Argument
In IELTS, for both the academic and the General Training modules, the second writing task is often an argument or a discussion on a given topic. In this unit, we will be discussing how to write an argument.
An argument is a set of statements in support of an opinion or proposed course of action. It is expressed in an orderly way, and is used to try to convince someone that the opinion or course of action is correct. In this unit, we will discuss:
How to plan an argument
How to support an argument
How to organize an argument
How to refute an argument
The first step in planning an argument is to list the points you wish to make. Some of these may be facts. Some may be opinions. Facts are statements which are known to be true. Opinions are personal beliefs which may or may not be true .It is important to distinguish between facts and opinions in arguments. An argument consisting only of opinions will not be convincing to your reader. See the following sentences:
1The sun rises in the east
2Qing Dao is a city in Shan Dong Province.
3Qing Dao is a beautiful city.
4The Ghost Show, which is broadcast on Friday nights, is a terrible program
Exercise 1
Which of the following statements are facts or opinions?
lOnly weak people smoke cigarettes.
2There is a drastic statistic relationship between lung cancer and cigarette smoking.
3 Smoking cigarettes causes lung cancer.
How to support an Argument（如何支撑论点）
When you write an argument, you must try to convince your reader that your points are correct and reasonable. To do so you must provide strong support for your arguments. Here are some ways of supporting an argument（你应该通过一些途径支撑论点，举例法,给出相关的理由或者事实，引用事实，或适当的过度词，等）
1 Supporting an argument by giving lots of examples
2Supporting an argument by giving relevant and accurate reasons or facts as evidence.
3Supporting an argument by giving a quotation.
4Supporting an argument by using transitional words and phrases that signal your supporting evidence. 5Supporting an argument by expressing your opinion in a clear way in a topic sentence. 6supporting an argument by mentioning a source.
一Giving examples
Revolutions which overthrow despotic governments by violent means often end by establishing another kind of despotism. A good example is the French Revolution of 1789, which began as an expression of democratic will, and ended by establishing Napoleon as of the Emperor of the French.
Write two relevant supporting statements for each of the sentences below.
1 Public money should be spent on persuading people to give up smoking
2Drinking and driving don't mix
Up to 75% of fatal road accidents involve alcohol
People drink much more when they are worried.
A quotation may consist of a word , phrase ,sentence ,paragraph or longer expression from the text of another writer. Quoting an authority on a subject is a way of reinforcing an argument and strengthening a point of view. Quotations also add colour and feeling to writing. But take care not to overwork the technique. It is unnecessary to substantiate every assertion you make by bolstering it up with a quotation. Select the quotations and use them sparingly.
'"Prevention is better than cure”
"Actions speak louder than words”
The transitional words and phrases used in an argumentative writing include to begin with ,first ,next, because, since, more important, furthermore , besides, etc
Eg An earlier age of retirement has certain advantages
A More opportunities for jobs for younger people
B Ambitious younger workers would be reach the top without a lot of older people blocking the way.
A good topic sentence of an argumentative essay ought to be clear and to the point. It can be placed at the beginning or in the middle or at the end of a paragraph.
Eg School athletes should take part in school sports but should not be excused from taking a full schedule of other subjects. Athletes should not base all their hopes on having sports careers. Dr Brown , the distinguished basketball star, pointed out that all school athletes should prepare for an alternative career ,because sports life is not long and mostly, only a small number of these athletes might succeed in this career .......................................
Eg As Professor Hones points out that in an increasingly technological society, some form of tertiary training is fast becoming essential.
Experimental work undertaken in this country suggests that .............
How to Organize an argument 怎样组织论点
A good argument has to be effectively organized so that your reader can follow the chain of argument and convinced by it. In academic writing two methods are commonly used. They are called the deductive method and the inductive method. When we use the deductive method, the main statement is made at the beginning followed by a supporting statement or statements. When we use the inductive method it is effective to outline the evidence first and present the main the point last as a conclusion.
Eg Ask most people what causes strikes and they will probably say: more money. In fact, there are many causes of strikes. Moreover, a single strike could have a number of causes rather than a single cause.
Obviously, the demand of more money is a major cause of strikes. A second cause is the demand for improving working conditions. But "working conditions,, covers many things. It includes the physical environment of the workplace, such as the quality of eating and recreational facilities, together with the safety and cleanliness of the workplace itself, '"working conditions^, also includes the psychological climate of the workplace.
Quite often when a strike is called the official reason given is inadequate pay. But industrial psychologists have found that this may be disguising the real reasons. Such reasons might be the unpleasant attitude of a supervisor or a company official, or it might be the tedium of highly repetitive work.
Furthermore, the workers themselves may not be aware of "hidden" reason. They may only be aware of general dissatisfaction, and '"inadequate pay" may just be a convenient excuse for expressing that dissatisfaction.
In addition to expressing dissatisfaction, strikes have the effect of breaking the monotony of repetitive work.
In conclusion, although demanding for more money is usually the main reason of strikes, there are also some other reasons.
How to refute an argument 怎样反驳论点
If there were no evidence for an alternative point of view, there would be no need for argument. A good argument always takes the opposing point of view seriously. If this were not the case, the argument would be more like a quarrel, consisting of the exchange of opinions and prejudices without support from evidence or reasoning. When you are writing, your refutation should do one of the following: Re—state the opinion
Correct your opponent's facts（修正或者改正对方的观点）
Deny that counterargument is related to the topic 否认驳论与主题有关
Indicate that the counterargument is insufficient（指出驳论不足）
When you want to refute an argument, you need to restate the opinion, so the person you are writing to can understand. To show that we don't personally hold the opinions we intend to refute, we often write as reported speech
Eg 1 Some people assert that all pop music is rubbish.
2It is ridiculous to say that English ought to be taught everywhere
3It used to be stated that there were jobs which women were physically incapable of doing
Your opponent5 facts ---Some people say that cutting trees harms the environment and destroys valuable natural resources.
Your correction--- Selective harvesting is actually good for forests and for people because it increases productivity and provides jobs and timber.
Deny that the counterargument is related to the topic
When the topic is something about '"insufficient public transportation" and the writer's purpose is to persuade people to agree with the idea of changing and expanding the bus system ,but the writer talks a lot about the nice drivers and free fare for university students, it shows that his argument is irrelevant. You can write : '"Although nice drivers and free fare for students is true, it is not related to the topic.”
Indicate that the counterargument is insufficient
Write a statement for each statement to show that the following ideas are insufficient
1Cutting trees causes erosion and landslides, and destroys natural resources.
2Cars are very convenient. It can be fairly quick to send you to anywhere you want to go.
雅思基础班写作讲义 【观点型作文模板】 首段部分： 一，（背景句）In this day and age, 主题词is advancing at an amazing rate in a host of arenas. 二，（观点导入句） As to/ Concerning the issue whether…or…, people from all walks of life can hardly reach an absolute consensus. whether+ 从句…or not, there exists a fierce controversy among people. 三，主旨句 讨论①If it is up to me, my objective analyses for their views will be based on the following parts. ②Personally, I think that both of their views have reasonable/rational exposition. 单边讨论①For my part, the boons brought by far outweigh its bane. (事物) ②Personally, I think that their view has both merit and demerit. （观点） 纯倾向①As I see it, my view will be identical with the advocates'/objectors'. ②Personally, I am inclined to the advocates'/objectors' view. 主体部分： 讨论A （第二段）The advocates hold a view that 正面观点，based on the following reasons. To begin with, 理由一；拓展2-3句话 Additionally, 理由二；拓展1-2句话 Lastly, 理由二；拓展1-2句话 讨论B （第三段）The objectors,however, argue that 反面观点, with the following supporting reasons. In the first place, 理由一；拓展2-3句话
雅思7分写作讲义 雅思考试写作金牌教程（6-7.5分）教学方案 第一次课 一、教学目标：雅思写作概述、基本构成、雅思写作考试与其他考试的类比 二、课时陈述：第一次课，2.5小时 三、教学重点：议论文体和报告文体的题型 四、教学难点：雅思评分标准与其他考试评分标准的异同 五、教学亮点：雅思考官阅卷的潜规则 六、课堂结构： 1、雅思考试介绍 2、雅思考试评分标准 3、雅思写作话题介绍 4、雅思写作题型介绍 5、中英两国写作对比 1、雅思考试介绍 雅思写作的量分 task1 占三分之一，而task2占三分之二。 Task 1 （以下简称小作文） 题型：LINE PIE BAR TABLE DIAGRAM MAP MIXED Task 2 (以下简称大作文) 题型：argumentation report 2、雅思考试评分标准 孙武子说“知己知彼，百战百胜”.为了更好的对付雅思写作考试，我们起先要了解它的具体评分准则。 Task Response and Fulfillment Coherence and Cohesion Lexical resources Grammatical Range and Accuracy Band 7—good user
Has operational command of the language, though with occasional inaccuracies, inappropriacies and misunderstandings in some situations. Generally handles complex language well and understands detailed reasoning. 具体要求： Task response: whether all parts of the task are addressed; whether a viewpoint is clearly expressed, developed and supported. Coherence and cohesion: whether the response has a suitable layout and logical ordering of points; correct and appropriate use of connectives. Lexical resources: range and accuracy of vocabulary; the examiner will check the correct forms and the spelling of words used. Grammatical range and accuracy: the range and accuracy of tenses and sentence structures. Task response or fulfillment （完整性） 一篇文章必须有一定的架构，议论文通常由“内三合，外三合”所构成。内三合讲求论点，论据，论证。外三合正是Introduction（引言段）Body（正文）Conclusion（结尾段）.此外，每个段落的主题思想靠推展句来实现，若只有主题句没有推展句来进一步充实，则有头无尾，不能构成一个完整的段落，反之亦然，若只有推展句，主题思想没有得到相对交代的话，则显突兀，也不算完整。Coherence（连贯性） 连贯性包括：意连和形连 意连指的是内在的逻辑性，形连指的是转换词语。两者相辅相成，只形连没意连，句子或段落缺乏有机联系，只意连无形连则行文不够流畅。 Sample: 表示层进：first of all, firstly, to begin with, in the first place, secondly, besides, in addition, moreover, meanwhile, third, thirdly, what’s more, 表示举例：for instance, such as, to take… as an example. 表示解释：as a matter of fact, in other words, frankly speaking. 表示总结：overall, in summary, to conclude, on the whole. 表示强调: above all, what’s more important, in fact.
雅思英语教学教案 1. 引言 雅思考试是全球最为广泛接受的英语语言能力评估考试之一。为了 帮助学生准备和应对雅思考试，本教学教案将提供一种系统和全面的 教学方法，旨在提高学生的听力、阅读、写作和口语技能，以使他们 在考试中取得更好的成绩。 2. 教学目标 本教案的主要教学目标如下： - 提高学生的听力技能，包括听取并理解不同主题和语气的英语演 讲和对话。 - 提高学生的阅读技能，培养学生快速阅读和理解英语文章的能力。 - 提高学生的写作技能，包括提升学生的写作流畅度、语法准确性 和词汇表达能力。 - 提高学生的口语技能，训练学生能够自信地用英语进行口语表达 和交流。 3. 教学内容和方法 3.1 听力技能 - 提供多种听力材料，包括录音和视频资源，涵盖不同话题和语气。
- 鼓励学生进行听力练习，包括听取录音并回答相关问题，或者进行听力理解练习。 - 教学方法：学生可以使用耳机听取录音材料，并填写答案或进行听力总结。 3.2 阅读技能 - 提供各种英语阅读材料，如新闻文章、报道、学术论文等，涵盖不同主题和文体。 - 引导学生进行快速阅读和理解材料的关键信息。 - 教学方法：学生可以通过读取材料后回答问题、进行判断和推理练习，或者进行对材料的总结。 3.3 写作技能 - 提供多种写作练习，包括议论文、图表描述、短文写作等，鼓励学生练习不同类型的写作任务。 - 引导学生进行写作计划，包括提纲和关键观点的整理。 - 教学方法：学生可以根据指定的主题或题目进行写作，然后进行自我评估和互相评估。 3.4 口语技能 - 设计口语练习，包括模拟对话、小组讨论和口头表达演讲等。 - 引导学生进行语音训练，包括发音、语调和语速的掌握。
Unit 1 雅思IELTS 考试写作简介 雅思考试写作部分在听力和阅读后进行，由两部分组成，TASK1和TASK2。要求考生在60分钟内完成两篇文章的写作。普通培训类和学术类考生在写作的考试内容上有一些区别。两类写作TASK2题目类型基本相同，考试的结构和要求也大体相同，要求在40分钟完成250字左右的议论文。类似英美国家学校里任课教师布置的课堂讨论作文。一般要求考生根据自己的知识和经验就一个现象阐明自己的态度和见解，或就一个观点发表自己赞同或反对的观点。 学术类写作TASK 1〔ACADEMIC TRAINING MODULE〕要求考生对题目中给出的各类图表加以观察和分析，并根据已知的图表和资料写一篇不少于150字的小短文。考得较多的有曲线图、柱状图、饼状图、表格、饼图等。也有可能考到两种不同种类的图。另外，流程图和示意图也偶尔考到。时间20分钟。 普通培训类写作TASK1〔GENERAL TRAINING MODULE〕则要求考生就某个假设的场景写一封信. 到目前为止，出现较多的书信种类有投诉信、请求信、建议信、寻找失物信、邀请信等。20分钟内完成150个字的文章。 总之，就题目的难度而言，GENERAL TRAINING MODULE 普通类写作比ACADEMIC TRAINING MODULE学术类写作稍微简单一些。 评分标准 The examiner reads your answer and awards band score of between 1(did not answer the question) and 9 (native speaker-like ) according to these criteria: • 1.Task Response (i.e. how fully and appropriately the candidate has answered all parts of the task; the extent to which the candidate's ideas are relevant, developed and supported; the extent to which the candidate's position is clear and effective) • 2.Coherence and Cohesion (i.e. how well the information and ideas are organized and presented i.e. paragraphing; how well the information is linked) • 3.Lexical Resource (i.e. the range of vocabulary used, how accurately it is used and how appropriate it is for the task) • 4.Grammatical Range and Accuracy (i.e. the range of structures used, how accurately they are used and how appropriate they are for the task) The band scores are then added together divided by 3 and rounded to determine your band score for this task. Writing Overall Band = 1 / 3* Task1 + 2 / 3*Task2 For example: Task1 =6 Task2 =7 Overall Band = 1 / 3* 6 + 2 / 3*7=
基础雅思写作》课程教学大纲 课程名称：基础雅思写作 英文名称：IELTS Foundation Writing 课程编码： 总学时：56 实验学时：0 学分：3.5 适用对象：国际教育学院中荷项目本科一年级学生 先修课程：高中英语 大纲主撰人：杜彦强大纲审核人：付曼 一、课程性质、目的和任务 1. 课程性质： 《基础雅思写作》是为我校中外合作办学项目本科生一年级开设的一门主要的英语技能专业必修课，是高中阶段英语写作的继续，是一门综合性很强的应用型课程。 2. 目的： 在巩固现阶段写作技能的基础上，学生通过英语写作基本理论的学习，进一步提升他们的英语写作能力，使之从初级阶段的句子和段落过渡到本科阶段的整篇文章的撰写。 3. 任务： 经过严谨的写作训练，掌握实用文体，即信件的写作方法，以及图表类作文的写作方法，提高学生的整体英文写作水平，帮助有意赴荷兰等国家留学的同学在雅思考试的写作部分取得6 分以上的良好成绩。 二、教学内容及要求 1．课程教学的基本要求 通过本课程的教学，逐渐提高学生的观察、思维和运用英语的能力。要求学生掌握书信以及图表类的基本格式和手法以及在应用文写作和图表类写作中的常用词汇、常用表达法及各种注意事项，力求做到书写符合体裁的要求，用词表达准确、文章规范。通过讲授英文文体和体裁的写作基本知识和技巧，特别强调进行大量的写作实践，要求学生较好地掌握英文写作的基本原理、表现手法和写作技能，能用 英语写出投诉信、感谢信、邀请函等日常应用文以及雅思考试图表类的文章
2．教学大纲内容、教学时间和顺序教学内容及学时分配如下： 1) 雅思写作概述 2 学时 2) 雅思写作基本语法概述8 学时 3) 雅思写作培训类信件写作14 学时 投诉信、感谢信、道歉信、咨询信、求助信、建议信、求职申请信、邀请信4) 雅思图表类作文写作：32 学时 线状图、柱状图、表格、饼状图、示意图、复合图表 具体教学内容安排： 第一章雅思写作概述 授课学时：2 基本要求： 第1节第2节第3节重点： 雅思写作介绍 雅思写作评分标准 雅思写作步骤明确雅思写作的类型与特点 难点：雅思写作的基本要求 第二章雅思写作基本语法概述授课学时：8 基本要求：第1 节雅思写作基本句式第2 节雅思句子的种类第3 节长句的分析和写作第4 节非谓语动词重点：句子的基本写作及扩充难点：长难句和非谓语动词 第三章雅思写作培训类信件写作总授课学时：14 第1节投诉信( letter of complaint) 授课学时：2 基本要求： 投诉信的写作要点和注意事项 投诉信常用表达方式投诉信的例文分析学生作文分析重点：常用表达方式难点：同伴评价作文，分析同学作文中出现的问题，并提出修改方案 第2节感谢信 (thank-you letter ) 授课学时：2 基本要求： 感谢信的写作要点和注意事项 感谢信常用表达方式感谢信的例文分析学生作文分析重点：常用表达方式难点：同伴评价作文，分析同学作文中出现的问题，并提出修改方案
新航道胡敏雅思图表写作表达集粹 Ⅰ. Introduction Paraphrase the Words on the Graphic Material Pattern One Without the Summary of the Trend 1. This diagram unfolds a clear comparison between Florida, a state of the United States, and the United States as a whole in four aspects, namely, registered engineers, the civilian labor force, manufacturing employment and hi-tech employment, from 1978 to 1987. 2. There were many significant changes in modes of transport used by city dwellers from 1950 to 1990. The following paragraphs will identify and discuss the trends in the accompanying graph. 3. The chart below displays the average earnings per week, in pounds sterling, of people of different levels of education living in the UK between the years 1965 and 1995. 4. The chart indicates the subjects studied by university students in Australia during the latter of last century. 5. The chart shows the number of road accidents in Britain over a period of six years. 6. The line graph reveals the amount of fast food consumed by Australian teenagers over a 25-year period between 1975 and 2000. 7. The bar chart illustrates the percentage of employees in different occupations absent from work in a given week in 2001. 8. Indicators of economic and social conditions in four countries, Canada, Japan, Peru and Zaire, in 1994, compiled by the UN, reflect the great differences that exist between wealthier and poorer nations. Pattern Two With the Summary of the Trend 9. The graph compares the rate of smoking in men and women in Erewhon between the years 1960 and 1995. It can be clearly seen that the rate of smoking for both men and women is currently declining and that fewer women have smoked throughout the period. 10. The graphs compare the number of deaths caused by six diseases in Erewhom in 1990 with the amount of research funding allocated to each of those diseases. It can
说明一物的利弊 1、AAA has improved the quality of our lives and are playing an important role in our daily life. The benefits AAA brings to us are far more than its disadvantages. However, we cannot ignore its problem. 2、On the positive side, AAA has enabled us to (1)此处填入 AAA 的优势之一。For instance, ( 2 )举例说明优势之一。Besides, (3)AAA 的优势之二。Nowadays, (4)举例说明优势之二。In addition, ( 5 ) AAA的优势之三。 3、On the negative side, (6)此处填入 AAA 的劣势之一。For example,(7)举例说明劣势之一。Besides,(8)AAA 的劣势之二。Furthermore,(9)AAA 的劣势之三。 4、All in all, we can not live without AAA for the conveniences it brings to us, but we should also be aware of the negative effects it creates on the modern life. 分析型 1、Recently the...has been brought into focus...Nowhere in history has the issue been more visible. In this essay, I aim to explore this complicated phenomenon from diverse perspectives, identify the relevant contributing factors and bring up some effective measures. 2、As far as I am concerned, an array of integrated factors contributes to the ...The first role that should be blamed is...Another equally important factor lies in… Last but not least... 3、A s a matter of fact, ...gives rise to a host of problems, such as...Confronted with such a thorny issue, people come up with a variety of constructive countermeasures. Personally, the following are worth recommendation... 4、When everyone is fully aware of the severity and take feasible measures, I firmly believe... 一面倒 1、.NO invention has received more praises and abuses than cars…Now there is a growing awareness over traffic safety. 2、A lthough some people acclaim that…I am still prone to go along with the other side based on the following sound reasons... 3、To embark on it, it comes as the first problem that...
雅思作文教案 教案标题：提高雅思作文能力的教学计划 教学目标： 1. 帮助学生了解雅思写作考试的评分标准和要求。 2. 培养学生在有限时间内组织思路、提炼观点和展开论述的能力。 3. 提高学生的写作技巧，包括词汇选择、句子结构和逻辑连贯性。 4. 培养学生批判性思维和论证能力，提高他们的写作水平。 教学内容和步骤： 第一课：了解雅思写作评分标准和要求 1. 引入：给学生介绍雅思写作考试的评分标准和要求，包括任务完成度、语言使用、组织结构和词汇表达等方面。 2. 分析评分标准：与学生一起分析评分标准的每个方面，并解释每个方面的重要性和对分数的影响。 3. 练习评分：给学生一篇范文，让他们根据评分标准进行评分，并讨论评分结果。 第二课：组织思路和提炼观点 1. 引入：与学生分享一篇雅思作文题目，让他们用5分钟时间列出可能的观点和论据。 2. 讨论观点：学生互相分享自己列出的观点，并讨论哪些观点是最有说服力和相关性的。 3. 编写提纲：引导学生根据讨论的观点编写一个简洁明确的提纲，包括引言、主体段落和结论。
第三课：提高写作技巧 1. 词汇选择：介绍一些常用的高级词汇和短语，让学生学会运用它们来丰富自 己的写作。 2. 句子结构：引导学生使用不同的句子结构，如倒装、强调句和条件句等，使 写作更加多样化和有吸引力。 3. 逻辑连贯性：讲解如何使用过渡词和连接词来使文章的逻辑关系更加清晰和 连贯。 第四课：批判性思维和论证能力 1. 引入：与学生分享一篇有争议的话题，并引导他们思考不同观点的利弊。 2. 讨论论证：学生分组讨论不同观点的论证方式，并选择最有说服力的观点进 行辩论。 3. 辩论练习：组织学生进行小组辩论，让他们运用批判性思维和论证能力来支 持自己的观点。 第五课：综合训练和反馈 1. 综合训练：给学生一篇雅思作文题目，让他们在规定时间内完成一篇作文， 并运用之前学到的技巧和策略。 2. 互评和反馈：学生互相交换作文并进行评价，老师也给予详细的反馈和建议。 3. 总结和展望：与学生一起总结他们在这个教学计划中所学到的知识和技能， 并展望他们在雅思写作考试中的提高。 教学资源： 1. 雅思写作评分标准和要求的介绍材料。 2. 一篇范文和相关的评分标准。
第一节图表作文 类型： 曲线图（line chart, graph） 饼状图（pie chart） 柱状图（bar chart） 表格图（table） 应对方法： ●Summarize the general features/trends; ●Select important information; ●Compare and contrast data. ● 图表作文基本结构 首段：首句this graph shows the number/proportion/… of… (统计对象)in…(地点) in…(时间) 第二句有可能的话总结总体趋势/特征 中间段落：顺次描述趋势，指出重要数据（极值点、相同点、始末点）末段：重申最重要的趋势/特征
核心词汇 表示变化趋势的词汇： 1）表示上升 2）表示下降 3）表示不变remain stable/steady; stay constant; 4）几个特殊点 在…附近波动：fluctuate (around) 达到顶点（最大值）peak at; reach the highest point… 达到低谷（最小值）hit the lowest point… 表示变化幅度的词汇 1）幅度大dramatically; sharply; considerably; substantially 2）幅度中等moderately; steadily 3）幅度小slightly; small; minimal Task 1 例题 The table below shows three social and economic indicators of seven American countries for the year 1997.
IELTS Writing 雅思写作 课程教案 Foreign Language Teaching and Research Department Heilongjiang University
Chapter One 雅思学术类（A类）写作考试简介 I.Teaching Objectives On completion of this Chapter, students should be able to: 1.have some information about IELTS Writing 2.have some insights into the procedure of the exam. II.The Points to Be Highlighted 雅思写作要求考生60分钟内完成两篇作文。A类、G类小作文不同，大作文相同。 Task 1要求考生在20分钟内完成一篇至少150词的文章。G类要求考生针对题目要求写一封信（投诉信、请求信、建议信、寻找失物信和邀请信）；A类要求考生针对题目要求写一个报告，对图表或表格进行描述或说明。小作文一般180－200词左右为宜。 Task 2要求考生在40分钟内完成一篇至少250词的议论文。G类一般比A类简单些，有时G类作文曾是A类作问题。Task 2要求考生对某个观点发表支持或反对意见，或者讨论对立的一组观点，或者解释某种问题出现的原因并提出相应的解决办法。字数以300词左右为宜。 III.T eaching Approaches and Facilities Approaches: 1. Discussion 2. Questions and answers Facilities: blackboard; on-line research; IV.Teaching Procedures and Contents 1.Lead-in 要求学生回答问题： 为什么想要参加雅思考试？你认为雅思考试和我们国内的考试有何不同？ 2.Specific Contents 1 雅思写作考试简介 雅思考试共2小时55分钟，写作是笔试最后一项（一般是周六上午），考查英语笔头综合表达能力，包括思维、逻辑、知识和经验。雅思写作一直被认为是难度较大但通过有针对性的训练后成绩提高最显著的一项测试。（在听说读写四项考查内容中，中国学生的阅读和听力较好，但中国考生平均成绩明显低于全球总平均成绩，口语成绩为各项目最低。） 1.1 雅思写作分类
Lecture One How to Write the Introductory and Concluding Paragraphs? 1. NEW Changes to IELTS Writing Rubrics from January 2006 From January 2006 there are a number of changes to the IELTS Writing rubrics. These changes are to be introduced in order to further clarify what candidates are expected to write. The changes are outlined below. IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 “Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information below.” is to be replaced with: “Summari ze the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.” IELTS Academic Writing Task 2 “Present a written argument or case to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic. You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence.” is to be replaced with: “Write about the following topic: Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. It is important to note that in the Academic Writing module candidates are expected to write in a style appropriate to an academic context. The writing should therefore be formal.” IELTS General Training Writing Task 1 “You do NOT need to write your own address.” is to be replaced with: “You do NOT need to write any addresses.”
雅思备考写作提纲18篇 一、跳槽的原因及解决办法 1、相关词汇： fierce competition heavy pressure job-hopping is looked upon to move upward quickly keep skill fresh and up to date acclimatize themselves to the rapidly changing society 2、原因： （1）社会压力大，人们的竞争意识增强，不断改变以适应社会的变化。 （2）处于个人发展的需要，寻求升职，更新知识。 （3）金钱的诱惑，不在乎在哪儿工作，做什么职业，只要挣钱多。 （4）家庭原因，spouse工作地点改变或孩子去其他地方上学。 3、解决方法： （1）要理性看待，一般来说，stability equals success。 （2）chronic job-hopper将被questioned integrity and loyalty ，not reliable。 （3）政府和mass media应该鼓励人们扎根一个地方，扎扎实实干事业，并且尽可能提高welfare，改善城市和community的环境，留住人才。 （4）公司应该提高工资待遇，给employee创造一个良好的工作环境，在保证企业利润的同时要考虑员工个人发展，增加培训，扩充员工的知识。 二、大学是否应该根据就业教授学生知识，大学的主要功能是什么 平衡写： 1、认为应该提供实际知识的： （1）大学生毕业就要找工作，因此要培养学生掌握future job的技能。
（2）有人甚至声称理论没用，不是每个大学生都要做科学家。 2、反对方： （1）It will definitely be shortsighted to…目光短浅理论知识非常重要，理论指导实践，大学的职责不仅是教会学生一门技术，更重要的是教授一种方法。 （2）不学理论只学实际知识，会使学生变成utilitarian，narrow-minded，lack of imagination，如果学生要学的只是生存的技能，那就去vocational school。 3、总结 总之，我认为大学的功能是versatile的，促进学生all-around development，培养学生具有creative mind in some special field，而不只是教授该领域的实际知识，可以通过一些part-time job来获得。 三、个人不能对环境保护做不了什么，同意不同意 This is just an excuse for the ignorance of environmental protection. 1、分析环境恶化原因是缺乏环保意识。 2、给出解决办法。 四、维持博物馆是否是浪费金钱？ 1、提出自己的观点（反对）。 政府应该spend a lot of money to enrich the collection of museums to cater for different tastes or needs of different people．有的人认为是浪费钱，我认为是很有必要的。 2、博物馆很重要（博物馆的作用）。 （1）illuminate the culture，history and arts of the world. 比如，世界上最大的British Museum provide visitors with all-round knowledge about the world culture and arts,collections in it trace the development of civilization throughout the history of mankind. Definitely a heartquake！ （2）shoulder the responsibility to preserve and carry forward a country‘s tradition al culture. （3）serve as a significant mean of adolescent education,benefit both the present and future generation. 教育学生什么是美，purify their heart，也可以作为第二课堂，提供教学参考
雅思写作教案 雅思写作教案 一、教学目标： 1.了解雅思写作部分的考试形式和内容。 2.掌握雅思写作的基本要求和技巧。 3.提高学生的写作水平和应试能力。 二、教学准备： 1.课件（包括雅思写作部分的考试形式和要求）。 2.教材和练习题。 3.备有词汇表和参考范文。 三、教学步骤： Step 1: Introduction （5分钟） 1.向学生介绍雅思写作部分的考试形式和内容，包括任务类型（Task 1和Task 2）和要求。 2.解释雅思写作的评分标准，包括任务完成度、语言运用和组织结构等。
Step 2: Task 1 （15分钟） 1.讲解Task 1的基本要求和写作技巧。 2.举例说明如何快速分析图表数据和组织文章结构。 3.提供练习题，让学生运用所学知识进行写作练习。 Step 3: Task 2 （15分钟） 1.讲解Task 2的基本要求和写作技巧。 2.解释不同类型的题目，如观点题、讨论题和问题解决题等。 3.提供练习题，让学生进行文章写作练习。 Step 4: Vocabulary and Grammar （15分钟） 1.教授常用的雅思写作词汇和短语，并提供词汇表供学生参考。 2.讲解雅思写作中常见的语法错误和如何避免。 Step 5: Writing Practice （20分钟） 1.要求学生根据给定的题目进行写作练习。 2.给予学生反馈和建议，提供参考范文进行对比。
3.鼓励学生互相交流和讨论，提高写作能力。 Step 6: Review and Wrap-up （5分钟） 1.复习今天的内容，查漏补缺。 2.总结雅思写作的基本要求和技巧。 3.鼓励学生多进行写作练习，提高应试能力。 四、教学评价： 1.通过学生的写作练习和课堂表现进行评价。 2.根据学生的需求进行个别指导和辅导。 3.鼓励学生参加模拟考试，提高应试能力。 五、教学反思： 本次教学主要针对雅思写作的考试形式和要求进行了介绍，并提供了相应的写作技巧和练习题进行训练。课堂氛围活跃，学生积极参与讨论。但由于时间有限，只能简单介绍了一些基本知识和技巧，对于一些高级写作技巧和复杂题型的讲解还不够充分。因此，在今后的教学中，需要加强这方面的讲解和练习，帮助学生更好地应对雅思写作考试。
雅思写作教学大纲 雅思写作教学大纲 雅思写作是雅思考试中的一项重要组成部分，对于考生来说，掌握好写作技巧是提高分数的关键。本文将从写作教学大纲的制定、教学目标的设定以及教学内容的安排等方面，探讨如何制定一份高效的雅思写作教学大纲。 一、教学大纲的制定 教学大纲是教学过程中的指导性文件，它规定了教学的目标、内容、方法和评价方式等。制定一份高质量的雅思写作教学大纲需要考虑以下几个方面： 1. 教学目标：明确教学目标是制定教学大纲的首要任务。在雅思写作教学中，教学目标可以包括提高学生的写作能力、培养学生的写作思维、提升学生的语言表达能力等。通过明确教学目标，可以更好地指导教学过程，使学生能够有针对性地提升自己的写作水平。 2. 教学内容：教学内容是教学大纲的核心部分，它包括了教学的知识点、技能要求和任务安排等。在雅思写作教学中，可以将教学内容分为写作技巧、写作范文分析和写作练习三个方面。写作技巧包括了如何构思、组织和表达观点等方面的技巧；写作范文分析可以通过分析优秀范文来帮助学生理解写作要求和提高写作水平；写作练习则是通过大量的写作练习来巩固所学的知识和技巧。 3. 教学方法：教学方法是实现教学目标和教学内容的手段和途径。在雅思写作教学中，可以采用多种教学方法，如讲授法、讨论法、案例分析法、合作学习法等。通过灵活运用不同的教学方法，可以激发学生的学习兴趣，提高学习效果。 4. 评价方式：评价方式是对学生学习情况进行评价的方法和标准。在雅思写作
教学中，可以采用定期模拟考试、作业评价、互评等方式对学生的写作水平进行评价。通过及时的反馈和评价，可以帮助学生发现自己的不足之处，并加以改进。 二、教学目标的设定 设定明确的教学目标对于教学的顺利进行非常重要。在制定雅思写作教学目标时，可以参考以下几个方面： 1. 提高学生的写作能力：通过系统的写作训练，培养学生的写作技巧和写作能力，使其能够熟练地应对各种写作任务。 2. 培养学生的写作思维：通过引导学生思考和分析问题，培养其批判性思维和逻辑思维能力，使其能够准确地表达自己的观点。 3. 提升学生的语言表达能力：通过大量的词汇和语法练习，提高学生的语言表达能力，使其能够准确、流畅地表达自己的意思。 三、教学内容的安排 在制定教学内容时，可以按照以下步骤进行安排： 1. 写作技巧的讲解：首先，可以通过讲解写作技巧来引导学生了解写作的基本要求和技巧。例如，如何合理地组织文章结构、如何运用恰当的连接词、如何使用丰富多样的词汇等。 2. 范文分析：其次，可以通过分析优秀范文来帮助学生理解写作要求和提高写作水平。通过对范文的分析，学生可以学习到优秀作文的写作思路、语言表达方式和逻辑结构等。 3. 写作练习：最后，可以通过大量的写作练习来巩固所学的知识和技巧。可以设计一些写作任务，让学生在规定的时间内完成，并给予及时的反馈和指导。