SUB-CONTRACT AGREEMENT
KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS:
This SUBCONTRACT AGREEMENT, made and entered into this th day of October 2003, by and between:
CHINA INTERNATIONAL WATER AND ELECTRIC CORPORATION (CWE)–a company organized and existing under by virtue of the laws of the People’s Republic of China with Branch Office in the Philippines address at Suite 1106 Ermita Center Bldg., 1350 Roxas Blvd., Ermita, Manila and herein represented by the Project Manager, MR. XU QIAN, duly authorized for the purpose, hereinafter referred to as the“Contractor”.
- And -
ADV ANCED FOUNDATION CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS CORPORATION, a company duly registered and existing under the laws of the Republic of the Philippines with office address at Unit 12-B, Petron Megaplaza Building, 358 Sen. Gil Puyat Avenue, Makati City, represented by its President MR. EDDIE P. CANUTO, hereinafter referred to as the “Sub-Contractor”.
WITNESSETH
WHEREAS, the Contractor has been awarded by the Philippine government, through the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH), hereinafter referred to as the “Owner”, a contract known as the PINATUBO HAZARD URGENT MITIGATION PROJECT, PHASE II, Contract Package No. 7, RESTORATION OF MANCATIAN BRIDGE INCLUDING ACCESS ROAD ALONG THE ANGELES-PORAC ROAD, as embodied in a duly executed Contract Agreement, hereinafter referred to as the “Main Contract”, wherein NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD.in association with PHILKOEI INT’L. INC., is hereinafter referred to as the “Consultant”;
WHEREAS, the Sub-Contractor is a duly licensed construction firm and duly accredited by the Philippine Contractors Accreditation Board (PCAB) and duly recognized and registered with the Department of Public Works and Highways and authorized to undertake Foundation or Pilling work (classified as Large “B”), Road, Bridges (classified as Large “B”), therefore has the technical, financial, manpower and equipment capability to act as legitimate subcontractor;
WHEREAS, the Sub-Contractor is desirous to participate in the Project, as a sub-contractor, to execute, complete and maintain the bridge works herein agreed, under the direction and supervision of the Contractor and shall follow strictly the approved plans and specifications in accordance with the provisions stipulated in the Main Contract and this Agreement by engaging to supply competent manpower, complete equipment and sound financial resources needed in the subcontracting works;
WHEREAS, the Contractor, relying on the representation made by the Sub-Contractor, and an Offer and Acceptance made by one to the other, has agreed to award this SUBCONTRACT AGREEMENT to the Sub-Contractor under the terms and conditions hereinafter set forth; NOW, THEREFORE, for and in consideration of the foregoing premises and the covenants
herein stipulated the parties agreed to be bound as follows:
ARTICLE 1
SCOPE OF WORKS
1.1 The Contractor hereby authorized the Sub-Contractor to enter into and undertake to
complete the Bridge Works specified in Annex “A”: Bill of Quantity for the Sub-Contract (hereinafter referred as Sub-BOQ). The Sub-Contractor shall fully and faithfully furnish his construction plant, labor, supervision, equipment, materials and tools, to complete the Bridge Works listed in the Bill of Quantity in this SUBCONTRACT AGREEMENT in accordance with the plans and specifications issued by the “Owner”, the “Consultant”and the “Contractor”.
The Description and the specification of the pay item listed in the Sub-BOQ should conform with the Main Contract.
1.2 The Sub-Contractor warrants that he has fully satisfied himself as to the nature, terrain,
weather, conditions and locations whatsoever of the site of the work, any and all laws and regulations, codes and customs prevailing in the Government of Philippines and applied to the subcontract document as well as all other conditions and matters which may affect or be encountered in the performance of the work.
1.3 The Sub-Contractor shall not pledge, mortgage, sublet, transfer and/or dispose this
Sub-Contract and/or its contracted objectives, in whole or in part, without prior written consent of the Contractor. Any such consent shall not relieve the Sub-Contractor from any liability or obligation under this Agreement.
1.4 The Sub-Contractor shall submit all shop drawings, plans and documents, which are
required by the Main Contract and main Contractor, and should be approved by the Owner and the Consultant, and get confirmation and quality acceptance certificate for any individual and all works from the Owner and the Consultant, in name of the Contractor; and
To submit As-Built Plans (As-built drawings) and all required documents in accordance with the requirement of the Main Contract upon completion of the subcontracted works.
The Sub-Contractor should conduct any test within the scope of work and submit enough copies of the satisfying and qualified test report to main contractor which are to be forwarded to the Owner and the Consultant. Expenses for testing shall be borne by the Sub-Contractor. Such tests shall be in accordance with the standards of the ASTM or AASHTO or the specifications of the Main Contract.
1.5 The Sub-Contractor shall provide and do everything necessary to conform to its
obligations under the Sub-Contract Agreement to the true intent and meaning of the other Contract Document taken together, whether the same may or may not be shown or described particularly in the Drawings, Plans and Specifications, provided that the same shall be inferred therefrom. Should the Sub-Contractor find any discrepancy in the Drawings, Plans and Specifications, he shall immediately refer the same to the Contractor and the Owner whose decision shall be final and followed.
ARTICLE 2
MAIN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS SUPPLY
2.1 As for the Work Item 400(16), SPL400(23), 404, 405(1)b1，405(1)b2 and 406(1) in the
Sub-BOQ，Main Construction Materials such as Reinforcing Steel Bars, Ready-Mixed Concrete, PC Girders and Permanent Steel Casing Pipe will be supplied and delivered to the jobsite by the Contractor, and unloaded by the Sub-Contractor. The Sub-Contractor shall provide the Access Road to the unloading project site including the clearing of any obstructions, Platform, Storage and fabrication area.
The quantity of the supplied main construction materials mentioned in Item 2.1 shall conform with the quantity under the design of the Main Contract, likewise, the Sub-Contractor by means of his equipment and manpower shall complete all the work including but not limited to the Installation of Permanent Steel Casing Pipe, Drilling of vertical hole, fabrication & installation of Reinforcing Steel (Including rebar cages), Formworks, Scaffoldings, Pouring concrete, Installation of the PC Girders, etc. The quantity of Permanent Steel Casing Pipe, Reinforcing Steel Bars and Ready-Mixed Concrete supplied by the Contractor shall meet the Design. The wastage of which, during the construction, 2% of fabricating Reinforcing Steel Bars, 1% for ready-mixed concrete for civil works and 10% for bored piles (except the part within Permanent Steel Casing), are free of charge. However, the Sub-Contractor should be responsible for the safety of the materials in jobsite. Any loss and additional of materials supplied by the Contractor shall be charged to the Sub-Contractor.
2.2 Except the material supplied by the Contractor in Item 2.1, Article 2, any other materials
for the subcontracted works should be purchased, fabricated and installed by the Sub-Contractor at his own cost. The quality and quantity should follow the Specification of the Main Contract.
ARTICLE 3
SUB-CONTRACTED PRICE
3.1 For and in consideration of the true and faithful performance by the Sub-Contractor of the
Subcontracted Works required, the Contractor shall pay the Sub-Contractor based on the unit prices indicated in the Annex “A” Bill of Quantity for the Sub-Contract.
3.2 This Sub-Contract is a unit basis contract same as the Main Contract between the
Owner and the Contractor. The Quantities set out in the Sub-BOQ are merely the estimated quantities for the works, and they are not to be taken as actual and correct quantities of the Works to be executed by the Sub-Contractor in fulfillment of his obligations under the Sub-Contract Agreement. The payment shall be based on actual quantities of work performed or accomplished and computed at the unit prices indicated in Annex “A” as measured, verified and approved by the Contractor, the Consultant and the Owner.
3.3 It is expressly understood and agreed, the Unit Prices are in full satisfaction of all its costs
incurred by Sub-Contractor for supervision, survey, laboratory and field test, materials, equipment, labor and any other personnel it will employ, tools, mobilization/demobilization, temporary facilities and consumables necessary, but not limited, for the completion of the Subcontracted Works, including contingencies, overtime of extra shifting, project insurance, taxes of every kind including the V AT, withholding tax and nature that may be assessed against Sub-Contractor under this contract, all fees, charges, licenses, its administrative expenses and overhead, its profit and generally any and all other attendant fees.
3.4 The Sub-Contractor shall pay all taxes, insurances for his equipment, and/or withholding,
fees, and assessments that may be imposed by the national, provincial, city, municipal or barangay government for the performance of the Works.
3.5 The monthly-completed work quantity shall be based on the quantity being checked and
confirmed jointly by the Contractor, the Owner, the Consultant and the Sub-Contractor.
The monthly billing will be made in accordance with the format approved by the Owner ,the Consultant and the Main Contractor.
3.6 Lands or right-of-way for the work to be constructed under the Contract will be provided by
the Owner as shown in the Drawings and the Main Contract. Any additional spaces or working area required for construction operations shall be provided by the Sub-Contractor at his own expenses.
ARTICLE 4
ADDITIONAL WORKS / CHANGE ORDERS
4.1 The Contractor may, by written notice, make any variations of the Work by way of
alteration, addition or deletion and the Sub-Contractor shall comply with all such written notices.
4.2 In case of the Owner requires the Contractor and the Contractor agrees with the Owner
to undertake additional work(s) or change(s) in the originally agreed scope of work in the limited portion as per Annex “A”, either by way of change order, extra work order and/or supplemental agreement, the said additional work(s) or change(s) in the works shall be deemed as automatically forming part of the Subcontract Works to be done by the Sub-Contractor.
4.3 The same Sub-contracted Price provided in Annex “A”should be adopted for the
calculation of the payment of all works mentioned in Clause 4.2. In case of new pay item will be introduced, the unit price shall be determined by the Consultant and the Owner and subject to deduction of Forty five Percent (45%) as the Contractor’s Management Fee.
Any extra cost will be shared by the Contractor and the Sub-Contractor.
4.4 Provided, that any of the work items under this Contract may be deleted by the Owner if
found not necessary, upon recommendation of the DPWH, no change in the unit price as shown in the Annex “A” shall be made for any reason whatsoever.
ARTICLE 5
PRICE ESCALATION ADJUSTMENT, CLAIMS AND DAYWORK
5.1 The Sub-Contractor is not entitled to claim any price escalation and /or adjustment
because of the short duration of the Works. The unit price shall be fixed without any change within the period of this SUBCONTRACT AGREEMENT.
5.2 All the payment due to the Sub-Contractor under pay item "Daywork" is subject to 55%
Contractor’s management fee. (All the payment due to the Sub-Contractor under pay item "Daywork" will be deducted by 55% of the amount as Contractor’s management fee.)
5.3 Considering that the Sub-Contractor is satisfied with the natural and the field conditions,
the Sub-contractor waive any monetary claim for any reason except for time suspension/extension.
ARTICLE 6
MAIN CONTRACT AS PART OF SUB-CONTRACT
6.1 Any and all terms and conditions of the Tender Documents, Plans and Specifications and
Contract conditions, all other documents between the Owner and the Contractor in so far as they are pertinent, material and relevant hereto shall be deemed as forming part of the Sub-Contract Agreement.
6.2 In case of discrepancy between this Agreement and Main Contract, this Agreement will
govern.
ARTICLE 7
TERM OF PAYMENT
7.1 All Payment to the Sub-Contractor shall be in the Local Currency of Philippine Peso. 7.2 The Sub-Contractor shall submit its Monthly Progress Billing to the Contractor within 7
days after the end of each month, with all duly supporting documents required by the Owner and the Consultant Engineer. The Contractor shall pay the progress payment to the Sub-Contractor through Monthly Progress Billing based on actual Accomplishment accepted by the Consultant, the Owner and the Contractor with the following TERMS OF PAYMENT SCHEDULE;
A) Forty percent (40%) of the total progress payment shall be paid to the Sub-Contractor
within fourteen (14) working days after confirmation of the Billing by the Contractor.
B) Sixty percent (60%) of the total progress payment shall be paid to the Sub-Contractor
upon approval of contractor’s progress billing by the Consultant and the Owner.
C) All the above payments are subject to the Ten percent (10%) retention and other due
deduction. Such retention shall be based on the total amount due to the Sub-contractor prior to any deduction and shall be retained from every monthly payment.
D) Such Retention shall only be released after six (6) months from the completion of the
bridge. The subcontractor, upon completion of bridge project shall issue and submit a surety bond to be valid and acceptable by the contractor and should be co-terminus with the final acceptance of bridge project by the owner.
7.3Upon written request of the Sub-Contractor after signing of this Agreement and
submission by the Sub-Contractor acceptable to the Contractor of a Guarantee bond which covers the total amount of advance payment callable in demand in favor of the Contractor, the Contractor will release an advanced payment in an amount equivalent to ten (10%) percent of the Contract Price.
The Advance Payment shall be repaid by the Sub-Contractor within three progress billings by deducting the total amount of the advance payment multiplied by percentage of accomplishment as per progress billing.
7.4 For the purpose of payment, the Sub-Contractor shall submit an affidavit or sworn
statement stating that the Sub-Contractor has fully paid the salaries/wages (Including SSS) of its employees/labors, equipment rentals and the cost of construction materials supplied to and used in connection with the project.
7.5 According to the BIR code, the two percent (2%) of the contract amount shall be deducted
as W/H corporate Tax from any or each payment.
ARTICLE 8
OBLIGATIONS
8.1 The Sub-Contractor shall perform the work with full responsibility in conformity with the
Sub-Contract,execute and complete the Works within the Construction Period as stipulated in Article 12, Clause 12.1, clean up the site of the Works and deliver the completed Works to the Contractor after approval of the Owner, Consultant and the Contractor.
8.2 The Sub-Contractor shall appoint and keep a Project Manager in field who shall have full
experience and authority to act on behalf of the Sub-Contractor, to Supervise and administer the execution of the Work s.
8.3 If the Sub-Contractor commits any breaches of the Sub-Contract, he shall indemnify the
Contractor against any damages for which the Contractor becomes liable under the Main Contract as a result of such breaches. In such event, the Contractor may without prejudice to any other method of recovery, deduct such damages from monies payable to Sub-Contractor.
8.4 The Contractor shall extend to the Sub-Contractor full and unrestricted assistance to
ensure that the Sub-Contractor shall not suffer any unreasonable delay.
8.5 Notwithstanding the Clause 10.3 of this Sub-contract Agreement, the Sub-Contractor
shall be responsible for all compensation in relation to injury or death to any person and loss and / or damage to any property in excess of the amounts covered by the insurance policies during the execution of the Works and shall indemnify the Contractor against all claims, demands, cost and charges whatsoever in respect of any such death, injury, loss or damages.
8.6 The Sub-Contractor shall undertake survey work, operation of site laboratory and Quality
Control required for the execution of the Works. the main Contractor, the Consultant and the Owner will supervise such work.
8.7 All equipment mobilized to the job site in accordance with the SUBCONTRACT
AGREEMENT shall not be allowed to move-out the job site without approval of the Contractor before the completion of the Subcontracted Works. The key staff being mobilized by the Sub-Contractor to perform the works shall be full time at the job site and the Contractor reserve the right to require the Sub-Contractor to change any disqualified employee.
8.8 The Sub-Contractor shall submit his Safety Control System prior to commencement of
the works, and shall take responsibility for the safety during construction period including all of his employees and equipment as well as local people and third party.
8.9 The Sub-Contractor shall secure the insurance for his equipment. Otherwise, the risk will
be borne by the Sub-Contractor himself.
ARTICLE 9
SUB-CONTRACTOR'S WORK SCHEDULE
9.1 Sub-contractor shall prepare, according to Main Contract as well as the instruction of the
Owner, work schedule, bar chart and PERT-CPM, attached as Annex "B".
9.2 In case of during the construction period, the Sub-Contractor executes this Sub-Contract
with negative slippage exceed fifteen percent (15%) as per the Annex "B", the Contractor shall have the right and privilege to take over the partial or whole remaining Works not done by the Sub-Contractor from the scope mentioned in Annex "A". The Contractor has the right to use the Sub-Contractor's equipment to continue and finish the Works.
Negative slippage exceed ten percent (10%), the Contractor shall issue an Alarm warning to the Sub-Contractor in order to cope up with the delay. If the Sub-contractor could not take effective action to catch up the negative slippage within 15 working days, the main Contractor reserve the right to take over the Subcontracted works.
ARTICLE 10
PERFORMANCE SECURITY AND INSURANCE
10.1 The Sub-Contractor shall submit a Performance Security in the form of guarantee bond
through the PREMIER INSURANCE & SURETY CORPORATION acceptable to the Contractor in an amount equivalent to thirty percent (30%) of the Sub-Contract amount.
The failure of the Sub-Contractor to provide an acceptable Performance Security shall release or clear the Contractor from every obligation to make any payment to the Sub-Contractor.
10.2 Such Performance Security shall be submitted by the Sub-Contractor before signing
this Agreement in a form provided by the Contractor and should cover the period from issuing date to sixty (60) days after the date of issuance of the Defect Liability Certificate by the Owner to the Contractor.
10.3 The Sub-Contractor shall provide Contractor's All Risk Insurance (CARI) covering the
Subcontracted works at his own cost. The Sub-Contractor shall be responsible for any other insurance such as the third party, workman's compensation, insurance on his plant and other temporary facilities etc.
ARTICLE 11
WITHHOLDING OF PAYMENT
11.1 The Contractor shall have the right to withhold any payment in case of any claim against
the Sub-Contractor for labor, services, supplies and/or materials, and in case of non-compliance of defective or irregular compliance with any of the Sub-Contractor's obligation under the Subcontract.
ARTICLE 12
PERIOD OF COMPLETION AND LIQUIDATED DAMAGES
12.1 Time is of the essence of the Sub-Contract. The Construction Period for the Works is
seven (7) months (210 calendar days) upon receipt of Notice to Proceed (NTP).
12.2 The Contract Period under this Agreement shall be fixed and will not be extended except
for any special events or circumstances occurred in the Sub-Contracted Portion
warranting extension as approved by the Owner and the Contractor.
12.3 The Sub-Contractor shall not be relieved from his obligation under this Agreement until
the Contractor receives the Defect Liability Certificate from the Consultant and the Owner under Main Contract.
12.4 Should the Sub-Contractor fail to complete the Works within the time prescribed in
clause 12.1 including any time extension that may be allowed, the Sub-Contractor shall pay the Contractor by way of liquidated damages for every calendar day at the rate five tenth of one percent (0.5%) of the Sub-Contract Amount as embodied in Annex "A" until the Works are satisfactorily completed. The Liquidated Damages is subject to the Maximum of fifteen percent (15%) of the Sub-Contract Amount.
ARTICLE 13
RESCISSION, CANCELLATION AND TERMINATION OF SUB-CONTRACT 13.1 The Contractor shall have the right to rescind, cancel or terminate this Sub-contract
Agreement without incurring any liability to the Sub-Contractor,its bondsmen, employees, suppliers or third parties, except for payment of the value of works duly accomplished, upon giving written notice to the Sub-Contractor due to any of the following grounds:
a) The Sub-Contractor incurs a negative slippage of more than fifteen percent (15%)
due to cause/s attributable to its fault or negligence;
b) The Sub-Contractor suspends in carrying out the Works for more than 7 days without
reasonable cause.
c) Refusal and/or failure of the Sub-Contractor without just, valid or lawful cause to
comply with the order of the Owner and the Contractor concerning the proper execution of the Works;
d) Abandonment by the Sub-Contractor of the Works or failure to deliver to the work
site the needed construction equipment, materials or personnel;
e) Breach by the Sub-Contractor of any of the representations and warranties made or
violation of the terms of this Sub-Contract that will jeopardize the Works.
f) In case the Main Contract between the Owner and the Contractor is terminated.
g) The Consultant and/or the Owner are/is dissatisfied with the Sub-Contractor and
request the Contractor to remove the Sub-Contractor.
13.2 The Sub-Contractor shall likewise have the right to terminate and/or rescind this Sub-
contract Agreement by giving written notice to the Contractor upon any of the following grounds:
a) Failure and/or refusal of the Contractor to pay the Sub-Contractor the value of its
work actually accomplished as verified and certified by the Contractor within Fourteen (28) working days beyond the date as provided in Clause 7.2 of this agreement.
b) Violation of the Contractor of any terms and conditions of this Sub-contract
Agreement;
c) Unreasonable interference by the Contractor on the manner of implementation of the
works by the Sub-Contractor.
ARTICLE 14
SUB-CONTRACT’S REPRESENT ATION AND WARRANTIES
14.1 The Sub-Contractor represents and warrants that it is an independent contractor and as
such is the employer of all the personnel it will bring to the work site in accordance with the provisions of the Labor Code and other related laws of the Republic of the Philippines.
Likewise, the Sub-Contractor is solely responsible for any injuries inflicted to any person or damage occasioned to any property during and in connection with the execution of the Sub-Contractor from any and all claims whatsoever that may be brought by the Sub-Contractor's personnel against the Sub-Contractor by reason of or in connection with this Agreement.
14.2 The Sub-Contractor warrants that it will not use the Contractor's name in procuring
spare parts, construction materials, fuel, and loading equipment with any third party without the written consent of the Contractor.
14.3 The Sub-Contractor shall warrant the Works against poor workmanship during the
construction period up to and including the Maintenance/Warranty Period which is defined as the period of one (1) year from the date of completion of the Works. Any defect and/or damage due to poor workmanship of the Works during the maintenance/Warranty Period shall be repaired and/or rectified by the Sub-Contractor without any cost to the Contractor.
14.4 The Sub-Contractor shall comply with, and strictly observe, all laws regarding
workmen's health and safety, workmen's welfare, compensation for injuries, minimum wages, hours of labor and other labor laws.
ARTICLE 15
MAINTENANCE RECORDS AND REPORTS
15.1 The Sub-Contractor shall keep a Daily Job Record and other necessary data in a form
approved by the Contractor.
Also a weekly progress report together with relevant data on a format approved by the Contractor should be submitted by the Sub-Contractor.
The Sub-Contractor shall prepare a "Monthly Progress Report" covering the period ending on the 25th day of each month and submit to the Contractor not later the 30th day of each month.
15.2 The Sub-Contractor shall furnish the Contractor any kind of supporting documents,
such as certificate and policy concerning the works, as may be required by the Contractor.
ARTICLE 16
SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES AND VENUE OF ACTION
16.1 Both parties shall cooperate with each other to avoid any disputes. In the event any dispute
occurs, both parties shall do their best to resolve the issues amicably.
16.2 If any dispute arises at anytime between Contractor and Sub-Contractor as to any
matter in connection with or incident to this Sub-Contract, then either party shall give notice to the other in writing of such dispute. If after the lapse of Fourteen (21) days after delivery of such notice, the dispute is not settled by mutual agreement, said dispute at the instance of either party or both shall be settled by Arbitration in the Construction Industry Arbitration Commission (CIAC).
16.3 In the event suit arising from this Sub-Contract Agreement, the parties hereto agree that
the venue of the action shall in the courts of proper jurisdiction of Manila, Philippines.
ARTICLE 17
COMMENCEMENT, ENTIRETY AND EFFECTIVITY OF THIS AGREEMENT
17.1 The Works shall be commenced within seven days after the receipt by the
Sub-Contractor of a Notice to Proceed from the Contractor.
17.2 This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement and understanding between the parties
with regard to the Works as embodied in Annex "A" hereof. No oral commitment and/or other written agreements or understanding prior hereto shall bind either party.
17.3 This Sub-Contract Agreement shall become valid and binding between the parties upon
Signature of both party Representatives and acceptance of performance bond by main contractor. The effectivity of this Sub-Contract Agreement will be subject to the signing of the Main Contract between the Owner and the Contractor.
ARTICLE 18
CONFIDENTIAL OBLIGATION
18.1 The Sub-Contractor shall keep confidential obligation and shall not disclose or transfer
any confidential data, drawings, documents, and other information supplied by the Contractor under this Agreement, which shall be clearly marked to any third party.
ARTICLE 19
ANNEXES
19.1 The following will form part of this Sub-Contract Agreement:
Annex A: Bill of Quantity for the Sub-contract Works
Annex B: Construction Schedule, Bar Chart with S-curve, PERT-CPM and Construction Methods duly submitted by Sub-Contractor and approved by the Contractor
Annex C: Conditions of Contract, Specifications, Contract Drawings of the Main Contract and the Contract between the Owner and the Contractor
Annex D: Approved Shop Drawings
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties agree to set their hands this th day of October 2003, in Ermita, Manila, Philippines.
CHINA INTERNATIONAL W ATER & ELECTRIC CORPORATION ADV ANCED FOUNDATION CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS CORPORATION
CONTRACTOR SUB-CONTRACTOR By: By:
. XU QIAN . Authorized Representative EDDIE P. CANUTO . Authorized Representative
Witnesses: Witnesses:
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES}
{ } S.S
BEFORE ME, a Notary Public for and in __________________________________ Personally appeared:
Name: CTC No./Passport No.: Issued at / on:
XU QIAN P. 2692476 MFA, Beijing, China, August 8, 1995 EDDIE P. CANUTO
Known to me and to me known as the same persons who executed the foregoing Sub-Contract Agreement and acknowledge to me that the same is their free and voluntary act and deed and that of the entity represented. This instrument refers to the object and purposes therein mentioned.
WITNESS MY HAND AND SEAL on the date and the place first above written.
NOTARY PUBLIC Doc. No.
Page No.
Book No.
Series of 2003
感觉器官练习题 一、单选题 1．下列哪项不属于感觉器官的是( ) A．耳 B．鼻 C．神经D．皮肤 E．以上均错 2．视器包括( ) A．眼球壁和附属结构 B．眼球壁和屈光装臵 C．眼球及其附属结构 D．眼球及其屈光装臵 E．眼球及其眼睑 3．眼球（） A．壁仅由巩膜、脉络膜、视网膜构成 B．折光系统包括角膜、房水、晶状体和玻璃体 C．视神经盘是感光最敏锐的部位 D．房水由虹膜分泌形成 E．角膜中央一圆孔称瞳孔 4．巩膜（） A．乳白色，厚而坚韧，是硬脑膜的延伸结构 B．前方与晶状体相连C．占纤维膜的前1/6 D．有屈光作用 E．以上均错 5．瞳孔大小（） A．随眼压高低而变化 B．随光线强弱而变化 C．由睫状体收缩来调节D．与三叉神经眼神经的作用有关E．随晶状体突度变化而变化 7．眼前房是指（） A．角膜与玻璃体之间腔隙 B．角膜与虹膜之间腔隙 C．虹膜与晶状体之 间腔隙 D．虹膜与玻璃体之间腔隙 E．角膜与晶状体之间腔隙 8．黄斑（） A．位于视神经乳头（盘）外侧约3-4mm 处 B．感光作用强，但无辨色能力C．中央有中央凹，该处对光不敏感D．视网膜节细胞轴突由此向后穿出眼 球壁 E．此处无感光细胞，称为生理性盲点 9．上直肌收缩时，瞳孔转向（）A．上内方 B．下内方 C．上外方 D．下外方 E．外侧 10．上斜肌可使（） A．瞳孔转向上外方 B．瞳孔转向下外方 C．瞳孔转向上方D．瞳孔转向外侧 E．瞳孔 转向下方 11．眼球的折光装臵为（） A．晶状体 B．角膜、晶 状体 C．角膜、房水、晶状 体 D．角膜、房水、晶状体、玻璃体 E．角 膜、房水、晶状体、玻璃体、视网膜 12．泪道包括（） A．鼻泪管、泪小管 B．泪小管、 泪囊 C．泪小管、泪囊、鼻泪管 D．泪点、泪小管、泪囊、鼻泪管 E．泪腺、结膜囊、泪小管、泪囊、鼻 泪管 13．视网膜中央动脉来源于（） A．颈内动脉B．颈外动脉 C．椎动脉 D．脑膜中动脉 E．面 动脉 17. 属于生理性盲点的是 A、脉络膜 B、角膜 C、虹膜 D、视轴 E、视网膜中央凹 14. 眼前房与后房的分界是（） A．睫状体 B．虹膜 C．脉 络从 D．晶状体 E．玻璃体 15．关于中耳鼓室壁的描述中，何者是错误的（） A．上壁为鼓室盖，分隔鼓室与颅中 窝 B．内壁为乳突窦壁 C．下壁为颈静脉壁，将鼓室与颅内 静脉起始部隔开 D．外侧壁为鼓膜 E．前壁为颈动脉壁，此壁上部有咽 鼓管鼓口 16. 位于鼓室内的结构是（） A．球囊 B．面神经 C．听 小骨 D．螺旋器（Corti器） E．半规管 17．耳蜗( ) A．由软骨构成B．由蜗管围绕蜗轴约两周半形成的 C．仅分为前庭阶和鼓阶两部分D．前庭阶和鼓阶充满内淋巴 E．以上均不对 18．不属于位觉感受器的是（） A．椭圆囊斑 B．球囊斑 C．壶 腹嵴 D．螺旋器 E．以上均不对 19．前庭阶和鼓阶借何结构相通 （） A．蜗孔 B．蜗管 C．蜗 窗 D．前庭窗 E．联合管 20．将声波的振动传人内耳的是 （） A．听小骨 B．前庭 C．耳
感觉系统检查－－浅感觉 1.痛觉：用大头针的针尖轻刺被检者皮肤以检查痛觉，左右远近对比并记录感觉障碍类型(过敏、减退或消失)与范围。 2.触觉：用棉签或软纸片轻触被检者的皮肤或粘膜。 3.温度觉：用盛有热水(40 ℃～50 ℃)或冷水(5～10 ℃)的试管接触皮肤，辨别冷热感觉。深感觉 1、运动觉：被检者闭目，检查者轻轻夹住被检者的手指或足趾两侧，上下移动5°左右，令被检者说出“向上”或“向下”。如感觉不明显可加大活动幅度或测试较大的关节。 2、位置觉：被检者闭目，检查者将其肢体摆成某一姿势，请患者描述该姿势或用对侧肢体模仿。 3、振动觉：用振动着的音叉柄置于骨隆起处(如内、外踝，手指、桡尺骨茎突、胫骨、膝盖等)，询问有无振动感觉和持续时间，并两侧对比。 .腹壁反射(abdominal reflex)：被检者仰卧，下肢稍屈曲，使腹壁松弛，然后用钝头竹签分别沿肋弓下缘(T7～8)、脐孔水平(T9 ～10)及腹股沟上(T11 ～12)的平行方向，由外向内轻划腹壁皮肤。正常反应是该侧腹肌收缩，脐孔向刺激部分偏移。 .提睾反射(cremasteric reflex)反射中心L1 ～2。 与检查腹壁反射相同，竹签由下而上轻划大腿上部内侧皮肤，反应为该侧提睾肌收缩使睾丸上提。 跖反射(plantar reflex) ：反射中心S1～2。被检者仰卧、下肢伸直，医生手持被检者踝部。用钝头竹签划足底外侧，由足根向前至小趾根部足掌时转向内侧，正常反应为足趾跖屈（即Babinski征阴性)。 肛门反射：反射中心S4～5。用竹签轻划肛门周围皮肤，可引起肛门外括约肌收缩。 膝反射(k nee reflex)（L2～4) 坐位检查时，患者小腿完全松弛下垂，与大腿成直角，卧位检查则患者仰卧，检查者以左手托起其膝关节使之屈曲约120°，用右手持叩诊锤叩击膝盖髌骨下方股四头肌腱，可引起小腿伸展。 踝反射(ankle reflex) （S1～2） 又称跟腱反射。患者仰卧，屈膝约90°，检查者左手将其足部背屈成直角，以叩诊锤叩击跟腱，反应为腓肠肌收缩，足跖屈；或俯卧位，屈膝90°，检查者用左手按足跖，再扣击跟腱；或患者跪于床边，足悬于床外，扣击跟腱。 .Babinski巴宾斯基征取位与检查跖反射一样，用竹签沿患者足底外侧缘，由后向前至小趾跟部并转向内侧，阳性反应为踇趾背屈，其余各趾呈扇形展开。
感觉器：感受器：机体接受内、外环境各种刺激的结构。 副器：辅助装置 功能：感受器（接受刺激）神经冲动感觉神经→中枢→大脑皮质（产生相应的感觉） 视器：眼球角膜（无色透明）角膜和巩膜之间有巩膜静脉窦 纤维膜巩膜（白色） 眼球壁血管膜：虹膜，睫状体，脉络膜含大量血管和色素细胞 视网膜 房水 眼球内容物晶状体眼的屈光系统或屈光装置 玻璃体 角膜：占眼球纤维膜的前1/6，无色透明，曲度较大，有屈光作用，无血管（移植纤维膜不需配型），感觉神经末梢丰富，感觉极为敏锐。 巩膜：占纤维膜的前5/6，白色不透明，厚而坚韧，保护眼球内容物，后方有视神经穿出，并与视神经的鞘膜相延续。 巩膜与角膜相接处深面有一环形的巩膜静脉窦，是房水回流的通道。 虹膜：血管膜的最前部，呈圆盘状，中央为瞳孔。颜色与所含色素细胞多少有关，有明显种族差异。（黄色人色素较多，呈棕色） 瞳孔括约肌（环形）→副交感神经支配→缩瞳 瞳孔开大肌（放射状）→交感神经支配→扩瞳 血管膜睫状体：巩膜与角膜移行部的内侧，虹膜后外方的环形增厚部分。 后部：平坦光滑，称睫状环 前部：有许多向内突出的皱襞，称睫状窦。借睫状小带与晶状体相连 睫状体（内有睫状肌）→受副交感神经支配→产生房水，调节晶状体脉络膜：占眼球血管膜的后2/3，前端连于睫状体，后方有视神经通过。富有血管（营养作用）、色素细胞（暗室作用） 虹膜部 盲部睫状体部最内层：神经节细胞 视网膜内层：神经细胞层中层：传递神经冲动的双核细胞 视部外层：接受光刺激的感光细胞（视杆细胞、视锥细胞） “日锥夜杆” 外层：色素上皮层，紧贴脉络膜。 神经节细胞的轴突在视网膜后部集结成束，并形成圆盘状的隆起，称视神经盘（视神经乳头），之后穿过脉络膜和巩膜构成视神经。视神经盘在活体上呈淡红色，正常时边缘清楚，有视网膜中央血管出入眼球，无感光作用，故又称生理盲点。在视神经盘的颞侧约0.35cm处，有一黄色小区，称黄斑。其中央凹陷称中央凹，是感觉最敏锐的地方。 视网膜内、外两层之间连接疏松，在病理情况下两层分离，形成视网膜脱落。 房水：睫状体产生房水→后房→瞳孔→虹膜角膜角隙→巩膜静脉窦→眼静脉 眼球房：眼球内角膜和晶状体之间的空隙，被虹膜分为眼球前房和眼球后房，两房借瞳孔相通。 虹膜与角膜交界处的环形间隙称虹膜角膜角，又称前房角。其前外侧壁是由小梁构成的栅状壁，栅的空隙称虹膜角膜角隙，房水经此隙渗入静脉窦，是房水回流的通道。 房水：屈光作用。营养角膜和晶状体，维持眼内压。若房水产生过多或回流受阻，可造成眼内压增高，压迫视网膜，影响视力，临床上称青光眼。
感觉系统 一.感觉分类 1.浅感觉 一般感觉 2.深感觉 3.复合感觉:又称为皮质感觉,指大脑顶叶皮质对深浅感觉的分析,比较整 合而形成的实体觉,图形觉,两点辨别觉和定位觉和重量觉等特殊感觉: 视觉, 听觉味觉嗅觉 二.解剖生理 (一)感觉通路 痛温觉通路 皮肤、粘膜痛温感受器→脊N→脊N节●→脊髓上升1～2节段→后角●→前联合交叉→脊髓丘脑侧束→丘脑后腹外侧核●→丘脑皮质束→→内囊后肢后1/3→大脑中央后回上2/3、顶叶 精细触觉通路 皮肤、粘膜触感受器→脊N→脊N节●→ ①大部分→脊髓后索→延髓薄束核楔束核●→交叉→内侧丘系 ②小部分→脊髓内上升1～2节段→后角●→前联合交叉→脊髓丘脑前束 ①②→丘脑腹后外侧核●→丘脑皮质束→内囊后肢→大脑中央后回 躯体深感觉通路 本体感受器→脊N→脊N节●→脊髓后索→延髓薄束核楔束核●→交叉 →内侧丘系→丘脑腹后外侧核●→丘脑皮质束→内囊后肢→大脑中央后回 (二)节段性感觉支配 上肢：(外→内) C5、6、7→8、T1、2； 下肢：(前→后) L1～3、L4～5→S1～2； 躯干：腋窝T2～3；乳头T4；剑突T6；肋弓T8；脐T10； 腹股沟T12～L1；鞍区：S3、4、5； (三)髓内示意图
三.损害表现及定位 (一)感觉障碍的分类▲▲▲▲ 感觉过敏:轻微刺激引起强烈感觉 感觉倒错:非疼痛性刺激引发疼痛 感觉过度:感觉刺激阀↑，不立即产生疼痛(潜伏期) ，达到阀值时 可产生一种定位不明确的强烈不适感、持续一段时间才 消失(后作用) 。见于丘脑、周围N损害。 定义:无外界刺激情况下出现异常自发性感觉 麻木感 刺激性症状肿胀感 感觉异常分类痒感 蚁走感 针刺感 电击感 局部性疼痛 放射性疼痛:由局部扩展到受累感觉N支配区 疼痛扩散性疼痛:由一个N分支与扩散到另一分支 牵涉性疼痛:内脏疼痛扩散到相应体表节段 感觉减退 分离性感觉障碍:同一部位痛温觉缺失触觉及深感抑制症状感觉缺失保存 完全性感觉障碍同一部位各种感觉均缺失 (二)感觉障碍定位▲▲▲ 单一周围神经型(神经干型): 受损害的某一神经干分布区,各种感觉均消失. 末梢型: 表现为四肢对称型的末端各种感觉障碍,呈手套,袜套分布,远端重于近端见于多发性神经病等 后根型:感觉分布障碍范围和神经根的分布一致,为节段性感觉障碍,伴有剧烈疼痛.如椎间盘脱出,髓外肿瘤等 脊髓型传导型: 1)横贯性: 病变平面以下所有感觉均缺失或减弱 2)半切型: 病变损伤平面以下深感经障碍和上运动N元瘫痪和对侧损 伤平面以下痛觉缺失,为Brown—Sequard征见于髓外占位病变,外 伤等 3)前联合和后角型:前联合病变时,受损部位出现双侧对称性节段性感 觉分离,即痛温觉消失而触觉存在.后角损害表现为损伤侧节段性感 觉解离. 见于髓鞘空洞症,脊髓内肿瘤等 脑干型: 交叉型.同侧面部和对侧半身感觉障碍 丘脑型：对侧偏身型完全性感觉缺失或减退、丘脑痛(患侧肢体自发痛)见于脑血管病内囊型:对侧偏身感觉缺失或减退,常伴有偏瘫和偏盲,称为三偏综合征,见于脑血管病皮质型:顶叶皮质损害,可出现病灶对侧的复合感觉障碍,而痛温觉较轻.部分区域损害时,则出现对侧单肢的感觉障碍,如为刺激病灶,则出现局限性感觉性癫痫.
神经系统功能（三〉NS的感觉分析功能 掌握内容： 特异和非特异性投射系统的功能和特点，大脑皮质的体感投射区和特点，痛觉产生机制（致痛物质和相关机制）和外周传入神经，皮肤痛和内脏痛特点，牵涉痛及其产生原理，以及其临床意义。 熟悉内容 躯体感觉传入上行通路及特点，丘脑核团分类、体腔壁痛、内脏感觉投射区域。 了解内容：本体、触压和温度感觉 （-）名称解释 感觉、感受器、感觉器官、特异性和非特异性感觉传导系统.痛觉与伤害感受、牵涉痛 列表比较 特异性和非特异性感觉传导系统的异、同点 （起源、中继核、上行传导路径、换神经元次数、投射特点、功能） （二）选择题 【Ai型题】 1.在骨骼肌标本浸液中加入筒箭毒碱后，刺激支配该肌的运动神经纤维，肌细胞终板电位的变化是 A.去极化加大 B.维持原水平 C.去极化减小 D.暴 发动作电位 E.发生超极化 2.含去甲肾上腺素的神经元胞体主要集屮的部位是 A.脊髓前角 B.低位脑干C?中脑黑质D.纹状体E.大脑皮层 3.下列神经递质中，未见于周围神经系统中的是 A.多巴胺 B.肾上腺素 C.腺昔 D. ATP E. 5-症色胺 4.下列神经纤维中，属于肾上腺素能纤维的是 A.支配肾上腺髓质的神经 B.骨骼肌交感舒血管神经 C.交感缩血管神经 D.骨骼肌运动神经 E.支配多数小汗腺的神经 5.激活后通过升高效应细胞内IP3和DG浓度而产生生物效应的受体是 A.山受体 B.血受体 C.卩|受体 D.卩2受体 E.卩3受体 6.由a受体介导的生理效应是
A.传入侧支负反馈抑制自身胞体 C.通过交互性突触而形成交互抑制 E.意义在于协调不同屮枢的活动下列关于冋返性抑制的描述，正确的是A.经自身受体抑制递质释放而实现 C.细胞内共存兴奋性和抑制性递质 E.能使兴奋神经元周边的神经元抑制产生突触前抑制的机制是 A.突触前膜阈电位水平抬高 B.传入纤维主干与侧支释放不同递质D.通过抑制一兴奋性中间神经元实现 B.通过串联性突触而起抑制作用 D.能使同一中枢神经元同步活动 B.突触前末梢递质释放减少 D.糖酵解加强 E.脂肪分解加强 去甲肾上腺素与a受体结合后引起舒张效应的平滑肌是 A.血管平滑肌 B.子宫平滑肌 C.虹膜辐射状肌 D.胃肠括约肌 E.小肠平滑肌 由卩受体介导的生理效应是 A.骨骼肌血管收缩 B.胃肠括约肌收缩 C.膀胱逼尿肌收缩 D.竖毛肌收缩 E.糖酵解加强 去甲肾上腺素与卩受体结合后引起收缩或收缩加强的肌组织是 A.心房肌 B.子宫平滑肌 C.小肠平滑肌 D.血管平滑肌 E.支气管平滑肌 卩3受体被激活后的生理效应是 A.睫状体肌舒张 B.心肌收缩力增强 C.肾球旁细胞分泌肾素 D.肝糖原分解 E.脂肪分解 下列关于非条件反射的描述，正确的是 A.是学习的简单形式 B.多属单突触反射 C.形式较为固定 D.可建立，可消退 E.大脑皮层参与其形成 下列生理活动中，属于条件反射的是 A.喝呛水而咳嗽 B.风沙入眼而流泪 C.入赛场而心跳加快 D.脚踩图钉而抬腿 E.食物入口而唾液分泌 下列关于条件反射的叙述，错误的是 A.数量无限 B.形成的基本条件是强化 C.使机体具有更大的适应性 D. 一旦建立就会终身保留 E.是经过后天学习训练形成的 在反射活动中，最易发生疲劳的部位是 A.感受器 B.传入神经 C.反射中枢 D.传出神经 E.效应器关于中枢兴奋传播的特征，正确的描述是 A.双向传布 B.对内环境变化敏感 C.不衰减传递 D.兴奋节律不变 E.不易疲劳 突触后抑制的产生机制是 A.进入突触前末梢Ca"量减少 B.突触前末梢递质释放量减少 C.抑制一兴奋性中间神经元 D.兴奋一抑制性中间神经元 E.突触后膜去极化程度减小 下列关于传入侧支性抑制的描述，正确的是 A.瞳孔扩大 B.心率加快 C.支气管扩张
人体解剖学——感觉系统名词解释 1. 感受器 2. 眼轴 3. 巩膜静脉窦 4. 虹膜角膜角 5. 盲点 6. 黄斑 7. 眼房 8. 结膜穹窿 9. 光锥 10. 第二鼓膜 11. 螺旋器 12. 壶腹嵴 选择题 A型题 1．眼球壁 A. 由角膜、脉络膜和视网膜构成 B．由外膜、脉络膜和内膜构成 C．由纤维膜、血管膜和视网膜构成 D．由巩膜、脉络膜和内膜构成
E．以上都不对 2．下列结构中由致密结缔组织构成的是A．视网膜 B．巩膜 C．脉络膜 D．睫状体 E．以上都不是 3．下列说法错误的是 A．角膜神经末梢丰富 B．脉络膜血管丰富 C．巩膜不含血管，故呈乳白色 D．角膜不含血管 E．虹膜内含平滑肌 4．虹膜 A．位居眼球血管膜的中部 B．可以调节晶状体的曲度 C．依赖房水获得营养 D．分隔眼的前房和后房 E．以上都不对 5．关于瞳孔大小的描述正确的是
A．随眼压的高低而变化 B．随光线的强弱而变化 C．取决于睫状肌的舒缩状况 D．取决于房水循环的通畅与否 E．以上都不正确 6．眼球壁的中膜中最肥厚的部分是 A．虹膜 B．睫状体 C．脉络膜前部 D．脉络膜后部 E．以上都不是 7．视网膜 A. 仅贴于脉络膜内面 B．由视锥和视杆细胞、双极细胞和节细胞三层构成C．全层均有感光功能 D．紧邻眼球壁内腔的是视锥、视杆细胞层 E．以上都不对 8．视神经乳头 A．为调节视力的重要结构 B．为视锥和视杆细胞集中之处 C．为视网膜节细胞的轴突集中之处
D．为感光最敏感的部位 E．以上都不对 9．视神经盘 A．位于黄斑的内上方 B．位于黄斑的内下方 C．位于黄斑的外上方 D．位于黄斑的外下方 E．以上都不对 10．有关视神经乳头的描述错误的是 A．位于视网膜后部的偏内侧 B．无辨色能力 C．位于黄斑的鼻侧 D．中央凹陷处称中央凹 E．视网膜中央动、静脉由此出入 11．关于黄斑的描述正确的是 A. 位于视神经乳头鼻侧3.5 mm 处 B．中央由视网膜中央动脉穿出 C．感光作用强，但无辨色能力 D．视网膜节细胞的轴突由此向后穿出眼球壁E．以上都不正确
学习发展的五大阶段 第一阶段：感觉通路的建立 具备接受外界刺激的能力，是孩子学习的大前提。这种能力虽然有赖于视觉、听觉、触觉、前庭平衡觉、动觉、嗅觉及味觉等感觉系统的正常运作，但光靠这些仍然不够。因为要传送刺激到大脑，促使脑部发展的感觉神经通路若不正常，个体仍然无法正确了解外界的事物。例如，视力正常而视觉神经通路有问题的孩子，虽能看到外界的事物，却无法将所看到的事物正确的传送到脑部。所以有些孩子会把“9”看成“6”或“P”，把“朋友”看成“友朋”等。再者，感觉神经通路应具有选择刺激的能力，也就是有过滤或扩大刺激的能力。例如：在嘈杂的教室里，能专心听老师的讲课，在安静的夜晚，能听到家人蹑手蹑脚回家的脚步声。 第二阶段：感觉动作的发展 婴儿刚出生时，手脚只是无意义地乱动，尚无法取物或移动身体。直到3、4个月后，神经反射动作出现，肌肉张力逐渐形成，才慢慢具有自主活动的能力。约6个月后，待神经反射动作成熟，婴儿的手脚就能做有意识的活动，例如：看到玩具会用手去抓等。另一方面，抗拒地心引力的能力也逐渐增强，能由爬至坐，最后由站而走。平衡感、
韵律感亦逐渐形成，可随着音乐舞动身体，做一些有节奏的活动。唯有在感觉动作成熟后，孩子才能对外界的刺激作出有意义的反应，所以感觉动作是学习不可或缺的要素。 第三阶段：身体形象的认识 孩子通过感觉动作的发展，虽可对外界的刺激做有意识的反应，但动作要能更加协调灵活，仍有赖于孩子对自己身体形象认识的程度。当孩子认清自己的眼睛、嘴巴、手、脚等位置及功能，并知道加以活用后，再配合已逐渐开始的身体双侧动作协调发展，才能进一步学习新的动作技巧，如穿脱衣服或鞋袜、滑滑梯和荡秋千等。反之，如对自己身体形象认识不足，身体各部位的动作无法良好的协调，则行动笨拙、反应迟钝，会经常摔跤或碰伤自己，同时也学不会荡秋千、扣纽扣或拿筷子等动作。 第四阶段：知觉运动的形成 孩子通过感觉通路、感觉动作以及对自我身体形象的认识，已获得相当多的经验，累积储存在脑部而形成知觉。因此，孩子不仅可以听懂别人说话的意思，而且会照着别人的指示做事，模仿别人的语句与人对话。同时，也可辨认物体的形状、大小，记得看过的图片，辨识图画的主题与背景，会玩走迷宫、拼图等益智玩具。反之，孩子如果听