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形容词详细讲解及用法

形容词详细讲解及用法
形容词详细讲解及用法

第四单元形容词

Ⅰ.形容词的用法及位置

A.作定语的用法

61 形容词有5种用法,10个位置。

1.形容词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词前面,被修饰名词可称为主体词(Head-word),形容词和主体词结合起来,表示一个单一的意思:

I like good students.

He lives in an old house.

62 2.在某些特殊的组合中,形容词可放在主体词的后面:

He is the Consul General(or Notary Public).

He showed his letters patent in the court martial as proof positive.(法律语言,多从法语中借用)

It is the greatest book imaginable(or the largest hospital available).He is the richest man alive.(形容词最高级+名词+形容词)

He came on Monday last,and will come again on Monday next.Customs here are similar to customs there.The partinside has much to do with the part above(名词+作定语用的表示位置的副词)

He has nothing pleasant to say to you.He wants everything good.Something terrible will happen.Anybody present knows him to be a liar.(合成代词+形容词)

I like any boy both honest and intelligent. We arrived at a place dirty,gloomy and desolate.(名词+形容词)

John is the only boy dear to his mother(or a servant faithful to his master,a businessman greedy for money).(名词+形容词+介词+名词)

He was Alexander the Great(or Richard the Lion-Hearted).(专有名词+the+形容词)

Marriage is a matter hard to handle. I know of a man ready to help us.Is this the time suitable to say anything?(名词+形容词+不定式)

He drove along a path two meters wide. He lives in a house eight stories high.A boy about five years old is playing in the garden.(名词+数词+名词+形容词)

He is a boy taller than you(or as tall as you).(名词+形容词比较级+than+名词)或(名词+as+形容词+as+名词)

There slept a man with his eyes open.Look at the dog with its ears erect.(with+名词+形容词)

B.作补语(表语)的用法

63 3.和名词一样,形容词也可用在系动词后作补语(表语),修饰主语或说明主语的情况:

You are hungry.John is honest.Father seems sad.Mary looks old.I feel tired.Lee remains ill. She is growing fat.

如果形容词需要强调而主语又有较长的修饰语,形容词可放在系动词及主语的前面:

Gone are the days when my heart was young and gay.

Happy is he who is satisfied with what he has.

如形容词前还有how修饰,也可放在前面:

How old is he?(疑问句)

How strong is his country?

How funny he is!(Not:is he?)(感叹句)

How rich this country is!

64 4.和名词一样,形容词也可用在宾补动词后作宾语的补语,对宾语加以修饰或说明:

They make me angry.I thought it easy.He likes his coffee hot.They left their son ignorant. They called his works great.Mother keeps the floor clean. They find John hon-est.

如果宾语很长,形容词也可放在动词后面(紧跟动词):

Mother keeps clean the floor,the furniture and everything.

He set free all the prisoners in the village.

He left vacant all the rooms of his hotel.

C.解释性用法

65 5.有些形容词,常和别的词结合,对主语进行解释,它和主语间常用逗号隔开(这时它带有状语的作用,说明为什么有这种情况):

Sad and tired,John wandered about.(=John was sad and tired,and thus he wandered about.)

Young,rich and pretty.Mary has many boy friends.(=Mary is young,rich and pretty. and so she has many boy friends.)

Angry with me,he complained all day.

Ashamed of his uncle,John refused to mention him.

Unable to reply,she pretended not to hear me.

Ready to fight them,he stood unmoved.

Three hundred miles long,the road is the longest one in this country.(=The road is three hundred miles long,and it is the longest one in this country.)

Ninety years old,grandma is still healthy.(=Grandma is ninety years old,yet she is still healthy.)

Penniless(used singly),he sold his watch.

66 6.解释性的形容词,也可放在主语后面,这时强调性较弱,它前后都有逗号把它和句子的其他部分隔开:

John,sad and tired,wandered about.

Mary,young,rich,and pretty,has many boy friends.

The road,three hundred miles long,is the longest in the country.

67 7.这种形容词放在句末时强调性最强,这时句子的谓语大多为不及物动词,表示一个动作。如果句子短,前面可以不加逗号:

John wandered about sad and tired.(=John wandered about,and was sad and tired.)

He approached,careless of danger.

He struggled and struggled,unable to get up.

John fell down unconscious.

He sat there silent and sad.

68 8.解释性形容词一般对主语进行解释,偶尔也用来说明宾语:

He placed me,dirty and damp,beside the king.

They took John,half dead,to the hospital.

D.作独立成分

69 9.形容词可用在句首,起独立成分的作用,和句子的任何其他词都没有联系,只对整个句子作某种说明,多和一些其他词结合使用,单独用时较少:

First,we need money;second,we need courage.

True,he has married twice.

He has no job. Worse,he is ill.

Sad to say,I cannot trust a woman any more.

Needless to say,he is the worst man in this city.

Curious to relate,she loves a poor man like me.

Contrary to the popular opinion,a very strong man often dies young.

Most wonderful of all,he began to repent.

Most important of all,one should know oneself.

Best of all,he is extremely patient.

E.作感叹语

70 10.形容词有时用作感叹语,表示一时的情绪:

Stupid!He must be crazy.

Very good!Do it again.

Right!So what is wrong?

Wonderful! Wonderful!

Shocking!I have never seen such a thing.

How dangerous!

F.只作表语和只作定语

71 有些形容词只能用作表语,不能在名词前作定语,这类形容词可称为表语形容词,如:ill,well,content,unable,sorry,glad,mindful,exempt,bound(for),bent(on),afraid,ashamed,asleep,awake,away,aware,alike,alive,alert,averse,agape,astir,ablame,afloat,afire(还有其他以a-开始的词)。

正确用法:

He is alone.

I saw him alone.

The old man,alone on the island,looked like a beast.

Alone on the island,the old man looked like a beast.

He wandered about sad and alone.

错句:

He is an alone man.(应用lonely或lonesome)

The alone woman has lived here many years.(lonely)若在名词前作定语,可改用其他形容词,如可以用sick代替ill,以happy代替glad,

frightened代替afraid,以contended代替content。有个别这类词可作定语,但意思有变化,如:

what a sorry(可悲的) situation!

This is a glad(令人高兴的) day for us.

72 另一方面,有些形容词只能用作定语,不能用作表语,如:

left,right,inner,outer,upper,hinder,utter,former,elder,eldest,major,minor,latter,lesser,wooden,earthen,woolen,brazen,golden,ashen,leaden,flaxen

His elder brother is fifteen.(正确)

His brother is elder.(错误)

His left hand is wounded.(正确)

His wounded hand is left.(错误)

He has a wooden house.(正确)

His house is wooden.(错误)

The figure is golden.(错误)

The pot is earthen.(错误)

但在用于引伸意义时,有些这类形容词可以这样用,如:

His future looks golden.(正确)

His face is ashen.(正确)

Ⅱ.两类形容词

A.描绘性形容词

73 从实用角度考虑,形容词可以分为描绘性和限定性两大类。

1.绝大多数形容词都是描绘性的,前节所列形容词都属于这一类。它们可能表示有关人的品质,如Shakespearean,Dar-winian,Marxian,Herculean,也表示某些东西的特点,如Biblical,solar,celestial,可与地名有关,如

Japanese,Ro-man,Parisian,也可与某种材料有关,如 brazen,airy,earthen,可指外观,如long,colorful,square,也可指性质,如strong,harmful,lasting,或指情绪,如angry,sad,charmed 等等。

2.它们可以放在多种位置:a)名词前面,b)名词后面,c)系动词后面作补语,d)宾语后面作宾语的补语及前章所列的其他6个位置,如:

a)A good dictionary is necessary.

b)A dictionary good for children is necessary.

c)This dictionary is good.

d)He finds the dictionary good.

3.它们大多数可用于比较级,如:

strong,stronger,strongest;long,longer,longest;beautiful,more beautiful,most beautiful;depressing,more depressing,most depressing

4.它们多数都不能用作名词或代词,除非加上某种词尾,如:形容词——happy,honest,long,strong,sad,hungry,poor

名词——happiness,honesty,length,strength,sadness,hunger,poverty

有少数形容词可以用作名词:

He is a good(形容词) man.

He never does good(名词).

He lives an evil(形容词)life.

He returns good for evil(名词).

He always goes the right(形容词)way.

He does not know the difference between right(名词)and wrong.

He lives in a very dark(形容词)room.

He never goes out after dark(名词).

He felt cold(形容词).

He shivered with cold(名词).

5.描绘性形容词都放在限定性形容词后面,用来修饰同一名词,如 all rich men,any red dress

6.它们对名词的单复数问题不产生影响,如 fat boys,wise boys,kind -hearted boys

B.限定性形容词

74 另一类称为限定性形容词。

1.这类形容词数量不多,仅仅有几十个。但它们用得很多,也很重要。它们可以表示数量,如 much,little,也可表示数目,如many,numerous,few,five.最重要的是,它们可以表示“哪个?”,如:this,that,all,any,some,every,either,both,the,a,这些也可称为指不词(demonstratives)。

2.它们只能用在名词前面,不能用于其他位置,如:

Some dictionaries are very useful.

He has a car.

John has no children.

You may ask me any question.

但有少数例外情况,例如有些可作表语或补语:

His faults are very few,and mine are very many. His money is too much,and mine is too little. He is fifteen.

有少数这类词常可用作补语,但这时它们是代词而不是形容词,如:

That is all中的 all,My advice is this中的 this以及 Such is my purpose中的 such。

3.这类形容词一般不能用于比较级,只有少数表示数量的形容词可有比较级和最高级,如:many(or much),more,most;few,fewer,fewest;little,less,least

4.它们大多可以用作代词或名词,只有少数除外(如:no,a,the,every):Much has been said.

Seven were killed.

John's is better than mine(不能用my).

Mine is the red one.

Both of them are ill.

Don't say that.

5.如果和描绘性形容词同时用来修饰一个名词,它们都放在描绘性形容词前面:

He has many good friends.(不能说 good many friends)

He knows some such honest northern people.(不能说 honest northern some such people)

6.它们决定后面所修饰名词的单复数。这个问题下节将详细讨论。

Ⅲ.限定性形容词与名词单复数的关系

75 限定性形容词,或称限定词(Determinatives),对它所修饰的名词(主体词)起某种限定的作用,即决定在3种情况中属于哪一种:

a)可数名词——单数,b)可数名词——复数,还是c)不可数名词。换句话说,它必须与主体词在是否可数,及是单数还是复数上一致。某一特定的限定词,其主体词只能是单数可数名词,如 this book;另一限定词只能和一复数可数名词一起用,如these books;再一种限定词只能用来修饰不可数名词,如much ink.第四种可以和任何名词连用,如 some book,some books,some ink.

76 有些词组起着限定词的作用,如:a number of,lots of,a great deal of,它们和单一的形容词作用一样。例如在 a number ofstudents中,a number of修饰名词(主体词)students,意思接近some。如果机械地把 number看作主体词,把of students看作定语,就会理解错误。

77 1.下面这些单数可数限定词或限定词型的短语(简称SCD)a,one,each,every,either,neither,such a,many a,another,a certain,a single or half a都只能用在单数可数名词(简称SCN)前面。简言之,SCD用在SCN前面:[S=singular,C=countable,D=determinative,N=noun]

He has a car.(正确)

He has a cars.(错误)

He has a money.(错误)

A certain gentleman came.(正确)

A certain gentlemen came.(错误)

He has not a single ink.(错误)

I have never seen such an animal.(正确)

I have never seen such an animals.(错误)

Such a water is not good for us.(错误)

78 2.单数可数限定词(简称 SCD)或不可数限定词(简称UD)或起同样作用的短语,如:this,that,a kind(or sort,type,class,form,make,style,brand,breed,species)of可用在单数可数名词(SCN)或不可数名词(UN)前面。简言之,SCD,UD用在SCN,UN前面。[U=un-countable]

This book is enjoyable.

This weather is enjoyable.

This books are enjoyable.(错误)

That car is mine.

That milk is sour.

That cars are mine.(错误)

This is a kind of bat.

There is a sort of gas called oxygen.

A Pekinese is a species of dogs.(少见)

79 3.通用限定词(简称GD)或类似短语the,some,any,no,what,his (or John's,etc.),the same,the very,all the,part(or half,most)many kinds(or sorts,types,etc.) of等,可用在任何名词的单数或复数(简称为GN)前面。简言之,GD用在GN前面。[G=general]

He has no car.

He has no cars.

He has no money and no humour.

The same gentleman came.

The same gentlemen came.

He has not the same ambition as you have.

What house do you want?

What houses do you want?

What bread do you want?

What education do you want?

80 4.不可数限定词(简称UD)或类似短语 much,little,a lit-tle,not a little,a good(or great)deal of,a large(or small)amount of,a bit of,a touch of,a trace of等,可用在不可数名词(简称UN)前面。简言之,UD用在UN前面。[P=plural]

He has a little money and a little humour.

We need a good deal of ammunition and a good deal of en- couragement.

He has a large amount of property but a small amount of joy of life.

There is a touch of salt and sarcasm in his writing.

包含有quantity在内的短语只能用在物质名词前面:

A large quantity of beer is produced.

We consume great quantities of food every year.

另外某些短语只能用在抽象名词前面:

There is a shade of meaning in it.

He has a spice of humour and malice.

There is an element of risk in this enterprise.

I find a streak(or tinge,flavour,hint,suggestion)of truth in his remarks.

We must be armed with a great measure(or a high degree)of courage.

81 5.复数可数限定词(简称PCD)或类似短语 few,a few,not a few,only few,but few,scveral,a couple(of),vari-ous,divers,sundry,an assortment of;two(or three,etc.),all,certain,other,those,these,both,many,nu-merous,frequent,a great many,a good many,a number of,great numbers of,most,the majority of,the generality of;dozens (or hundreds,thousands,tens of thousand)of 等,只能用在复数可数名词(简称PCN)前面。简言之,PCD用在PCN前面。[P=plural]

He has a few dollars.

He has a few dollar.(错误)

He has a few money.(错误)

He has a few strength.(错误)

Most students dislike algebra.

Most student dislike algebra.(错误)

Most fruit juice is full of vitamins.(错误)

I want other dictionaries.

I want other dictionary.(错误)

I want other bread.(错误)

82 6.复数可数限定词(PCD)或不可数限定词(UD)及其类似短语such,enough,a lot of,lots of,plenty(of),a vari-ety of,(an)abundance of等,只能用在复数可数名词(PCN)或不可数名词(UN)前面。简言之,PCD,UD用在PCN,UN前面。

He has lots of animals.

He has lots of paper and ink.

He has lots of animal.(错误)

I like such houses.

I like such tea.

I like such house.(错误)

又如:

an infinity of oranges(of sunshine)

a world of trees(of trouble)

a wealth of illustrations(experience)

a sight of people(of money)

a wilderness of roofs(of furniture)

an ocean of faces(of yellow sand)

a minimum of words used to create a maximum of effect oceans of coconuts(of money)

tons of books(of money)

83 7.反过来说,单数可数名词前面只能有77,78,79节所列的这类限定词:

He has dog.(错误)

He has good dog.(错误)

He has very good dog.(错误)

He has a dog.(正确)

He has another dog.(正确)

He has another good dog.(正确)

Person has come.(错误)

Important person has come.(错误)

What person has come?(正确)

What important person has come?(正确)

84 8.单数可数名词前不可用80,81,82节中所列限定词:He has much book.(错误)

He has certain book.(错误)

He has such book.(错误)

He has many books.(正确)

He has a certain book.(正确)

He has such a book.(正确)

85 在限定性形容词和它的主体词之间可以插入一个描绘性形容词,不影响上述规律:

He has many dogs.(正确)

He has many pretty dogs.(仍然正确)

He listened to some stories.(正确)

We listened to some exciting love stories.(仍然正确)

He has wife.(错误)

He has pretty wife.(仍然错误)

He has very pretty wife.(仍然错误)

He has very pretty young wife.(仍然错误)

Ⅳ.表示“激起情绪”和“感到情绪”的形容词

86 表示情绪的形容词值得特别注意。有些纯粹是形容词,如angry,fearful,familiar.另一些是由动词加词尾-ing或-ed构成的,称为现在分词或过去分词。这类形容词有些是表示“激起某种情绪”的,有些表示“感到某种情绪”的。shameful表示“使人感到羞耻”,如:Such a son is shameful。主语son并不感到羞耻。但ashamed却不同,它表示“感到羞耻”如:My son is ashamed.同样,the interesting children表示“使人感兴趣的孩子们”,而the interested children表示“感兴趣的孩子们”。因此我们可以把shameful,interesting这类形容词称为“激起情绪”的形容词(Adjectives of Exciting),而把ashamed,interested这类形容词称为“感到情绪”的形容词(Adjectives of Feeling)。

和“激起情绪”的形容词连用的名词多指东西,指人时较少。我们常说shocking rumours,tiresome work,painful experience.只在少数情况下和表示人的名词连用,如tiresome fellows。

和“感到情绪”的形容词连用的名词多指人(或指有情绪的动物),而不指物。我们可以说a frightened bird,the astonished stranger,the annoyed girl,而不能说a frightened story,(应说a frightening story),the astonished news(应说the astonishing news)。但这类形容词可修饰人格化的东西,能有感受力的东西,如the troubled face,her sad eyes,John's determined mouth,the angry sea,the melancholy moon。

87 英语中有很多对形容词,都和某种情绪有关,如delightful,delighted;satisfactory,satisfied。其中有一个表示“激起某种感情”,如delightful,satisfactory;另一个表示“感到某种感情”,如delighted,satisfied。这两种形容词不仅用在名词前面作定语,还可放在其他位置,作补语等。

下面例句仅表示在系动词后的用法:

激起情绪的形容词感到情绪的形容词

It is painful. He is pained.

pleasant. pleased.

tiresome. tired.

delightful. delighted.

satisfactory. satisfied.

frightful. frightened.

reminiscent(of something). reminded(of it).

forgettable.forgetful.

有些“激起情绪”的形容词以-ing结尾,而“感到情绪”的形容词以-ed结尾:

激起情绪感到情绪

It is amusing. He is amused.

interesting. interested.

shocking. shocked.

astonishing. astonished.

disgusting. disgusted.

annoying. annoyed.

gratifying. gratified.

perplexing. perplexed.

charming. charmed.

fascinating. fascinated.

有些形容词既可表示“激起情绪”,又可表示“感到情绪”:激起情绪感到情绪

It is curious. He is curious.

comfortable. comfortable.

fearful. fearful.

joyful. joyful.

doubtful. doubtful.

suspicious. suspicious.

clear to him. clear about it.

familiar to him. familiar with it.

Ⅴ.冠词

88 冠词the和a、an是最重要也是最复杂的形容词。以man一个词为例,就有下面几种选择:man,a man,men,the men和theman,其中牵涉到是否用冠词及用哪个冠词问题。除了用冠词,还有不用冠词的问题,以及名词的可数与否的问题。

冠词总是放在名词前面,若这个名词有形容词修饰,冠词通常放在形容词前面,若形容词前还有副词,则冠词需放在副词前面,如:

This is a car—a good car—a very good car.

He can answer the question—the difficult question—the most difficult question.

但若形容词为such,many或what,冠词a应放在它后面,如:

I never met such a man.

He has lived here many a year.

What a beautiful park it is!

如果形容词为all,both,half,double或twice,冠词the必须放在它后面:

All the guests have come.

Both the brothers study Spanish.

I bought it at half the price(double the price).

(但是:He has waited half an hour or a half hour).

如果所用副词为so,how,as,too,quite,rather或no less,冠词a就放在副词所修饰的形容词后面及被修饰名词的前面:

It is so(or too)big a dog.

How big a dog it is!

Ii is as big a dog as yours.

It is no less big a dog than yours.(=It is as big a dog as yours.)

It is quite(or rather)big a dog(or a quite big or a rather big dog).

如果a后面紧跟的词以元音(不指元音字母)开头,例如在apple,egg,uncle,idle fellow,old man或hour[au+],M.A.[em ei],8[eit],L beam[el bi:m],H frame[eit M freim]前,就要用an代替a。如果后面的词以辅音开头,即使是元音字母,也只能用a,不能用an,如useful[′ju:sful],European[′ju+r+′pi+n],one[w)n]。又,用a还是an,取决于紧跟它的词,而不取决于形容词后的名词。如在an old teacher中,用an是由紧跟它的old决定的,而不是由名词teacher决定的;在an awfully hot climate中,用an是由于紧跟它的副词awfully以元音开头,而不由climate决定。

A.冠词与可数名词

89 1.冠词a有泛指作用,可和单数可数名词连用,隐约地表示“任何一个(即随便哪一个)”:

A dog is intelligent.

I like a child.

A big family is hard to support.

90 2.复数可数名词也有泛指作用,隐约地表示“所有的”:

Dogs are intelligent.

I like children.

Big families are hard to support.

91 3.冠词the可与单数可数名词连用,表示“一类”东西,而不指哪一个。

The dog is intelligent.

I play the piano.

The palm grows in many countries.

Tomatoes are good for the liver.

以上3种用法是很相近的。

92 4.A还有“一个”或“某个”的意思,可以和单数可数名词连用:

A dog is coming.

I see a child.

I have to maintain a family.

He is a teacher.

They call him a fool.

93 5.复数名词,如表示“几个”,或“某几个”,前面需加some这类词(由此也可以看作是一种冠词):

Some children are playing there.

I met some friends on the street.

There are some large schools in New York.

I bought some novels.

I have some pictures.

在某些特殊情况下,some必须省略:

Children,but not grown-ups,are playing there.(表示对比)I meet either friends or relatives on the street.

I bought both novels and newspapers.

Children are playing there because they have nothing else to do.(注意力在其他方面,而不在孩子的数目上)

I often meet friends at this time and at this place.

I bought novels to give to my girlfriend.

There are children in this park.(大量的)

Hats are sold in this shop.

They are children.(作补语)

These people are great scientists.

I found the demonstrators children.

94 6.The有特指的作用,可用在单数可数名词前,隐约表示“那个”,这时所指是那个人或东西是很清楚的:

I bought a house yesterday afternoon.The house is across the river.(指新买的房子)

I want to see the boss.(你知道the boss指谁)

What is the price of this pencil?

Open the window,please.(当然是指这个房间的窗子)

The government does not allow gambling.

The enemy was defeated.

The moon is rising.

95 7.The也可和复数可数名词连用,隐约地表示“那些”,这时指那些人或东西也是很清楚的:

I bought several houses yesterday.The houses are across the river.

I met some nice people at the party.It seems I had seen thegentlemen somewhere.

Open the windows,please.

Where are the children?

96 8.The也有表示集体的作用,用在复数可数名词前,隐约地表示“所有(那些)……”:

They are the teachers of our school.

The cities of this country are dirty.

Have you ever seen the Seven Wonders?

The members of the club are Indians.

B.冠词与不可数名词

97 9.不可数名词,既不能加a,又不能用于复数形式:

He has a money.(错)

Thailand produces much rices.(错)

You need an advice.(错)

Informations are important in war.(错)

98 10.不加冠词的不可数名词,泛指这类东西,隐约表示“任何数量的……”,“任何程度的……”:

I am fond of milk.

(完整版)形容词用法归纳

形容词用法归纳March 27, 2008 一. 形容词的定义和用法: 形容词用来修饰名词或代词, 表示人或事物的性质, 状态,和特征。形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语,补语。 She is a good student, and she works hard. 她是一个好学生,她学习努力。 This bike is expensive. 这辆自行车很贵。 I am sorry, I'm busy now. 对不起,我现在很忙。 Have you got everything ready for the meeting? 你为这次会议做好准备吗? 二. 形容词在句中的位置: 形容词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。如果有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时, 则由它们和被修饰的名词之间的密切程度而定, 越密切的形容词越靠近名词。如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多则按音节少的形容词放在前面, 音节多的形容词放在后面。 注意: 1. 英语单词中,something, anything, nothing 等不定代词被形容词修饰时,形容词 放在名词后面。 I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事要告诉你。 Is there anything interesting in the film. 电影里有什么有趣的内容吗? There is nothing dangerous here. 这儿一点都不危险。 2. 由两个或两个以上的词组成的形容词词组修饰名词时须放在名词之后。

This is the book easy to read. 这是一本容易读的书。 3. 用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。 Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting. 每一个人,男女老少,都应该参加会议。 You can take any box away, big or small. 这些箱子,不管大小,你都可以拿走。 三. 形容词的原级、比较级和最高级: 绝大多数形容词有三种形式,原级,比较级和最高级, 以表示形容词说明的性质在程度上的不同。 1. 形容词的原级: 形容词的原级形式就是词典中出现的形容词的原形。例如: poor, tall ,great, glad ,bad 等。 2. 原级常用结构:主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。 This box is as big as mine. 这个盒子和我的一样大。 This coat is as cheap as that one. 这件衣服同那件衣服一样便宜。 I study English as hard as my brother. 我同我兄弟一样学习努力。 3. 形容词的比较级和最高级形式变化: 形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在形容词的原级形式的基础上变化的。分为规则变化和不规则变化。规则变化如下: 1) 单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。 great (原级) greater(比较级) greatest(最高级)

初中形容词的用法

形容词的用法 形容词用来修饰名词或者代词,表示人物或者事物的性质,状态和特征。 一、形容词的位置和用法。 1.多数形容词既能做定语又能做表语。作定语时放在名词的前面。做表语时放在连系动词的be,taste,smell,look,sound,fell,become,get,turn,等的后面。 如; 。(名词前作定语) 。(连系动词后面表语) 2.有些形容词只能做表语不能作定语。 如;ill,well,sorry,glad,worth等以及以“a”开头的形容词;asleep,alone,afraid,alive,awake,alike等。 如;Theboyisasleep.(不能说成anasleepboy) 3形容词修饰something,anything,someone,anybody等不定代词时,放在不定代词的后面。 如; 1.多个形容词同时修饰一个名词时,顺序是限定词(冠词,指示代词,形容词 性物主代词,名词所有格,数词)+描述次+大小,长短,高低等形状+年龄,新旧+颜色+国籍,地区+材料+名词。ThetownhasabeautifultalloldwhiteChinesestonebuilding. 二、形容词的级。 (一)原级比较 句型1;主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词(原级)+as。。。(如。。。。那样)HeistallasI(aam). Thisisasgoodasthat(isgood) 句型2;主语+谓语(系动词)+notas/so+形容词(原级)+as。。。(不如。。。。那样) Heisnotas/sohiswife(isold). TheweatherinBeijingisnotas/sohotasthatinGuangzhou。 (二)比较级;两者之间进行比较。 句型1.主语+谓语(系动词)+形容词比较级+than+对比成分(。。。比。。。更。。。)Heistallerthanshe。 Thispictureismorebeautifulthanthatone. 句型2主语+谓语(系动词)+形容词比较级+ofthetwo.(…两者中比较…的) -----Whichisolder,MaryorJenny? -----Jennyistheolderofthetwo.

英语中形容词的用法学习资料

英语中形容词的用法

英语中形容词的用法 定义 形容词是用来修饰名词的词,一般放在所修饰的名词前面。 作用 形容词在句中作定语,表语,宾语补足语。 她是一个好学生,她学习努力。She is a good student, and she works hard. 这辆自行车很贵。This bike is expensive. 对不起,我现在很忙。I am sorry, I'm busy now. 你为这次会议做好准备了吗? Have you got everything ready for the meeting? 在句中的位置 形容词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。如果有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时,则由它们和被修饰的名词之间的密切程度而定,越密切的形容词越靠近名词。如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多则按音节少的形容词放在前面,音节多的形容词放在后面。 英语单词中something, anything, nothing 等不定代词被形容词修饰时,形容词放在不定代词后面。 I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事要告诉你。 Is there anything interesting in the film? 电影里有什么有趣的内容吗? There is nothing dangerous here. 这儿一点都不危险。

由两个或两个以上的词组成的形容词词组修饰名词时须放在名词之后。 This is the book easy to read. 这是一本容易读的书。 用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。 Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting. 每一个人,男女老少,都应该参加会议。 You can take any box away, big or small. 这些箱子,不管大小,你都可以拿走。 比较级和最高级 绝大多数形容词有三种形式,原级,比较级和最高级,以表示形容词说明的性质在程度上的不同。 形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在形容词的原级形式的基础上变化的。 分为规则变化和不规则变化。 规则变化 1)单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加-er 和-est 构成。 great (原级) greater(比较级) greatest(最高级) 2)以-e 结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加-r 和-st 构成。 wide (原级) wider (比较级) widest (最高级) 3)少数以-y, -er, -ow, -ble结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加-er 和-est 构成。 clever(原级) cleverer(比较级) cleverest(最高级) 4)以-y 结尾,但-y 前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把-y 去掉,加上-ier 和-iest 构成.

英语形容词试题经典含解析

英语形容词试题经典含解析 一、初中英语形容词 1.—There is something ___________ in today's newspaper. —Really. Wow, great! A. interesting B. interested C. interest D. interests 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意:——在今天的报纸上有一些有趣的事。——真的。哇,太棒了!A,interesting有趣的,修饰事;B, interested有趣的,修饰人;C,interest使感兴趣,是动词。此处修饰代词something,故此处用形容词interesting,故选A。 【点评本题考查形容词辨析。以及interesting;interested;interest;interests四个词的词义和用法。 2.Julie takes good care of the family dog. She is ________ than her brother. A. patient B. more patient C. most patient D. the most patient 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:Julie把他家的狗照顾都很好。她比她的的哥哥更有耐心。A.耐心的;B.更有耐心的;C.表达不存在;D.最有耐心的。根据than,可知用形容词的比较级,patient,有耐心的,其比较级是more patient,故选B。 【点评】考查形容词的比较级。注意比较级的用法。 3.—If there are ________ people driving, there will be ________ air pollution. —Yes, and the air will be fresher. A. less; less B. less; fewer C. fewer; fewer D. fewer; less 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意:——如果开车的人越少,空气污染越少。——是的,空气将会更新鲜。little少的,形容词,其比较级是less,修饰不可数名词,few几乎没有,形容词,其比较级是fewer,更少,修饰可数名词,people,可数名词,用fewer修饰,air pollution,空气污染,不可数名词,用less修饰,故选D。 【点评】考查形容词的辨析。注意less和fewer意思和用法。 4.People who always do sports are in spirits than those who don't. A. high B. higher C. tall D. taller 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:总是做运动的人比不做运动的人精神状态更高。A.高的,原级;B.更高的,比较级;C.高的,原级;D.更高的,比较级。spirits精神,形容精神高用high,than是比较级标志词,所以用high的比较级higher,故选B。 【点评】考查形容词辨析,注意平时识记形容词原级及比较级。 5.We're very about the graduation ceremony next Saturday, we can't wait to be there.

(高中) 形容词、副词的基本用法及练习

形容词、副词的基本用法 1 形容词及其用法 形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常,可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。 1) 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如:hot 热的。 2) 叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如:afraid 害怕的。 (错)He is an ill man. (对)The man is ill. (错)She is an afraid girl. (对)The girl is afraid. 这类词还有: well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。 3)形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing 为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后,例如: something nice 2 以-ly结尾的形容词 1)大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。 改错:(错) She sang lovely. (错) He spoke to me very friendly. (对) Her singing was lovely. (对) He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词。 daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily. 3 用形容词表示类别和整体 1)某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry The poor are losing hope. 2)有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,与动词的复数连用。 the British,the English,the French,the Chinese. The English have wonderful sense of humor. 4 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:

形容词和副词的用法解析

形容词和副词的用法解析 小机灵王博士,我知道形容词和副词在英语中非常重要,可是对它们的用法不甚清晰,上课时又经常听到老师提到形容词和副词,所以感到有些困惑,您能否给我们详细地讲解一下它们的用法? 王博士你好,欢迎你的提问。形容词和副词确实非常重要并且易混,我们还是先看个例句吧!ThemathproblemisveryeasyandIcansolveiteasily.你能判断出easy,easily两个词中哪个是形容词,哪个是副词吗? 小机灵可能easy是形容词,easily是副词,但是拿不准。 王博士你答对了。easy是形容词,在本句中修饰名词problem,说明problem的特征。easily是副词,用来修饰动词solve。 小机灵我知道了,形容词用来修饰名词,而副词用来修饰动词。是吗,王博士? 王博士你总结得还不全面,我们先来看看形容词的用法。形容词修饰名词或代词,说明事物或人的性质或特征,在句中可作定语、表语或补语。例如: Sheisanicegirl.(nice作定语形容词,修饰名词girl)Theviewoutsideisverybeautiful.(beautiful作表语形容词,修饰名词view) Idon’tthinkitimportant.(important作补语,修饰代词it) 小机灵我开始明白了,原来放在具体的例句中来理解就容易多了。 王博士形容词的常见用法可以大致归纳如下:

1.定语形容词和表语形容词 大多数形容词即可作定语又可作表语。但有些只可作定语,如:golden,woolen,daily,elder,little,live等;有些只可作表语,如:well,unable,worth及以字母a-开头的词,如:asleep,afraid,alone,awake等;另外还有少数形容词既可作定语又可作表语,但是意义不同。 (错)Sheisanafraidgirl. (对)Thegirlisafraid. Herillauntwasill.她凶狠的姨妈病了。 2.单个形容词作定语通常前置,但是如果修饰以-thing结尾的复合不定代词时要求后置; Isthereanythingimportantinthenewbook? 3.形容词短语作定语总是后置;Tomistheonlymansuitableforthejob. 4.多个形容词修饰同一名词时的顺序 限定词——一般描绘性的——表示大小形状的——表示性质的——表示色彩的——表示长幼、新旧的——表示国籍、地区、出处的——表示物质、材料的——表示用途、类别的——被修饰的名词;abigquietgreynewBritishwoodenhouse 5.两个或两个以上形容词作表语,通常在最后一个形容词前加and; Heistall,darkandhandsome. 6.“the+形容词”可以表示一类人或一类事物,谓语动词常用复数;

形容词及其用法

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