第27卷第6期高校化学工程学报No.6 Vol.27 2013 年12月 Journal of Chemical Engineering of Chinese Universities Dec. 2013
文章编号：1003-9015(2013)06-1084-05
新型聚四氟乙烯微孔膜的油水分离特性研究
彭洪祥, 于志家, 孙晓哲
(大连理工大学化工学院, 辽宁大连 116024)
摘要：通过喷涂-高温塑化的方法，在400目不锈钢网上复合PPS(聚苯硫醚)-PTFE(聚四氟乙烯)涂层，构造微米级细
长纤维结构，制成一种新型聚四氟乙烯微孔油水分离膜。该油水分离膜具有良好的疏水性和亲油性，并且能够承受较
高的压力而不发生透水。经接触角测量仪测定，水滴在网膜上的接触角可达131.6°，柴油滴一接触网膜就铺展开来，
接触角接近0°，具有良好的疏水亲油性。随着膜的厚度增加，膜与水的接触角略有降低。新型油水分离膜可以应用到
浮油及分散油的分离中，正交试验表明水的流量对分离膜的分离效果影响最大，油流量影响次之，分离压力影响最小。
在水流量10 L?h-1、油流量1.02 L?h-1、分离器进出口压力差10 kPa条件下，油水混合物经六级分离，含油量可降低到
8.75 mg?L-1，达到国家污水综合排放标准中的二级标准(10 mg?L-1)。
关键词：微孔膜；油水分离；疏水膜；亲油膜；浮油
中图分类号：TQ028.4；TQ028.8 文献标识码：A DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1003-9015.2013.06.026
Oil-Water Separation Characteristics of a New Type of PTFE Microporous Membrane
PENG Hong-xiang, YU Zhi-jia, SUN Xiao-zhe
(School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China)
Abstract: A new type of microporous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane used for oil-water separation was made by spray-plasticizing method. Basis film is firstly manufactured by composite PPS-PTFE coating on the 400 mesh stainless steel net and then a micron thin fiber structure is constructed on the basis film. This oil-water separating membrane shows hydrophobic and oleophilic properties and can withstand high water pressure without the risk of flooding. The water contact angle of this membrane is 131.6?, and the oil droplet spreads on the surface of the membrane once they get contacted. With the increase in the thickness of the membrane, the water contact angle of this membrane slightly decreases. The membrane can be applied to separate the floating oil or dispersed oil. Orthogonal test shows that the water flow rate has the largest influence on the separation result, followed by the oil flow rate, and the pressure has least effect. Under the condition of water flow rate of 10 L?h-1, oil flow rate of 1.02 L?h-1and the pressure difference of 10 kPa, the oil-water mixture is separated by a six-stage separator to the oil concentration of 8.75 mg?L-1 in the raffinate, which matches national wastewater discharge standards in secondary grade (10 mg?L-1).
Key words: microporous membrane; oil-water separation; hydrophobic film; oleophilic film; floating oil
1前言
含油废水是一种常见污染物，其对生活环境和生态平衡有很大危害，含油废水的处理一直是科学研究的一个重要课题。含油废水的来源很广，在石油工业的采油、炼油、运输、使用过程中都会大量产生。含油废水的危害主要有以下几方面：①污染水资源，破坏生态环境；②恶化水质，危害人类健康。③污
收稿日期：2012-04-27；修订日期：2012-10-15。
基金项目：辽宁省科学技术基金(20072190)。
作者简介：彭洪祥(1984-)，男，山东临沂人，大连理工大学硕士生。通讯联系人：于志家，E-mail：yuzhijia@https://www.doczj.com/doc/f4563735.html,