough money, I would travel around the world. 假如我是你, 我就不会说那样的话. If I were you, I would not say that. 假如我听了你的建议, 我就不会犯错误了. If I had taken your advice, I wouldn’t have made a mistake. 假如明天下雪的话, 我就不去野营了. If it should rain tomorrow, I wouldn’t go camping. ●有时表示虚拟语气的条件从句或者主句都可以省略，而只剩下一个 主句或者一个条件从句。 ●假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致， 叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间 而定。(“各归各”的原则） If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better. If you had followed the teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t fail the exam now. ●假设条件虚拟倒装。条件从句中有should，were，had三个助动 词可以把if省略，并将这三个词提至句首。 If I were you, I would give it up. Were I you, I would give it up. If it were not for your advice, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties. Were it not for your advice, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties. If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again. Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again. If there should be a flood, what should we do? Should there be a flood, what should we do? 没有阳光，人们的生活将于今天的截然不同。 Without sunlight, people’s life would be different from today. 要是没有你的帮助，我就不能完成那项工作。 But for your help, I wouldn’t have finished the work. With favorable winds, we might have arrived there in two days. ●with, or, otherwise, but, however 引导的从句如与事实不符，用虚拟 My parents lent me the money. Otherwise, I couldn't have afforded the trip.我父母借钱给我了。否则，我可付不起这次旅费。（虚拟） Shut the window, otherwise it'll get too cold in here. （非虚拟） I'm lucky that I'm interested in school work, otherwise I'd go mad.
㈠课程说明 教学目标： 虚拟语气是高考的重点，且难度较大。本次课程通过对虚拟语气知识点的复习讲解，总结概括，让学生知道虚拟语气是用来表示人的主观的愿望和假想，达到学生对知识点的熟练运用，在脑海中形成具有条理性的知识框架的目的。 教材分析： 虚拟语气是高考英语重点和难点，掌握好虚拟语气的重要性对每个参加高考的学生不言而喻。这次课程是高三第一轮复习时对虚拟语气的再次讲解和梳理，全部的知识都经过了高度的总结合概括，均是高考考点。 学生特征分析： 辅导的学生是高三年级，刻苦努力，理解能力较强，有一定的基础。基本知识掌握一般，且很多重要的知识点已经遗忘。 教学重点难点： 1、真实条件句和非真实条件句的用法。 2、虚拟语气用在主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，定语从句中 的用法。 3、情态动词+ have + done的用法。 ㈡课前准备： 教学方法： 一对一辅导，面对面答疑，培养学生对英语的理解表达和思维的
能力，同时安排适当的练习，保证学生能够当堂消化所讲内容。 教学器材： 黑板，粉笔，草稿纸，教案，给学生的资料，如果有条件可以适当运用多媒体。 时间分配： 讲课40分钟，做练习题20分钟。 ㈢课程设计： 一、导入： If you were to succeed, everything would be all right. If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. （这两个句子是什么形式？之前学过还有印象吗？通过提问问题激发学生的思考能力，再次对学生的知识掌握能力进行了解。） 二、讲解虚拟语气基本知识 Ⅰ什么是虚拟语气？ 虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义。虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。 Ⅱ虚拟语气在真实条件句非真实条件句中 真实条件句：表示现实或可能变为现实的条件。 非真实条件句：表示非现实的，或不可能，或不大可能变为现实的条件。 （老师举例说明真实条件句和非真实条件句。）
虚拟语气 一、考点聚焦 1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中 （1）表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be动词的过去式用were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。如：If I were a boy, I would join the army. If the had time, she should go with you. （2）表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。如： If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition. （3）表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/ could might + 动词原形。如； If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off. （4）当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如： If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在) Were I a boy, I would join the army. Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded. Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain. 2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句 （1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。 ①“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could(should) + have + 过去分词”。如： I wish it were spring all the year round. I wish I had known the answer. I wish I could fly like a bird. ②在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order等后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should + 动词原形或是动词原形。如： She suggested we (should)leave here at once. The doctor ordered she should be operated. （2）虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。
高中英语虚拟语气思维导图知识总表
Ⅰ 例句： 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况： 1．If I were you,I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你） 2．If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道） 3．If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 4．If I had any money with me,I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱） 2.表示与过去事实相反的情况 1. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了） 2．If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话）3、表示对将来情况的主观推测 1.If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.
如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小） 2．If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。（事实：不知能否下雪） 3．If she were to be here next Monday,I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 【典型例题】 1） If I had seen the movie, I ______________ you all about it now. A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told 2）If he _______ my advice, he wouldn't have lost his job. (2010年湖南卷) A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow 3）John went to the hospital alone. If he ______ me about it, I would have gone with him. (2010年天津卷) A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told 4） If we _______ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. (2010年陕西卷) A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken 5）—The weather has been very hot and dry. —Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables ______. (2010年北京卷) A. wouldn't die B. didn't die C. hadn't died D. wouldn't have died Ⅱ