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英语从句类型总结

英语从句类型总结
英语从句类型总结

英语从句类型总结

在复合句中主句是全句的主体,从句是全句的一个成分,不能独立。从句在复合句中的功用,和简单句中的句子成分的功用类似,可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语(以上为名词性从句)、定语、状语等。因此,它可以分为主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语、和状语从句。

一、定语从句

在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的有关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that等和关系副词where, when, why 等,关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。

1.由who引导的定语从句中,who用作主语,如:

This is the boy who often helps me.

2.由whom引导的定语从句中,whom用作宾语,如:

The man whom you are waiting for has gone home.

3.由whose引导的定语从句中,whose用作定语,如:

Do you know the girl whose skirt is white?

4.由which引导的定语从句中,which用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语,如:This is the book which has been retranslated into many languages. 这就是那本有多种语言译本的书。(关系代词Which用作主语。)

5.由that引导的定语从句中,that可以指人或物,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语,但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语,如:

The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun.

6.由when, where, why引导的定语从句,如:

I don't know the reason why he was late.

This is the place where we have lived for 5 years.

I'll never forget the day when I met Mr Li for the first time.

注意:先行词是表示地点时,如果从句的谓语动词是及物的,就用 that(which),如果从句的谓语动词是不及物的,就用where引导。This is the house Which /that he has lived in for 15 years.(Where he has lived for 15 year.)

7. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

(1)限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分,主句和从句之间不用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, of which等,这些关系代词都不能省略。

(2)非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明,没有这种从句,不影响主句意思的完整,一般用逗号把主句和从句分开,关系代词用 which,不用that;指人时可用who,如:I have two brothers, who are both students.

二、状语从句

由从句担任的状语,在句子中可修饰谓语(或其它动词)、形容词、副词或是整个句子,它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。状语从句是一较大的语法项目,也是近几年高考题中常见的一个重要试点。高考中已考查了时间、让步、地点、条件、目的等状语从句,这些从句仍是今后高考热点,应作充分准备。同时对方式状语从句也应引起重视。

1、时间状语从句

表示时间的状语从句可由when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till (until),

since, once, as soon as (或the moment ), by the time, no sooner than, hardly (scarcely) when, every time等引导。

When I came into the office, the teachers were having a meeting.

He started as soon as he received the news.

Once you see him, you will never forget him.

No sooner had I gone to bed than I went to sleep.

2、原因状语从句

原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的,引导这类从句的最常用的连词是because, since, as , now that(既然)等,for 表示因果关系时(它引导的不是从句)为并列连词,语气不如because强。

He is disappointed because he didn't get the position.

As it is raining, I will not go out.

Now that you mention it, I do remember.

3、地点状语从句

引导地点状语从句的连词是where 和wherever等。

Sit wherever you like.

Make a mark where you have a question.

4、目的状语从句

引导目的状语从句最常用的词(组)是so, so that(从句谓语常有情态动词), in order that, in case(以防,以免)等。

Speak clearly, so that they may understand you.

She has bought the book in order that she could follow the TV lessons.

He left early in case he should miss the train.

5、结果状语从句

结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句,通常主句是原因,从句是结果。由so that (从句谓语一般没有情态动词), so that, such that等引导。

She was ill, so that she didnt attend the meeting.

He was so excited that he could not say a word.

She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.

6、条件状语从句

条件状语从句分真实性(有可能实现的事情)与非真实性(条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情)条件句。引导条件状语从句的词(组)主要有if, unless, so (as) long as, on condition that, so (as) far as, if only ( = if )。注意:条件从句中的if 不能用whether替换。

If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch.

You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean.

So far as I know(据我所知), he will be away for three months.

You can go swimming on condition that ( = if ) you dont go too far away from the river bank.

If he had come a few minutes earlier, he could have seen her.

7、让步状语从句

让步状语从句可由although, though, as, even if (though), however, whatever, whether or, no matter who (when, what, ) 等引导。注意:as引导的让步状语从句一般是倒装的。Though he is a child, he knows a lot.

Child as he is, he knows a lot.

Whatever ( = No matter what ) you say, Ill never change my mind.

8、方式状语从句

方式状语从句常由as, as if (though), the way, rather than等引导。

You must do the exercise as I show you.

He acted as if nothing had happened.

9、比较状语从句

比较状语从句常用than, so (as) as, the more the more等引导。

I have made a lot more mistakes than you have.

He smokes cigarettes as expensive as he can afford.

The busier he is, the happier he feels.

三、名词性从句

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses)。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:连词:that(无任何词意);whether, if(均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性);as if ,as though(均表示“好像”,“似乎”)。以上在从句中均不充当任何成分

连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. Whichever, whomever 连接副词:when, where, how, why

具体分类

1.主语从句

作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。例如:

What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。

Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。

2.宾语从句

名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样,在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。

(1)由连接词that引导的宾语从句

由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如:

He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。(2)用who,whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如:

I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。

3.表语从句

在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用as if引导。其基本结构为:主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如:

The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。

That's just what I want. 这正是我想要的。

4.同位语从句

同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导,可用于同位语从句的名词有advice,demand,doubt,fact,hope,idea,information,message,news,order,problem,promise,question,request,suggestion,truth,wish,word等。例如:

The news that we won the game is exciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。

I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。

初中英语语法——三大从句汇总(重点笔记)知识讲解

初中英语语法——三大从句汇总 在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即 状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。以 下是一些基本的从句的语法知识点 A、定语从句专项讲解与训练 一、定语从句概念 定语从句(attributive clause),顾名思义,就是一个句子作定语从属于主句。定语一般是由形容词充当,所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。另外,定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的,故又称作关系从句。 定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后,这种名词或代词被称作先行词。请看示例: The woman who lives next door is a teacher. 先行词定语从句 在所有的从句中,算定语从句最难掌握,因为汉语里没有定语从句,汉语里只有定语,而且总是放在名词之前来修饰名词。 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词代替前面的先行词,并且在定语从句中充当句子成分,可以作主语、宾语、定语等。常见的关系代词有:who, that, which。它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示: 先行词主格宾格所有格 人 who whom whose 物 which which whose of which 人、物 that that — (一)关系代词who, whom和 whose的用法 who代替人,是主格,在定语从句中作主语。例如: An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。

I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year of my senior middle school.我将永远不会忘记在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。 Anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first. 想应聘这个职位的任何人都必须先通过电子邮件向我们发送简历。whom代替人,是宾格,在定语从句作宾语,在非正式英语常可省略。例如:Do you know the gentleman whom we met in the school library yesterday? 昨天我们在学校图书馆里遇到的那位先生你认识吗? This is the student whom my father taught ten years ago.这是我爸爸十年前教的学生。 The girl who I saw is called Mary. 我见到的那个女孩名叫玛丽。(在非正式英语中,主格who代替了宾格whom,亦可省略) whose一般代替人,有时亦可代替物,是所有格,在定语从句作定语。例如:The girl student whose father is a senior engineer used to study abroad. 其父是一位高级工程师的那个女学生过去在国外留学。 Do you know the name of the hotel whose window we can see here? 我们这儿能看到窗户的那个宾馆叫什么名字,你知道吗?(关系代词whose指代先行词hotel,正式用法应该用of which。whose window=the window of which,意思是:the window of the hotel。) (二)关系代词which的用法 which代替物,在定语从句作主语或宾语,作宾语时还可省略。例如: I do not like stories which have unhappy endings. 我不喜欢有不幸结局的小说。(which可以换成that) Tom works for a factory which makes watches. 汤姆在一个制表厂工作。(which可以换成that) (三)关系代词that的用法 that既可指人又可指物,在当代英语中大多指物,在定语从句作主语或宾语,作宾语时还可省略。例如: Is she the girl that sells newspapers? 她是卖报纸的那个女孩吗?(that可以换成who) Where is the ice-cream that was in the fridge?

高中英语状语从句讲解汇总

高中英语状语从句讲解汇总 原因从句 除了下面A2,A3中所示各种类型外,这两种从句均可由as或because来引导。但是用as引导原因从句较为稳妥(参见A);用because引导结果/原因从句较为稳妥(参见B)。 A 原因从句 1 由as/because/since 引导的原因从句: We camped there as/because/since it was too dark to go on. 我们在那里露宿是因为天太黑,不能再继续往前走了。 As/Because/Since it was too dark to go on,we camped there. [ 因为天太黑不能再继续往前走,我们就在那儿露宿了。 2 in view of the fact that可用as/since/seeing that来表示,但不能用because: As/Since/Seeing that you are here,you may as well give me a hand. 既然你在这儿,你就帮我个忙吧。 As/Since/Seeing that Tom knows French,he’d better do the talking. 既然汤姆懂法语,最好让他来谈。 3 在as/since/seeing that意指以前共知的或共知的陈述时,可用if来代替: ~ As/Since/Seeing that/If you don’t like Bill,why did you invite him 既然/如果你不喜欢比尔,你为什么邀请了他 注意:if so的用法: —I hope Bill won’t come. —If so(=If you hope he won’t come),why did you invite him —我希望比尔别来。 —如果这样(=如果你希望他不来),你为什么邀请了他 关于if+so/not,参见第347节。 ~ B 结果从句由because或as引导: The fuse blew because we had overloaded the circuit. 保险丝烧断了,因为我们使线路超载了。 He was angry because we were late. 他生气是因为我们来晚了。 As it froze hard that night there was ice everywhere next day. 因为那天晚上冷得厉害,所以第二天到处都是冰。 ~ As the soup was very salty we were thirsty afterwards. 因为这汤很咸,后来我们渴得厉害。

英语六大句式及十大从句类型

一、句型1: Subject (主语)+Verb (谓语) 这种句型中得动词大多就就是不及物动词,常见得动词如: work,sing, swim,f ish, jump,arrive, e, die,disappear,cry, happen等。如: 1) Li Ming worksvery hard、李明学习很努力。 2) Thelittle girl cried even harder、小女孩哭得更厉害了。 3)The accident happened yesterday afternoon、事故就就是昨天下午发生得。 二、句型2:Subject (主语) + Link、V(系动词) +Predicate(表语) 这种句型主要用来表示主语得特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类: (1)表示状态。这样得词有:be,look, seem,smell,taste, sound,keep 等。如: 1) This kind offood tastes delicious、这种食物吃起来很可口。 2) He looked worriedjust now、刚才她瞧上去有些焦急。 (2)表示变化。这类系动词有:bee,turn,get, grow, go等。如: 1)Spring es、Itis getting warmerand warmer、春天到了,天气变得越来越暖与。 2) The treehasgrown much taller than before、这棵树比以前长得高多了。 三、句型3:Subject(主语) + Verb (谓语)+Object (宾语) 这种句型中得动词一般为及物动词。其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。 1)He tookhis bag and left、(名词)她拿着书包离开了。 2) LiLei alwayshelps mewhen I havedifficulties、(代词) 当我遇到困难时,李雷总能给我帮助。 3)She plans totravelin the ing May Day、(不定式)她打算在即将到来得“五一”外出旅游。 4) Idon’t know what Ishould do next、(从句)我不知道下一步该干什么。

高中英语从句总结

高中英语从句总结 1)主语从句 1.定义:用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2.构成:关联词+简单句 3.引导主语从句的关联词有三类: (1)从属连词that.如:That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显,她们确是亲姐妹,她们的脸型很相似。 (2)从属连词whether.如: Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。 (3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever 连接副词 where,when,how,why.如: What she did is not yet known.她干了什么尚不清楚。 How this happened is not clear to anyone.这事怎样发生的,谁也不清楚。 Whoever comes is welcome.不论谁来都欢迎。 Wherever you are is my home —— my only home.你所在的任何地方就是我的家——我唯一的家。 解释: 1.主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有: +be+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that从句。如: It is certain that she will do well in her exam.毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。 It is probable that he told her everything.很可能他把一切都告诉她了。 +be+名词词组(no wonder,an honor,a good thing,a pity,no surprise,etc.)+that从句。如: It’s a pity that we can’t go.很遗憾我们不能去。 It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game.我们没赢这场比赛真意外。 +be+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that从句。如: It is said that has arrived in Beijing.据说格林先生已经到了北京。 It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit. 据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。 +seem,happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。如: It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at 似乎不来参加晚会。 It happened that I was out that day.碰巧我那天外出了。 +doesn’t matter(makes no difference,etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如: It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.她是否来这无关紧要。 It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.我们在哪里开会毫无区别。

英语所有从句大全

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