高考英语现在完成时真题汇编(含答案)及解析
一、单项选择现在完成时
1．More and more cancer patients _________ in hospital owing to polluted environment and people’s bad lifestyles.
A．treated B．have treated
C．have been treated D．had been treated
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态语态。句意：由于被污染了的环境和人们糟糕的生活方式，越来越多的癌症病人正在医院里接受治疗。本句主语more and more cancer patients与动词treat构成被动关系，要使用被动语态；而且很多病人接受治疗是已经发生的事情，要用完成时表示，所以本句使用现在完成时的被动语态，故选择C项。
2．The disease is a huge blow for the farmers. Hundreds of them ______ their animals, livelihood and hopes destroyed and many others fear they _____ the same fate.
A．have seen; will suffer B．saw; suffered
C．had seen; was to suffer D．see; suffer
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态。句意：这种疾病对农民来说是一个巨大的打击。数以百计的人目睹了他们的动物、生计和希望被摧毁，还有许多人担心他们会遭受同样的命运。结合句意可知第一空用现在完成时态；第二空用一般将来时态。故选A。
3．She is a strong-willed woman and not once _______ in to any difficulty in her life.
A．she has given B．did she give C．she gave D．has she given
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析:考查动词时态和倒装句。句意：她是个意志坚强的女人，一生中一次也没有向任何困难屈服过。And 连接的两个并列句中，否定副词 not once放在了第二个句子的句首，所以后面部分用部分倒装语序，此外第一句的时态是一般现在时，后句又出现了in her life，所以句子应该用现在完成时，表示到现在为止，故正确答案为D选项。
考点：考查动词时态和倒装句
4．The Reform and Opening-up, having passed its brilliant age of 40 years ,____the backward situation of the Chinese nation and influenced the world.
A．change B．changes
C．has changed D．have changed
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态。句意：改革开放，走过了辉煌的40年，改变了中华民族的落后局面并影响世界。句中强调“改革开放40年”对现在的影响，故用现在完成时。故选C。
5．In the last few years, China ________ great achievements in environmental protection. A．was making B．made
C．had made D．has made
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态。句意：在过去几年里，中国已经在环境保护方面取得了很大的成就。时间状语“In the last few years”表明应该使用现在完成时，故D项正确。
6．Tony is one of the five students in his class who ______ the exam. How lucky he is!
A．is passing B．passes
C．has passed D．have passed
【答案】D
【解析】
考察时态语态。托尼是班上5个通过考试的学生之一，他真幸运。由题意可知，通过考试这件事在人谈论这件事之前发生，所以，采用完成时态。通过考试是主动形式，并且定语从句中的who修饰的是five students，所以是have passed，故选D
考点：考察时态和语态
7．— Would you care for a cup of tea? It tastes pretty good.
— I one. Thank you just the same.
A．have had B．had C．would have D．will have
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态。句意：——你想喝杯茶吗?味道很好。——我已经喝过了，我仍然谢谢你。结合句意可知此处用现在完成时态，故选A。
8．They____for ten years.
A．has been married B．have been married
C．got married D．married
【答案】B
【解析】
考查marry的用法。句意：他们结婚有十年的时间了。marry作不及物动词时有两种用法：get married to sb.（表动作）/be married to sb.（表状态）；作及物动词时有marry sb.，根据for ten years可知，此处应当用be married to sb.强调状态，用现在完成时。故B 选项正确。
9．The Greens moved back to the countryside in 2008 and ________ a happy and peaceful life there ever since.
A．are leading B．lead C．led D．have led
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态。句意：格林一家2008年搬回农村，从此过上了幸福安宁的生活。根据句中时间状语，ever since自从那时候起，可知，指从2008年一直持续到现在，故用现在完成时。故选D。
10．Much disappointed as he is in the job interview, he still keeps his confidence.
A．to have failed B．failed
C．having failed D．failing
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：考查动词的时态。由题目he still keeps his confidence（他仍然保持自信）可知此处强调这件事带来的结果对后面产生了影响,因此用现在完成时态，句意为尽管他面试失败很失望，但他仍然保持自信。故选A。
考点：考查动词的时态。
11．I’m tired out. I__________all afternoon and I don’t seem to have finished anything. A．shopped B．have shopped
C．had shopped D．have been shopping
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：句意为：“我现在很累。我整个下午一直在购物，我好像什么事都没做成似的。”由语境可判断是从过去到现在一直在购物，可能还要继续下去，所以用现在完成进行时，选D项。
考点：考查动词时态
12．Over the past 12 months the company ______ a 10 percent improvement.
A．managed B．manages
C．had managed D．has managed
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态。句意：在过去的12个月里，该公司取得了10%的进步。表示“过去的动作或状态对现在造成的影响和结果”，用现在完成时，故选D。
13．Never _______ a greater, or more beautiful, or a calmer or nobler thing than you.
A．did I see B．have I seen
C．I saw D．I have seen
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态和倒装。句意：我从未见过比你更伟大、更美丽、更冷静、更高贵的东西。Never 位于句首时，要进行部分倒装，强调过去的动作对现在的影响要用现在完成时，故B项正确。
【点睛】
倒装是高中英语的常见考点，注意当含有否定意义的词，如never，hardly，seldom，little，few，not until及not only等位于句首时，其后需要用部分倒装。
14．— When will the bike-sharing schemes be introduced to the public?
— Not until _______ a better understanding of them.
A．we have had B．will we have had
C．have we had D．we will have had
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查时间状语从句。句意：--公共单车共乘计划将于何时推出?---直到对它们有了更好的了解。根据第一句话可知这是将来时，但是until引导的是时间状语从句，从句中要用现在时代替将来时。not until位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装，但是从句不用，故选A。
15．This is the third time I____ Hong Kong. The second time I____ here was on Christmas Day last year.
A．have visited; came B．have visited; have come
C．visit; came D．visited; had come
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态。句意：这是我第三次来香港，第二次我在这里的时候是去年的圣诞节那一天。第一句考查了固定句式：This/It is/was the 序数词 time sb have/has/had done sth，该句式意
为“这是某人第几次做某事”，所以第一空中使用have visited；第二空中用一般过去时描述过去发生的事情。故A项正确。
【点睛】
本题第一空考查了特殊句式“It /That/This is the...time that sb have done sth；该句式意为“这是某人第几次做某事”；结合日常生活实际，能够计算到这是第几次做某事，表明该动作已经发生，因此，要用完成时态——主句用现在时，从句用现在完成时；主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。
16．Ever since he left school, he ______ becoming a professor in that famous university. A．has never dreamed of B．had never dreamed of
C．didn’t dream of D．was not dreaming of
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态。句意：自从他离开学校以来，他从来没有梦想成为那所著名大学的教授。此处since“自从---以来”，引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时态，主句用现在完成时态，故选A。
【点睛】
1.Since自从---以来（可做介词和连词），和现在完成时态连用。
He has lived here since he came. 自从他来到这里，就一直在这里住着。
2.It is /has been+一段时间+since 主语+一般过去时态+其他。自从做某事有多长时间了。
在这个句型中如果从句的动作是终止性动词，则表示从动作开始到现在多长时间了；如果从句的动作是持续性动词，则表示从动作结束到现在多长时间了。It is three years since he joined (终止性动词)the army.他参军有三年了；It is five years since he lived（持续性动词）here.他离开这有五年了。
17．— What do you mean when saying every minute counts?
— A man who dares to waste one hour of time _________ the value of life.
A．hadn’t discovered B．ha sn’t discovered
C．didn’t discover D．isn’t discovering
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态。句意：—当你说每分钟都很重要的时候，你什么意思？—敢于浪费一小时时间的人还没有意识到生活的价值。根据句意可知正是他们没有意识到生活的价值，才敢于浪费时间。表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响，要用现在完成时。故B项正确。
18．This is the first time I ______Tian’anmen Square. You can’t imag ine how excited I am. A．have visited B．am visiting
C．visit D．visited
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查现在完成时。句意：这是我第一次参观天安门广场。It/This is the+序数词+that的结构中，从句用现在完成时。故A选项正确。
【点睛】
句式“This/It is/was the first/second ... last time + that从句”表示“这是第……次做某事”。其中，that引导的是定语从句，that在口语中常省略。对于此句式，我们需要掌握that从句的时态：若前面的be动词为is，从句通常用现在完成时；若其为was，则从句用过去完成时。
本句中的be动词时is，所以从句用现在完成时。故A选项正确。
19．After he left college, he was employed in an international company and there ever since . A．worked B．had worked
C．has worked D．was working
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态。句意：他大学毕业以后，被一家跨国公司雇佣了，从那以后就一直在那里工作。句中时间状语ever since意为“从那以后”，表示从过去时间开始到现在，通常与现在完成时连用，故C项正确。
20．I am a better reader this year than I was last year because I ________ to hundreds of new concepts and ideas.
A．have exposed B．had been exposed C．have been exposed D．was exposed
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
考查时态。
【详解】
句意：今年我比去年更擅长阅读，因为我接触了数百种新的概念和想法。由上文可知“阅读”的动作发生在去年，延续到今年，并对现在产生了影响，故应为现在完成时。Expose“暴露；揭发”为瞬间性动词，此处现在完成时需改为延续性动词表示“接触”的状态，故用be exposed。综上本题最终选C。
21．LED lighting, even in most developed countries, ________ long enough to know its effects across the human lifespan.
A．has not been used B．was not used
C．had not been used D．is not being used
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态。句意：即使在大多数发达国家，LED照明的使用时间也不够长，不足以了解其在人类寿命中的影响。分析句子可知，LED照明到现在一直还在使用，所以用现在完成时，故选A。
22．The Mp3 ________ young people ________ a bit of decline recently with the appearance of the Mp4.
A．intending to; has entered into B．intended for; has gone into
C．meant to; takes on D．meant for; opens up
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词短语辨析和时态。句意：随着MP4的出现，为年轻人设计的这款MP3的销量已经下滑了。短语be intended for为…设计，be meant for本应为，be meant to do sth.打算做某事，enter into参与，go into进入（某种状态），take on呈现，open up开发，本句最后使用短语intended for…做定语修饰the MP3；副词recently意为“近来”，通常和现在完成时连用。结合句意，故B项正确。
23．We admire Susan for her persistence, the only one of the young girls who __________ in the rock band for 3 years so far.
A．played B．play C．have played D．has played
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我们钦佩Susan的坚持不懈，她是到目前为止在摇滚乐队里演奏了3年的年轻女孩中唯一的一个。根据定语从句中的so far可知，句子用现在完成时态，再根据从句的主语是the only one，单数第三人称形式，故选D。
24．I ________ Mr. Bert of the change of the meeting. You don’t have to phone him again. A．have informed B．will have informed
C．would inform D．had informed
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：我已告知Mr. Bert会议的改变。你没必要再给他打电话。根据语境可知，句子应用现在完成时态表示过去的动作对现在的影响，故答案为A。
25．––Why are you buying a new refrigerator?
––The old one ______ so many times that it’s not worth it any more.
A．has repaired B．is repaired
C．has been repaired D．has been repairing
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意：——你为什么要买一台新冰箱？——旧的冰箱已经被修过很多次了，它都不值得再修了。表示现在之前的动作对现在造成的影响用现在完成时，主语“冰箱”和“修理”是被动关系，故选C。
26．The teacher together with his assistants _____ ten cell samples during the past two months in the school lab.
A．analyze B．analyzes C．has analyzed D．have analyzed
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：老师和他的助手们，在过去两个月里在学校实验室分析了十个细胞样本。由“during the past two months”可知，本句为现在完成时，主语为The teacher together with his assistants ，当 together with 连接句子时，谓语单复数与 together with之前的词的单复数保持一致既与The teacher保持一致。故选C项。
27．Great changes ________ in our school since 2016. A lot of progress ________.
A．have taken the place; have been made B．had taken place; have been made C．were taken place; has made D．have taken place; has been made
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态。句意：自2016年以来，我们学校发生了巨大的变化。已经取得了许多进展。since+一段时间，是现在完成时的标志，因此应用现在完成时；take place意为“发生”，无被动语态，且主语是great changes，故谓语动词用复数，故用have taken place；progress
意为“进步，进展”，为不可数名词，故谓语动词应用单数，且progress与make之间是被动关系，故应用has been made。结合选项，故选D。
28．- -Did you watch the news about the success story of a farmer in Longhu last night?
Yes. By using an e-commerce platform, his fruit business ____ nationwide.
A．is expanding B．has expanded C．would expand D．was expanding
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态。句意：——你看了昨晚龙湖农民的成功事迹的新闻了吗？——看了。通过使用网络商业平台，他的水果生意已经做到全国了。分析句子可知，生意已经做到了全国范
围，对现在造成了影响，且现在这个生意依旧在进行，故应用现在完成时。故选B
29．With people paying attention to fitness, self-service mini-gyms, each covering about 5 square meters, ________ in China’s major cities these years.
A．have sprung up B．sprang up
C．had sprung up D．spring up
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态。句意：这些年，随着人们对健身的重视，面积约5平方米的自助迷你健身房如雨后春笋般在中国各大城市兴起。根据these years“这些年”，可知句子用现在完成时态，故答案为A。
30．--_____ my dictionary?
-- Yes. I put it in your desk just now.
A．Do you see B．Have you seen
C．Did you see D．Had you seen
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态。句意：——你看到我的词典了吗？——是的，我刚才把它放你桌上了。根据句意可知此处强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时，故B项正确。
31．I won’t go to see th e film tonight, because I ________ my ticket.
A．lost B．have lost C．will lose D．didn’t have
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词时态。句意：我今晚不去看电影了，因为我的票丢了。现在完成时强调对现在的结果/影响，“票不见了”，所以I won’t go to see the film tonight。本题易错选A，一般过去时,只强调“丢失了”，也许后来又见了。故选B。
32．It____ ten years ______ I graduated from university.
A．has been; since B．is; before
C．was; since D．will be; before
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查固定句型。句意：我已经大学毕业十年了。It is/has been+一段时间+since+过去时的句
子，意为“自从......已经多久了”，是固定句型，故选A。
33．—Do you like the mobile game Traveling Frog?
—Yes, the posts about the virtual green frog ________ over 4 million times.
A．have read B．have been read
C．would be read D．are reading
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：——你喜欢手机游戏旅行青蛙吗？——是的，关于虚拟绿蛙的帖子已经被阅读了400多万次。The posts和read是被动关系，用被动语态，“已经被阅读过了”用完成时态，故选B。
34．Never before ________ such a difficult time, and nor ________.
A．we have experienced; they have B．have we experienced; have they
C．did we experience; they did D．we had experienced; had they
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态和倒装句。句意：以前我们从没经历过如此艰难的时期，他们也没有经历过。never before“从来没有，前所未有”，要与完成时态连用，位于句首时句子需要使用部分倒装，即助动词have/has提前；nor放句首引导倒装句，意为“……也不……”，句子需要部分倒装，与上文助动词保持一致。故选B。
【点睛】
部分倒装
1）句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until…等。
Never have I seen such a performance.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。比如：I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.
2）否定词开头作部分倒装
如Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than等，要倒装。例如：
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.
3）so, neither, nor作部分倒装
用这些词表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒装。例如：
Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
If you won't go, neither will I.
4）only+ 副词/介词/状语从句位于句首，要部分倒装
Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。
Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed.
35．-Late again！Where_____________？
-Sorry，I________________ in the heavy traffic，or I would have been here earlier.
A．were you；have got stuck B．have you been；have got stuck
C．were you；got stuck D．have you been；got stuck
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态。句意：——又迟到了？你去哪了？——对不起，我遇上交通拥挤了，否则我就会早点到。第一空根据语境“又迟到了”可知，已经回来了，所以用现在完成时态，第二空：短语be/get stuck in 被困住，动作发生在过去所以用一般过去式，故选D。
36．The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ________rising steadily since 2010.
A．is B．are
C．has been D．have been
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】【详解】
考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自从2010年以来，上中国大学的外国学生的数量一直在增长。根据时间状语since 2010可知，用现在完成时态，The number of……作主语，后面的谓语动词用单数，故选C。
37．—Is this the first time that you ______ Nanchang?
—No. But it has been 3 years since I last ____ here.
A．visit; come B．have visited; came C．visited; came D．have visited; come 【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查时态。句意：—这是你第一次来南昌吗？—-不。但是自从我上次来这里已经三年了。这里考查句式This is the first time that…“这是第一次……”，that从句中谓语动词用现在完成时；since“自从”，从句的时态用一般过去时。故选B。
It/This is the first time+ that-结构中，that-从句通常用现在完成时：
It’s the first time（that）the boy has spoken to a foreigner.这个男孩还是第一次同外国人说话. It’s the first time that she’s seen an elephant.这是她第一次见到大象。
有时以上结构中的first 也可换成second，third，fourth等；其中的time也可换成其他名词：
It's the first month that he has lived here. 这是他第一个月住在这里。
This is the second cigarette that he has smoked today. 这是他今天抽的第二支烟。
若It was the first time that-结构中，that-从句通常用过去完成时，有时也用一般过去时，有时若有包括现在在内的时间状语，偶尔还可用现在完成时：
She was lucky because that was the second time she（had）visited Japan that year.
她很幸运，那是她那年第二次参观日本。
38．— Why do you look very upset?
— The electricity was cut off suddenly and my essay ________ unfinished since.
A．was left B．has left
C．had been left D．has been left
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态语态。句意：——你为什么看起来很沮丧？——突然停电了，那时我的文章就没写完。句中leave与主语essay 构成动宾关系，要用被动形式；句中时间状语since表示从那时起到现在文章一直没写完，是现在完成时态的时间状语。故选D。
39．______ trees _______ in the past few years.
A．A good many of , were planted B．A good many, were planted
C．A number of , have planted D．A number of, have been planted
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查词组和时态。句意：在过去的几年里已经种了许多树。根据句末的in the past few years（在过去的几年）可知，本句需使用现在完成时，故A、B选项直接排除；又因为“树”与“种植”之间是动宾（被动）关系，故应该使用被动语态，因此C选项是错误的。故选D。
40．John is one of the best writers who ______ published a lot of books.
A．has B．have C．have been D．are
【答案】B
【解析】
考查主谓一致与现在完成时。句意：约翰是出版了许多书的最好的作家之一。分析句子，其后定语从句先行词为the best writers是复数，从句中作主语，从句谓语动词与先行词保持人称和数的一致，故其谓语形式要用复数，且约翰已经出版了很多书，为过去的动作对现在造成影响，用现在完成时，且writers与谓语动词publish是主动关系，综上所述。故选B项。
专题一冠词、名词和主谓一致 1.【2015·湖北】21.When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his ___ and had a bad fall. A.balance B .chance C .memory D .place 【答案】A 【考点定位】名词词义辨析 【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。四个选项都可以跟前面的动词lose 搭配。考生应抓住题干中关键信息“had a bad fall（重重地摔了一跤）”，不禁会产生疑问：怎么会摔了一跤呢？然后根据搭配l ose one’s balance“失去平衡”锁定正确答案。 2.【2015·湖北】22.He gave himself a new name to hide his ____ when he went to carry out the secret task. A.emotion B.talent C.identity D.treasure 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：他执行一项秘密任务时，给自己起了一个新的名字来掩盖身份。A项“情绪”；B项“才能”；C项“身份”；D项“财富”。故选C项。 【考点定位】名词词义辨析 【名师点睛】考生解答本题的关键是抓住题干中的关键词“secret task（秘密任务）”和“gave himself a new name（给自己取了个新名字）”，然后推知肯定是为了“hide his identity（掩藏身份）”，从而锁定正确答案。 3.【2015·安徽】30.There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some ______ and then let me know. A. thought B. support C. protection D. authority 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：句意：现在没必要告诉我答案，你再思考一下，之后告诉我。A思考；B支持；C保护；D 权威，当局。这里指让对方再好好想想，故选A。 【考点定位】考查名词辨析 【名师点睛】本题考查名词辨析。该种题型要求学生积累一定的词汇量，四个词的意思分别是“思考”；“支持”；“保护”和“权威”；其次，做题时需要结合句意进行综合考虑。根据第一句和“and then let me know”可知，现在不急着告诉“我”答案，由此可知是让对方再想想。 4.【2015·江苏】3 5.—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave. —I’d like to, but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my ______ . A. requests B. excuses C. apologies D. regrets 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：—Dave，去跟你的妈妈道歉。—我想这样做，但是我担心她对我的道歉不满意。A项“请求”；B项“借口”；C项“道歉”；D项“遗憾，后悔”。故选C项。 【考点定位】名词词义辨析 【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在情景交际中辨析名词词义的能力。语境较为简单，考生只要抓住上文中的关键词“say sorry to”就可以锁定正确答案。因此，考生可以试着将词汇放在日常的情景交际中进行操练，加强对词汇的语境理解，可以达到事半功倍的效果。 5.【2015·江苏】32.Some schools will have to make ______ in agreement with the national soccer reform. A. judgments B. adjustments C. comments D. achievements 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：句意：为了与国家的足球改革相适应，一些学校必须做出调整。A项“判断，决断”；B项“调整”；C项“评价，评论”；D项“成就”。故选B项。 【考点定位】名词词义辨析 【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。四个选项都可以跟前面的动词make 搭配。因此，考生除了要充分利用特定语境理解词义，还应注意多积累可以跟同一动词搭配的名词。另外还可以利用固定搭配排除C项make本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。comments on“对……做出评价/评论”，缩小正确答案的范围。
一、(2013课标卷I) Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want. The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services. Most businesses seek to make a profit（利润）— that is, they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business. 71 Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers. 72 Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the operations of a business. 73 One is the establishment（制定）of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting. 74 The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments. Direction is concerned primarily with supervision（监管）and guidance by the management in authority. 75 A. Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work. B. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management. C. Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service agencies and may hospitals. D. However, some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs. E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments. F. In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects. G. Planning in business management has three main aspects. 二、(2013课标卷II) Public Speaking Training ·Get a coach 51 , so get help. Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses, here are some things to look for when deciding the training that's right for you. ·Focus on positives Any training you do to become more effective at public speaking should always focus on the positive aspects of what you already do well. Nothing can hurt confidence more than being told
高考衣食住用行 衣：高考前这段时间，提醒同学们出门一定要看天气，否则淋雨感冒，就会影响考场发挥。穿着自己习惯的衣服，可以让人在紧张时产生亲切感和安全感，并能有效防止不良情绪产生。 食：清淡的饮食最适合考试，切忌吃太油腻或者刺激性强的食物。如果可能的话，每天吃一两个水果，补充维生素。另外，进考场前一定要少喝水！ 住：考前休息很重要。好好休息并不意味着很早就要上床睡觉，根据以往考生的经验，太早上床反而容易失眠。考前按照你平时习惯的时间上床休息就可以了，但最迟不要超过十点半。 用：出门考试之前，一定要检查文具包。看看答题的工具是否准备齐全，应该带的证件是否都在，不要到了考场才想起来有什么工具没带，或者什么工具用着不顺手。 行：看考场的时候同学们要多留心，要仔细了解自己住的地方到考场可以坐哪些路线的公交车？有几种方式可以到达？大概要花多长时间？去考场的路上有没有修路堵车的情况？考试当天，应该保证至少提前20分钟到达考场。 绝密★启用前 2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷III） 英语 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡
皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. ￡19.15. B. ￡9.18. C. ￡9.15. 答案是C。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. ￡19.15. B. ￡9.18. C. ￡9.15. 答案是C。 1. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a library. B. In a bookstore. C. In a classroom. 2. How does the woman feel now? A. Relaxed. B. Excited. C. Tired. 3. How much will the man pay? A. $520. B. $80. C. $100. 4. What does the man tell Jane to do? A. Postpone his appointment. B. Meet Mr. Douglas. C. Return at 3 o’clock. 5. Why would David quit his job? A. To go back to school. B. To start his own firm. C. To work for his friend. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳
近五年高考英语语法填空真题解析 2018年高考题 【2018·全国I】 According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ___61___(long) than non-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long___62___(see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ___63___ (die) early by running. While running regularly cann't make you live forever, the review says it ___64___ (be) more effective at lengthening life___65___ walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014___66___showed a mere five to 10 minutes A day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ___67___(cause). The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise… it's probably runnin g. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to___68___(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always___69___(energy).If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give___70___a try. 【答案】61. longer 62. to see 63. dying 64. is 65. than 66. that which 67. causes 68. strength 69. energetic 70. it unning 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了跑步的好处，它可以帮助人们延年益寿。 63. 考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处of是介词，其后用动名词。故填dying。 64. 考查动词的时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时。故填is。 65. 考查比较句型。跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。根据文章中的more effective可知此处填than。 66. 考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that 或which。
精编高考英语阅读理解真题汇编180篇 （2014-2017） 1 (2017年北京卷) It was a cold March day in High Point, North Carolina. The girls on the Wesleyan Academy softball were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice, stamping their feet to stay warm, Eighth-grader Taylor Bisbee shivered(发抖) a little as she watched her teammate Paris White play. The two didn‘t kn each other well — Taylor had just moved to town a month or so before. Suddenly, Paris fell to the ground,―Paris‘s eye rolled back,‖ Taylor says. ―She st was an emergency.‖ It certainly was, Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure. Without immediate medical care, Paris would die. At first no one moved. The girls were in shock. Then the softball coach shouted out, ―Does anyone know CPR?‖ CPR is a life-saving technique. To do CPR, you press on the sick person‘s chest so that blood mov through the body and takes oxygen to organs. Without oxygen the brain is damaging quickly. Amazingly, Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day before. Still, she hesitated. She didn she knew it well enough. But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR, scary. I knew it was the difference between life and death,‖ says Taylor. 1. Two more ran to get the Taylor‘s swift action helped her teammates calm down. One girl called 91 school nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an electronic devices(器械) that can shock the heart back into work. Luck stayed with them: Paris‘ heartbeat returned. ―I know I was really lucky,‖ Paris says now. ―Most people don‘t survive this. My team s Experts say Paris is right: For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.
一、试题总体特点 2020年高考的命题体现了科学设计考试内容，优化高考选拔功能，强化能力立意与素养导向，助力推动中学素质教育。 今年的高考英语试题都是-一个个语篇构成,充分体现了重语篇轻语法的原则。试题取材广泛性、体裁多样性，选材围绕人与自然、人与社会、自我发展三大主题，全面考察学生的能力，时代性强，拓展了学生全球视野，增强学生劳动精神的考察。试卷能很全面考查学生的英语语言能力，引导学生形成良好的思维品质，高考坚持立德树人，发展素质教育这一目标被充分的体现了。 二、试卷结构 2020年高考英语全国II卷试题整体难度与往年大体相同。无论从题型的设置上还是题目的难度上，都基本延续了2019年的出题模式。本套试题坚持了“科学性、目标性、发展性”的高考命题原则，重视对学生基础知识的考查，题型稳定，同时继续深化对英语实际使用能力的考查，相对弱化语法，加强阅读。整张试卷体现了回归英语语言本质的特色，凸显了英语学科的核心素养，在帮助孩子树立国际视野的同时，也兼顾到了国家情怀,彰显了立德树人的根本任务。 今年试卷秉承了多年来的一贯特点：材料体现丰富的文化内涵，体裁丰富多样有记叙文、说明文、应用文等；文章侧重考查学生的细节理解能力和推理判断能力。试题的语篇材料选材新颖，时代性强，话题涉及各个方面。 完形填空和往年一样是我们常见的记叙文，着重考查实词在语篇中的准确运用，难度适中。通过讲述一位Nicolo的工人在一次拍卖会上以低廉的价格拍得两幅画，后来无意中发现这两幅画是价值连城的作品。故事情节曲折动人，一波三折。 语法填空和短文改错涉及到动词、名词、形容词、副词、介词、连词、逻辑关系等常见考点。
绝密★启用前 2018年6月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷） 英语 选择题部分 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题分，满分分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What will James do tomorrow A. Watch a TV program. B. Give a talk. C. Write a report. 2. What can we say about the woman A. She’s generous. B. She’s curious. C. She’s helpful. 3. When does the train leave A. At 6:30. B. At 8:30. C. At 10:30. 4. How does the woman go to work A. By car. B. On foot. C. By bike. 5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers A. Classmates. B. Teacher and student. C. Doctor and patient. 第二节（共15小题；每小题分，满分分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What does the woman regret A. Giving up her research. B. Dropping out of college. C. Changing her major. 7. What is the woman interested in studying now A. Ecology. B. Education. C. Chemistry. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. What is the man A. A hotel manager. B. A tour guide C. A taxi driver. 9. What is the man doing for the woman A. Looking for some local foods. B. Showing her around the seaside. C. Offering information about a hotel.
2020年高考英语（全国卷3）试题解读 2020 年的高考刚刚结束。在考试要求、形式和卷面结构上，今年高考与往年基本一致，但是今年的高考与往年相比，有四个新的特点，值得考生和家长注意。 一、选材上更加注重实用性 从今年的全国三卷的题目不难看出，现在的高考英语的文章和题目等，都更偏重生活化的表达。比如阅读的 A 篇生活化痕迹非常明显，甚至是直接来自于生活中的实际文章。阅读 B 篇也是一类偏重生活的内容。C 篇D 篇的主题也都是生活化的表达和实用性较高的内容。 事实上，2015 年高考英语取消语法单选题后，就一直在表现出要偏重实用的决心。英语作为一门语言，有它必备的语言规律。高考英语则是要在考查语言的同时，作为风向标，指导未来中学英语的教学。 既然已经是偏向实用，考生在复习高考时就应该更加多地偏重「理解」，尤其是在学习语言时，要考虑到「这一语言点是为了解决什么表达障碍、为了突出什么表达语境」等因素，不能再死记硬背，尤其不能像以往学习中的状态，盲目追求解题技巧，忽视背后的逻辑理解和应用。 从这个角度来看，英语学习中的「训练体系」就显得格外重要了。在训练时，所有不回归语境，不给考生提供理解的方法，全都应该摒弃。 二、难度上更加考查积累性 在全国三卷的七选五和完形填空中，考查了跟我们的生活息息相关的内容。不少考生反映「太难了」「看不懂」。阅读的 CD 两篇大家也有同样的困惑，因为这些事情比较抽象，涉及到的生词和陌生句式表达较多。
但事实上，这些内容的难度有两面性。如果平时注意做积累训练的同学，会觉得相当简单。不注重这些训练的同学，会觉得非常难。 值得一提的是，这里所谓的「积累训练」，仍然是「训练」，而不是盲目的积累。以笔者的学生为例，他们在考试后纷纷发来微信：“刘旸老师/教主！这次的阅读好多都是训练过的！”这些学生用词是「训练」。对比以往教学中的各种靠多做多练等题海战术的「积累」，「训练」的目的性会更强。所谓的训练，就是拆解考生在解题过程中的各个技术动作，每个技术动作辅以相应的练习。比如阅读的词汇和语法，必须在重视「高频词」和「长难句」的基础上，才能看懂。单这两个板块，就有海量的训练方法和模式。 综上，考生必须打破以往固有的「英语靠积累」的思路，拥抱训练，才可以有所突破。 三、知识上更加偏重运用度 今年的写作题目里，全国三卷考查了求助信，主题是请外教指导课本剧，并且没有给出提纲，而是直接要求考生补充短剧剧情、指导内容、修改要求、会面时间地点等。如果考生对此类题目不熟悉，或者话题不熟悉，是很难有发挥的余地的。 可以看到，虽然题目形式没有太大的变化，但是已经慢慢在开放度上予以加强了。往年考生只需要按照提纲按部就班地翻译即可完成一篇写作，但现在则需要自己补全若干信息。在这种情况下，还要确保自己的句式和词汇都是高水平的。这种对知识的综合运用度，前所未有。
高考英语阅读理解真题汇编及答案解析（11） 摘要：阅读理解题的“三步法”：1．略读。目的是了解短文的主旨大意和便于迅速掌握短文的语篇结构。2．查读。同学们要先通读题干，做到胸中有数；再将短文读第一遍，锁定某些特定信息进行快速阅读，迅速选出最佳答案；先易后难，先做细节题，后做推论题。3．重读短文重点。核查。同学们做题的关键是看清题目的要求，读准的关键是分清句子的结构和确认词性词义。 When Andrea Peterson landed her first teaching job,she faced the daunting task of creating a music program with almost no money for equipment or supplies in a climate where standards-based learning was the focus and music just provided a break for students and teachers. For her drive and creativity in overcoming those challenges,she’s been named national teacher of the year. Principal Waynes Kettler said he’s worked with many outstanding teachers in his22years as an educator,but Peterson is“just that one step above anybody I’ve ever worked with before.” Kettler and others at Monte Cristo Elementary School talk about the ways she has introduced the learning from other classrooms into her music program and her creativity in working around things such as the lack of money for new music. When students were reading S.E.Hinton’s novel The Outsiders in their regular classroom, Peterson helped them write a30-minute play with scenes from the book.Then they chose three Broadway tunes that focused no race,equality and social justice,the themes of the book.Peterson composed two other songs herself after classroom discussions about the play and the book. The honor means a lot to residents of Granite Foils.It’s inspiring to know that people from small towns own even win national honors. As national teacher of the year,Peterson will spend the next year outside the classroom, as a national and international spokeswoman for education. Not surprisingly,She is a big believe in the value of arts education.She said it’s essential for schools to offer classes such as art or music and physical education because for some kids one of those subjects is the only thing that motivates them to come back to school day after day. 65.The underlined word“daunting”in Paragraph1most probably means__________. A. discouraging B.interesting C.creative D.unbearable
2020年高考英语试题分析 一、试题总体特点 2020年高考的命题体现了科学设计考试内容，优化高考选拔功能，强化能力立意与素养导向，助力推动中学素质教育。 今年的高考英语试题都是-一个个语篇构成,充分体现了重语篇轻语法的原则。试题取材广泛性、体裁多样性，选材围绕人与自然、人与社会、自我发展三大主题，全面考察学生的能力，时代性强，拓展了学生全球视野，增强学生劳动精神的考察。试卷能很全面考查学生的英语语言能力，引导学生形成良好的思维品质，高考坚持立德树人，发展素质教育这一目标被充分的体现了。 二、试卷结构 2020年高考英语全国II卷试题整体难度与往年大体相同。无论从题型的设置上还是题目的难度上，都基本延续了2019年的出题模式。本套试题坚持了“科学性、目标性、发展性”的高考命题原则，重视对学生基础知识的考查，题型稳定，同时继续深化对英语实际使用能力的考查，相对弱化语法，加强阅读。整张试卷体现了回归英语语言本质的特色，凸显了英语学科的核心素养，在帮助孩子树立国际视野的同时，也兼顾到了国家情怀,彰显了立德树人的根本任务。 今年试卷秉承了多年来的一贯特点：材料体现丰富的文化内涵，体裁丰富多样有记叙文、说明文、应用文等；文章侧重考查学生的细节理解能力和推理判断能力。试题的语篇材料选材新颖，时代性强，话题涉及各个方面。 完形填空和往年一样是我们常见的记叙文，着重考查实词在语篇中的准确运用，难度适中。通过讲述一位Nicolo的工人在一次拍卖会上以低廉的价格拍得两幅画，后来无意中发现这两幅画是价值连城的作品。故事情节曲折动人，一波三折。 语法填空和短文改错涉及到动词、名词、形容词、副词、介词、连词、逻辑关系等常见考点。 三、模块分析 1. 阅读理解
刷题（二） 第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） A man who knows how to write a personal letter has a very powerful tool. A letter can be enjoyed, read and 21 . It can set up a warm conversation between two people far apart (远离的);it can keep a 22 with very little effort. I will give 23 .A few years ago my older brother and l were not getting 24 .We had been close as 25 but had grown apart. Our meetings were not 26 ; our conversation was filled with arguments and quarrels: and every effort to clear the air seemed to only 27 our misunderstanding. Then he 28 a small island in the Caribbean and we 29 touch. One day he wrote me a letter. He described his island and its people, told me what he was doing, said how he felt, and encouraged me to 30 . Rereading the letter, I was 31 by its humor（幽默）and clever expressions. These were all qualities for which I had 32 respected my older brother but 33 he no longer had them. I had never known he could write so 34 . And with that one letter we became friends 35 . It might never have occurred to 36 to write me if he had not been in a place where there were no 37 . For him, writing was a necessity. It also turned out to be the best way for us to get back in touch. Because we live in an age of 38 communication（通讯）, people often 39 that they don’t always have to phone or email. They have a 40 . And that is to write. 21. A. received B. rewritten C. returned D. reread 22. A. record B. promise C. friendship D. secret 23. A. an example B. a lesson C. an experience D. a talk 24. A. through B. together C. along D. away 25.A．brothers B. children C．fellows D．classmates 26. A．normal B. necessary C．pleasant D．possible 27. A．deepen B. start C．express D．settle 28. A．toured B. stopped C．reached D．m 29. A．lost B. kept in C．needed D．got in 30.A. think B. write C．enjoy D．read 31.A．driven B. beaten C．surprised D．honored 32. A．never B. seldom C．sometimes D．once 33. A．realized B. judged C. thought D. expected． 34. A．well B. often C. much D. soon 35. A．later B. anyhow C. too D. again． 36. A．us B. anyone C. someone D. my brother 37. A．mail services B. transport services C. phones D. relative 38. A．poor B. easy C. popular D. busy 39. A．believe B. decide C. argue D. forget 40.A. habit B. choice C. method D. plan 第二部分：阅读理解（共25小题。第一节每小题2分，第二节每小题1分；满分45分） A When I was six, Dad brought home a dog one day, who was called “Brownie”, My brothers and I all loved Brownie and did different things with her. One of us would walk her, another would feed her ,then there were baths, playing catch and many other games .Brownie, in return, loved each and every one of us. One thing that most touched my heart was that she would go to whoever was sick and just be with them. We always felt better when she was around. One days, as I was getting her food, she chewed up(咬破) one of Dad’s shoes, which had to be thrown away in the end. I knew Dad would be mad and I had to let her know what she did was Wrong. When I looked at her and said, “Bad girl.” She looked down at the ground and then went and hid. I saw a tear in her eyes. Brownie turned out to be more than just our family pet. She went everywhere with us. People would stop and ask if they could pet her. Of course she'd let anyone pet her. She was just the most lovable dog. There were many dines when we'd be out walking and a small child would come over and pull on her hair. She never barked (吠) or tried to get away. Funny thing is she would smile. This frightened people because they thought she was showing her teeth. Far from
（英语）高考英语试题真题分类汇编一般将来时 一、单项选择一般将来时 1．(陕西重点中学高三二模)We pursue happiness, thinking one day we will find it. But ________ it by seeking it. A．rarely will we find B．rarely we will find C．rarely will find we D．rarely find we will 【答案】A 【解析】 选A考查倒装。句意：我们追求幸福，想着总有一天会找到幸福。但是，我们几乎不能通过一味追求幸福而找到幸福。否定副词放在句首时，句子要部分倒装。A项正确。 2． How happy we are！The winter holiday we have been looking forward ____soon. A．has come B．to have come C．to coming D．to will come 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查时态。句意：我们真开心啊！我们一直期待的寒假很快就要来了。本句中定语从句的先行词是the winter holiday，关系代词that/which指代先行词在句中作为动词短语look forward to的宾语，被省略掉了。句中的come是谓语动词。根据句意可知，寒假还没有到来，故用一般将来时。故D正确。 考点：考查句子结构和时态 3．–Peter, do you know how to download the new software? –Certainly. I _____ you the steps. A．show B．am showing C．will show D．have shown 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：考查动词时态与体态辨析。A. show，一般现在体；B.am showing，现在进行体；C. will show，一般将来体；D. have shown，现在完成体。句意：—彼得，你知道如何下载最新的软件吗？—当然。我会教你步骤。由句意可知show动作发生在说话动作之后，说话者的时态是一般现在时，故这里是用将来时时，表示将会做。故选C。 考点：考查动词时态与体态辨析。 4．Turn on the television or open a magazine and you ________ advertisements showing happy families. A．will often see B．often see C．are often seeing D．have often seen