清华大学2003年博士研究生入学考试英语试题
Part I Listening Comprehension (20%)
Section A
Directions: In this section you will hear three people discussing university life. Listen to the discussion about reading assignments, essays, lectures and seminars. Complete the table by writing in the difficulties they have with reading, writing essays, listening to lectures and having seminars. Write no more than three words for each answer in the Answer Sheet. Circle the letters of your choices for questions 9 and 10, and then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. You will hear the recording twice.
9. Who are Lisa, Oalf and Sasha?
A Lisa is a lecturer. Olaf and Sasha are students.
B They are all lecturers.
C Olaf and Lisa are first year students. Sasha is their tutor.
D They are all college students.
10. What does Lisa think of Sasha's last seminar paper?
A It was like a lecture.
B It was professional.
C It was rather boring.
D She couldn't believe it.
Section B
Directions: In this section you will hear a long talk about non-verbal communication. As you listen to the talk you should take brief notes to answer the five questions below, and then put your answers on the Answer Sheet. Try to answer the questions as clearly as possible. Remember, you may have different answers to some of the questions. You will hear the recording twice.
11. What is kinesics?
_____________________________________________________________
12. Raymond Birdwhistle said that the meaning of non-verbal behavior depends on the context. Give two examples of the meaning of smile.
_____________________________________________________________
13. Give two examples of universal emotions.
_____________________________________________________________
14. Give two examples of how non-verbal communication can differ from one culture to another.
_____________________________________________________________
15. List two ways in which verbal and non-verbal communication differ.
Part ⅡVocabulary ( 10% )
Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one that completes the sentence and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through center.
16. Written at least 100 years ago, the handwriting faded and certainly became __________
A. infinite
B. illegible
C. infectious
D. immune
17. It is doubtful whether anyone can be a truly __________ observer of events.
A. inadequate
B. impassive
C. genius
D. impartial
18. She was ___________ by the lack of appreciation shown of her hard work.
A. frustrated
B. dispersed
C. functioned
D. displaced
19. The shuttle exploded in the air suddenly and broke into ___________ at once.
A. diversity
B. fragments
C. doctrine
D. drought
20. As the society has rigid social ___________, everyone knows his role in the society.
A. hemisphere
B. contempt
C. controversy
D. hierarchy
21. Three years have _________ since we last met at the conference for Internet communication in Beijing.
A. elapsed
B. discemed
C. discontented
D. electrified
22. It turned out that he had ___________ the whole story just to cheat his friends.
A. dissipated
B. diverged
C. detached
D. fabricated
23. He had a clear __________ of what was wrong with the machine and fixed it in a short time.
A. debris
B. deficiency
C. perception
D. persecution
24. For ten years the problem about the water has not been solved, we came to think that it has been a ________ problem in this area.
A. perpetual
B. persuasive
C. picturesque
D. possessive
25. He was ________ by the noise outside yesterday evening and could not concentrate on
his study.
A. pecked
B. oriented
C. perturbed
D. paddled
26. He is often inclined to __________ in other people' s affairs, which is none of his business.
A. manipulated
B. lumbered
C. meddle
D. littered
27. He practiced _________ on her and managed to get $ 2,000.
A linen B. deception
C longitude D. paradise
28. He was _________ to take over the duties and responsibilities of his father from an early age.
A. deduced
B. damped
C. diminished
D. destined
29. Such questions should be approached honestly and in full awareness that _________ loan agreements will cost money due to cancellation or other charges.
A. compressing
B. terminating
C. conforming
D. contending
30. The room was full of people and smoke. She started to feel ________ with the heat inside
A. oppressed
B. congested
C. confronted
D. craned
31. The language experts believe that the ________ age for learning a foreign language is 6 years old.
A. conceptual
B. considerate
C. optimal
D. component
32. She got very angry and __________ her clothes about in the room.
A. flung
B. flew
C. clamped
D. clashed
33. He knew that he would be punished severely because of his serious error. Therefore he _________ away the day before yesterday.
A. cautioned
B. fled
C. chattered
D. civilized
34. The evil manners would be ___________ root and branch due to the forceful action taken by the local government.
A. exterminated
B. exemplified
C. facilitated
D. emitted
35. We all know that it is very hard to ___________ him to give his plan up.
A. endeavor
B. reduce
C. assert
D. induce
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40%)
Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some
questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
A scorching sun, an endless sea of sand and a waterless, forbiddingly lonely land——that is the image most people have of deserts. But how true is this picture? Deserts are drylands where rainfall is low. This is not to say rain never falls in deserts: it may fall once or twice a year in a fierce torrent that fades almost as soon as it has begun, or which evaporates in the hot air long before it has got anywhere near the earth. It may fall in a sudden sweeping flood that carries everything in its path. Rains may only come once in five or six years or not fall for a decade or more. The Mojave desert in the United States remained dry for twenty-five years.
Without water no living thing can survive, and one feature of the true desert landscape is the absence of vegetation. With little rain and hardly any vegetation the land suffers under the sun. There are virtually no clouds or trees to protect the earth' s surface and it can be burning hot. Under the sun, soils break up and crack. Wind and torrential rain sweep away and erode the surface further. Eight million square kilometers of the world' s land surface is desert. Throughout history deserts have been expanding and retreating again. Cave paintings show that parts of the Sahara Desert were green and fertile about 10,000 years ago, and even animals like elephants and giraffes roamed the land. Fossil and dunes found in fertile and damp parts of the world show that these areas were once deserts. But now the creation of new desert areas is happening on a colossal scale. Twenty million square kilometers, an area twice the size of Canada, is at a high to very high risk of becoming desert. With a further 1.25 million square kilometers under moderate risk, an area covering 30% of the earth' s land surface is desert, becoming desert, or in danger of becoming desert. The rate of growth of deserts is alarming. The world' s drylands which are under threat include some of the most important stock-rearing and wheat-growing areas and are the homes of 600—700 million people. These regions are becoming deserts at the rate of more than 58, 000 square kilometers a year or 44 hectares a minute. In North Africa at least 100,000 hectares of cropland are lost each year. At this rate there is a high risk that we will be confined to living on only 50% of this planet's land surface within one more century unless we are able to do something about it.
36. What does the passage tell us about rainfall in the desert?
A. It never rains.
B. It rains so little that nothing can live.
C. It rains unexpectedly.
D. It rains very infrequently.
37. Desert soils break up and crack because of ____________.
A. the effects of wind and min.
B. the lack of protection from the sun.
C. the tropical location of deserts.
D. the absence of rain.
38. What do we learn about deserts from this text?
A. Deserts can change into green and fertile areas.
B. Certain areas have always been desert.
C. Deserts were once the home of elephants and giraffes.
D. Deserts have been growing since the beginning of the world.
39. How much of the world' s land surface is at risk of becoming desert?
A. Less than ten million square kilometers.
B. Twenty million square kilometers.
C. More than twenty million square kilometers.
D. 30% of the world's land surface.
40. What does the writer think about the creation of new desert areas?
A. It is a natural development.
B. The problem is not very serious.
C. It is a very worrying problem.
D. The situation will improve in time.
Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:
The first thing to notice is that the media we're all familiar with——from books to television are one-way propositions: they push their content at us. The Web is two-way, push and pull. In finer point, it combines the one-way reach of broadcast with the two-way reciprocity (互惠) of a mid-cast. Indeed, its user can at once be a receiver and sender of broadcast——a confusing property, but mind-stretching!
A second aspect of the Web is that it is the first medium that honors the notion of multiple intelligences. This past century' s concept of literacy grew out of our intense belief in text, a focus enhanced by the power of one particular technology-the typewriter. It became a great tool for writers but a terrible one for other creative activities such as sketching, painting, notating music, or even mathematics. The typewriter prized one particular kind of intelligence, but with the Web, we suddenly have a medium that honors multiple forms of intelligence——abstract, textual, visual, musical, social, and kinesthetic. As educators, we now have a chance to construct a medium that enables all young people to become engaged in their ideal way of learning. The Web affords the match we need between a medium and how a particular person learns.
A third and unusual aspect of the Web is that it leverages (起杠杆作用) the small efforts of the many with the large efforts of the few. For example, researchers in the Maricopa County Community College system in Phoenix have found a way to link a set of senior citizens with pupils in the Longview Elementary School, as helper-mentors (顾问). It's wonderful to see-kids listen to these grandparents better than they do to their own parents, the mentoring really helps their teachers, and the seniors create a sense of meaning for themselves. Thus, the small efforts of the man——the seniors——complement the large efforts of the few——the teachers. The same thing can be found in operation at Hewlett-Packard, where engineers use the Web to help kids with science or math problems. Both of these examples barely scratch the surface as we think about what' s possible when we start interlacing resources with needs across a whole region.
41. What does the word mind-stretching imply?
A. Obtaining one's mental power.
B. Strengthening one' s power of thought.
C. Making great demands on one's mental power.
D. Exerting one's mental power as far as possible.
42. What is a terrible tool for activities such as sketching and painting?
A. Technology
B. Typewriter
C. Text
D. The web
43. Which group of people make some efforts to help pupils in elementary schools?
A. Teachers
B. Researchers
C. Grandparents
D. Senior citizens
44. The sentence the seniors create a sense of meaning for themselves means the seniors ________.
A. acquire a new meaning of their lives
B. understand the meaning of the web
C. create a web site for themselves
D. add a new meaning to the web
45. The expression "scratch the surface" most probably means ________.
A. think hard in a puzzled way
B. deal with a problem thoroughly
C. treat a subject without being thorough
D. work out a solution for a problem easily
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:
There is no question that the old style of air pollution could kill people. In one week following the infamous "peasouper" fog in December 1952, 4,700 people died in London. Most of these people were elderly and already had heart or lung diseases. A series of these killer fogs eventually led to the British Passing the Clean Air Act which restricted the burning of coal.
Fortunately the effect of smog on the lungs is not so dramatic. Scientists have now conducted a munbet of laboratory experiments in which volunteers are exposed to ozone inside a steel chamber for a few hours. Even at quite low concentrations there is a reversible fall in lung function, an increase in the irritability of the lungs and evidence of airway inflammation (发炎) . Although irritable and inflamed lungs are particularly seen in people with asthma (哮喘) and other lung diseases, these effects of ozone also occur in healthy subjects. Similar changes are also seen after exposure to nitrogen dioxide, although there is some disagreement about the concentration at which they occur.
Other studies have found that people living in areas with high levels of pollution have more symptoms and worse hung function than those living in areas with clean air. Groups of children attending school camps show falls in lung function even at quite low concentrations of ozone. There is also a relationship between ozone levels and hospital admissions for asthma, both in North America and Australia. It is suspected that long-term exposure to smog may result in chronic bronchitis (支气管炎) and emphysema (肺气肿), but this has yet to be proven.
Recently an association has been found between the levels of particles in the air and death rates in North American cities. The reason for this association is not understood and as yet there is no evidence this occurs in Australia. However, we do know that hazy days are associated with more asthma attacks in children.
46. Which of the following is NOT the result of laboratory experiments?
A. Low concentrations
B. Fall in lung function
C. Irritability of the lungs
D. Airway inflammation
47. Irritable and inflamed lungs are also seen in people with ________.
A. asthma
B. lung diseases
C. good health
D. weak health
48. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a possible cause of lung diseases?
A. The burning of coal
B. long-term exposure to smog
C. Exposure to nitrogen dioxide
D. Attending school camps
49. The relationship between exposure to _________ has not yet been determined.
A. ozone and fall in lung function
B. ozone and lung diseases such as asthma
C. nitrogen dioxide and worse lung function
D. smog and chronic bronchitis and emphysema
50. The association between _________ has not yet been found in Australia.
A. ozone levels and hospital admissions for asthma
B. hazy days and more asthma attacks in children
C. the levels of particles in the air and death rates
D. high levels of pollution and more symptoms
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:
The events of Sept. 11 have ratcheted up security at American airports to the highest level ever, according to a spokesman for Transportation Secretary Norman Mineta. But to say there is plenty of room for improvement puts it mildly:
Hundreds of employees with access to high-security areas at 15 U.S. airports have been arrested or indicted by federal law enforcement officials for using phony Social Security numbers, lying about criminal convictions or being in the United States illegally. None of those arrested had terrorist links, but some aviation experts said the workers were in a position to help smuggle weapons or bombs aboard aircraft if they had ranted.
Tests ordered by President Bush and conducted by federal agents at 32 airports between November and February, when airports were on highest alert, showed that Security screeners failed to detect knives 70% of the time, guns 30% of the time and simulated explosives 60% of the time.
Two members of the House Transportation Committee are pushing to reverse the administration' s opposition to arming pilots because groups representing pilots are insisting that their members need to be armed as a last line of defense.
Attorney General John Ashcroft said the arrests of hundreds of airport employees showed that the system of background checks—done piecemeal by airlines, private contractors and others—needs tightening. That much is painfully obvious. What isn't clear is why the system was so porous (有漏洞的) to begin with and why it wasn't immediately tightened after that infamous Tuesday in September.
Some people in the industry wisely have suggested that all airport workers be required to pass through the same metal detectors and other Security checks as flight crews do. Congress has ordered the new Transpiration Security Administration to find ways to enact just such a requirement. Unfortunately, no deadline has been set, in part because federal officials are preoccupied with getting thousands of new baggage screeners in place by Nov. 19—when the feds take over airport security—and installing bomb—detection equipment in all airports by the end of the year.
Plainly, those two goals are critical. But it would be a mistake to give low priority to fixing
other gaping holes in the nation' s airport security net. If the federal crackdown is going to be effective, it needs to be comprehensive.
51. The possible reason for hundreds of airport employees being arrested might be one of the following except __________.
A. using false ID
B. helping others in smuggling
C. being in the US illegally
D. denying or not mentioning past crimes
52. Figures showed that security screeners were ________ dangerous items.
A. able to detect
B. not able to detect
C. not effective in detecting
D. very effective in detecting
53. Who is/are against the point that pilots need to be armed?
A. Pilots
B. Federal agents
C. The administration
D. Two members of the House Transportation Committee
54. What does the word infamous mean?
A. not famous
B. well known for something bad
C. well known for something exciting
D. well known for something permanent
55. Which one is NOT true according to the passage?
A. All the passengers are supposed to go through security checks.
B. All the airport workers are supposed to go through security checks.
C. All the flight crews are supposed to go through security checks.
D. Not all the federal officials are supposed to go through security checks.
Part Ⅳ Cloze (10%)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet:
When an invention is made, the inventor has three possible 56 of action open to him: he can give the invention to the world by publishing it, keep the idea 57 , or patent it.
A 58 patent is the result of a bargain 59 between an inventor and the state, but the inventor gets a limited period of monopoly and publishes full details of his invention to the public after that period 60
Only in the most exceptional circumstances 61 the lifespan of a patent 62 to alter this normal process of events.
The longest extension ever 63 was to Georges Valensi; his 1939 patent for color TV receiver circuit was extended until 1971 because for most of the patent' s normal life there was no color TV to 64 and thus no hope for reward for the invention.
Because a patent remains permanently 65 after it has terminated, the shelves of the
library attached to the 66 office contain details of literally millions of ideas that are free for anyone to use and, if 67 than half a century, sometimes even re-patent. Indeed, patent experts often advise anyone 68 to avoid the high cost of conducting a search through 69 patents that the one sure way of violation of rely other inventor's right is to plagiarize a dead patent. Likewise, because publication of an idea in any other form 70 invalidates further patents on that idea, it is traditionally 71 to take ideas from other areas of print. Much modern technological advance is 72 on these presumptions of legal security.
Anyone closely 73 in patents and inventions soon learns that most "new" ideas are, in fact, as old as the hills. It is theft reduction to commercial practice, either through necessity or dedication, or through the availability of new technology, 74 makes news and money. The basic patent for the theory for magnetic recording dates back to 1886. Many of the original ideas behind television originate 75 the late 19th and early 20th century. Even the V olkswagen rear engine car was anticipated by a 1904 patent for a cart with the horse at the rear.
56. A. work B. possibility C. measures D. courses
57. A. open B. covered C. secret D. improved
58. A. granted B. granting C. inventing D. invented
59. A. striking B. struck C. to be striking D. to strike
60. A. terminating B. continuing C. continues D. terminates
61. A. are B. to be C. be D. is
62. A. extending B. will extend C. extended D. to be extended
63. A. granted B. granting C. to grant D. being granted
64. A. receiving B. sending C. receive D. send
65. A. public B. secret C. close D. concealed
66. A. customer B. commerce C. patent D. television
67. A. longer B. older C. weaker D. younger
68. A. wished B. refusing C. refused D. wishing
69. A. live B. dead C. working D. recording
70. A. temporarily B. suddenly C. permanently D. sharply
71. A. dangerous B. undesirable C. safe D. terrible
72. A. constructed B. sent C. anticipated D. based
73. A. involving B. involved C. contained D. containing
74. A. which B. when C. that D. where
75. A. with B. off C. before D. from
Part V Writing (20% )
Directions: In this part, you are asked to write a composition on the title of "Effect of China' s Entry into WTO on Ph. D Program in China" with no less than 200 English words. Your composition should be based on the following outline given in Chinese. Put your composition on the ANSWER SHEET.
1．中国加入WTO后，博士研究生的培养也会受到一定程度的影响。
2．探讨一下会产生哪些方面的影响，是积极的还是消极的影响等。
3．你个人的看法如何。
清华大学2003年博士研究生入学考试英语试题
参考答案与解析
Part I Listening Comprehension
（略）
Part Ⅱ Vocabulary
16. [答案] B
[解析]本题应选B。依据题意：这个手迹写于至少100年前，字迹褐色自然难以辨认了，可知B项：难辨认的、字迹模糊的最合题意。其他三项A项：无限的；C项：有传染性的、易感染的；D项：免疫的均不正确。
17. [答案] D
[解析]本题应选D。依据题意：一个真正客观公正的事件观察者，可知D项：公平的、不偏不倚的最合句意，其他三项：A项：被动的、冷漠的；B项：天才、天赋；C 项：天才、天赋均不正确。
18. [答案] A
[解析]本题应选A。备选项中A项：失败、落空；B项：被分散的、散布的；C项：活动、运行；D项：取代、代替，依据该句的意思：她因辛苦的工作没有得到欣赏而沮丧，只有A最合题意，例：The terrible weather frustrated our hopes of going out. (恶劣的天气使我们外出的愿望无法实现。)
19. [答案] B
[解析]本题应选B。备选项中A项：差异，多样性；B项：碎片，断片；C项：教条，学说；D项：干旱，缺乏。依据该句的意思：飞机在空中突然爆炸，裂成了碎片，只有B最合题意，例：Rochester assures her it is only a bad dream, but in the morning Jane finds the ripped fragments of. (罗切斯特安慰她说这只是一个恶梦，但清晨简却发现了被撕破的婚纱碎片。)
20. [答案] D
[解析]本题应选D。备选项中A项：半球；B项：轻视；C项：争论；D项：层次，
层级。依据该句的意思：依据该句的意思：因为社会等级森严，人人都知道自己在社会中的角色，只有D最合题意，例：There is a hierarchy in the classification of all living creatures. (一切生物均可按等级分类.)
21. [答案] A
[解析]本题应选A。备选项中A项：[时间]过去、流逝；B项：辨别、看清楚；C 项：不满意的；D项：使充电、使电气化。依据该句的意思：自从我们最后一次在国际互联网交流会见面以来，三年已经过去了，只有A最合题意，例：Months had elapsed before I heard from my friend again.（好几个月过去后我才再次收到我朋友的信。）
22. [答案] D
[解析]本题应选D。备选项中A项：沉迷于酒色的、消散的；B项：分叉、分歧；C项：分开的、分离的；D项：捏造、虚构。依据该句的意思：为了欺骗他的朋友们，他竟然捏造了所有的事情，只有D最合题意，例：The reason he gave for his absence is obviously fabricated.（他提出的缺席理由显然是瞎编的。）
23. [答案] C
[解析]本题应选C。备选项中A项：碎片，残骸；B项：缺乏，不足；C项：理解，感知；D项：迫害。依据该句的意思：他非常清楚机器出了什么毛病，一会儿就把它修好了，只有C最合题意，例：My perception of the problem is quite different. (我对这个问题的理解则完全不同。)
24. [答案] A
[解析]本题应选A。备选项中A项：永久的；B项：善说服的；C项：独特的；D 项：所有的，物主的。依据该句的意思：十年来关于水的问题一直未被解决，我们开始想这已是一个永久性的问题，只有A最合题意，例：She's tired of their perpetual chatter. (她对他们没完没了的闲谈感到厌倦。)
25. [答案] C
[解析]本题应选C。备选项中A项：啄食；B项：导向；C项：感到不安；D项：划桨、搅拌。依据该句的意思：昨晚外面的噪音搅得他不得安宁，无法集中精神学习，只有C最合题意，例：She didn't seem to be perturbed by the setback.（她似乎并不为这次挫折感到不安。）
26. [答案] C
[解析]本题应选C。备选项中A项：操作、操纵；B项：伐木、笨重的行动；C项：干涉；D项：乱丢垃圾。依据该句的意思：他总愿意干涉别人的事，而这些事跟他毫无关系，只有C最合题意，例：Believe you me, the government won't meddle with the tax system. (我向你保证, 政府绝不会干预税收制度的。）
27.[答案] B
[解析]本题应选B。备选项中A项：亚麻布；B项：欺骗、诡计；C项：经度、经线；D项：天堂。依据该句的意思：他设法骗她2000美元，只有B最合题意，例：He obtained our trust by deception.(他靠欺骗获取了我们的信任。)
28. [答案] D
[解析]本题应选D。备选项中A项：推论、演绎出；B项：使潮湿、使沮丧；C项：减少、贬低；D项：注定、命定的。依据该空缺处的意思：某事是注定的，只有D最合题意，例：She supposed she was destined for marrying him. (她认为命中注定要嫁给他的。)
29. [答案] B
[解析]本题应选B。备选项中A项：压缩；B项：使终结；C项：符合、一致；D 项：竞争、主张。依据该空缺处的意思：解除贷款协议只有B最合题意，例：terminating chain.(有终止的链)。
30. [答案] A
[解析]本题应选A。备选项中A项：压抑、压迫；B项：拥挤的；C项：面临、对抗；D项：起重机。依据该句的意思：房间里全是人和烟，她开始觉得热的难受，只有A最合题意，例：The tyrant who oppressed the people was finally overthrown. (压迫人民的暴君终于被推翻了。)
31. [答案] C
[解析]本题应选C。备选项中A项：概念上的；B项：考虑周到的；C项：最佳的，最理想的；D项：组成的、构成的，依据该句的意思：语言专家认为学习外语的最佳年龄为6岁，只有C最合题意。
32. [答案] A
[解析]本题应选A。备选项中A项：掷、抛、扔；B项：飞翔、飘扬；C项：夹住、夹紧；D项：猛撞、冲击。依据该句的意思：她非常生气，在屋里乱扔衣服，只有A 最合题意，例：She flung the book onto the bed. (她将书使劲往床上一扔。)
33. [答案] B
[解析]本题应选B。备选项中A项：警告；B项：逃逸；C项：喋喋不休的谈；D 项：文明的。依据该句的意思：他知道自己的错误很严重，将会受到严惩，因此他前天就逃跑了，只有B最合题意，例：They fled from the blazing house. （他们从燃烧的房子里逃了出来。）
34. [答案] A
[解析]本题应选A。备选项中A项：消除；B项：例证；C项：使便利、推动；D 项：发出、释放。依据空缺处的意思：被彻底消除，只有A最合题意。
35. [答案] D
[解析]本题应选D。备选项中A项：努力、尽力；B项：减少、还原；C项：断言；
D项：说服、促使。依据该句的意思：我们都知道说服他放弃计划是很困难的，只有D 最合题意，例：We couldn't induce the old lady to travel by air. （我们无法劝服那老太太乘飞机旅行。）
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
36. [答案] D
[解析]本题应选D。infrequently意思是：罕见地，稀少地，在文章第一段最后一句已提到：Rains may only come once in five or six years or not fall for a decade or more．The Mojave desert in the United States remained dry for twenty-five years.由此可知沙漠地区不是不降雨，而是五、六年或十多年下一次雨，也就是说很少降雨，所以选D。选项A、
B、C与文意均不相符。
37. [答案] B
[解析]本题应选B。在第二段第三句中说到There are virtually no clouds or trees to protect the earth’s surface and it can be burning hot．Under the sun，soils break up and
crack…由此可知沙漠地区的地面容易裂开是因为没有云，没有树保护地面，而使地面受到曝晒才裂开的，说明了地面是缺乏保护的，而B项正说明了此意。A、C、D三项均与文意不符。
38. [答案] A
[解析]本题应选A。在第二段第六行提到，即Throughout history deserts have been expanding and retreating again.备选项中A项正是这样的说明，大意是一些肥沃的地方以前曾经是沙漠，而现在的沙漠以前也曾经是沃土和绿洲，选项B、C、D均不合文意。
39. [答案] C
[解析]本题应选C。在第二段中提到，即Twenty million square kilometers，an area twice the size of Canada，is at a high to very high risk of becoming desert．With a further1．25 million square kilometers under moderate risk．从中可知2000万平方公里的土地面临着成为沙漠的高危险，其中125万平方公里的土地有中度危险，所以选C。选项A、B、D 均与文意不符。
40. [答案] C
[解析]本题应选C。大意是这是一个非常令人担忧的问题。在最后一段的最后一句话说明了，即At this rate there is a high risk that we will be confined to living on only 50％of this planet’s land surface within one more century unless we are able to do something about it，从中可以看出如果不采取措施我们将会面临着很严重的危机，所以C项符合题意。选项A、B、D三项均不是作者的观点。
41. [答案] C
[解析]本题应选C。在文章第一段的最后一句中Indeed，its user can at once be a receiver and sender of broadcast—a confusing property，but mind-stretching!显示了mind-stretching，意思是说在网络上人们可以是信息接受者也可以是发布者，这很让人迷惑，但是却对人的思维有很高要求，从中可推论出选项C是正确的。
42. [答案] B
[解析]本题应选B。文中第八行提到“It became a great tool for writers but a terrible one for other creative activities such as sketching，painting，notating music，or even mathematics．”这句话的意思是：对作家来说是有利的工具，但对其他创造性的活动则是不利的工具。通过上文可知，答案应是B。
43. [答案] D
[解析]本题应选D。在文章最后一段中提到“Thus，the small efforts of the man—the seniors—complement the large efforts of the few—the teachers．”大意是说小学请来年长者作为顾问，所以是年长者努力帮助小学生，与D项“是谁努力帮助小学生呢？”意思相衔接，所以选D。
44. [答案] A
[解析]本题应选A。本题可用排除法，选项B、C、D都说的是关于网络的内容，而A并不是，其大意是这些老人也感觉到了自己的价值，该项对网络的内容并未提及，所以正确选项应为A。
45. [答案] C
[解析]本题应选C。其大意是处理某事物不全面，而scratch the surface的意思是：只接触表面，两者意思相符，所以选C。附：scratch的意思是：乱涂、抓、擦、刮、挖出。
46. [答案] A
[解析]本题应选A。选项B、C、D都是laboratory experiments的结果，在第二段第二句中提到，即：Even at quite low concentrations there is a reversible fall in lung function, an increase in the irritability of the lungs and evidence of airway inflammation (发炎) ，大意是即使浓度非常低，也会导致肺功能的降低，导致肺的过敏性增强，并引发导氮管发炎。所以正确选项应为A。
47. [答案] C
[解析]本题应选C。在文章第二段中提到，即Although irritable and inflamed lungs are particularly seen in people with asthma(哮喘)and other lung diseases，these effects of ozone also occur in healthy subjects．从中可推出健康的人也会患肺气肿，由此可说明选项A、
B、D均与文意不符，所以选C。
48. [答案] D
[解析]本题应选D。在文章中提到：Groups of children attending school camps show falls in lung function even at quite low concentrations of ozone，由even at quite low concentrations of ozone可得知选项A、B、C都有导致肺部病原因的可能，所以不是导致lung disease的原因的选项应为D。
49. [答案] D
[解析]本题应选D。该项说的是：这些疾病和烟雾之间的关联还有待验证，这在文中已提到，即It is suspected that long-term exposure to smog may result in chronic bronchitis(支气管炎)and emphysema(肺气肿)，but this has yet to be proven，所以选项A、
B、C都是不正确的。
50. [答案] C
[解析]本题应选C。文章内容提到，最近发现北美空气中微粒的浓度与死亡率之间存在联系，但是原因尚不知晓，然而在澳大利亚并未发现此类现象。这可以在文章中找到原文：“Recently an association has been found between the levels of particles in the air and death rates in North American cities．The reason for this association is not understood and as yet there is no evidence this occurs in Australia．所以，答案是C。
51. [答案] B
[解析]本题应选B。可用排除法来选择，选项A、C、D都是逮捕雇员的原因，而B 项在文中并未涉及，所以选B。也可依据“Hundreds of employees with access to high-security areas at 15 U．S．airports have been arrested or indicted by federal law enforcement officials for using phony Social Security numbers，lying about criminal convictions or being in the United States illegally.”来考虑。
52. [答案] C
[解析]本题应选C。在文中提到：security screeners failed to detect knives 70％ of the time，guns 30％of the time and simulated explosives 60％ of the time．这正说明了该题的实际问题：在危险物品方面，数据显示安检仪的检测效果。所以C项是正确的。而D 项的意思与文意相反，A、B选项与文意不符。
53. [答案] C
[解析]本题应选C。从文章内容可以得知pilot的代表群体坚持认为他们的成员需要被武装，作为他们最后一道安全线。反对武装pilot的是administration。在文中原话为：Two members of the House Transportation Committee are pushing to reverse the administration’s opposition to arming pilots because groups representing pilots are insisting that their members need to be armed as a last line of defense．所以，答案为C。
54. [答案] B
[解析]本题应选B。问题中infamous的意思是：声名狼藉的，从选项中来看只有B 项最符合题意，选项A、C、D均与文意不符。
55. [答案] B
[解析]本题应选B。本题要求选择的是不正确的一项，由文意可得知：因为all airport workers没有经过安全检查，所以人们建议应当对他们进行检查。这在第五段也提到了，Some people in the industry wisely have suggested that all airport workers be required to pass through the same metal detectors and other security checks as flight crews do，所以选B。
Part ⅣCloze
56. [答案] D
[解析]本题应选D。备选项中A项：职业、[物]功、工作、劳动、手工、操作、作品、机件；B项：可能性、可能发生的事物；C项：测度、估量、测量、分派、权衡、调节；D项：方针、路线。依据上下文意思：发明家有三个选择或路线，要么公开发表，要么不公布，要么注册专利，备选项中只有D符合句意，所以选D。
57. [答案] C
[解析]本题应选C。本句大意是发明者将发明密而不发，所以选项中只有C [secret]最符合句意，keep…secret意思是将某事保守秘密，而其他三项A：打开；B：隐蔽着的，掩藏着的；D：改良的，均不合句意。
58. [答案] A
[解析]本题应选A。该空缺需要填的是一个形容词，依据该句大意是已经被批准的专利，所以根据各选项的意思只有A[granted]是已经被批准、被授予的意思。grant多用作及物动词，意思是：同意、准许、授予，invent的意思是发明、创造，不合句意。59. [答案] B
[解析]本题应选B。备选项中均为strike的各种表示形式，但是在该句话中应选B[struck]，用它做定语来修饰bargain。其实整个句子中略了which is，完整句子是：a bargain which is struck between an inventor and the state，依据该句，所以选B。
60. [答案] D
[解析]本题应选D。备选项中terminate意思是停止、结束、终止；continue意思是继续、连续、延伸；依据该句大意：发明家先有一段垄断时期，这段时期结束以后就要把发明的所有细节公诸于众，又因是after引导的从句，所以答案为D。
61. [答案] D
[解析]本题应选D。从句子来看，它是由only引导的倒装句，状语在句首，真正主语是the lifespan of a patent，是个单数，因此谓语也应为单数形式，所以选is。
62. [答案] C
[解析]本题应选C。该句的正常语序为The lifespan of a patent is extended to alter this normal process of this events，所以本题应选C。
63. [答案] A
[解析]本题应选A。本题应选granted，用来修饰extension，意思是被批准的最长的时间延长，与58题的用法类似。
64. [答案] C
[解析]本题应选C。依据该句意思，to后面应接动词原形，所以选receive，表示接收，大意是：有个人的彩电线路专利被延长了很多年，是因为一直以来没有彩电来“接收”这一线路。
65. [答案] A
[解析]本题应选A。在上文已表明：专利在一定时期结束之后是要公诸于众的，所以选A。
66. [答案] C
[解析]本题应选C。依据文章大意，可得知该句说的是专利办公室的图书馆里有无数的专利信息可供人们自由使用，所以选C。
67. [答案] B
[解析]本题应选B。该空缺应选older than，可依据全文大意，推出该句说的意思是如果专利的时间超过了50年还应该再注册。
68. [答案] D
[解析]本题应选D。本题可从两方面来入手，结构上来看，应用动名词做定语，因为修饰anyone的成份是wishing to avoid a high cost，意思上来看，应选wish而不选refuse，可依据大意：人们当然是愿意通过剽窃专利以避免高额的研发费用推知。
69. [答案] A
[解析]本题应选A。该空缺选live，依据是本句的意思，即：人们想避免在仍有效的专利中搜索的高额费用，可能有人会去剽窃a dead patent。
70. [答案] C
[解析]本题应选C。根据该句的意思：某一观点的任何形式的公开发表都会使这一观点的其他专利无效，可以得知本空缺的正确选项。
71. [答案] C
[解析]本题应选C。文章内容指出，有人在同一个领域里发表注册了某一观点，那么其他人再在同一个领域里发表注册同一观点也就无效了，只有从别的领域里提取观点才是安全的。所以，答案是C。
72. [答案] D
[解析]本题应选D。备选项中，A、B、C三项均不能与on搭配，所以只有选D，即：base on建立在……基础上。
73. [答案] B
[解析]本题应选B。依据本句的结构，此处缺定语，而involved in是固定搭配，sb. be involved in sth.意思是某人涉及某事，所以，答案是B。
74. [答案] C
[解析]本题应选C。该空应选that起强调作用。用来强调theft reduction，可以调整句子结构来看，即：It is theft reduction to commercial practice that makes news and money．所以，答案是C。
75. [答案] D
[解析]本题应选D。依据该句的意思：大部分电视机方面的最初观念都源于19世纪末和20世纪初，可知本题应选from，originate from为固定搭配，其意思是发源于、来源于。
Part Ⅴ Writing
Effect of China' s Entry into WTO on Ph. D Program in China
It is no doubt that positive and negative effects on various fields will be more and more notable after Chinese joining WTO. One of these fields that would soon feel the influence following China’s long-dreamed entering of WTO is China’s higher education. The reason is that with the deepening of globalization, higher education as a special type of service surely would more and more be considered in terms of international trade.
In my opinion, the influence on Ph . D programs in China will be as follows:
The positive effects can be discussed in three aspects. The first one is when something new is brought into our programs, it will make our programs closer to the frontiers in various research projects. Second, Chinese universities and research institutions providing PhD programs can learn a lot from their counterparts, which will be beneficial to Ph. D candidates because they will be easily exposed to what is happening in foreign countries. Third, if Chinese PhD program providers can take a student-centered approach, China’s own PhD program would be as competitive as their rivals in the face of severe competition from abroad.
Besides the positive effects, there is also one negative effect that is worthy to pay attention to. “Brain drain” will appear if some foreign programs enter China powerfully. The living and working conditions offered by foreign universities and research institutions are so attractive that the flow of talents will increase dramatically.
Altogether, I’m convinced that China's entry into WTO will be helpful to Ph. D education.
SCRIPT
Part I Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear three people discussing university life. Listen to the discussion about reading assignments, essays, lectures, and seminars. Complete the table by writing in the difficulties they have with reading, writing essays, listening to lectures and having seminars. Write no more than three words for each answer. Circle the letters of your choices for questions 9 and 10. You will hear the recording twice.
Lisa: Oh, hello, Olaf. I haven't seen you for ages. How are things going?
Olaf: Hello, Lisa. Hi, Sasha. Well, it's great studying here, but some things take quite a bit of getting used to. It's not like studying in my country.
Sasha: Oh, I know! In my country we used to go to lectures and get the lecturer's notes, and then we'd use those to write our essays. Here, we have to read so much. I just can' t keep up with it all. How do you find the reading, Lisa?
Lisa: Well, I agree, there is a lot to read. But I don't mind that. In fact, I like the reading. My problem is that I want to read more and more, and there isn't the time. And that creates a problem with the essays for me. Look at this assignment, for example. I'm supposed to discuss rational choice models for my economics essays in three thousand words. I could write a book on that topic! How am I supposed to cover it in just three thousand words? Why do they have to impose a
word limit, anyhow?
Olaf: Weft, Lisa, remember, it's just an undergraduate essay. I know what Sasha means about having too much to read. I think the most difficult thing with the reading for me, though, isn't the quantity, but all the new words. Words like "hegemony" and "teleology" that you need to understand thoroughly. I'm always being told by my tutors that I'm using them wrongly in my essays. And when I try to use them in the same way as the reading, my tutors say it's plagiarism.
Sasha: I have a problem like that, too. You know, listen to the lectures and read the books and articles, and then you're supposed to come up with your own ideas for the essays[ You're so full of everyone else's ideas where are you going to get your own frem7 I spend hours planning an essay, and by the time I get to actually writing it all down, the deadline is up! I'm always having to ask for an extension. What about you, Lisa? You usually get good marks for your essays.
Lisa: Yes, that's true, but I'm always doing the final draft in a hurry, and then the teachers complain that they can' t read my handwriting. And that' s another thing I never seem to manage enough time for my lectures. And they' re always so early in the morning. I can' t ever get out of bed in time for a nine o' clock lecture.
Olaf: Well, isn't that because you go to so many parties, Lisa7 If you don' t get home until one or two in the morning, how can you ever expect to be awake for a lecture?
Sasha: If you ask me, that wouldn' t make any difference ! Most of the lecturers are so boring, they put you to sleep anyhow! Why can't they make the lectures more interesting? After all, a lot of the subjects are fascinating, but the lecturers, hake them sound boring.
Lisa: At least you can't say that about seminars. They're really interesting, and I think I get most benefit from them. You always find the other students have read different books and articles, and so you get lots of new information in a seminar.
Olaf: Yes. that's true, Lisa, but I still don't enjoy them because people disagree with each other all the time, an, t I don't like that. I don't like to bear people arguing. It really bothers me] Sasha: Oh, Olaf! You're supposed to argue in a seminar! And I really appreciate the chance to do that. Where I come from, women aren't supposed to argue or answer back. I do have to admit, however, that I get very nervous about having to give presentations. You know, when you have to read a paper, that' s really scary !
Lisa: Oh, Sasha, I can't believe that. That last paper you gave was so professional. In fact, I think you could do a better job than the lecturers.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear a long talk about nonverbal communication. As you listen to the talk, you should take brief notes to answer the five questions below. Try to answer the questions as clearly as possible. Remember, you may have different answers to some of the questions. You will hear the recording once only.
M: This is the kind of lecture you would hear in an introductory psychology course. This lecture is concerned with nonverbal communication and how it differs from verbal communication.
Part 1
W: Okay, everyone, let's talk about communication. When I say communication, most of you probably think about verbal communication, that is, the words we use when we talk to someone. However, there is another important aspect to communication: nonverbal communication, which is communication done by using our bodies, gestures and tones of voice.
What is nonverbal communication, and how do we study it? Originally, scientists called this field "kinesics." That's spelled K-I-N-E-S-I-C-S. This may be a new word for you. Kinesics is the scientific study of body movements used in communication. By movements, I mean gestures, facial expressions, eye behavior, the gaze of the eyes, and posture. In addition to these movements, we also communicate with our speech rate, that is, how fast we talk, and the volume of our speech: how loudly we talk. Nonverbal communication encompasses a wide range of actions. Umm... the field of kinesics owes a great deal to one man, Raymond Birdwhistle. His name is Bird whistle, B-I-R-D-W-H-I-S-T-L-E. Birdwhistle was quite a famous American anthropologist. He estimated that about 70 % of what is communicated in a conversation is nonverbal. Birdwhistle began his studies of nonverbal communication in the early 1950s. And, since he established this field of study, many other and psychologists have devoted their time to nonverbal communication. In any case, let' s look more hlosely at some of Birdwhistle' s ideas.
It was Birdwhistle' s belief that the meaning of nonverbal behavior depended on the context in which it occurred. How and where certain types of nonverbal behavior appeared, not just the particular behavior alone. Take facial expressions, for example: frowns, smiles, raised eyebrows, and so on. We all use these things to convey many different meanings. However, those meanings are determined largely by the situations that we are in, and by the relationships we have with the people we are communicating with. In other words, the same expressions, say a smile or a frown, can have different meanings.
What does a smile mean? What does it mean if I smile at you? Well, it could mean that I like you. It could mean I' m just trying to make you feel comfortable, That might be a way of being polite. It might mean I think you said something silly or funny. That would be a kind of feedback.
Stop the tape and answer the questions.
M: Let's continue with Part 2, in which we will hear about three differences between verbal and nonverbal communication.
Part2
W: Next, let's take a few minutes to explain how verbal and nonverbal communication differs.
Actually, I would like to go into five different points. The first point I would like to discuss is that spoken languages differ between countries, or even from one place to another within the same country. Most people seem to think that all nonverbal communication is the same everywhere. That is not true. It is not identical the word over, but some similarities do exist. Basic emotionsare, however, communicated in the same nor, verbal way throughout the world. Accordingly, these emotions are called universal emotions. Examples include emotions such as happiness, sadness,
fear, anger, things like that. Humans from different cultures express these emotions in the same nonverbal ways. Fear, for example, is universally expressed by opening the eyes very wide, opening the mouth and so on. Although we do have these universal emotions, it's also important to note that many nonverbal expressions of ideas and protocol do often vary from one culture to the next. Think about how people from different cultures act when they meet for the first time. This type of greeting is done very differently, depending on where they are. In some cultures, people shake hands, while in others, people bow. Some people may hug, and yet others may make a particular hand gesture when they first meet.
Second, although we know a great deal about the system that spoken language uses, namely, grammar, we still do not know much about nonverbal roles in any one society, much less how the rules might interact across cultures. In other words, scientists have yet to fully understand the grammar of nonverbal communication. A big problem in figuring out this nonverbal grammar is that it is ambiguous. As Birdwhistle said in the 50s, the same nonverbal action can mean many different things depending on the situation or the culture. This is not as much of a problem in spoken language, because it is less ambiguous. Nonverbal communication may never be fully understood.
The third difference is that we have dictionaries for spoken language where we can look up any unknown word and have the meaning explained to us. There is nothing like that for nonverbal communication. Let' s look at an example. If you go to a foreign country, and somebody makes a gesture with their hand that you don' t understand, can you check a book for the meaning of that gesture? Generally speaking, it is impossible. Dictionaries or reference books for these nonverbal meanings just don't exist. Sometimes the same gesture even has different meanings in different cultures. Here in the United States, we make a circle with our thumb and first finger, and this means "OK". In Japan, this means "money." And in South America, this gesture has a sexual meaning. There's a funny, or actually embarrassing story about this particular gesture.
Stop the tape and answer the questions.
M: Let's continue with Part 3, in which we'll hear about the last two differences between verbal and nonverbal communication.
Part 3
W: Now, let' s go on to the fourth difference, clarification. Although we can ask of clarification or repetition of what someone says, it is practically impossible to do the same with nonverbal communication. For example, it would be very strange to ask, "Could you repeat that smile again?" Or, "What does that facial expression mean?" Thus we have to understand nonverbals the first time. Repetition is generally not a possibility.
To finish up, although we can conceal our true thoughts and feelings with spoken language, it' s difficult, or maybe even impossible to do so with nonverbal communication. For instance, we can’t stop ourselves from blushing if we' re embarrassed, or sweating if we' re very nervous. And we can' t slow down our heartbeat if we' re scared. Because of this, sometimes the things we say and the things our bodies say, our verbal and nonverbal communication, are different.
第二部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分35分) 第一节单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15 分) 请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 21. Every time I feel like giving up, my mother is turning up, saying hopes remain, there will be ways out. A. until B. though C. unless D. while 22. It seems to have him that I was the one who introduced him to the professor, with whose help he is a now famous physician. A. avoided B. rejected C. escaped D. removed 23. Event morning, time credits you with 86,400 seconds, and every night it , as lost, whatever of this you have failed to invest to good purpose. A. writes off B. turns off C. puts off D. takes off 24. —You didn’t go to Malaysia, why? —I was scheduled to start, this morning, but I to Shanghai because of the eruption of volcano there. A. am going B. will go C. was going D. would go 25. It is reported that North Korea is going to change its Amy Day to Feb. 8th and observe its 40th one day before the opening of the Winter Olympics, which shocks the whole world. A. skillfully B. athletically C. illegally D. precisely 26. If their populations continued to grow as fast as the past few years, the living conditions, traffic, public services, and especially the consumption of water and generation of garbage unbearable. A. would soon become B. soon became C. would have soon become D. had soon become 27. The main social between unbalanced and inadequate development and the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life is what we must face up to. A. conflict B. contribution C. controversy D. contradiction
清华大学自主招生保送生 考试物理试题 The Standardization Office was revised on the afternoon of December 13, 2020
2009 年清华大学自主招生保送生测试 物理试题 考试时间：2009年1月2日上午9：00 说明：考试时间90 分钟，考生根据自己情况选题作答，满分300 分（数学物理化学各100分），综合优秀或单科突出给予A 的认定。 一．单项选择题 1.设理想气体经历一热力学过程，该过程满足 2 1pV 常量。则当气体体积从V1 变化到V2=2V1时，气体的温度从T1变化到____ 。 A 12T B 12T C 1T /2 D 2/1T 2. 两个热力学过程的PV 图如图所示，则两过程中_____。 A.均放热 B.均吸热 C.甲过程放热，乙过程吸热 D.甲过程吸热，乙过程放热 二．填空题
1一水平圆盘可绕通过其中心的固定竖直轴转动，盘上站着一个人.把人和圆盘取作系统，当此人在盘上随意走动时，若忽略轴的摩擦，此系统守恒量有___________ 3.如图，已知AB 间等效电阻与n 无关，则______x R R =。 4. 如图，一个理想单摆，摆长为L ，悬点下距离为a 处有一小钉子。则小球在左右两段振动时的振幅之比_______A A =左 右 。 ， 5. 英国在海拔200m 的峭壁上建了一个无线电收发站（发射塔高忽略不计），发出波长5m 的无线电波。当敌机距此站20km 时，此站接收到加强的无线电信号，反射信号的一束经海拔125m 处的反射。已知此反射海拔为所有加强信号的反射海拔中最小的，则下一个加强信号的反射海拔为_________。 6. 波长为200nm 时，遏止电压为。则波长为500nm 时，遏止电压为________。 C D
云南省曲靖市沾益区四中2019届高三英语9月入学考试试题 （考试时间：120分钟，满分：150分） 第Ⅰ卷（选择题） 第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节：（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What will the boy probably eat next? A. An apple. B. Vegetables. C. Chocolate cake. 2. When did Tom finish work? A. At 10:00. B. At 6:30. C. At 4:30. 3. What is the doctor’s advice? A. Come back in two days. B. Take some medicine. C. Stay home from school. 4. How does the woman feel? A. Surprised. B. Tired. C. Relaxed. 5. Who has been to Yellowstone National Park? A. The woman. B. The man’s uncle. C. The man’s sister. 第二节：（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中
B11. He didn’t keep on asking me the time any longer as he had had his watch . A. to repair B. repaired C.repairing D. repair C12. Grandma has no water, please ________ some for her. A. take B. carry C. fetch D. bring D13. Rarely _______ so difficult a problem. A. she could have faced with B. could have she faced with C. she could have been faced with D. could she have been faced with D14. This restaurant always _______ delicious dishes. A. gives B. offers C. have D. serves A15. There is _______ sugar. You needn’t go to buy any. A. plenty of B. a large number of C. a great many D. plenty B16. The factory has done good honour to the government and the people around so that visitors come to it ___________. A. in number B. in larger numbers C. to the number D. by number A17. There aren't many pandas ________ in the world today. A. alive B. living C. lively D. lived B18. Such electron tubes ________ in a radio set are also found in a TV set. A. that we use B. as we use C. as we use them D. that we use them A19. you don’t like him is none of my business A.What B.Who C.That D.Whether C20. He looked quite healthy though he was . A. in seventy B. in his seventy C. at seventies D. at the age of seventy C21. Please ______ me at the station on time. A. meeting B. to meet C. meet D. met B22. Jane, what do you think of Mr. Green? As ______ teacher, he ought to set _______ good example to the pupils. A. the ; a B. a ; a C. a ; the D. / the D23. Hao long has this bookshop been in business? 1982 A. After B. In C. From D.Since A24.Here’s my card. Let’s keep in A. Touch B. relation C.connection D.fiendship B25. Please telephone me half an hour _______. A. in charge B. in advance (提前) C. in time D. in front A26. Don’t get off the bus until it ________. A. has stopped B. stopped C. will stop D. shall stop A27. Two weeks allowed for making the necessary preparations. A. was B. were C. are D. have been B28. She is always the first __________to school. A. coming B. to come C. to have come D. having come A29. this book and tell me what you think of it. A.Look though(纵览) B.Look on C.Look into D.Look up A30. His report on the space exploration was really ________. A. exciting B. excited C. excitement D. excitedly C31. The roof fell he had time to dash into the room to save his baby . A. after B. as C. before D. until B32. He usually a bus to work instead of going by taxi. A. takes B. carries C. gets D. sits C33. An expert, together with some assistants, to help in the work. A. were sent B. are sent C. was sent D. have been sent A34. The three children looked after their sick mother__________. A. in return B. by turn C. in turn D. being done C35. Get to the top of hill, ______ you can see the whole city. A. or B. but C. and D. so Passage one The Internet has led to a huge increase in credit－card (信用卡) fraud.Your card information could even be for sale in an illegal web site（非法网站）. Web sites offering cheap goods and services should be regarded with care. On－line shoppers who enter their credit－card information may never receive the goods they thought they bought.The thieves then go shopping with your card number—or sell the information over the Internet. Computers hackers (黑客) have broken down security（安全）systems, raising questions about the safety of cardholder information. Several months ago, 25,000 customers of CD Universe, an on－line music retailer (零售商) , were not lucky. Their names, addresses and credit－card numbers were posted on a Web site after the retailer refused to pay US $157,828 to get back the information. Credit－card firms are now fighting against on－line fraud. Mastercard is working on plans for Web－only credit card, with a lower credit limit. The card could be used only for shopping on－line. However, there are a few simple steps you can take to keep from being cheated (欺骗). Ask about your credit－card firm’s on－line rules: Under British law, cardholders have to pay the first US $78 of any fraudulent (欺骗性的) spending. And shop only at secure sites; Send your credit－card information only if the Web site offers advanced secure system. If the security is in place, a letter will appear in the bottom right－hand
蒙阴县实验中学 2019—2020 学年度上学期期末考试 高三英语试题 2020.1 （满分：120 分） 注意事项: 1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。 2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改 动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上。写在 本试卷上无效。 3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分阅读( 共两节，满分 50 分) 第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、 D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Apple Seeds Circulation (发行量): 1 Year, 9 Issues Cover Price: MYM 44.55 Price For You: MYM 33.95 Product Description: Apple Seeds is an award-winning magazine filled with stories for kids aged from 7 to 9. The cover is very soft, providing durability (耐用性) that allows each issue to beenjoyed for many years to come. Besides, there is a big surprise for you—it's being sold at a morefavorable discount than usual.Better LifeCirculation: 1 Year, 12 Issues Cover Price: MYM 44.55Price For You: MYM 15.00Product Description: Designed for those who have a strong interest in the personal lifestyle,Better Life is America's complete home and family service magazine. It offers help with food,recipes, decorating, building, gardening, family health, money management, and education.Humor TimesCirculation: 1 Year, 12 IssuesCover Price: MYM 36.00Price For You: MYM 11.95 Product Description: Humor Times magazine is for those who love to laugh! Full of cartoons and humor columns, it shows up in your mailbox once a month and keeps you smiling all year round! In today's world, you need a reason to laugh. So let's find it in Humor Times. News ChinaCirculation: 1 Year, 12 IssuesCover Price: MYM 47.88Price For You: MYM 19.99 Product Description: News China magazine is the English edition of China Newsweek. The magazine covers the latest Chinese domestic news in politics, business, society, environment, culture, sports and travels, etc. It is the first comprehensive news magazine for readers interestedin China. 1．What do we know about Apple Seeds? A．You can receive it every month if you purchase it. B．The soft cover enables it to be read and kept long. C．It offers the biggest discount among all the magazines. D．The magazine is going to surprise you for many years. 2．Better Life can help you in ________. A．beautifying your house B．finding interesting stories for your kids C．ordering food from restaurants
清华大学博士研究生新生奖学金管理规定（试行） （2010年6月13日研究生院办公会讨论通过） 第一章 总 则 第一条 为进一步提高博士生培养质量，优化生源结构，激励博士生安心学习和研究，提升博士生的科研创新能力，学校决定设立“博士研究生新生奖学金”（以下简称“博士新生奖”）用于资助优秀博士研究生新生。 第二条 “博士新生奖”面向全校所有学科当年拟录取的全日制学术型非委托非定向博士研究生新生设立，设奖比例向文史哲数理化生等基础学科倾斜。 第三条 “博士新生奖”的经费由学校负责筹集，奖励标准为30，000元/人，全校每年奖励名额为100人左右。 第二章 评 定 第四条 “博士新生奖”的评定遵循“公平、公正、公开”的原则。 第五条 “博士新生奖”由研究生院全面负责管理，相关部门和院系协助落实。 第六条 研究生院按照当年博士研究生招生计划和学科特点提出分院系“博士新生奖”当年奖励限额，院系自主决定本单位当年直博生、硕博连读生和普博生的奖励限额。 第七条 “博士新生奖”的评定工作于每年博士生复试录取阶段开展，按直博生、硕博连读生、普博生三类分别在相应时间实施。 第八条 各院系研究生招生工作领导小组负责本院系“博士新生奖”评定工作，校研究生招生工作领导小组负责审批。 第九条 “博士新生奖”获奖名单应在相关院系网站和清华大学研究生招生网公示，公示时间不少于7个工作日。对“博士新生奖”评审结果有异议者，可在公示期内向研究生招生办公室提起书面申诉。研究生院审核后提出处理意见，通知相关单位和个人。 第十条 公示无异议后，由研究生院正式发布“博士新生奖”获得者名单。 第三章 发 放
第十一条 “博士新生奖”由校财务处在新生入学报到后第一学年内按10个月每月3000元发放。 第十二条 博士生出现下列情况之一者取消“博士新生奖”: 1. 因各种原因退学者； 2．违反校纪受到处分者； 3. 必修课考试成绩不及格者； 4. 在学术研究中有弄虚作假行为者； 5. 在科研工作或实验中造成重大损失者； 6. 其他有损学校声誉等行为者。 第十三条 获奖博士研究生在“博士新生奖”发放期间休学或停学者，其“博士新生奖”从休学或停学审批后第二个月起暂停发放。 第十四条 获得“博士新生奖”的博士生，在校学习期间同时享受博士生普通奖学金，可以申请减免学费以及“助教、助研、助管”等研究生三助岗位、学术新人奖、国际会议资助、学校综合奖学金或单项奖学金等。 第四章 附 则 第十五条 本规定经2010年6月13日研究生院办公会讨论通过，自2011级博士研究生开始施行。 第十六条 本规定由研究生院负责解释。
英语试题 本试卷分第I卷和第II卷两部分。满分150分。考试用时120分钟。考试结束后。将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、座号、准考证号填写在答题卡和试题卷规定的位置上。 2．第I卷每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改 动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。答案不能答在试题卷上。 3．第II卷必须用0.5毫米黑色签字笔作答，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案； 不准使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。 第Ⅰ卷（三部分，共115分） 第一部分：听力部分（共三节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有l0秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A．?19.15．B．?9.15．C．?9.18. 答案是B。 1.Which is Not true about the man? A. He works hard B. He drinks and smokes a lot C. He is healthy. 2. How did the woman feel when she heard t he news? A. She is glad B. She was angry C. She was upset. 3. When does the next bus leave? A. At 9:10 B. At 9:15 C. At 9:20 4. What do you think of Jane’s job? A. Good B. Very bad C. Not very good. 5. What does the man mean? A. He is unable to help the woman. B. He is very glad to offer his help. C. He promises to think about how to help the woman. 第二节（共15小题；每小题l.5分，满分22.5分） 请听下面4段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试题卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 请听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。 6. How did the woman like the lecture? A. She thought it interesting B. She thought it useless C. She thought it important. 7. What’s the woman’s opinion about future power? A. New machines will be invented to work on coal mines.
郑州大学远程教育学院入学测试机考 专升本大学英语模拟题 1、One of my teeth is so ______ that it is going to be missing soon.（） A．lose B．loose C．loss D．lost 标准答案：B 2、—How about taking a walk —Oh, I think it’s ______ cold for a walk. （） A．very much B．too much C．much too D．so much 标准答案：C 3、You are supposed to write your composition every ______ line.（） A．one B．a C．other D．another 标准答案：C
4、After living for years in a big city, they found it difficult to settle ______ in a town.（） A．for B．at C．up D．down 标准答案：D 5、The reason for my absence was ______ I had fallen ill.（） A．why B．because C．for D．that 标准答案：D 6、Only with your help, such difficulties in the field. A. can we overcome B. we can overcome C. should we overcome D. We should overcome 标准答案：A 7、The ski resorts are usually crowded. There are many people skiing. A. enjoy B. that want C. who enjoy D. want
2019—2020学年度高三校际联合检测 英语 2020．01 本试卷共三部分，共10页。满分120分。考试时间100分钟。 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将答题卡上交。 第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Barbican Art Gallery A world-class arts and learning center，the Barbican pushes the boundaries of all major art forms including dance，film，music，theater and many visual arts from Egypt．Tickets： Adult：￡10 online／￡12 at the door 13-17 years old：￡6 online／￡8 at the door Children aged 12 and under：Free Opening Times： Sat．—Wed．：10 a．m．—6 p．m．；Thu．—Fri．：10 a．m．—9 p．m． Review by Laura Miller：I have just watched To Kill a Mockingbird here．The play and actors were fantastic．Nice and clean ladies’toilets with hot water．During the interval，they were selling the usual ice cream and drinks．Not all staff were friendly，but most were．I would come again to watch another show or even the same one． The British Museum
2010年清华大学自主招生数学试题 一、选择题：本大题共10小题，每小题3分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的． 1. 设复数2 1a i w i +??= ?+?? ，其中a 为实数.若w 的实部为2，则w 的虚部为（ ） A 、3 2- B 、12 - C 、 12 D 、 32 2. 设向量a ，b 满足1a b ==，a b m ?=，则a tb +（R t ∈）的最小值为（ ） A 、2 B C 、1 D 3. 如果平面α，β，直线m ，n ，点A ，B 满足：αβP ，m α?，n β?，A α∈，B β∈，且AB 与α 所成的角为4π，m AB ⊥，n 与AB 所成的角为3 π ，那么m 与n 所成角的大小为（ ） A 、3π B 、4π C 、6π D 、8 π 4. 在四棱锥V -ABCD 中，1B ，1D 分别为侧棱VB ，VD 的中点，则四面体11AB CD 的体积与四棱锥V -ABCD 的体积之比为（ ） A 、1:6 B 、1:5 C 、1:4 D 、1:3 5. 在ABC △中，三边长a ，b ，c 满足3a c b +=，则tan tan 22 A C 的值为（ ） A 、1 5 B 、14 C 、12 D 、 23 6. 如图，ABC △的两条高线AD ，BE 交于H ，其外接圆圆心为O ， 过O 作OF 垂直BC 于F ，OH 与AF 相交于G ．则OFG △与GAH △面积之比为（ ） A 、1:4 B 、1:3 C 、2:5 D 、1:2 7. 设()ax f x e =（0a >）.过点(),0P a 且平行于y 轴的直线与曲线C ：()y f x =的交点为Q ，曲线C 过点 Q 的切线交x 轴于点R ，则PQR △的面积的最小值是（ ） A 、1 B C 、2 e D 、2 4 e A E C O G H B D F
【2019最新】高三英语入学摸底考试试 题卫星班(1) 说明： 1.本试卷分不包含听力，满分120分，考试时间100分钟。 2.将选择题答案代表字母填（涂）在第II卷的答题表（答题卡）中。 第一部分听力（略） 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The Costa Book Awards consistently pick winners that are both of the moment and subsequently endure. It’s our pleasure to confirm this year’s Category Winners. First Novel Award Winner
Book: Eleanor Oliphant is Completely Fine Author: Gail Honeyman Biography Award Winner Book: In the Days ofRain Author: Rebecca Stott Poetry Award Winner Book: Inside the Wave Author: Helen Dunmore To be alive is to be inside the wave, always travelling until it breaks and is gone. These poems are concerned with the borderline between the living and the dead — the underworld and the human living world - and the acutely intense being ofboth. Children’s Award Winner Book: The Explorer Author: Katherine Rundell, Hannah Horn 21.What kind of life does Eleanor lead? A. boring and lonely. B. funny and touching.
大学英语模拟考试试题 Company number：【0089WT-8898YT-W8CCB-BUUT-202108】
郑州大学远程教育学院入学测试机考 专升本大学英语模拟题 1、One of my teeth is so ______ that it is going to be missing soon.（） A．lose B．loose C．loss D．lost 标准答案：B 2、—How about taking a walk —Oh, I think it’s ______ cold for a walk. （） A．very much B．too much C．much too D．so much 标准答案：C 3、You are supposed to write your composition every ______ line.（） A．one B．a C．other D．another 标准答案：C
4、After living for years in a big city, they found it difficult to settle ______ in a town.（） A．for B．at C．up D．down 标准答案：D 5、The reason for my absence was ______ I had fallen ill.（） A．why B．because C．for D．that 标准答案：D 6、Only with your help, such difficulties in the field. A. can we overcome B. we can overcome C. should we overcome D. We should overcome 标准答案：A 7、The ski resorts are usually crowded. There are many people skiing. A. enjoy B. that want C. who enjoy D. want 标准答案：C 8、Would you like to the United States A. trip B. voyage C. going
2021年高三英语期末考试试卷 本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。考试结束，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 注意事项： 1．答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内。 2．选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。 3．请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。 4．作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。 5．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。 第I卷（选择题，共100分） 第一部分：听力部分（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What do we know about the man? A．He is sick today. B．He can’t e to the meeting. C．He forgot to deliver a message. 2．What does the woman mean? A．She forgot the plate had been broken. B．The man doesn’t have to buy a new plate. C．She can’t help the man look for a new plate. 3．What will the man probably do next Friday? A．Go to the station by car. B．Drive the woman’s car home. C．Take the woman to the station. 4．What will the weather be like on Sunday? A．Rainy.B．Windy.C．Cloudy. 5．How will the speakers spend the afternoon? A．By having a coffee. B．By playing basketball. C．By going to the movies. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
[高考]清华大学自主招生试题 清学华大年自主招生华华2009 摘要,文中“华华能否擦拭掉华史的华垢～恢华其本面目,”华然有华回答,能来两 或不能。华华华一华～华例华华……并 中英文华合;200分, 1.华文部分;95分, 甲文,白居易的粉华;9分, 1、华解华什华是“白居易华象”。 2、“文章已华行人耳～一度思卿一华然。”一句中的“文章”指的是什华, 3、华至呼华“白舍人行华华”的根据是什华, 4、作者到“打华整部中文史上～大如此呼吸相通～生息相华～写国学与众声 气真很与另相华～心神相交的文人～华是少华有他相匹华者。”作者似乎有感慨～作者感慨的是什华哪 乙文,4年前巴华的邂逅;与奥11分,;略, 1、华具华明文中“如同巴华所期待的那华”指的是什华,体奥 2、下文华巴华华华华后的演华～华华明文中“我”的作用和下文中安奥当?尼克松?华伯的作用分华是什华, 丙文,华史华华;与13分,;略, 1、文中“华华能否擦拭掉华史的华垢～恢华其本面目,”华然有华回答,能或来两 不能。华华华一华～华例华华。并
2、“在押往集中华的火华上～华法华出了令人心的一封明信片。华～不 她揪她她 知道的孩子在哭泣～在华,他要死了华,希望有人去照料一下的孩子她挨她她啊,华明信片华在就在博物华里展出。份"作者华华例子的目的是什华,个 3、如果《中华展年华》要增加一华“城市华华”～华做一华解华。;国个条你个30字以内, 丁文,华华油华华了华,;画气12分,;略, 1、最后华华华华意又是“华方式”的～华理解,怎 2.式微一华出自,的意思是什华,哪它 1 3、文中架上油意思相同的华华有些,;华出,与画哪写两个 4、华华油仍是华华华中魅力存的主流华式。在作者看～原因是什华画画 犹来 甲--丁文,作文 1、下面的华都是原文相华的华华～华华其中的与5～做华华的解华。;个 5分, IT 粉华华华小化气涂众 2、上面四篇文章是华自某一期华华的某一版面～华华华版面华一华～华 明你个个称并 你构的想;800字左右,;45分, 2.英华部分;80分, 1、10华华华～华出一句华～其中一华华～华个将个划从A、B、C、D中华出华华意思与划相近的华。;10分, 2、10华华华华～高中大华华度。;个10分,