现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时与一般过去
现在完成时
构成“have/has done”
1.现在完成进行时表示从过去到现在的一段时间内某个动作一直在持续, 到现在为止, 该动作可能已不
再持续, 也可能还在进行。这要根据上下文来确定。句中常含有表示一段时间的状语。
She is very tired. She’s been typing letters all day.她很累了。她整天都在打信件。
(现在可能仍在打字, 也可能刚刚停下。
I’ve been working for the company for 15 years.我已经在这家公司干了15了。
(可能仍在这家公司, 也可能刚换工作或退休。
2.现在完成进行时还可以表示到现在为止经常重复的动作：
吉姆上个星期天天晚上都给詹妮打电话。
3.现在完成进行时态还可以用于抱怨：
过去完成时
构成“had done”
一、过去完成时有两种基本用法：“段”的用法和“点”的用法
1. “段”的用法—表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时刻之前开始, 一直延续到这一过去时刻, 甚至还可能继续延续下去。这种用法通常见于延续性动词作谓语, 且常和表示时间段的状语连用。如：
She looked rather pale. She had been ill for two weeks.
2. “点”的用法—表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时刻之前（已经）发生或完成（即过去之过去）。有时仅表示两个（或两个以上）动作或状态在时间上的先后关系, 有时也包含前者与后者的联系或对后者的影响意义。这种用法多见于非延续性动词作谓语, 且常和表示时间点的状语连用。如：
When they got to the cinema, the film had already begun.
注意：过去完成时“点”的用法, 大多都不与表示时间段的状语连用。
3. 过去完成时的特殊用法
过去完成时有时还可以表示在过去某一时刻之前错误的或无根据的观念、推测、想象等, 或用来表示结果证明未能实现的计划、打算、愿望等。常见的能用于这种结构的动词有：
think, suppose, expect, imagine, hope, want, intend, mean和plan等。如：
I had thought he was well until you told me the truth.
现在完成进行时
构成“have/has been +现在分词”
用法
(1)表示动作从过去某时开始, 一直延续到现在
现在完成进行时常和all this time, this week, this month, all night, all the morning, recently等状语以及since和for引导的状语连用。
She has been reciting the words all the morning.她整个上午都在背单词。
(2)表示动作刚刚结束
My clothes are all wet. I've been working in the rain.我的衣服全湿了, 我刚才一直在雨中干活。
(3)表示一个近期内时断时续、重复发生的动作
You've been saying that for five years.这话你已经说了五年了。
(4)表达较重的感情色彩
What have you been doing to my dictionary?看你把我的字典弄成什么样子了!
现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时与一般过去时的比较
一、现在完成时和现在完成进行时的比较
1.它们的区别主要是通过上下文和所使用的动词来看一件事仍在进行还是已经完成：
I’ve been painting the room.我一直在油漆这个房间。
I’ve painted the room.我已经油漆过这个房间了。
从以上两个句子中可以看出, 第一个句子里, 工作尚未完成；第二个句子里, 这项工作已经完成了
2.某些动词, 如learn,lie,live,rain,sit,sleep,stand,study,wait,work等本身就有持续性, 故常用于带有since
或for的完成进行时；以及how long开头的疑问句中。
I’ve been sleeping for at least
我已经睡了至少8个小时了, 可还是觉得累。
How long have you been waiting here？你在这儿等多久了？
以上的两个句子也可以使用一般现在完成时, 可以说I’ve slept 和have you waited。惟一的区别是, 进行时形式更强调动作的持续性。
二、现在完成时与过去完成时的区别
现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去, 以现在的时间为基点, 侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响, 与现在有关, 其结构为“助动词 have (has) +过去分词”；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态, 以过去时间为基点, 它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去, 更强调“过去的过去”, 只有和过去某时侯或某一动作相比较时, 才用到它。
比较：I have learned 1,000 English words so far. 到目前为止, 我已经学了1000个英语单词。
I had learned 1,000 English words till then. 到那时为止, 我已经学了1000个英语单词。
三、一般过去时与过去完成时的区别
虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态, 但在使用时应注意以下几点：
1. 时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。
2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时, 谓语动词动作发生的时间先后需依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时, 后发生的则用一般过去时。
3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and或but连接时, 按时间顺序, 只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外, 在 before, after, as soon as引导的从句中, 由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后, 因此也可以用一般过去时来代替过去完成时。
[高考示例]
【例1】—I have got a beadache.
—No wonder. You________in front of that computer too long.
A.work
B.are working
C.have been working
D.worked
答案:C。本题考查动词现在完成进行时时态的用法。强调动作从过去一直持续到现在, 并且还在持续进行。因为该句的语境表示说话者“在计算机前一直工作, 时间太长, 所以头疼了”。
【例2】Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she ________ English for a year.
A. studies
B. studied
C. is studying
D. has been studying
点拨：答案选D。“Cathy is taking notes of……”主句是现在进行时表示Cathy正在学校学习, 强调该学习动作从过去一直持续到现在, 并且还在持续进行一年。因此选用现在完成进行时。
【例3】I___________there little more than a week when I set to work with the scientist.
A.would be
B.have been
C.had been
D.will be
点拨：答案为C。本题考查动词现在完成时的用法。因为该句的语境强调：“我开始和这科学家来那儿工作不足一周时间”。
【例4】I got caught in the rain and my suit____.
A. has ruined
B. had ruined
C. has been ruined
D. had been ruined
点拨:答案选C。根据语境I got caught in the rain, 说明我（从过去）遇到了雨, 我的衣服已经被雨淋湿。因此, 选用现在完成时的被动语态是正确的。
【例5】When you get the paper back, pay special attention to what ________ .
A. have marked
B. have been marked
C. had marked
D. had been marked
点拨:答案选B。what和mark之间有动宾关系, 句意是：拿回试纸时, 注意所给的分数。分数是已给在试纸上的, 因此选用现在完成时的被动语态。
【例6】The coffee is wonderful!It doesn’t taste like anything I_______before.
A. was having
B. have
C. have ever had
D. had ever had
点拨：答案为C。本题考查动词现在完成时态的用法。因为该句表示时间的副词before常常用在现在完成时态的句子中。
【例6】Tom ______ in the library every night over the last three months.
A. works
B. worked
C. has been working
D. had been working
分析：C。over the last three months 的意思是“在过去的三个月期间”, 这类时间状语通常通常与现在完成时或现在完成进行时连用, 四个选项中只有C符合此要求。又如：
Food and drink culture in Britain is surely changing, has surely changed over the last two decades. 在英国, 饮食文化肯定正在不断地发生着改变, 并且在过去二十年中肯定已发生过不少变化。
【例7】Now that she is out of a job, Lucy ______ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.
A. had considered
B. has been considering
C. considered
D. is going to consider
分析：B。根据but she hasn’t decided yet (尚未决定) 可知, 从开始失业时起一直在考虑再去上学, 现在还在考虑。表示从过去某一时刻开始一直到现在, 并且现在依然在发生的动作, 用现在完成进行时, 现在完成进行时由“have/has been doing”构成, 所以选B。
【例8】I won’t tell the student the answer to the math problem until he ______ on it for more than an hour.
A. has been working
B. will have worked
C. will have been working
D. had worked
分的：A。has been working 为现在完成进行时, 是许多中学生不太熟悉的一种时态, 因此要想通过分析句子直接从正面选出答案可能有一定困难。但是, 如果我们用排除法来分析, 则问题变得很简单：首先, 由于until引导的是时间状语从句, 根据“主将从现”原则, 当主句为将来时态时, 时间状语从句不能直接用将来时态来表示将来意义, 据此可排除B和C; 而选项D为过去完成时, 也不能选, 因为“过去完成时”必须以“过去”为支点, 表示“过去的过去”, 但此句并没有过去时态这一支点, 故此选项也被排除。
【例9】Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she ______ English for a year.
A. studies
B. studied
C. is studying
D. has been studying
分析：D。根据句中的现在进行时可排除B, 再根据句中的for a year可知选现在完成进行时最佳。【例10】—I have got a headache.
—No wonder. You ______ in front of that computer too long.
A. work
B. are working
C. have been working
D. worked
分析：C。由于在电脑前工作太久, 所以导致了现在头痛的结果, 故空格处应填现在完成时或现在完成进行时, 即答案选C。
【例11】—I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.
—I think so. He ______ for it for months.
A. is preparing
B. was preparing
C. had been preparing
D. has been preparing
分析：D。根据句中的…will win the first prize in the final可知, 决赛还没有举行, 所以下文谈到的“准备”指的肯定是从过去一直持续到现在的情况, 故用现在完成进行时。
【例12】Excuse me, Marcia, a reporter from Vanity Fair ______ all day. Could you speak to her now?
A. phones
B. has phoned
C. has been phoning
D. phoned
分析：C。根据句中的时间状语all day和谓语动词phone的特点（为非延续性动词）可知, 句子应用进行时态（表示动作不断重复）, 而选项中只有C为现在完成进行时。句意为：玛西娅, 打搅你一下, 有
名来自《名利场》的记者一整天都在打电话来, 你现在能和他说说吗？又如：She is very tired. She’s been typing letters all day. 她很累了。她整天都在打信件。
【例13】Over the past decades, sea ice ______ in the Arctic as a result of global warming.
A. had decreased
B. decreased
C. has been decreasing
D. is decreasing
分析：C。介词短语“over the past [last]+时间段”的意思是“在过去的……时间中”, 它指的是从过去某时持续到现在的一段时间, 所以通常与现在完成时或现在完成进行时连用, 故答案选C。句意为：过去几十年来, 由于全球变暖, 北极的海冰正慢慢消融。又如：Technology in this field has matured considerably over the last decade. 这一领域的技术经过过去10年的发展已经相当完善。
【例14】—Why, Jack, you look so tired!
—Well, I ______ the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.
A. was painting
B. will be painting
C. have painted
D. have been painting
分析：D。现在完成进行时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作。在此题中, 由于“一直在刷油漆”, 所以才导致“看上去非常疲惫”, 故选D最符合句意。
【例15】Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she ______ since her marriage to Father.
A. shoulders
B. shouldered
C. is shouldering
D. has been shouldering
分析：D。根据空格后的since可知, 此处谈论的是从过去一直持续到现在的情况, 故用现在完成进行时最合适。
【例16】Joseph ______ to evening classes since last month, but he still can’t say “What’s your name?” in Russian.
A. has been going
B. went
C. goes
D. has gone
分析：A。根据句中的since可知, 空格处应填完成时态, 故可排除B和C；根据句意, 空格处填现在完成进行时比填现在完成时更合适, 因为它更强调“一直在做某事”。又如：He has been working since noon. 他从中午就开始工作了。He was taken ill and no wonder, considering he has been overworking for years. 他生病了, 也难怪, 多少年他一直过度辛劳。
【例17】I have to see the doctor because I ______ a lot lately.
A. have been coughing
B. had coughed
C. coughed
D. cough
分析：A。根据句中“不得不要去看医生”这一信息可知, “咳嗽”这一现象现在还在持续, 由此可排除B 和C；比较A和D, 显然用现在完成进行时才能更好地表示从过去一直持续到现在的情况, 故选A。
【例18】—Hi, Tracy, you look tired.
—I am tired. I ______ the living room all day.
A. painted
B. had painted
C. have been painting
D. have painted
分析：C。表示从过去某个时间开始一直延续到现在的动作, 要用现在完成进行时。all day 是关键词。【例19】We ______ on this project for four hours. Let’s have a rest.
A. are working
B. have been working
C. worked
D. had worked
分析：B。根据句中的let’s have a rest（我们休息一下吧）可知, 连续工作四个小时导致我们现在很累了, 所以用现在完成进行时比较合适。
现在完成时与现在完成进行时练习
B. Complete the following sentences with the right form of the verbs given.
1. You know, I ________ (look) for a job for three months, and this is my first formal interview.
2. My sister ________ (stay) in Beijing for three months last year.
3. The little boy is dirty all over because he ________ (play) in the mud all the morning.
4. I ________ (wonder) if you were free this afternoon.
5. Here he is! We ________ (wait) anxiously for him since last night.
C. Make the best choices.
( )1. —I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.
— I think so. He ________ for it for months.
A. is preparing
B. was preparing
C. had been preparing
D. has been preparing
( )2. By the time he realizes he ____ into a trap, it’ll be too late for him to do anything about it.
A. walks
B. walked
C. has walked
D. had walked
( )3. So far this year we _______ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.
A. saw
B. see
C. had seen
D. have seen
( )4. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she______ English for
a year.
A. studies
B. studied
C. is studying
D. has been studying
( )5. Danny _________ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular.
A. works
B. is working
C. has worked
D. had worked
( )6. —I have got a headache.
—No wonder. You_________ in front of that computer too long.
A. work
B. are working
C. have been working
D. worked
( )7. The unemployment rate in this district_______ from 6% to 5% in the past two years.
A. has fallen
B. had fallen
C. is falling
D. was falling
( )8. Now that she is out of job, Lucy ___ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.
A. had considered
B. has been considering
C. considered
D. is going to consider
( )9. —______ you ______ him around the museum yet?
—Yes. We had a great time there.
A. Have ; shown
B. Do ; show
C. Had; shown
D. Did; show
( )10. —Hi, Tracy, you look pale.
—I am tired. I _______ the living room all day.
A. painted
B. had painted
C. have been painting
D. have painted
( )11. His sister left home in 1998, and________since.
A. had not been heard of
B. has not been heard of
C. had not heard of
D. has not heard of
( )12. Edward, you play so well.But I________you played the piano.
A. didn’t know
B. hadn’t known
C. don’t know
D. haven’t known
( )13. According to the literary review, Shakespeare________his charities live through their language in his plays.
A. will make
B. had made
C. was making
D. makes
( )14. Would you please keep silent? The weather report________and I want to listen.
A. is broadcast
B. is being broadcast
C. has been broadcast
D. had been broadcast
( )15. The population of Jiangsu________to more than twice what it was in 1949.The figure isnow approaching 74 million.
A. has grown
B. have grown
C. grew
D. are growing
( )16.— Ann is in hospital.
—Oh, really? I________know.I________go and visit her.
A. didn’t; am going to
B. don’t; would
C. don’t; will
D. didn’t; will
( )17. Excuse me, Marcia, a reporter from Vanity Fair____allday.Could you speak to her now?
A. phones
B. has phoned
C. has been phoning
D. phoned
( )18. I was out of town at the time, so I don’t know exactly how it________.
A. was happening
B. happened
C. happens
D. has happened
( )19. Over the past decades, sea ice________in the Arctic as a result of global warming.
A. had decreased
B. decreased
C. has been decreasing
D. is decreasing
( )20.—You speak very good French!
—Thanks.I________French in Sichuan University for four years.
A. studied
B. study
C. was studying
D. had studied
( )21.—Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend?
—Terry? Never! She________tents and fresh air!
A. has hated
B. hated
C. will hate
D. hates
( )22.—Got your driving license?
—No.I_______too busy to have enough practice, so I didn’t take the driving test last week.
A.was
B. am
C. have been
D. had been
( )23. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he_______from the university next year.
A. will graduate
B. will have graduated
C. graduates
D. is to graduate
( )24. I________in London for many years, but I’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China.
A. lived
B. have lived
C. had lived
D. was living
( )25.—What’s your opinion about my suggestion?
—Sorry, I________.Would you please say it again?
A. hadn’t listened
B. wouldn’t listen
C. wasn’t listening
D. didn’t listen
( )26. Although many measures________, the world’s economy is still going down.
A. were taken
B. have been taken
C. will be taken
D. are taken
( )27. Since the beginning of the vacation, I______across the country, and my next stop is the Wuyi Mountains.
A. had traveled
B. will travel
C. have been traveling
D. was traveling
( )28. Right now the government is trying to control the number of people who________by H1N1 flu.
A. have been affected
B. have affected
C. are affected
D. affect
( )29.—I saw Lucy and her boyfriend in the park at nine yesterday evening.
—Impossible.She________the Internet with me in my home then.
A. surfed
B. had surfed
C. would surf
D. was surfing
( )30. The employees ________that they should renew their contracts within a week.
A. advise
B. have advised
C. are advised
D. had been advised
过去完成时专题(含答案)含答案解析 一、初中英语过去完成时 1．I thought I _________in my project report , but the manager said he didn't see it at all. A. hand B. am handing C. have handed D. had handed 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：我以为我已经上交了我的项目报告，但是经理说他根本没有看到。hand上交，是一个动词原形；am handing是现在进行时态；have handed现在完成时态；had handed过去完成时态。句中I thought使用的是一般过去时态，而根据句意可知，上交项目报告应该发生在这之前，故应使用过去完成时态，选D。 【点评】考查动词的时态，本题涉及过去完成时的应用。 2．— How long has the train been away? — Sorry. I don't know. By the time I got here, the train ________. A. has left B. was leaving C. had been away D. had left 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：——火车离开多久了？——很抱歉。我不知道。我到这儿的时候，火车已经离开了。由By the time I got here可知该用过去完成时，所以选C。 【点评】考查动词时态。 3．By the time I locked the door, I realized I my keys at home. A. had repaired B. had changed C. had forgotten D. had left 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意为“到我锁门的时候，我才意识到把钥匙忘在家里了”，表示“把某物遗忘在某处”要用leave。该动作发生在realized之前，用过去完成时，故选D。 【点评】本题考查过去完成时的用法。 4．Seeing Danel went into the classroom with tears in his eyes, I asked him what . A. happened B. had happened C. would happen D. was happened 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：看着丹尼尔哭着跑进教室，我问他发生了什么。根据动词asked 一般过去时可知，动词happen的动作发生在asked之前，表示过去的过去，用过去完成时had+过去分词。故选B。 【点评】本题考查过去完成时，注意掌握过去完成时的结构had+过去分词。 5．Tom by the time I got to the party.
` 高考真题探究（2006—2011年） 【2011全国卷I 28】Only when he reached the tea-house ______it was the same place he’d been in last year. A. he realized B. he did realize C. realized he D. did he realize 【答案】D 【考点】本题考察倒装句。 【解析】Only引导的状语从句位于句首，应把主句中动词的助动词提前构成部分倒装。【2011福建卷29】—It’s nice. Never before____ such a special drink! —I’m glad you like it. } have had B. I had C. have I had D. had I 【答案】C 【考点】考查时态及倒装。 【解析】never是否定副词，置于句首，句子要部分倒装；由语意可知说话人以前从未喝过这样特别的饮料，应该用现在完成时，故选C项。 【2011湖南卷32】Only after they had discussed the matter for a few hours _______a decision A. they reached B. did they reach C. they reach D. do they reach 【答案】B 【考点】本题考察only前置的倒装句。 : 【解析】Only引导状语从句前置，主句主谓要部分倒装。又因为从前文中的"had discussed"判断出是过去时间，故选B；句意：只有在他们讨论这个问题好几个小时之后他们才作出决定。 〖10江苏〗—Is everyone here —Not yet……Look , there_______ the rest of our guests! A. come B. comes C. is coming D. are coming
（英语）英语现在完成时真题汇编(含答案) 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．My mother a good example for me since I was young. A. was B. has been C. will be D. is 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：打小以来，妈妈就是我的好榜样。根据时间状语“since l was young”可知，主句应用现在完成时，表示动作从过去一直持续到现在。故选B。 【点评】考查动词的时态 2．My father ____ in a panda protection center for 10 years, so he knows a lot about panda. A. was working B. is working C. has worked D. will work 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：我父亲在熊猫保护中心工作了10年，所以他对熊猫很了解。由句中的语句for 10 years 提示可知，此句要用现在完成时，主语my father，助动词要用has，故选C。 【点评】考查现在完成时的基本结构及用法，注意根据句子的时间状语判断时态。 3．—How long can I _________ this book? —Five days. But you must return it on time. A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. kept 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意：——我能保留这本书多长时间？——五天。但是你一定要按时归还它。A,borrow借，瞬间性动词；B, lend接，是瞬间性动词；C,keep保留，是延续性动词；D,kept是过去式。此处与how long连用，故此处用延续性动词，位于情态动词can之后，故用动词原形keep，故选C。 【点评】本题考查延续性动词。以及borrow，lend，keep，kept四个词的词义和用法。 4．—They say there is a new restaurant near here. —Yes, and it ______ for more than a week. A. has been open B. open C. is opening D. opens 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：——他们说在这附近有一个新的餐馆。——是的，它已经开了一个多星期了。根据 for more than a week ，可知用现在完成时，have/has been done，故选A。 【点评】考查现在完成时，注意识记其标志词。 5．He ___________ for ten years.
外研版英语过去完成时中考真题 一、初中英语过去完成时 1．—Are you surprised at the ending of the movie? —No, because I ___________ the story. A. read B. will read C. have read D. was reading 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：—你对这部电影的结局感到惊讶吗？—不惊讶，因为我读过这个故事。根据语境判断，这本书已经读过，应该用现在完成时态来表示，故答案为C。 【点评】考查现在完成时态。主语为第一人称故动词应使用原形。 2．We are too tired. Please stop __________ a rest. A. to have B. having C. have D. has 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：我们是在太累了，停下来休息一下吧。stop to have a rest.固定搭配故选A 【点评】注意时态一致， 3．By the time the alarm clock went off, My mother had already _________. A. wake me up B. wake up me C. waken up me D. waken me up 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：闹钟响时，我妈妈已经把我叫起来了。根据句意，动词应用过去完成时，用had +动词的过去分词。wake up是动副结构，代词作宾语必须放中间，故选D。 【点评】考查本单元的目标句型，只要熟练背诵句型，找出答案很简单。 4．By the time I got to school, I realized that I ________ my backpack at home. A. have forgotten B. had forgotten C. have left D. had left 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：我到学校的时候，我意识到我把书包忘在家里。考查过去完成时。by the time：到…时候为止；通常引导一个时间状语从句，表示“到……的时候为止”主句则表示在此时间之前某个事件已完成。值得注意的是，当从句用过去时时，主句通常用过去完成时。Leave sth. Sp.：把…落在某地。结合句意和语境可知选D。 【点评】此题考查过去完成时的用法。 5．I thought I _________in my project report , but the manager said he didn't see it at all.
复习专题过去完成时经典例题 一、初中英语过去完成时 1．She_______ballet before she entered film industry. A. has practiced B. had practiced C. will practiced D. would practiced 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：在进入电影业之前，她练习跳芭蕾。本句考查过去完成时，在她进入电影业之前为“过去的过去”；即过去完成时；故选B。 【点评】考查过去完成时。 2．By the time I finished my homework，my mother ． A. slept B. has been asleep C. was asleep D. had been asleep 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】由上文“By the time ”和“ finished”可知此处应为过去完成时，故选D. 【点评】考查过去完成时。 3．The film when I got there． A. was on B. has been on C. had begun D. has begun 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】题中“I got there”表现的是过去时，且题意表达已经开始故为过去完成时，故选C. 【点评】此题考查过去完成时。 4．Everything he ____ away from him before he returned to his hometown. A. took B. had been taken C. had had been taken D. had taken 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意为：他所拥有的一切在他回家之前都被拿走了。根据题干中的before he returned to his hometown，可知主句的谓语动词要用过去完成时，又因everything 与take 之间存在动宾关系，且everything 作take 的宾语，谓语动词要用被动语态，过去完成时的被动语态的基本构成是had been +过去分词，第一个had表示拥有的意思，后面的had been taken是过去完成时的被动语态。故选C。 【点评】考查过去完成时的被动语态的基本构成。 5．The girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous, for she before.
高考英语现在完成时真题汇编(含答案)及解析 一、单项选择现在完成时 1．More and more cancer patients _________ in hospital owing to polluted environment and people’s bad lifestyles. A．treated B．have treated C．have been treated D．had been treated 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查时态语态。句意：由于被污染了的环境和人们糟糕的生活方式，越来越多的癌症病人正在医院里接受治疗。本句主语more and more cancer patients与动词treat构成被动关系，要使用被动语态；而且很多病人接受治疗是已经发生的事情，要用完成时表示，所以本句使用现在完成时的被动语态，故选择C项。 2．The disease is a huge blow for the farmers. Hundreds of them ______ their animals, livelihood and hopes destroyed and many others fear they _____ the same fate. A．have seen; will suffer B．saw; suffered C．had seen; was to suffer D．see; suffer 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 考查时态。句意：这种疾病对农民来说是一个巨大的打击。数以百计的人目睹了他们的动物、生计和希望被摧毁，还有许多人担心他们会遭受同样的命运。结合句意可知第一空用现在完成时态；第二空用一般将来时态。故选A。 3．She is a strong-willed woman and not once _______ in to any difficulty in her life. A．she has given B．did she give C．she gave D．has she given 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析:考查动词时态和倒装句。句意：她是个意志坚强的女人，一生中一次也没有向任何困难屈服过。And 连接的两个并列句中，否定副词 not once放在了第二个句子的句首，所以后面部分用部分倒装语序，此外第一句的时态是一般现在时，后句又出现了in her life，所以句子应该用现在完成时，表示到现在为止，故正确答案为D选项。 考点：考查动词时态和倒装句 4．The Reform and Opening-up, having passed its brilliant age of 40 years ,____the backward situation of the Chinese nation and influenced the world. A．change B．changes C．has changed D．have changed
最新过去完成时中考真题 一、初中英语过去完成时 1．By the time I locked the door, I realized I my keys at home. A. had repaired B. had changed C. had forgotten D. had left 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意为“到我锁门的时候，我才意识到把钥匙忘在家里了”，表示“把某物遗忘在某处”要用leave。该动作发生在realized之前，用过去完成时，故选D。 【点评】本题考查过去完成时的用法。 2．By the time I ________ on the TV, Beckham ________ two goals． A. turned; have scored B. turned; had scored C. had turned; have scored D. had turned; had scored 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：当我打开电视的时候，贝克汉姆已经进了两个球。本句是时间状语从句，by the time到…时候为止，用于一般过去时，可排除CD选项。从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时，需用“had+过去分词”结构，可排除A；根据句意结构，可知，故选B。 【点评】考查动词时态辨析题。 3．By the time I finished my homework，my mother ． A. slept B. has been asleep C. was asleep D. had been asleep 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】由上文“By the time ”和“ finished”可知此处应为过去完成时，故选D. 【点评】考查过去完成时。 4．When I got to school, I realized I ______ my backpack at home. A. left B. had left C. forgot D. had forgotten 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：当我到学校时，我才意识到我把双肩包落在家里了。把…落在…用leave，又因为是过去完成时，故选B。 【点评】考查把…落在…的用法。熟背句型。做题就很容易。
复习专题过去完成时常用的解题技巧 一、初中英语过去完成时 1．—We all went to the cinema except you last night. Why didn't you come? —Because I that movie twice. A. have watched B. had watched C. was watching D. would watch 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】“看过电影”这一动作发生在“没去影院”之前，是过去的过去，用过去完成时，故选B。句意是：—昨天晚上除了你之外我们都去电影院了，你为什么没来？—因为这部电影我已经看过两次了。 【点评】本题考查过去完成时的用法，表示过去的过去。 2．When I ______ the cinema, the film _______for ten minutes A. got to; has begun B. arrived at; has been on C. reached; had begun D. hurried to; had been on 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】这题考查时态，第一空几个选项都可以，第二空指“我到电影院之前电影已经开始5分钟了”，用过去完成时，又因为begin是短暂动词，不能和一段时间连用，所以选D。 【点评】要注意完成时态中的延续性动词的转换。 3．— Jack, would you like to see the new movie? — I'd love to, but I______ it already. A. am seeing B. will see C. see D. have seen 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：——杰克，你愿意去看这个新电影吗？——当然乐意，但是我已经看过了。由already可知是完成时，所以用have done。故选D。 【点评】本题考查完成时have done。 4．I thought I _________in my project report , but the manager said he didn't see it at all. A. hand B. am handing C. have handed D. had handed 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：我以为我已经上交了我的项目报告，但是经理说他根本没有看到。hand上交，是一个动词原形；am handing是现在进行时态；have handed现在完成时态；had handed过去完成时态。句中I thought使用的是一般过去时态，而根据句意可知，
高考英语现在完成时练习题及答案 一、单项选择现在完成时 1．All of her time _______ to carrying out a further study on the cause of Alzheimer’s disease since she left school. A．has been devoted B．devoted C．has devoted D．was devoted 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 考查时态。句意：自从她离开学校，她一直致力于对Alzheimer病因的进一步研究。此处since“自从---以来”，引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时态，主句用现在完成时态，且be devoted to“致力于---”，故选A。 【点睛】 1.since自从---以来（可做介词和连词），和现在完成时态连用。 He has lived here since he came. 自从他来到这里，就一直在这里住着。 2.It is /has been+一段时间+since 主语+一般过去时态+其他。自从做某事有多长时间了。 在这个句型中如果从句的动作是终止性动词，则表示从动作开始到现在多长时间了；如果从句的动作是持续性动词，则表示从动作结束到现在多长时间了。It is three years since he joined (终止性动词)the army.他参军有三年了；It is five years since he lived（持续性动词）here.他离开这有五年了。 2．--- Each of the students, working hard at their lessons, ______ the book. --- So have I. A．is reading B．has read C．reading D．reads 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查主谓一致和时态。句意：—努力学习的每个学生都阅读了这本书。—我也读了！根据第二句中的助动词have可知前句中也应该使用助动词have/has，主语each of the students 做主语，谓语动词使用单数形式，故B项正确。 【点睛】 主谓一致主要指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。对大多数人来说，往往会在掌握主语和随后的谓语动词之间的一致问题上遇到困难。一般情况下，主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则的支配：语法一致原则 (grammatical concord) 意义一致原则 (notional concord) 就近原则(principle of proximity)。“主谓一致”考查内容涉及名词单数或复数做主语、不可数名词做主语、不定代词做主语、并列结构做主语、特殊名词做主语时与谓语动词数的一致等。 列举如下用法： 1. 单数名词(代词)，不可数名词做主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词(代词)做主语，谓语
中考英语现在完成时真题汇编(含答案)及解析 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．— Hobo and Eddie the cinema to watch the film Zootopia. — Oh, that's why I can't find them now. A. have gone to B. have been to C. has gone to D. has been to 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】考查主谓一致。句意：——侯博和埃迪去了电影院看电影《疯狂动物城》。——哦，这就是为什么我现在找不到他们的原因。have gone to去了；been to去过。Hobo and Eddie作主语，谓语动词要用复数形式。所以选A。 2．—What great progress Huawei ________ in recent years! —No wonder it is widely known in all parts of the world. A. is making B. has made C. makes D. made 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：——华为近几年取得了多大的进步啊！——难怪它在世界的每个角落都出名。根据时间状语in recent years，近几年，可知动作从过去持续到现在，时态为现在完成时have/has+过去分词，故选B。 【点评】考查现在完成时。注意掌握现在完成时的结构have/has+过去分词。 3．My father ____ in a panda protection center for 10 years, so he knows a lot about panda. A. was working B. is working C. has worked D. will work 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：我父亲在熊猫保护中心工作了10年，所以他对熊猫很了解。由句中的语句for 10 years 提示可知，此句要用现在完成时，主语my father，助动词要用has，故选C。 【点评】考查现在完成时的基本结构及用法，注意根据句子的时间状语判断时态。 4．I scared of dogs ever since a dog hurt me when I was five years old. A. will be B. was C. have been D. would be 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】由since引导的从句可知主句应用现在完成时，故答案为C。句意是：自从我五岁时被狗伤过之后我就一直怕狗。 【点评】本题考查现在完成时的用法。
外研版英语真题过去完成时 一、初中英语过去完成时 1．By the first day of August, 2007, the PLA ________ for eighty years. A. founded B. has founded C. has been found D. had been founded 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：到2007年八月的第一天，中国人民解放军已经建立了八十年了。结合语境可知本句描述的是过去某时之前已经完成的动作，故用过去完成时态。主语是被建立的对象，故用被动语态，选D。 【点评】英语中的时态主要是借助于时间状语与上下文语境来进行判断。解答此类题型，首先要注意句子中的时间状语，如果没有则要通过分析上下文，结合语境来判断句子的时态。语态的判断主要是确定句子主语与谓语动词的关系。如果是主动关系则用主动语态，反之如果是动宾关系，则用被动语态，尤其要注意一些特殊动词的用法。 2．By the time I ________ on the TV, Beckham ________ two goals． A. turned; have scored B. turned; had scored C. had turned; have scored D. had turned; had scored 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：当我打开电视的时候，贝克汉姆已经进了两个球。本句是时间状语从句，by the time到…时候为止，用于一般过去时，可排除CD选项。从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时，需用“had+过去分词”结构，可排除A；根据句意结构，可知，故选B。 【点评】考查动词时态辨析题。 3．Yesterday when I _______ to the station, the train ______ already. A. got, had left B. got, has left C. had got, left D. got, left 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：昨天当我到达车站时，火车已经离开了。结合语境可知前文时间状语从句描述的是过去某时发生的动作，故用一般过去时态。下文，描述的是过去某时前已经完成的动作，故用过去完成时态，选A。 【点评】英语中的时态主要是借助于时间状语与上下文语境来进行判断。解答此类题型，首先要注意句子中的时间状语，如果没有则要通过分析上下文，结合语境来判断句子的时态。英语疑问句中一般具有时态上的对应关系，注意结合这一特点进行区分。 4．The boy was _____ on the ground and he had _____ bicycle behind the big tree. A. lying; laid B. lying; lay C. lay; lain D. lied; lied 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：这个男孩躺在地上，他把自行车放在了大树的后面。lie有两个意
复习专题过去完成时考点+例题_全面解析 一、初中英语过去完成时 1．Seeing Danel went into the classroom with tears in his eyes, I asked him what . A. happened B. had happened C. would happen D. was happened 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：看着丹尼尔哭着跑进教室，我问他发生了什么。根据动词asked 一般过去时可知，动词happen的动作发生在asked之前，表示过去的过去，用过去完成时had+过去分词。故选B。 【点评】本题考查过去完成时，注意掌握过去完成时的结构had+过去分词。 2．—Peter, _______ you _______ your homework? —Not yet, I'll do it at once. A. have; finished B. Did; finish C. Will; finish 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：——皮特，你完成作业了吗？——还没有，我马上做。根据Not yet, I'll do it at once.可知此处问你的作业完成了吗，所以句子时态用现在完成时，现在完成时的结构have+done，故选A。 【点评】此题考查句子时态。要根据上下文的联系确定句子时态。 3．We are too tired. Please stop __________ a rest. A. to have B. having C. have D. has 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：我们是在太累了，停下来休息一下吧。stop to have a rest.固定搭配故选A 【点评】注意时态一致， 4．Jake _____his key in the office so he had to wait until his wife _______ home. A. has forgotten … comes B. forgot… come C. had left… came D. had left…would come 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：杰克把他的钥匙丢在办公室了，因此他不得不等到他的妻子回家。结合语境可知前文描述的是过去某时前已经完成的动作，故用过去完成时态。下文指的是过去某时的动作，故用一般过去时态。选C。 【点评】英语中的时态主要是借助于时间状语与上下文语境来进行判断。解答此类题型，首先要注意句子中的时间状语，如果没有则要通过分析上下文，结合语境来判断句子的时
现在完成时和一般过去 时高考真题 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
现在完成时/一般过去时 （唐山一模） - How long _____ in Australia? - Eighteen months. I came back last spring. A.had studied B. have you studied B. C. do you study D. did you study (2005广东，28) Years ago we didn’t know this, but recent science ______ that people who don’t sleep well soon get ill. A.showed B. has shown B. C. will show D. is showing (2005 湖北,23) He was hoping to go abroad but his parents ______ that they won’t support him unless he can borrow money from the bank. A. were deciding B. have decided C. decided D. will decide （2010浙江，15） For many years, people electric cars. However, making them has been more difficult than predicted. A．had dreamed of B．have dreamed of C．dreamed of D．dream of （2011北京卷，32） - Bob has gone to California. - Oh, can you tell me when he _________ A. has left B. left C. is leaving D. would leaving （2011安徽卷）32. —I didn’t ask for the name list. Why ______on my desk —I put it there just now in case you needed it. A. does it land B. has it landed C. will it land D. had it landed （2010山东卷30）Up to now, the program ________ thousands of children who would otherwise have died. A. would save B. saves C. had saved D. has saved （2010重庆24）The book has been translated into thirty languages since it on the market in 1973.
m sorry to keep you wait ing. -Oh ,not at all. I ____ here only a few minu tes. been been be the sports meet might be put off. -Yes,it all depe nds on the weather. 've been told ' ve told ' m told told don ' t need to describe her several times. met met my glasses -Yes,I saw them on your bed a minute ago. you see you see n you see you see n is Jerry Goopr - ___ I saw you shak ing hands with him at the meet ing. 't you meet him yet 't you meet him yet Tracy,you look tired. -I am the liv ing room all day. pain ted bee n pain ti ng pain ted price ____ , but I doubt wheather it will rema in so. dow n go dow n gone dow n going dow n are you today -Oh,l ____ as ill as I do now for a very long time. 't feel ' t feeling ' t feel ' t felt won der why Jenny ____ us should have heard from her by now. 't written ' t write ' t write ' t written reports say peace talks betwee n the two countries ___ with no agreeme nt reached. broke n dow n broke n out broke n in broke n up he has lived with us for years,he ____ us much impressi on. 't left ' t leave ' t leave ' t left can you possibly miss the n ews It ___ on TV all day long. been been be 13. Nowthat she is out of a job, Lucy __________ going back to school, but she hasn ' t decided yet. con sidered bee n con sideri ng going to con sider has set a new record,that is,the sales of her latest book ___ 50 million. reached reached reachi ng reached patients ____ in hospital this year than last year. treated bee n treated bee n treated wi ndow is dirty. -I ____ for weeks. 't cleaned ' t clean ' t cleaned ' t been cleaned 17. I can ' t see any coffee in this it all been finished it all finished it all fini shed it all finish coffee is wonderful!It doesn ' t taste like anything I _____ before. hav ing ever had ever had of pounds ' worth of damage ______ by a storm which swept across the north of England last n ight. t you met him yet t you met him yet
最新过去完成时中考真题（word） 一、初中英语过去完成时 1．——Jim, did you take out the trash just now? ——No. By the time I came home it . A. have been taken out B. had taken out C. had been taken out 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】take out拿出，带出，by the time直到，came home是过去时，扔垃圾是发生在came之前的动作，过去完成时表示的是过去的过去。又有be+动词过去分词构成被动语态。had been+过去分词，含有被动语态的过去完成时。句意：Jim，刚才是你把垃圾扔了吗？不，我回来的时候垃圾已经被扔了。故选C。 【点评】考查被动语态及过去完成时的用法。 2．Simon ________ the piano for ages when he gave his first concert. A. has played B. is playing C. had played D. will play 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：西蒙举行第一次音乐会时，他已经弹了很多年钢琴了。根据时间状语when he gave his first concert.可知此处用过去的时态，表示先弹钢琴弹了很多年，然后开了音乐会，表示过去的过去，应该用过去完成时：had+动词的过去分词，故答案为C。 【点评】考查过去完成时。掌握过去完成时的意义（过去的过去）和构成：had+动词的过去分词。 3．—Peter, _______ you _______ your homework? —Not yet, I'll do it at once. A. have; finished B. Did; finish C. Will; finish 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：——皮特，你完成作业了吗？——还没有，我马上做。根据Not yet, I'll do it at once.可知此处问你的作业完成了吗，所以句子时态用现在完成时，现在完成时的结构have+done，故选A。 【点评】此题考查句子时态。要根据上下文的联系确定句子时态。 4．By the end of 2012, many buildings built in our city. A. have been B. have C. had been D. will 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：到2012年底，我们的城市里已经建成了很多大楼。Buildings是build这一动作的承受者，该用被动语态。而被动语态是由“be + 及物动词的过去分词”构
复习专题过去完成时专项练习题及答案 一、初中英语过去完成时 1．—We all went to the cinema except you last night. Why didn't you come? —Because I that movie twice. A. have watched B. had watched C. was watching D. would watch 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】“看过电影”这一动作发生在“没去影院”之前，是过去的过去，用过去完成时，故选B。句意是：—昨天晚上除了你之外我们都去电影院了，你为什么没来？—因为这部电影我已经看过两次了。 【点评】本题考查过去完成时的用法，表示过去的过去。 2．We are too tired. Please stop __________ a rest. A. to have B. having C. have D. has 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：我们是在太累了，停下来休息一下吧。stop to have a rest.固定搭配故选A 【点评】注意时态一致， 3．By the time I ________ on the TV, Beckham ________ two goals． A. turned; have scored B. turned; had scored C. had turned; have scored D. had turned; had scored 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：当我打开电视的时候，贝克汉姆已经进了两个球。本句是时间状语从句，by the time到…时候为止，用于一般过去时，可排除CD选项。从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时，需用“had+过去分词”结构，可排除A；根据句意结构，可知，故选B。 【点评】考查动词时态辨析题。 4．Before O'Shea hosted the Joy FM program in Beijing, he_______ in Hongkong for ten years. A. works B. has worked C. had worked D. would work 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意：O'Shea在北京主持Joy FM节目前，他已经在香港工作了10年了。根据Before O'Shea hosted the Joy FM program in Beijing可知，主持节目这个动作发生在过去，而在香港呆了十年是发生在过去的过去，时态要用过去完成时（had +过去分词），