【尚友制造】36套阅读解析exer15

T P O36阅读文本和题目正式版TPO36-1The First EyePutting a date on the first appearance of eyes depends on what one means by eye. If the term refers to a multicellular organ, even if it has just a few cells, then by definition, eyes could not form before there were multicellular animals. But many protists (animal-like, plantlike, or fungus-like unicellular organisms that require a water-based environment) can detect light by using aggregations of pigment molecules, and they use this information to modify their metabolic activity or motility (the ability to move spontaneously and independently). One of the familiar living examples, probably known to anyone who has taken a biology class, is the aquatic protozoan Euglena, which has an eyespot near its motile fIagellum (hairlike structure). Some living protists are very like their ancestral forms embedded in ancient sedimentary rocks, and this similarity suggests that the ability to detect light and modify behavior in response to light has been around for a very long time. Animals arose from one of such unicellular creatures, perhaps from one already specialized for a primitive kind of vision.An eye is a collection of cells that are specialized for light detection through the presence of photosensitive pigment as well as a means of restricting the direction of incoming light that will strike the photosensitive cells. This definition says nothing about image formation, lenses, eye movements, or any of the other features we associate with our own eyes, but it does recognize the simplest form of functional and anatomical specialisation namely, detection of light. Everything else can be built up from this simple beginning, and some animals appear to have had eyes almost from the beginning of the animal kingdom.Animals were scarce 600 million years ago in the geological era called the Precambrian. There are very few fossil remains from that time (though more keep turning up), and most evidence of the presence of animals is indirect, such as small tunnels in rock that could be ancient worm burrowings. But just 50 million years or so later, fossilized bits and pieces of animals abound, suggesting that a great burst of evolutionary creativity occurred in the 50-million-year interval. This surge of new life, marked by an abundance of animals, is called the Cambrian explosion.The first direct evidence for the early origin of eyes comes from fossils that are about 530 million years old, a time shortly after the Cambrian explosion; they were found on a mountainside in British Columbia in a deposit known as the Burgess Shale. The Burgess Shale fossils are extraordinarily important because among them are remains of soft-bodied creatures, many of them lacking shells and other hard parts that fossilize easily. Consequently, their preservation is little short of miraculous (as are the delicate methods used to reconstruct three-dimensional structure from these flattened fossils), and they are one of the few known repositories of early soft-bodied animals.Not all of the Burgess animals had eyes. However, some did. (Gross features location, size, and hemispheric shape are responsible for the designation of some structures as eyes). The reconstructed eyes of these Burgess animals look superficially like eyes of some living crustaceans, particularly those of shrimp and crabs whose eyes are mounted on stalks that improve the range of vision by raising the eyes above the surface of the head. The eyes of some Burgess organisms sat on stalks; those of others were on or a part of the body surface. One animal, Opabinia, had five eyes: two lateral pairs and a single medial eye; at least one of the lateral pairs had stalks that could have been movable. And some trilobite-like animals in the Burgess Shale had faceted eyes much like those of later fossil trilobites.Although the presence of eyes on some of the Burgess animals indicates that eyes have been around for a very long time, it is unlikely that these were the first eyes; they seem much too large and (potentially) well developed to be brand new inventions. The best we can do is put the origin of eyes somewhere between thebeginning of the Cambrian explo sion, about 600 million years ago, and the death of the Burgess animals, some 530 million years ago.Paragraph 1: Putting a date on the first appearance of eyes depends on what one means by eye. If the term refers to a multicellular organ, even if it has just a few cells, then by definition, eyes could not form before there were multicellular animals. But many protists (animal-like, plantlike, or fungus-like unicellular organisms that require a water-based environment) can detect light by using aggregations of pigment molecules, and they use this information to modify their metabolic activity or motility (the ability to move spontaneously and independently). One of the familiar living examples, probably known to anyone who has taken a biology class, is the aquatic protozoan Euglena, which has an eyespot near its motile fIagellum (hairlike structure). Some living protists are very like their ancestral forms embedded in ancient sedimentary rocks, and this similarity suggests that the ability to detect light and modify behavior in response to light has been around for a very long time. Animals arose from one of such unicellular creatures, perhaps from one already specialized for a primitive kind of vision.1. The word “aggregations” in the passage is closest in meaning to☐Parts.☐Reactions.☐Groups.☐Types.2. Paragraph 1 supports all of the following statements about protists EXCEPT:☐Some are multicellular.☐Some are able to move.☐Some have pigment molecules.☐They live in environments that contain moisture.3. According to paragraph 1, what have scientists concluded from the fact that some living protists are very like their ancestral forms☐The eye did not evolve until multicellular organisms arose.☐The ability to detect light and change behavior in response to light has existed for a long time.☐The ancestral forms of these living protists likely had an eyespot near the motile flagellum.☐The ancestral forms of these living protists depended primarily on light as the mechanism for modifying their metabolic activity or motility.Paragraph 2: An eye is a collection of cells that are specialized for light detection through the presence of photosensitive pigment as well as a means of restricting the direction of incoming light that will strike the photosensitive cells. This definition says nothing about image formation, lenses, eye movements, or any of the other features we associate with our own eyes, but it does recognize the simplest form of functional and anatomical specialisation namely, detection of light. Everything else can be built up from this simple beginning, and some animals appear to have had eyes almost from the beginning of the animal kingdom. 4. Paragraph 2 implies which of the following about the early eyes☐They were able to detect simple movements almost from the beginning of their evolution.☐They were not as sensitive to light as once thought.☐They could not form images.☐Their cells had more photosensitive pigment than do human eyesParagraph 3: Animals were scarce 600 million years ago in the geological era called the Precambrian. There are very few fossil remains from that time (though more keep turning up), and most evidence of the presence of animals is indirect, such as small tunnels in rock that could be ancient worm burrowings. But just 50million years or so later, fossilized bits and pieces of animals abound, suggesting that a great burst of evolutionary creativity occurred in the 50-million-year interval. This surge of new life, marked by an abundance of animals, is called the Cambrian explosion.5. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage. Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.☐There are few fossils from the Precambrian, though more keep turning up.☐Most evidence of animals in the fossil record is indirect and little of it is from the Precambrian.☐Tunnels in Precambrian rocks that may have been made by worms provide indirect evidence of these animals existing at that time.☐There are very few fossils of animals from the Precambrian and most evidence of animal life from that period is indirect.6. According to paragraph 3, the Cambrian period was characterized by☐ A great abundance of animals☐ A slow rate of animal extinction☐The rapid fossilization of animals☐An increase in the life span of some animalsParagraph 4: The first direct evidence for the early origin of eyes comes from fossils that are about 530 million years old, a time shortly after the Cambrian explosion; they were found on a mountainside in British Columbia in a deposit known as the Burgess Shale. The Burgess Shale fossils are extraordinarily important because among them are remains of soft-bodied creatures, many of them lacking shells and other hard parts that fossilize easily. Consequently, their preservation is little short of miraculous (as are the delicate methods used to reconstruct three-dimensional structure from these flattened fossils), and they are one of the few known repositories of early soft-bodied animals.7. The phrase little short of miraculous is closest in meaning☐To very highly valued☐Amazing because almost impossible☐Causing controversy☐Almost but not quite complete8. According to paragraph 4, all of the following are true of the Burgess Shale EXCEPT:☐Its fossils were in a flattened condition when discovered.☐Its fossils provide direct evidence about the origin of eyes.☐It contains fossils of both Precambrian and Cambrian animals.☐It contains fossilized remains of soft-bodied organisms.Paragraph 5: Not all of the Burgess animals had eyes. However, some did. (Gross features location, size, and hemispheric shape are responsible for the designation of some structures as eyes). The reconstructed eyes of these Burgess animals look superficially like eyes of some living crustaceans, particularly those of shrimp and crabs whose eyes are mounted on stalks that improve the range of vision by raising the eyes above the surface of the head. The eyes of some Burgess organisms sat on stalks; those of others were on or a part of the body surface. One animal, Opabinia, had five eyes: two lateral pairs and a single medial eye; at least one of the lateral pairs had stalks that could have been movable. And some trilobite-like animals in the Burgess Shale had faceted eyes much like those of later fossil trilobites.9. The word designation in the passage is closest in meaning to☐Evolution☐Identification☐Reconstruction☐Confusion10. The word lateral in the passage indicates a location at the☐Front☐Back☐Top☐Side11. Why does the author point out that The eyes of some Burgess organisms sat on stalks?☐To suggest that some Burgess organisms had a greater range of vision than do living shrimp and crabs ☐To explain why it is thought that one of the lateral pairs of eyes in Opabinia may have been movable ☐To explain why the eyes of some Burgess animals were not recognizable as such before they were reconstructed☐To support the statement that the reconstructed eyes of Burgess animals look superficially like the eyes of some living crustaceansParagraph 6: Although the presence of eyes on some of the Burgess animals indicates that eyes have been around for a very long time, it is unlikely that these were the first eyes; they seem much too large and (potentially) well developed to be brand new inventions. The best we can do is put the origin of eyes somewhere between the beginning of the Cambrian explo sion, about 600 million years ago, and the death of the Burgess animals, some 530 million years ago.12. Paragraph 6 suggests that the first eyes probably☐Came into existence long before 600 million years ago☐Came into existence at a late point in the Cambrian period☐Existed before the animals of the Burgess Shale existed☐Were larger than those of animals found in the Burgess ShaleParagraph 1: Putting a date on the first appearance of eyes depends on what one means by eye. If the term refers to a multicellular organ, even if it has just a few cells, then by definition, eyes could not form before there were multicellular animals. ■But many protists (animal-like, plantlike, or fungus-like unicellular organisms that require a water-based environment) can detect light by using aggregations of pigment molecules, and they use this information to modify their metabolic activity or motility (the ability to move spontaneously and independently). ■One of the familiar living examples, probably known to anyone who has taken a biology class, is the aquatic protozoan Euglena, which has an eyespot near its motile fIagellum (hairlike structure). ■Some living protists are very like their ancestral forms embedded in ancient sedimentary rocks, and this similarity suggests that the ability to detect light and modify behavior in response to light has been around for a very long time. ■Animals arose from one of such unicellular creatures, perhaps from one already specialized for a primitive kind of vision.13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.Molaria spinifera and H. Optata, both of which lived in water levels beyond the reach of light, fit into this category.14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.Drag your choices to the spaces where they belong. To review the passage, click on View Text.Answer Choices☐The ability of some unicellular organisms to detect light and change their behavior accordingly suggests that eyes did not originate with multicellular animals.☐The earliest eyes apparently contained molecules that were capable of forming and focusing images.☐Too few fossils from the Precambrian have been found to determine which if any Precambrian organisms had eyes.☐Evidence from the Burgess Shale suggests that eyes of some early animals were similar to the eyes of living crustaceans.☐Fossil evidence suggests that organisms in the Burgess Shale with faceted eyes developed later than organisms in the Burgess Shale with n onfaceted eyes.☐The large size and possible complexity of the eyes of some organisms in the Burgess Shale suggest that their eyes were not the first eyes.TPO36-2The origin of Earth’s atmosphereIn order to understand the origin of Earth's atmosphere, we must go back to the earliest days of the solar system, before the planets themselves were formed from a disk of rocky material spinning around the young Sun. This material gradually coalesced into lumps called planetesimals as gravity and chance smashed smaller pieces together, a chaotic and violent process that became more so as planetesimals grew in size and gravitational pull. Within each orbit, collisions between planetesimals generated immense heat and energy. How violent these processes were is suggested by the odd tilt and spin of many of the planets, which indicate that each of the planets was, like a billiard ball, struck at some stage by another large body of some kind. Visual evidence of these processes can be seen by looking at the Moon. Because the Moon has no atmosphere, its surface is not subject to erosion, so it retains the marks of its early history. Its face is deeply scarred by millions of meteoric impacts, as you can see on a clear night with a pair of binoculars. The early Earth did not have much of an atmosphere. Before it grew to full size, its gravitational pull was insufficient to prevent gases from drifting off into space, while the solar wind (the great stream of atomic particles emitted from the Sun) had already driven away much of the gaseous material from the inner orbits of the solar system. So we must imagine the early Earth as a mixture of rocky materials, metals, and trapped gases, subject to constant bombardment by smaller planetesimals and without much of an atmosphere.As it began to reach full size, Earth heated up, partly because of collisions with other planetesimals and partly because of increasing internal pressures as it grew in size. In addition, the early Earth contained abundant radioactive materials, also a source of heat. As Earth heated up, its interior melted. Within the molten interior, under the influence of gravity, different elements were sorted out by density. By about 40 million years after the formation of the solar system, most of the heavier metallic elements in the early Earth, such as iron and nickel, had sunk through the hot sludge to the center giving Earth a core dominated by iron. This metallic core gives Earth its characteristic magnetic field, which has played an extremely important role in the history of our planet.As heavy materials headed for the center of Earth, lighter silicates (such as the mineral quartz) drifted upward. The denser silicates formed Earth's mantle, a region almost 3,000 kilometers thick between the core and the crust. With the help of bombardment by comets, whose many impacts scarred and heated Earth's surface, the lightest silicates rose to Earth's surface, where they cooled more rapidly than the better- insulated materials in Earth's interior. These lighter materials, such as the rocks we call granites, formed alayer of continental crust about 35 kilometers thick. Relative to Earth as a whole, this is as thin as an eggshell. Seafloor crust is even thinner, at about 7 kilometers; thus, even continental crust reaches only about 1/200th of the way to Earth's core. Much of the early continental crust has remained on Earth's surface to the present day.The lightest materials of all, including gases such as hydrogen and helium, bubbled through Earth's interior to the surface. So we can imagine the surface of the early Earth as a massive volcanic field. And we can judge pretty well what gases bubbled up to that surface by analyzing the mixture of gases emitted by volcanoes. These include hydrogen, helium, methane, water vapor, nitrogen, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide. Other materials, including large amounts of water vapor, were brought in by cometary bombardments. Much of the hydrogen and helium escaped; but once Earth was fully formed, it was large enough for its gravitational field to hold most of the remaining gases, and these formed Earth's first stable atmosphere. Paragraph 1: In order to understand the origin of Earth's atmosphere, we must go back to the earliest days of the solar system, before the planets themselves were formed from a disk of rocky material spinning around the young Sun. This material gradually coalesced into lumps called planetesimals as gravity and chance smashed smaller pieces together, a chaotic and violent process that became more so as planetesimals grew in size and gravitational pull. Within each orbit, collisions between planetesimals generated immense heat and energy. How violent these processes were is suggested by the odd tilt and spin of many of the planets, which indicate that each of the planets was, like a billiard ball, struck at some stage by another large body of some kind. Visual evidence of these processes can be seen by looking at the Moon. Because the Moon has no atmosphere, its surface is not subject to erosion, so it retains the marks of its early history. Its face is deeply scarred by millions of meteoric impacts, as you can see on a clear night with a pair of binoculars. The early Earth did not have much of an atmosphere. Before it grew to full size, its gravitational pull was insufficient to prevent gases from drifting off into space, while the solar wind (the great stream of atomic particles emitted from the Sun) had already driven away much of the gaseous material from the inner orbits of the solar system. So we must imagine the early Earth as a mixture of rocky materials, metals, and trapped gases, subject to constant bombardment by smaller planetesimals and without much of an atmosphere.1. The word coalesced in the passage is closest in meaning to☐Collided☐Joined☐Changed☐Shrank2. The word chaotic in the passage is closest in meaning to☐Rapid☐Disorganized☐Intense☐Long-lasting3. All of the following are true of the planetesimals mentioned in paragraph 1 EXCEPT:☐They were formed of rocky material spinning around the early Sun.☐They collided violently with each other.☐They gradually grew in size.☐They lost their atmospheres as they were hit by larger bodies.4. The word retains in the passage is closest in meaning to☐Reveals☐Acquires☐Hides☐Preserves5. The author discusses the Moon in paragraph 1 in order to☐Help explain why Earth had fewer meteoric impacts than other planets in the solar system☐Show why it is difficult to understand how the first planetary atmospheres developed☐Help explain the processes that took place in the formation of large planetary bodies in the solar system ☐Illustrate why the Moon's spin and tilt are unique among other planetary bodies in the solar system6. The word constant in the passage is closest in meaning to☐Considerable☐Unpredictable☐Continual☐ViolentParagraph 2: As it began to reach full size, Earth heated up, partly because of collisions with other planetesimals and partly because of increasing internal pressures as it grew in size. In addition, the early Earth contained abundant radioactive materials, also a source of heat. As Earth heated up, its interior melted. Within the molten interior, under the influence of gravity, different elements were sorted out by density. By about 40 million years after the formation of the solar system, most of the heavier metallic elements in the early Earth, such as iron and nickel, had sunk through the hot sludge to the center giving Earth a core dominated by iron. This metallic core gives Earth its characteristic magnetic field, which has played an extremely important role in the history of our planet.7. Paragraph 2 answers which of the following questions about early Earth☐What caused materials on Earth to become radioactive☐What percentage of Earth's core was nickel☐What internal pressures caused Earth to heat up as it grew in size☐What caused Earth's magnetic field8. According to paragraph 2, Earth's core is mostly iron because, compared to most other elements on early Earth, iron☐was denser☐melted more easily☐was more radioactive☐was more plentifulParagraph 3: As heavy materials headed for the center of Earth, lighter silicates (such as the mineral quartz) drifted upward. The denser silicates formed Earth's mantle, a region almost 3,000 kilometers thick between the core and the crust. With the help of bombardment by comets, whose many impacts scarred and heated Earth's surface, the lightest silicates rose to Earth's surface, where they cooled more rapidly than the better- insulated materials in Earth's interior. These lighter materials, such as the rocks we call granites, formed a layer of continental crust about 35 kilometers thick. Relative to Earth as a whole, this is as thin as an eggshell. Seafloor crust is even thinner, at about 7 kilometers; thus, even continental crust reaches only about 1/200th of the way to Earth's core. Much of the early continental crust has remained on Earth's surface to the present day.10. According to paragraph 3, Earth's continental crust☐has changed significantly in composition over time☐was as thick as Earth's mantle in its early stages☐is very thin relative to Earth's size☐caused the temperatures of Earth's early core and mantle to gradually increaseParagraph 4: The lightest materials of all, including gases such as hydrogen and helium, bubbled through Earth's interior to the surface. So we can imagine the surface of the early Earth as a massive volcanic field.And we can judge pretty well what gases bubbled up to that surface by analyzing the mixture of gases emitted by volcanoes. These include hydrogen, helium, methane, water vapor, nitrogen, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide. Other materials, including large amounts of water vapor, were brought in by cometary bombardments. Much of the hydrogen and helium escaped; but once Earth was fully formed, it was large enough for its gravitational field to hold most of the remaining gases, and these formed Earth's first stable atmosphere.11. The word emitted in the passage is closest in meaning to☐Released☐Consumed☐Contained☐Heated12. What can be inferred from paragraph 4 about Earth's first stable atmosphere?☐It existed before Earth was yet fully formed.☐It contained very little hydrogen and helium.☐It contained only materials that had bubbled up through Earth's surface.☐It lacked water vapor.Paragraph 3: As heavy materials headed for the center of Earth, lighter silicates (such as the mineral quartz) drifted upward. The denser silicates formed Earth's mantle, a region almost 3,000 kilometers thick between the core and the crust. With the help of bombardment by comets, whose many impacts scarred and heated Earth's surface, the lightest silicates rose to Earth's surface, where they cooled more rapidly than the better-insulated materials in Earth's interior. ■These lighter materials, such as the rocks we call granites, formed a layer of continental crust about 35 kilometers thick. ■Relative to Earth as a whole, this is as thin as an eggshell. ■Seafloor crust is even thinner, at about 7 kilome ters; thus, even continental crust reaches only about 1/200th of the way to Earth's core. Much of the early continental crust has remained on Earth's surface to the present day. ■13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.Even some of its oldest portions as old as 3.8 billion years can still be found in parts of Canada, Australia, South Africa, and Greenland.14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This questions is worth 2 points.Drag your choices to the spaces where they belong.Answer Choices☐Early Earth's lack of an atmosphere explains why it was bombarded with much more frequency and violence than other planetesimals.☐Continued bombardments and internal pressures made the growing Earth hotter, causing its interior to melt and the heavier elements to sink and form Earth's core.☐Lighter elements from Earth's interior rose and formed the mantle, a denser layer of silicates around the core, and the crust, a thinner layer of silicates at Earth's surface.☐Early Earth's lack of an atmosphere explains why it was bombarded with much more frequency and violence than other planetesimals.☐Continued bombardments and internal pressures made the growing Earth hotter, causing its interior to melt and the heavier elements to sink and form Earth's core.。

topik第36届阅读翻译详解第36届阅读40.1.星期五和民秀见面 2.周末和美英登山 3.一周游泳两次 4.十月20 去购物41.，对不起。

因为我在图书馆不能接电话。

十分钟以后给你打电话。

1.民秀在图书馆2. 要去图书馆3.民秀10分钟以后打电话4. 给民秀打了电话42.孩子和妈妈爸爸一起制作美味的食物。

给咖啡喝橙汁1.妈妈交一万元2.咖啡和橙汁一起制作3.料理教室每周六有4.父母和孩子制作烤肉43.我学习画画。

每个周末去公园画画。

偶尔和妈妈去美术馆参观。

1.我和妈妈去公园2.妈妈学画画3.我在公园画画4.妈妈独自去美术馆44.今天晚上来客人。

所以早晨买了花还打扫了房间。

如果公司下班要早早地回家准备食物。

1. 要晚上清扫2.要和客人吃晚饭3.已经准备好了食物4.客人会买花来45.我心痛疲惫的时候和朋友见面。

和朋友见面把我的想法说给朋友。

那样的话心情好且愉快。

1.我很喜欢听朋友的故事2.我如果见到朋友心很痛3.我心情好的时候和朋友见面4.我疲惫的时候和朋友聊天。

46.我给孩子做书包。

也经常给其他的人做书包作为礼物。

虽然做书包困难但是很有意思。

1.我学习制作书包很困难2.我喜欢做书包3.我和别人一起做书包4.我给孩子做书包作为礼物。

47.朋友腿疼所以不能来上课。

我下午要告诉朋友作业。

打算明天先去朋友家一起去学校48.哥哥小的时候安静没有话。

所以喜欢独自一个人。

但是现在经常说一些有趣的话经常和人见面。

1.哥哥和以前有很大不同2.哥哥最近不怎么说话3.哥哥不能说有趣的故事4.哥哥以前经常和人见面49.学校前面新咖啡店开门了。

这个咖啡店（）。

客人自己准备想喝的茶喝了以后杯子也要自己清洗。

喝完茶以后把茶费交到“放钱的地方”就行。

因为这个咖啡店可以方便地坐很长时间，而且价格也便宜，所以人气很旺。

1.没怎么有客人2.有亲切的职员3.没有做事情的人4.主人亲自做茶50. 1.这个咖啡店有很长时间了 2.咖啡店的茶价格不便宜 3.客人点了茶要等待4.这个咖啡店因为方便人们很喜欢51. 120很方便。

广东省2024年中考英语模拟试卷阅卷人一、语法选择（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）得分通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。

Hello,welcome to Shirley's Time!Have you ever heard of Alyssa?Alyssa is1．astronaut.She2．to be the first person to land on Mars by NASA in2021at the age of17.She may go to Mars in2033and never come back to the earth.So3．father is a little worried. He thinks that Mars may be a very dangerous place.Alyssa4．the earth in the future.Alyssa explained why she dreamed5．being an astronaut in a recent interview.She said,"Well,I first wanted6．an astronaut from watching a cartoon called TheBackyardigans when I was three.In the cartoon, the characters flew to Mars."After that,the girl just kept asking for videos,books and anything she could find about space.And her parents have always given her love and support.Alyssa has always been working very7．for her dream.She went to an expensive space school to get training.Studying there isn't always easy.It needs to pass a lot of tests like floating(漂浮)in the air.At first she felt sick in her stomach,8．later she got used to it.Finally,she made it to be an astronaut. 9．wonderful she was!From what she said,we also knew10．Alyssa enjoyed speaking in public and talking to the girls who wanted to be astronauts.Thanks for listening.1．A．a B．an C．the2．A．chose B．was chosen C．is chosen3．A．her B．she C．hers4．A．will leave B．leaves C．left5．A．to B．on C．of6．A．become B．becoming C．to become7．A．hard B．harder C．hardest8．A．and B．or C．but9．A．How B．What C．What a10．A．who B．that C．whether阅卷人二、完形填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）得分通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在每小题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。

湖南省2024年初中学业水平联考试卷(三)英语考生注意：1.本学科试卷分试题卷和答题卡两部分，考试时量100分钟，满分100分。

2.请将姓名、准考证号填在答题卡上。

3.请在答题卡上作答，答在试卷上无效。

第一部分听力理解(共两节，20小题，计20分)第一节(共5 小题；每小题1分，计5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话读两遍。

1. What is in Jim's pencil case?A. A ruler.B. A pencil.C. An eraser.2. Where will they meet?A. In the park.B. In the zoo.C. In the cinema.3. How did the man get to the bookshop?A. By bus.B. On foot.C. By bike.4. How long has Jim learned the piano?A. For three years.B. For four years.C. For five years.5. What does Daniel want to be when he grows up?A. A teacher.B. A doctor.C. A cook.第二节(共15小题；每小题1分，计15分)听下面6段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第六段材料，回答第6、7小题。

6. What's Amy's favorite hobby?A. Singing.B. Dancing.C. Drawing.7. Which club does Amy advise Sam to join?A. The cooking club.B. The acting club.C. The music club.听第七段材料，回答第8、9小题。

目录《陈琦GRE填空强化36套》用前必读2第十三套713.1核心词汇表 (7)13.2练习题 (8)第十四套1414.1核心词汇表 (14)14.2练习题 (15)第十五套2115.1核心词汇表 (21)15.2练习题 (22)6陈琦G RE 填空强化36套第十三套13.1核心词汇表《新GRE 核心词汇考法精析》收录单词（共46词）adaptaltruism anomalousantipathy apprehensive aversion circumlocution clichécongenial conscientious consternation constrain consummate credible deliberate delicacy deter disguise elaborate enamored euphemism fickle hasten imitation impede impenetrable ingenious inherent innovative issuejargonlucid outmoded penaltyprecipitate provoke psychology redundant relevant salient soundstrength subjectsuppresssynthesisvague基础单词补充（共23词）approach v.tr.达成：To make advances to especially in order to create a desired result.basis n.基础：A foundation upon which something rests.cease v.tr.停止：To put an end to;discontinue.charitable adj.宽容的：Mild or tolerant in judging others;lenient.color v.tr.歪曲：To misrepresent,especially by distortion or exaggeration.conquer v.tr.征服：To defeat or subdue by force,especially by force of arms.difference n.差异：The quality or condition of being unlike or dissimilar.disenfranchise v.tr.剥夺：To deprive of a privilege or right officially granted a person or agroup by a government,especially,of a legal right,or of some privilege or immunity.dismiss v.tr.因为不重要而不考虑;不理会：To reject serious consideration.7陈琦G RE 填空强化36套8第十三套dogmatist n.教条主义者/严肃死板的人：One who expresses or sets forth dogma.eliminate v.tr.消除：To get rid of;remove.fanatical adj.狂热的：Possessed with or motivated by excessive,irrational zeal.gain v.tr.谋生：To secure as profit or reward;earn.independent adj.独立自治的：Not governed by a foreign power;self-governing.insignificant adj.不重要的：Having little or no meaning.mask v.tr.掩盖：To make indistinct or blurred to the senses.neutral adj.客观的：Not aligned with,supporting,or favoring either side in a war,dispute,or contest.originality n.独创性：The quality of being original.perception n.认识：The effect or product of achieving understanding of.pervasive adj.渗透性的：Having the quality or tendency to pervade or permeate.reconnaissance n.勘察：A preliminary survey to gain informationn.record n.（最高）记录：An unsurpassed measurement.thoughtful adj.深思熟虑的：Engrossed in thought;contemplative.13.2练习题13-1Many artists believe that successful imitation,far from being symptomatic of a lack of,is the first step in learning to be creative.A eleganceB resolutionC goodnessD originalityE sympathy13-2As serious as she is about the bullfight,she does not allow respect tohersense of whimsy when painting it.A inspire B provokeC suppressD attackE satisfy 13-3No one isabout Stephens;he inspires either uncritical adulation or profoundin those who work for him.陈琦G RE 填空强化36套13.2练习题9A neutral ···antipathyB infuriated ···aversionC worried ···anxietyD enthusiastic ···venerationE apprehensive ···consternation13-4Before about 1960,virtually all accounts of evolution assumed most adaptation tobe a product of selection at the level of populations;recent studies of evolution,however,have found nothisview of selection.A departures from ···controversialB basis for ···pervasiveC bias toward ···unchallengedD precursors of ···innovativeE criticisms of ···renowned13-5The new biological psychiatry does not deny the contributing role of psychologicalfactors in mental illnesses,but posits that these factors may act as a catalyst on existing physiological conditions and such illnesses.A disguiseB impedeC constrainD precipitateE consummate13-6During periods of social and cultural stability,many art academies are so firmlycontrolled bythat all real creative work must be done by the.A dogmatists ···disenfranchisedB managers ···reactionariesC reformers ···dissatisfiedD imposters ···academiciansE specialists ···elite13-7The First World War began in a context of jargon and verbal delicacy and continuedin a cloud ofasas language and literature,skillfully used,could make it.陈琦G RE 填空强化36套10第十三套A circumlocution ···literalB cliché···lucidC euphemism ···impenetrableD particularity ···deliberateE subjectivity ···enthralling13-8Because no comprehensive exist regarding personal reading practices,we donot know,for example,the greatest number of books read in an individual lifetime.A records B instincts C remedies D proposals E commercials13-9In our corporation there is abetween male and femalebecause 73per-cent of the men and 34percent of the women polled believe that our company provides equal compensation to men and women.A contrast ···stereotypes B difference ···perceptionsC variation ···salariesD resemblance ···employeesE similarity ···aspirations13-10The wonder of De Quincey is that although opium dominated his life,it neverhim;indeed,he turned its use to when he published the story of its influencein the London Magazine.A overcame ···altruismB intimidated ···triumphC distressed ···pleasureD conquered ···gainE released ···necessity13-11The reduction of noise has beenin terms ofits sources,but the al-ternative of canceling noise out by adding sound with the opposite wave pattern may be more useful in practice.陈琦G RE 填空强化36套13.2练习题11A justified ···diffusingB accomplished ···trackingC conceived ···concealingD explained ···isolatingE approached ···eliminating13-12While Parker is very outspoken on issues she cares about,she is not;sheconcedes the of opposing arguments when they expose weaknesses inherent in herown.A fickle ···validityB arrogant ···restraintC fanatical ···strengthD congenial ···incompatibilityE unyielding ···speciousness13-13Hampshire’s assertions,far from showing that we canthe ancient puzzlesabout objectivity,reveal the issue to be even more than we had thought.A adapt ···pressingB dismiss ···relevantC rediscover ···unconventionalD admire ···elusiveE appreciate ···interesting13-14Usually the first to spot data that were inconsistent with other findings,in thisparticular experiments she let a number of results slip by.A inaccurateB verifiableC redundantD salientE anomalous13-15Psychology has slowly evolved into anscientific discipline that now func-tions autonomously with the same privileges and responsibilities as other sciences.陈琦G RE 填空强化36套12第十三套A independentB unusualC outmodedD uncontrolledE inactive13-16A major goal of law,to deter potential criminals by punishing wrongdoers,is notserved when the penalty is so seldom invoked that it to be athreat.A tends ···seriousB appears ···realC ceases ···credibleD fails ···deceptiveE seems ···coercive13-17When people are happy,they tend to giveinterpretations of events theywitness:the eye of the beholder is by the emotions of the beholder.A charitable ···coloredB elaborate ···disquietedC conscientious ···deceivedD vague ···sharpenedE coherent ···confused13-18Even those who disagreed with Carmen’s views rarely faulted her for expressingthem,for the positions she took were as as they were controversial.A complicatedB politicalC subjectiveD commonplaceE thoughtful13-19New research on technology and public policy focuses on how seeminglydesign features,generally overlooked in most analyses of public works projects or indus-trial machinery,actuallysocial choices of profound significance.陈琦G RE 填空强化36套13.2练习题13A insignificant ···maskB inexpensive ···produceC innovative ···representD ingenious ···permitE inopportune ···hasten13-20Paradoxically,Robinson’s excessive denials of the worth of early works of sciencefiction suggest that she has become quite them.A reflective aboutB enamored ofC skeptical ofD encouraged byE offended by13-21Cezanne’s delicate watercolor sketches often served asof a subject,a wayof gathering fuller knowledge before the artist’s final engagement of the subject in an oilpainting.A an abstractionB an enhancementC a synthesisD a reconnaissanceE a transcription陈琦G RE 填空强化36套第十四套14.1核心词汇表《新GRE 核心词汇考法精析》收录单词（共41词）advocate beneficent claimcompromise content credit decorum disinterested eccentric enigma enthusiasm errant fabricate figurative flaccid flag flexiblefragilefrictiongrudge halfhearted imperious impudent inherent lethargic malevolent military paradox playful pristineriveting salvage scruplesedentary substitutesubtle superfluous suspendtacittouttreacherous基础单词补充（共24词）admire v.tr.称赞：To have a high opinion of;esteem or respect.allusive adj.间接指出的：Containing or characterized by indirect references.beneficial adj.有利的：Producing or promoting a favorable result;advantageous.caste n.等级制度：A social system or the principle of grading society based on socialclasses separated from others by distinctions of hereditary rank,profession,or wealth.conflict n.（观点上的）冲突：A state of disharmony between incompatible or antitheticalpersons,ideas,or interests;a clash.criticize v.tr.批评：To judge the merits and faults of;analyze and evaluate.crossfire n.激烈的讨论：Rapid,heated discussion.dominate v.tr.支配：To control,govern,or rule by superior authority or power.efficacy n.效力：Power or capacity to produce a desired effect;effectiveness.14陈琦G RE 填空强化36套14.2练习题15enhance v.tr.加强：To make greater,as in value,beauty,or reputation;augment.friendly adj.友好的：Of,relating to,or befitting a person whom one knows,likes,andtrusts.incompatible adj.不相容的：Incapable of associating or blending or of being associatedor blended because of disharmony,incongruity,or antagonism.intact adj.完整无缺的：Remaining sound,entire,or uninjured;not impaired in any way.literal adj.字面意思的：Avoiding exaggeration,metaphor,or embellishment;factual;pro-saic.mask v.tr.掩盖：To make indistinct or blurred to the senses.mobility n.（人员的）流动：The movement of people,as from one social group,class,orlevel to another.practice n.习惯：A habitual or customary action or way of doing something.procure v.tr.采购：To get by special effort;obtain or acquire.translate v.tr.翻译：To render in another language.underrate v.tr.低估：To rate too low;underestimate.unfetter v.tr.使自由：To set free or keep free from restrictions or bonds.unrealistic adj.脱离现实的：Not compatible with reality or fact;unreasonably idealistic.utilize v.tr.利用：To put to use,especially to find a profitable or practical use for.well-fed adj.吃太好的：Adequately or properly nourished.14.2练习题14-1Though it would beto expect Barnard to have worked out all of the limita-tions of his experiment,he must be for his neglect of quantitative analysis.A unjust ···pardonedB impudent ···dismissedC unrealistic ···criticizedD pointless ···examinedE inexcusable ···recognized14-2The hierarchy of medical occupations is in many ways asystem;its strataremain and the practitioners in them have very little vertical mobility.陈琦G RE 填空强化36套16第十四套A health ···skilledB delivery ···basicC regimental ···flexibleD training ···inferiorE caste ···intact14-3Noting the murder victim’s flaccid musculature and pearlike figure,she deducedthat the unfortunate fellow had earned his living in some occupation.A treacherousB prestigiousC ill-payingD illegitimateE sedentary14-4In Germany her startling powers as a novelist are widely,but she is almostunknown in the English-speaking world because of the difficulties ofher eccentricprose.A ignored ···editingB admired ···translatingC espoused ···revealingD obscured ···comprehendingE dispersed ···transcribing14-5Liberty is not easy,but far better to be anfox,hungry and threatened on itshill,than acanary,safe and secure in its cage.A unfriendly ···fragileB aging ···youngC angry ···contentD imperious ···lethargicE unfettered ···well-fed14-6Remelting old metal cans rather than making primary aluminum from bauxite oreshipped from overseas saves producers millions of dollars inand production costs.陈琦G RE 填空强化36套14.2练习题17A distributionB salvageC storageD procurementE research14-7Johnson never to ignore the standards of decent conduct mandated by com-pany policy if compliance with instructions from his superiors enabled him to do so,whatever the effects on his subordinates.A deigned ···tacitB attempted ···halfheartedC intended ···directD scrupled ···literalE wished ···feigned14-8Although the feeding activities of whales and walruses give the seafloor of theBering Shelf a devastated appearance,these activities seem to be actuallyto the area,its productivity.A destructive ···counterbalancingB rehabilitative ···diminishingC beneficial ···enhancingD detrimental ···redirectingE superfluous ···encumbering14-9In an age without radio or recordings,an ageby print,fiction gained itsgreatest ascendancy.A decimatedB denigratedC dominatedD emphasizedE resurrected14-10Scientists’pristine reputation as devotees of the disinterested pursuit of truth has beenby recent evidence that some scientists have deliberatelyexperimentalresults to further their own careers.陈琦G RE 填空强化36套18第十四套A reinforced ···publishedB validated ···suppressedC exterminated ···replicatedD compromised ···fabricatedE resuscitated ···challenged14-11Although Johnson’s and Smith’s initial fascination with the fortunes of those jock-eying for power in the law firmafter a few months,the two paid sufficient attentionto determine who their lunch partners should be.A revivedB emergedC intensifiedD flaggedE persisted14-12A war,even if fought for individual liberty and democratic rights,usually re-quires that these principles be,for they arethe regimentation and disciplinenecessary for military efficiency.A espoused ···contrary toB suppressed ···fulfilled throughC suspended ···incompatible withD followed ···disruptive ofE rejected ···inherent in14-13To test theof borrowing from one field of study to enrich another,simplyinvestigate the extent to which terms from the one may,without forcing,be the other.A risk ···confused withB universality ···applied toC decorum ···illuminated byD rate ···superseded byE efficacy ···utilized by14-14The English novelist William Thackeray considered the cult of the criminal sodangerous that he criticized Dickens’Oliver Twist for making the characters in the thieves’kitchen so.陈琦G RE 填空强化36套14.2练习题19A threateningB rivetingC connivingD fearsomeE irritating14-15The discovery that,friction excluded,all bodies fall at the same rate is so simpleto state and to grasp that there is a tendency to its significance.A underrateB controlC reassessD praiseE eliminate14-16Their mutual teasing seemed,but in fact ita long-standing hostility.A aimless ···producedB friendly ···maskedC playful ···contravenedD bitter ···revealedE clever ···averted14-17Nothing that few employees showed anyfor complying with the corpo-ration’s new safety regulations,Peterson was forced to conclude that acceptance of the regulations would be,at best.A aptitude ···unavoidableB regard ···indeterminateC respect ···negotiableD patience ···imminentE enthusiasm ···grudging14-18It has been argued that politics as,whatever its transcendental claims,hasalways been the systematic organization of common hatreds.陈琦G RE 填空强化36套20第十四套A a theoryB an idealC a practiceD a contestE an enigma14-19In many science fiction films,the opposition of good and evil is portrayed as a between technology,which is,and the errant will of a depraved intellectual.A fusion ···usefulB struggle ···dehumanizingC parallel ···unfetteredD conflict ···beneficentE similarity ···malevolent14-20Although scientists claim that the seeminglylanguage of their reports ismore precise than the figurative language of fiction,the language of science,like all lan-guage,is inherently.A ornamental ···subtleB unidimensional ···unintelligibleC symbolic ···complexD literal ···allusiveE subjective ···metaphorical14-21In recent decades the idea that Cezanne influenced Cubism has been caught inthe between art historians who credit Braque with its invention and those whoPicasso.A crossfire ···toutB interplay ···advocateC paradox ···preferD deliberation ···attributeE tussle ···substitute陈琦G RE 填空强化36套第十五套15.1核心词汇表《新GRE 核心词汇考法精析》收录单词（共43词）acute anomalous arbitrary archaic aridbarren benignbogus bombast calculated complementarycompound diminishdiversity dramatic embrace emulateenmityenthusiasm estimable euphemism formidable glide justify lethargic magnitude marginal obsolete orthodox painstaking pinpointpresage quiescentreconcile resilience revise salutary squandersuperficialtranquilitytrivialundermineversatile 基础单词补充（共27词）adventurous adj.冒险的：Hazardous;municable adj.可传达的：Readily made known.difficult adj.困难的：Hard to do or accomplish;demanding considerable effort or skill;arduous.dissipation n.浪费：Wasteful expenditure or consumption.efficacy n.效力：Power or capacity to produce a desired effect;effectiveness.emphasize v.tr.强调：To give stress to;stress.equivocal adj.不确定的：Of a doubtful or uncertain nature.failure n.失败：The condition or fact of not achieving the desired end or ends.fertile adj.肥沃的：Rich in material needed to sustain plant growth.hostile adj.怀有敌意的：Feeling or showing enmity or ill will;antagonistic.21陈琦G RE 填空强化36套22第十五套interplay n.相互作用：Reciprocal action and reaction;interaction.interpretation n.解释：The act or process of conceiving the significance of.measure v.tr.测量：To estimate by evaluation or comparison.persist v.intr.持续：To continue in existence;last.plentiful adj.充足的：Existing in great quantity or ample supply.precise adj.精确的：Exact,as in performance,execution,or amount;accurate or correct.prey v.intr.捕食：To hunt,catch,or eat as prey.reinforce v.tr.加强：To strengthen by adding extra support or material.restless adj.不平静：Never still or motionless.revolutionary adj.革命性的：Bringing about or supporting a political or social revolution.subtlety n.细微：The quality or state of being difficult to understand orperceive.threaten v.tr.威胁：To express a threat against.urbanity n.举止文雅：Refinement and elegance of manner;polished courtesy.widen v.tr.intr.变宽：To make or become wide or wider.15.2练习题15-1Agronomists are increasingly worried about “desertification”,the phenomenonthat is turning many of the world’sfields and pastures intowastelands,unableto support the people living on them.A fertile ···barren B productive ···blooming C arid ···thrivingD poorest ···marginalE largest ···saturated15-2Old beliefs die hard:even when jobs became,the long-standing fear thatunemployment could return at a moment’s notice .A vacant ···perishedB easier ···changedC plentiful ···persistedD protected ···subsidedE available ···receded15-3Intellectualand flight from boredom have caused him to rush pell-mell into situations that lessspirits might hesitate to approach.陈琦G RE 填空强化36套15.2练习题23A restlessness ···adventurousB agitation ···passiveC resilience ···quiescentD tranquility ···versatileE curiosity ···lethargic15-4Science advances in spiral in that each new conceptual schemethatphenomena explained by its predecessors and adds to those explanations.A a discontinuous ···decries B a repetitive ···vitiates C a widening ···embracesD an anomalous ···capturesE an explosive ···questions15-5Politeness is not aattribute of human behavior,but rather a central virtue,one whose very existence is increasingly being by the faddish requirement to “speakone’s mind”.A superficial ···threatenedB pervasive ···undercutC worthless ···forestalledD precious ···repudiatedE trivial ···affected15-6The painting was larger than it appeared to be,for,hanging in a darkened recessof the chapel,it was by the perspective.A improvedB aggrandizedC embellishedD jeopardizedE diminished 15-7Because folk art is neither completely rejected nor accepted as an art form by arthistorians,their final evaluations of it necessarily remain.陈琦G RE 填空强化36套24第十五套A arbitraryB estimableC orthodoxD unspokenE equivocal15-8Because it is to all the business costs related to employee discontent,an accurate estimate of the magnitude of these costs is not easily calculated.A difficult ···measureB impossible ···justifyC improper ···overlookD useless ···discoverE necessary ···pinpoint15-9Consider the universal cannibalism of the sea,all of whose creaturesoneanother.A hide from B ferret out C prey on D glide among E compete against15-10How could words,confined as they individually are to certain meaningsspecified in a dictionary,eventually come,when combined in groups,to create obscurity and actually to prevent thought from being ?A indefinite ···articulatedB conventional ···conceivableC unlikely ···classifiedD archaic ···expressedE precise ···communicable15-11Even though they tended to bestrangers,fifteenth-century Europeans didnot automatically associateand danger.陈琦G RE 填空强化36套15.2练习题25A trusting of ···diversityB haughty with ···nonconformityC interested in ···enmityD antagonistic to ···rudenessE hostile to ···foreignness15-12The modern age is a permissive one in which things can be said explicitly,but theold tradition of dies hard.A garrulousnessB exaggerationC excoriationD bombastE euphemism15-13Although many findings of the Soviet and United States probes of Venus werecomplementary,the two sets of atmospheric results clearly could not be without amajor change of data or.A obtained ···experimentationB completed ···positionC matched ···implementationD reconciled ···interpretationE produced ···falsification15-14While it is assumed that the mechanization of work has aeffect on the livesof workers,there is evidence available to suggest that,on the contrary,mechanization has served tosome of the traditional roles of women.A salutary ···improveB dramatic ···undermineC benign ···reviseD debilitating ···weakenE revolutionary ···reinforce15-15Although economists have traditionally considered the district to be solely anagricultural one,the of the inhabitants’occupations makes such a classification ob-solete.陈琦G RE 填空强化36套26第十五套A productivityB diversityC predictabilityD profitabilityE stability15-16The author of this book overlooks or minimizes some of the problems andshortcomings in otherwise highly successful foreign industries in order to the pointson which they excel and on which we might try to emulate them.A accidentally ···exaggerate B purposely ···emphasize C occasionally ···counterbalanceD intentionally ···confuseE cleverly ···compound15-17Crosby’s colleagues have never learned,at least not in time to avoid embarrassingthemselves,that her occasional air of befuddlementa display of her formidableintelligence.A genuine ···dominatesB alert ···contradictsC acute ···precludesD bogus ···presagesE painstaking ···succeeds15-18To ensure the development and exploitation of a new technology,there must bea constantof several nevertheless distinct activities.A interplayB implementationC comprehendingD improvementE exploration15-19Some customs travel well;often,however,behavior that is considered the epitomeofat home is perceived as impossibly rude or,at the least,harmlessly bizarre abroad.。

2024年中考英语真题完全解读（湖南长沙卷）试卷总评湖南省2024年初中学业水平考试已经落下帷幕，英语采用闭卷、笔试形式。

考试时长为100分钟，卷面满分100分。

试卷包括听力理解、阅读理解、语言运用、综合技能四个部分。

命题严格参照《义务教育新课程标准》出题，难度适中，考查点全面。

试题从课程学习的总目标出发，以卷测能力，使核心素养的落地在试卷中得到充分体现。

整套试题除了听力和作文部分外，全部都是阅读。

阅读图表A篇，阅读选择B,C篇，阅读五选五，完形填空，语法填空及阅读简答总共七个语篇。

本部分共有40个小题，总分65分，其中客观选择题25个，10个客观文字题，5个主观文字题。

语篇的选取和试题设计方面来分析，本套试题有以下特点：1.重视主题语境，突出语用能力作为英语课程内容六要素之首的主题，具有联接和统领其他内容要素的作用，为语言学习和课程育人提供语境范畴。

无论什么语篇，都必须承载一定的主题意义。

本套试题阅读部分七个语篇涵盖了人与自我、人与社会、人与自然三大主题范畴的若干个子主题内容，为学生的语言运用提供了具体而真实的语境。

而且，这些语境中如“国际夏令营广告"“零食式锻炼"“中国国际搜救队的事迹"“音乐给我带来了..."等，生生活密切相关。

2.落实核心素养，强调育人价值六个阅读理解语篇从学生生活的方方面面着手，在考查学生语言运用的同时，将培养信息时代孩子的社会意识，体验学校生活，阅读书籍，锻炼健身，学习方法，人与社会和谐发展等贯穿始终，实现现代中国学生的核心素养培养，强调育人价值。

此外，语法填空话题依旧紧扣中国传统文化，内容是春节一些有象征意义的植物。

语法填空侧重在语境中检测学生对中华优秀文化的认识与理解，培养学生讲好中国故事的意识和能力。

同时，写作结合阅读表达出题；也是长沙卷采用的新出题模式。

预计后续长沙中考英语也会沿用该模式。

题型新变化2024年中考英语从120分降为100分，试卷包括听力、阅读、语言运用、读写综合四个部分，取消了难度较高的翻译题，题型与高考接轨。

阅读理解A篇（应用文）考情概览：解读近年命题思路和内容要求，统计真题考查情况。

2024年真题研析：分析命题特点，探寻常考要点，真题分类精讲。

近年真题精选：分类精选近年真题，把握命题趋势。

必备知识速记：归纳串联解题必备知识，总结易错易混点。

名校模拟探源：精选适量名校模拟题，发掘高考命题之源。

【考查要点】高考阅读理解主要从细节理解，推理判断，主旨大意，词义猜测等四方面考查考生的英语阅读理解能力。

在这四项考点中，阅读理解A篇应用文以细节理解的考查最多，是注重获取文章信息的体现，其次是推理判断。

2024年新课标I卷、II卷A篇属于应用文类，主要考查学生定位信息能力和细节理解能力，比较容易拿分。

它们是学生可能参与的真实项目，应用性特别突出。

2024年新课标I卷A篇主题意境为人与社会，文本是一篇应用文，介绍了一个生物栖息地修复工作队的工作内容和招募志愿者的相关信息和要求; 2024年新课标II卷A篇主题意境为人与自然，文本是一篇应用文，主要介绍了The CarlowAutumn WalkingFestival 的四种徒步活动。

2023年新课标I卷A篇属于广告信息类，主题是绿色骑行; 2023年II卷A篇讲述介绍了黄石国家公园提供的几项护林员项目。

【课标链接】依据新课程标准阅读理解部分要求考生读懂选自英语原版书籍、书报和杂志（含网络版）中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。

英语科试卷对接高中英语课程标准要求，阅读理解主要通过语篇情境，在考查阅读能力的同时渗透对文化意识和思维品质的培养。

涉及“人与自我”“人与社会”“人与自然”三大主题语境，符合课程标准提出的通过主题语境考查英语理解能力的要求。

高考阅读理解主要从细节理解，推理判断，主旨大意，词义猜测等四方面考查考生的英语阅读理解能力。

在这四项考点中，阅读理解A篇应用文以细节理解的考查最多，主要考查学生定位信息能力和细节理解能力；注重获取文章信息的体现，其次是推理判断。

2024年高考英语真题完全解读（全国甲卷）适用省份四川、西藏、陕西、青海、宁夏、内蒙古养成良好的答题习惯，是决定成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

听力段落话题轮数词数用时语速Text 1 去新餐厅吃饭 1.5 32 11"175词/分Text 2 确定课堂展示时间 1 3312"165词/分Text 3 更正茶几尺寸 1.5 5419"171词/分Text 4 买衣服 1.5 4016"150词/分Text 5 搬家 1.5 38 13”175词/分Text 6 上大学前的焦虑 3 72 26"166词/分Text 7 采访鸟类专家 2 120 49"147词/分Text 8 讨论成长经历 4 147 56”158词/分Text 9 采访航天员 3.5 139 59"141词分Text 10 学校装扮日177 107"159词/分语篇话题体裁词数难度应用文221 + 91 =312易阅读理解A 人与社会：介绍了集表演、艺术展览、艺术制作等活动为一体的艺术节阅读理解B 人与自然：介绍了猫通过叫声、嗅觉和带回说明文303 + 124= 427易礼物来表达需求、评估环境和展示爱意。

说明文276 + 111= 387中阅读理解C 人与社会：为乡村居民提供基本医疗检查和治疗，改善当地医疗条件阅读理解D 人与社会：阐述了不同类型的文学作品结局议论文343 + 146= 489难的特点及写作方法阅读七选五人与自我：适度饮食说明文248 + 70=318中完形填空人与自我：讲述了作者祖母的童年故事，以记叙文276中及作者从故事中得到的感悟语法填空人与自然：美国国家公园的由来说明文209中短文改错人与自我：人物故事记叙文90 中100左右中书面表达人与社会：中国交通发展看图写话（发言稿）本试卷共10页，满分150分。

added Zhang. “Sometimes, you can recall back your old days playing with your friends, ____9____ with each other
and shooting hoops.”
According to the Screen Rant website, as a sports cartoon series, the story of Slam Dunk also shows friendship
can celebrate Kwanzaa together as a family. Khari has to stay at college when a snowstorm hits and his car breaks
down. Will he make it home in time for Kwanzaa?
B. against
C. among
D. about
第二部分 阅读理解 (共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分)
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在
答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Books That Celebrate Different Holidays and Traditions
A. Traci Sorell.
B. Trina Schart Hyman. C. Dylan Thomas.
D. Ed Martinez.
13. The four books tell readers about ________.
A. how to find hidden treasures at home

2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语姓名________________ 准考证号________________全卷共12页，满分150分，考试时间120分钟。

考生注意：1. 答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔分别填写在试题卷和答题纸规定的位置上。

2. 答题时，请按照答题纸上“注意事项”的要求，在答题纸相应的位置上规范作答，在本试题卷上的作答一律无效。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A. £19.15.B. £9.18.C. £9.15.答案是C。

1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What is Kate doing?A. Boarding a flight.B. Arranging a trip.C. Seeing a friend off.【2. 此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What are the speakers talking about?A. A pop star.B. An old song.C. A radio program.3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What will the speakers do today?A. Go to an art show.B. Meet the man's aunt.C. Eat out with Mark.4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What does the man want to do?A. Cancel an order.B. Ask for a receipt.C. Reschedule a delivery.5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】When will the next train to Bedford leave?A. At 9:45.B. At 10:15.C. At 11:00.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

学科教师辅导讲义年级：辅导科目：数学课时数：3课题阅读理解型问题教学目的教学内容一、【中考要求】阅读理解型问题以内容丰富、构思新颖别致、题样多变为特点。

知识的覆盖面较大，它可以是阅读课本原文，也可以是设计一个新的数学情境，让学生在阅读的基础上，理解其中的内容、方法和思想，然后在把握本质，理解失职的基础上作出回答。

这类问题的主要题型有：迁移发展型，阅读特殊范例，推出一般结论；判断概括型，阅读解题过程，总结解题思路和方法；方法模拟型（类比），阅读新知识，研究新问题等。

这类试题要求考生能透彻理解课本中的所学内容，善于总结解题规律，并能准确阐述自己的思想和观点，考查学生对数学知识的理解水平、数学方法的运用水平及分析推理能力、数据处理能力、文字概括能力、书面表达能力、随机应变能力和知识的迁移能力等。

二、【考点知识梳理】阅读理解型问题，一般篇幅较长，涉及内容丰富，构思新颖别致．这类问题一般分两部分：一是阅读材料，二是考查内容．它要求学生根据阅读获取的信息回答问题．提供的阅读材料主要包括：一个新的数学概念的形成和应用过程，或一个新的数学公式的推导与应用，或提供新闻背景材料．主要题型有：(1)判断概括型，即阅读特殊范例推出一般结论；(2)方法模拟题，即阅读解题过程，总结解题规律、方法；(3)迁移发展型，即阅读新知识，研究新问题，运用新知识解决问题，解答这类题关键是认真仔细阅读其内容，理解其实质，把握其方法、规律，然后加以解决．考查内容既有考查基础的，又有考查自学能力和探索能力等综合能力的．温馨提示：解答阅读理解型的关键在于阅读，核心在于理解，目的在于应用。

解题的策略是：理清阅读材料的脉络，归纳总结重要条件、数学思想方法以及解题的方法技巧；构建相应的数学模型来完成解答。

三、【中考典例精析】为确保信息安全，信息需加密传输，发送方由明文→密文(加密)，接收方由密文→明文(解密)．已知有一种密码，将英文26个小写字母a，b，c，…，z依次对应0,1,2,3，…，25这26个自然数(见表格)．当明文中的字母对应的序号为β时，将β＋10除以26后所得的余数作为密文中的字母对应的序号，例如明文s对应密文c.按上述规定，将明文“maths”译成密文后是()A．wkdrc B．wkhtc C．epqjc D．eqhjc【点拨】因为m对应的数字是12，(12＋10)除以26的余数是22，所以它对应的密文字母为w；a对应的数字是0，(0＋10)除以26余数为10，所以它对应的密文字母为k；同理可得t、h、s对应的密文字母分别是d、r、c.【答案】A某商场以每件50元的价格购进一种商品，销售中发现这种商品每天的销售数量m(件)与每件的销售价格x(元)满足一次函数，其图象如图所示．(1)每天的销售数量m(件)与每件的销售价格x(元)的函数表达式是________．(2)求该商场每天销售这种商品的销售利润y(元)与每件的销售价格x(元)之间的函数表达式．(3)在保证盈利的条件下，每件商品的销售价格在什么范围内，每天的销售利润随着销售价格的提高而增加？【点拨】本题根据函数图象确定函数表达式，首先判断出函数类型，然后用待定系数法确定它的表达式，体现了数形结合的思想．【解答】(1)m＝－x＋100(0≤x≤100)．(2)每件商品的利润为x－50，∴每天的利润为y＝(x－50)(－x＋100)，∴函数表达式为y＝－x2＋150x－5 000.(3)∵x＝－1502×(－1)＝75，∴在50<x≤75时，每天的销售利润随着销售价格x的提高而增加．四、【课堂练习】1．下面两个多位数124 862 4…、624 862 4…，都是按照如下方法得到的：将第1位数字乘以2，若积为一位数，将其写在第2位；若积为两位数，则将其个位数字写在第2位．对第2位数字再进行如上操作得到第3位数字……，后面的每一位数字都是由前一位数字进行如上操作得到的．当第1位数字是3时，仍按如上操作得到一个多位数，则这个多位数前100位的所有数字之和是()A．495 B．497 C．501 D．503解析：根据题意，当第1位数字是3时，按操作要求得到的数字是3 6248 6248 6248…，从第2位数字起每隔四位数重复一次6 248，因为(100－1)被4除得24余3，所以这个多位数前100位的所有数字之和是3＋(6＋2＋4＋8)×24＋(6＋2＋4)＝495，答案选A.答案：A2．在平面直角坐标系中，对于平面内任一点(a，b)，若规定以下三种变换：①f(a，b)＝(－a，b)．如f(1,3)＝(－1,3)；②g(a，b)＝(b，a)．如g(1,3)＝(3,1)；③h(a，b)＝(－a，－b)．如h(1,3)＝(－1，－3)．按照以上变换有：f(g(2，－3))＝f(－3,2)＝(3,2)，那么f(h(5，－3))等于()A．(－5，－3) B．(5,3) C．(5，－3) D．(－5,3)解析：h(5，－3)＝(－5,3)，f(－5,3)＝(5,3)．答案：B3．为响应环保组织提出的“低碳生活”的号召，李明决定不开汽车而改骑自行车上班．有一天，李明骑自行车从家里到工厂上班，途中因自行车发生故障，修车耽误了一段时间，车修好后继续骑行，直至到达工厂(假设在骑自行车过程中匀速行驶)．李明离家的距离y(米)与离家时间x(分钟)的关系表示如图：(1)李明从家出发到出现故障时的速度为________米/分钟；(2)李明修车用时________分钟；(3)求线段BC所对应的函数关系式(不要求写出自变量的取值范围)．解：(1)200 (2)5(3)设线段BC 的解析式为y ＝kx ＋b ，依题意得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ 3 000＝20k ＋b ，4 000＝25k ＋b ，解得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧k ＝200，b ＝－1 000.所以解析式为y ＝200x －1 000.4．学校计划用地面砖铺设教学楼前矩形广场的地面ABCD ，已知矩形广场地面的长为100米，宽为80米．图案设计如图所示：广场的四角为小正方形，阴影部分为四个矩形，四个矩形的宽都为小正方形的边长，阴影部分铺绿色地面砖，其余部分铺白色地面砖．(1)要使铺白色地面砖的面积为5 200平方米，那么矩形广场四角的小正方形的边长为多少米？(2)如果铺白色地面砖的费用为每平方米30元，铺绿色地面砖的费用为每平方米20元，当广场四角小正方形的边长为多少米时，铺广场地面的总费用最少？最少费用是多少？解：(1)设矩形广场四角的小正方形的边长为x 米， 根据题意，得4x 2＋(100－2x)(80－2x)＝5 200， 整理，得x 2－45x ＋350＝0， 解得x 1＝35，x 2＝10，经检验，x 1＝35，x 2＝10均符合题意．所以，要使铺白色地面砖的面积为5 200平方米，则矩形广场四角的小正方形的边长为35米或10米．(2)设铺矩形广场地面的总费用为y 元，广场四角的小正方形的边长为x 米，则y ＝30×[4x 2＋(100－2x)(80－2x)]＋20×[2x(100－2x)＋2x(80－2x)]，即y ＝80x 2－3 600x ＋240 000， 配方，得y ＝80(x －22.5)2＋199 500.当x ＝22.5时，y 的值最小，最小值为199 500.所以，当矩形广场四角小正方形的边长为22.5米时，所铺广场地面的总费用最少，最少费用为199 500元．五、【课后强化练习】一、选择题：1.若把函数y=x 的图象用E （x ，x ）记，函数y=2x+1的图象用E （x ，2x+1）记，……则E （x ，21x +）可以由E （x ，2x ）怎样平移得到 ( )A ．向上平移１个单位B ．向下平移１个单位C ．向左平移１个单位D ．向右平移１个单位2.（09鄂州）为了求1＋2＋22＋23＋…＋22008的值，可令S ＝1＋2＋22＋23＋…＋22008，则2 S ＝2＋22＋23＋24＋…＋22009，因此2S －S ＝22009－1，所以1＋2＋22＋23＋…＋22008＝22009－1．仿照以上推理计算出1＋5＋52＋53＋…＋52009的值是 （ ）A ．152009-B ．152010- C ．4152009-D ．4152010- 3.（08盐城）如图，A B C D ，，，为O 的四等分点，动点P 从圆心O 出发，沿O C D O --- 路线作匀速运动，设运动时间为t （s ）．()APB y =∠，则下列图象中表示y 与t 之间函数关系最恰当的是 （ ）4.小嘉全班在操场上围坐成一圈。

微臣教育 You Get More than GRE.GRE 填空强化 36 套精练与精析配套练习题目目录EXERCISE 1 (3)EXERCISE 2 (9)EXERCISE 3 (15)EXERCISE 4 (20)EXERCISE 5 (26)EXERCISE 6 (32)EXERCISE 7 (38)EXERCISE 8 (44)EXERCISE 9 (50)EXERCISE 10 (56)EXERCISE 11 (61)EXERCISE 12 (66)EXERCISE 13 (72)EXERCISE 14 (78)EXERCISE 15 (84)EXERCISE 16 (90)EXERCISE 17 (96)EXERCISE 18 (102)EXERCISE 19 (108)EXERCISE 20 (114)EXERCISE 21 (120)EXERCISE 22 (126)EXERCISE 23 (132)EXERCISE 24 (138)EXERCISE 25 (144)EXERCISE 26 (150)EXERCISE 27 (156)EXERCISE 28 (162)EXERCISE 29 (168)EXERCISE 30 (174)EXERCISE 31 (180)EXERCISE 32 (186)EXERCISE 33 (192)EXERCISE 34 (198)EXERCISE 35 (204)EXERCISE 36 (210)EXERCISE 11-1.When an oppressed group revolts against a society, one must look for the(i)_____ forces that led to the group’s (ii)_____ that society.A. disparate…acknowledgment ofB. specific…dependence onC. altered…redistribution withinD. focused…interference withE. underlying…alienation from1-2.Every novel invites us to enter a world that is initially strange; our gradual and selective orientation to its manners (i)_____ infants’ (ii)_____ to their environment.imitates…welcomecompletes…introductionresembles...adjustmentalters…blindnessreinforces…resistance1-3.Superficial differences between the special problems and techniques of the physical sciences and those of the biological sciences are sometimes cited asevidence for the ____ of biology and for the claim that the methods of physics are therefore not adequate to biological inquiry.autonomyvitalismpurposivenessobsolescenceirrelevance1-4.As the creation of new knowledge through science has become (i)_____, resistance to innovation has become less (ii)_____ taking the form ofinertia rather than direct attack.controversial...sporadicinstitutionalized...aggressiveessential...effectivepublic...circumspectsuspect...lively1-5.Lizzie was a brave woman who could dare to incur a great danger for an adequate _____.riskcombatobjecteventencounter1-6.Rousseau’s short discourse, a work that was generally (i)____ the cautious, unadorned prose of the day, deviated from that prose style in its (ii)____discussion of the physical sciences.A. critical of...lengthyB. superior to...austereC. bolder than...intelligentD. consistent with...unrestrainedE. influenced by...uninspired1-7.Certainly Murray’s preoccupation with the task of editing the Oxford English Dictionary begot a kind of monomania, but it must be regarded as a ____ orat least an innocuous one.tametendentiousmeretriciousbeneficentsincere1-8.Although there are weeks of negotiations ahead, and perhaps setbacks and new surprises, leaders of both parties are ____ that their differences can beresolved.optimisticperplexedapprehensiveincredulousuncertain1-9.The losing animal in a struggle saves itself from destruction by an act of(i)____, an act usually recognized and (ii)____ by the winner.submission…acceptedhostility…avoidedbluffing…reaffirmedanger…condonedhatred…duplicated1-10.He never (i)____ the wisdom I had claimed for him, and my friends quickly dismissed my estimate of his ability as (ii)____.repudiated…ironyinhibited…propagandademonstrated…hyperbolemasked…exaggerationvindicated…understatement1-11.It would seem that absolute qualities in art (i)____ us, that we cannot escape viewing works of art in (ii)____ of time and circumstance.A. enlighten...a patternB. frighten…an absenceC. confuse…a welterD. elude…a contextE. deceive...a milieu1-12.This new government is faced not only with (i)____ its economy but also with implementing new rural development programs to (ii)____ the flow of farmworkers to the city.managing…stemoffsetting…harnessbolstering…transmitchallenging…measuremodernizing…subsidize1-13.An analysis of the ideas in the novel compels an analysis of the form of the work, particularly when form and content are as ____ as they are in The House of the Seven Gables.symptomaticdelineatedintegratedconspicuousdistinctive1-14.The blueprints for the new automobile were (i)____ at first glance, but the designer had been basically too conservative to (ii)____ previous standards of beauty.striking…floutimpractical…ignoreimpeccable…dispelinfluential...assessconfusing...incorporate1-15.Because its average annual rainfall is only about four inches, one of the major tasks faced by the country has been to find ____ sources of water.discontinuousnaturalsupplementarypervasiveinitial1-16.Both television commercials and programs present ____ view of the material world, one which promotes a standard of living that most of us can probablynot attain.A. an unrealisticB. an imprudentC. a standardizedD. a perplexingE. a banal1-17.Although it is unusual to denounce museum-goers for not painting, it is quite common, even for those who are unenthusiastic about sports, to criticize(i)____ for athletic (ii)____artists…ignorancespectators…inactivityathletes…snobberyscholars…apathycommentators…partiality1-18.Because the order in which the parts of speech appear in the sentences of a given language is decided merely by custom, it is (i)____ to maintain thatevery departure from that order constitutes a (ii)____of a natural law.traditional…transformationconventional...transgressionnecessary…prototypeunjustifiable...violationunreasonable...formulation1-19.Most people are shameless (i)____ where the very rich are concerned, (ii)____ curious about how they get their money and how they spend it.prigs…secretlycritics…endlesslyvoyeurs…insatiablyexhibitionists…blatantlyingrates…selfishly1-20. Some biologists argue that each specifically human trait must have arisen gradually and erratically, and that it is therefore difficult to isolate definite____ in the evolution of the species.fluctuationsgenerationspredispositionsmilestonesmanifestations1-21.Ultimately, the book’s credibility is strained; the slender, though far from(i)____, web of evidence presented on one salient point is expected tosupport a vast (ii)____ of implications.unconvincing…cacophonynonexistent…sup erstructureindispensable…arrayintricate…networkimposing…compendium微臣教育 You Get More than GRE.EXERCISE 22-1.Unlike a judge, who must act alone, a jury discusses a case and then reaches its decision as a group, thus minimizing the effect of ____ bias.legalprofessionalindividualunexpectedunarticulated2-2.One reason why pertinent fossils are (i)____ is that crucial stages of evolution occurred in the tropics where it is difficult to explore for fossils, and so their discovery has (ii)____.unique...resultedunconcealable...declineduncommon…laggedrecent…resumedprominent…failed2-3.The harmonious accommodation reached by the warring factions exemplifies the axiom that (i)____ is possible among people of goodwill, even when they have previously held quite (ii)____ perspectives.candor…indistinguishabletension…congenialagreement…unequivocalcompromise…antagonisticcoexistence…fixed2-4.The prime minister tried to act but the plans were ____ by her cabinet.frustrateddiscussedembellishedoverlookedunleashed微臣教育 You Get More than GRE.2-5.Amid the collapsing or out-of-control mechanical devices, the belching volcano had a disturbingly ____ quality, like a character who has stumbled onstage by mistake.anomalousoverwroughtobdurateephemeralderelict2-6.It is an error to regard the imagination as a mainly (i)____ force; if it destroys and alters, it also (ii)____ hitherto isolated beliefs, insights, and mental habits into strongly unified systems.visionary…conjuresbeneficial…convertsrevolutionary…fusesnegative…shuntssynthetic…integrates2-7.The semantic ____ of ancient documents is not unique; even in our own time, many documents are difficult to decipher.aspectpatternopacityintentionerudition2-8.The (i)____ success of any government depends on its ability to (ii)____ both foreign and domestic policies.poli tical…implementmilitary…distributesocial…completeessential…violatediplomatic…subsidize2-9.Although Ms. Brown found some of her duties to be _____, her supervision of forty workers was a considerable responsibility.ambiguousprovisionalmenialuniquemediocre2-10.Since the process of atherosclerosis cannot be (i)____ in humans, the best treatment known at this time is (ii)____ of the disease.reversed…preventiondi scovered…remissiondefined…explanationalleviated…detectionprecipitated…containment2-11.Postmodern architecture is not concerned with the easy goal of returning to the past but with the more (i)____ and difficult aim of (ii)____ historical forms into a new and complex whole.important…changingsubtle…integratingintellectual…updatingrewarding…dramatizingornamental…compressing2-12.In pollen dating, geologic happenings are dated in terms of each other, and one can get just so far by matching (i)____ sequences; but in radiocarbon dating the scale of time is measured in (ii)____ terms of centuries or years.random…selectiveirrelevant…usablevague…relativeindependent…absoluteimaginary…calculable2-13.Many welfare reformers would substitute a single, federally financed income support system for the existing ____ of overlapping programs.paucitycorefunctionalismparticipationwelter2-14.Because the report contained much more information than the reviewers needed to see, the author was asked to submit a ____ instead.compendiumsoliloquytreatiseprerequisitecritique2-15.Her lecture gave a sense of how empty the universe is, in spite of the ____ number of stars within it.diminishingvaryingenormousunusuallimited2-16.The wilderness is (i)____ in that it permits people to face an important reality—one that demands much of them as thinking, reacting, working individuals, not (ii)____ as human machines.foreign…necessarilyintangible…physicallystimulating…creativelydiscouraging…neutrallyvaluable…merely2-17. Ambrose Blerce’s biographers agree that the Civil W ar was the central experience of his life, the event to which be constantly returned and the (i)____ that brought some (ii)____ to the hitherto random pattern of his youth.ordeal…coherenceinterruption…continuityclimax…confusionescape…diversionhiatus…rigidity2-18.The constitutional guarantee of free speech may have been aimed at protecting native speakers of English from censorship, but it is not a great ____ to interpret it as protecting the right to express oneself in any natural language or dialect.enigmaextensionsacrificecondemnationattenuation2-19.Although Darwinism was a profoundly ____ world view, it was essentially passive, since it prescribed no steps to be taken, no victories over nature to be celebrated, no program of triumphs to be successively gained.limitedrepressivedebatableinnovativeparadoxical2-20.Personnel experts say that attractive benefits alone will not always keep(i)____ executives from changing jobs for better long-range opportunities, butthey think the enticements may deter many executives from accepting (ii)____ offers from other companies.discontented…preferableambitious…routineunqualified…inferiorexperienced…superiordedicated…advantageous2-21.The concept of timelessness is paradoxical from the start, for adult consciousness is ____ by the awareness of duration.intriguedrepelledmeasuredacceleratedpermeated微臣教育 You Get More than GRE.EXERCISE 33-1.It is true that the seeds of some plants have (i)____ after two hundred years of dormancy, but reports that viable seeds have been found in ancient tombs such as the pyramids are entirely (ii)____.revived…empiricalgerminated…unfoundedendured…irrelevanterupted…reasonableproliferated…substantiated3-2.Even though many persons in the audience jeered the star throughout the play, she ____ curtain calls.A. refused allB. adored someC. delayed severalD. appeared forE. balked at3-3.The most technologically advanced societies have been responsible for the greatest (i)____; indeed, savagery seems to be in direct proportion to (ii)____.wars…viciousnesscatastrophes…ill-willatrocities…developmentinventions…know-howtriumphs…civilization3-4.The combination of (i)____ and (ii)____ in Edmund’s speech can be startling, especially when he slyly slips in some juicy vulgarity amid the mellifluous circumlocutions of a gentleman of the old school.tact…innocenceraciness…ribaldrypiousness…modestyelegance…earthinesspropriety…bashfulness3-5. For many young people during the Roaring Twenties, a disgust with the excesses of American culture ____ a wanderlust to provoke an exodus abroad.stymiedoverwhelmedreflectedcombined withconflicted with3-6.Every new theory not only must (i)____ the valid predictions of the old theory, but must also explain why those predictions (ii)____ within the range of that old theory.organize…failedgenerate…falteredpromote…functionedrefute…evolvedaccommodate…succeeded3-7.Human reaction to the realm of thought is often as strong as that to sensible presences; our higher moral life is based on the fact that (i)____ sensations actually present may have a weaker influence on our action than do ideas of (ii)____ facts.disturbing…ordinarymaterial…remoteem otional…impersonaldefinitive…controversialfamiliar…symbolic3-8.Even though six players had been injured, the coach announced to the assembled reporters that the team would ____ the championship.ignorewinovercomedemandrefuse3-9.Although Jungius detected Galileo’s (i)____ in thinking that the curve assumed by a chain hanging freely between two supports was a parabola, he did not (ii)____ what the true form might be.wisdom…questionrationale…proveerror…discoversincerity...concealingenuity...understand3-10.Perhaps (i)____, since an ability to communicate effectively is an important trait of any great leader, it has been the (ii)____ presidents who have delivered the most notable inaugural addresses.predictably…exceptionalinvariably...famousundeniably…indomitablereciprocally…traditionalimpractically…influential3-11. Her remarkable (i)____, which first became apparent when she repeatedly defeated the older children at school, eventually earned for her some (ii)____ rewards, including a full athletic scholarship and several first-place trophies.sportsmanship…academicagility...monetarymodesty...unanticipatedspeed…tangiblepatience…well-deserved3-12.An example of an illegitimate method of argument is to lump (i)____ cases together deliberately under the (ii)____ that the same principles apply to each.unsuitable…impressiondisputable…stipulationirrelevant…assumptiondissimilar…pretenseindetermi nate…rationale3-13.The (i)____ of her career was her achievement of her greatest intellectual authority at the very moment when she was (ii)____ of a compelling subject.irony…assureddilemma…certainenigma…cognizantparadox…bereftepitome…despairi ng3-14.Although ordinarily skeptical about the purity of Robinson’s motives, in this instance Jenkins did not consider Robinson’s generosity to be ____consideration of personal gain.A. lacking inB. contrary toC. alloyed withD. mitigated byE. repudiated by3-15.There are simply no ____ for buying stock in certain industries since rapidly changing environmental restrictions will make a profitable return on anyinvestment very unlikely.incentivesarrangementsexplanationsconditionsprocedures3-16.He was widely regarded as a ____ man because he revealed daily his distrust of human nature and human motives.disrespectfulcynicalconfusedmisinformedfanatical3-17.Suspicious of too powerful a President, Americans nonetheless are ____ whena President does not act decisively.unifiedindifferentcontentuneasyadamant3-18.For those Puritans who believed that (i)____ obligations were imposed by divine will, the correct course of action was not withdrawal from the world but conscientious (ii)____ of the duties of business.practical…mystificationinherent…manipulationsecular…dischargeearthly…disavowaltrying…moderation3-19. Many philosophers agree that the verbal aggression of profanity in certain radical newspapers is not (i)____ or childish, but an assault on (ii)____ essential to the revolutionaries purpose.belligerent…fallibilityserious…proprietyinsolent…sociabilitydeliberate…affe ctationtrivial…decorum3-20.Plants store a (i)____ of water in their leaves, stems, or understock to provide themselves with a form of (ii)____ that will carry them through the inevitable drought they must suffer in the wild.supply…tolerancehoard…insurancereservoir…accommodationprovision…restorationcontribution…support3-21.Although (i)____ in her own responses to the plays she reviewed, the theatre critic was, paradoxically, (ii)____ those who would deny that a reviewer must have a single method of interpretation.A. dogmatic…impatient withB. eclectic…suspicious ofC. partisan…hostile towardD. capricious…intrigued byE. indulgent…indebted by微臣教育 You Get More than GRE.EXERCISE 44-1.Faraday does not (i)____ any particular theory; she believes that each theory increases our understanding of some dreams but that no single theory can (ii)____ them all.endorse…explaindiscuss…simplifymention…replaceevaluate…identifycriticize…eradicate4-2.Although his outnumbered troops fought bravely, the general felt he had no choice but to (i)____ defeat and (ii)____ a retreat.hasten…su ggestseek…tryoversee…rejectovercome…requestacknowledge…order4-3.Despite some allowances for occupational mobility, the normal expectation of seventeenth-century English society was that the child’s vocation would develop along familial lines; (i)____ the career of one’s parents was therefore (ii)____.A. disagreement with…forbiddenB. divergence from…limitedC. preparation for…difficultD. reliance on…unanticipatedE. assumption of…premature4-4.The little-known but rapidly expanding use of computers in mapmaking is technologically similar to the more ____ uses in designing everything from bolts to satellites.recentimpromptupublicizedingenuoussecure4-5.The impact of a recently published collection of essays, written during and about the last presidential campaign, is lessened by its timing; it comes too late to affect us with its (i)____ and too soon for us to read it out of historical (ii)____.foresight…anxietyresearch…consistencyassuredness…skepticismimmediacy…curiosityveracity…respect4-6. It would be misleading to use a published play to generalize aboutfifteenth-century drama: the very fact of publication should serve as a (i)____ of the play’s (ii)____ character.qualification…unusualmanifestation…unsophisticatedrestatement…untraditionalwarning…unrepresentativedemonstration…unliterary4-7.The Neoplatonists’ conception of a deity, in which perfection was measured by abundant fecundity, was contradicted by that of the Aristotelians, in which perfection was displayed in the ____ of creation.profusionprecisionvarietyclarityeconomy4-8.Stress is experienced when an individual feels that the (i)____ of the environment (ii)____ that individual’s resources for handling them.circumstances…intensifydetails…excludedemands…exceedfacets…implybenefits…reveal4-9.To compensate for the substantial decline in the availability of fossil fuels in future years, we will have to provide at least ____ alternative energy source.A. an anticipatedB. an officialC. an equivalentD. a derivativeE. a redundant4-10.Students of the Great Crash of 1929 have never understood why even the most informed observers did not recognize and heed the (i)____ economic danger signals that in (ii)____ seem so apparent.obvious…combinationearly…conclusiondirect…applicationfuture…potentialprior…retrospect4-11.While admitting that the risks incurred by use of the insecticide were not(i)____, the manufacturer’s spokesperson argued that effective (ii)____ weresimply not available.inconsequential…substitutesunusual…alternativesincreasing…proceduresinde terminable…safeguardsproven…antidotes4-12. Because time in India is conceived statically rather than dynamically, Indian languages emphasize nouns rather than verbs, since nouns express the more____ aspects of a thing.paradoxicalprevalenttemporalsuccessivestable4-13.The essence of belief is the establishment of ____; different beliefs are distinguishable by the different modes of action to which they give rise.lovepracticetrustcommitmentsallegiances4-14.The simplicity of the theory—its main attraction is also its (i)____, for only by (ii)____ the assumptions of the theory is it possible to explain the most recent observations made by researchers.liability…acceptingvirtue…qualifyingdownfall…consideringglory…rejectingundoing…supplementing4-15.Our young people, whose (i)_____ sensitivities have not yet become (ii)_____, have a purer and more immediate response than we do to our environment.native…excitedkeen…callousdull…numbedimpartial…objectivesophisticated…perceptive4-16.The repudiation of Puritanism in seventeenth-century England expressed itself not only in retaliatory laws to (i)_____ Puritans, but also in a general attitude of (ii)_____ for Puritans.restrict…contemptregulate…regardbenefit…affectionrepress…respectevade…hatred4-17.It is a great (i)_____ to be able to transfer useful genes with as little extra gene material as possible, because the donor’s genome may contain, in addition to desirable genes, many genes with (ii)_____ effects.misfortune…unpredictabledisappointment…superfluousconvenience…exquisiteaccomplishment…profoundadvantage…deleterious4-18.Because it has no distinct and recognizable typographical form and few recurring narrative conventions, the novel is, of all literary genres, the least susceptible to _____.misuseimprecisioninquirydefinitioninnovation4-19.The brittle fronds of the Boston fern break easily and become brown, so that the overall appearance of the plant is _____ unless the broken fronds are cut off.admiredoverrateddisparagedbluntedruined4-20.There is no necessary intrinsic connection between a word and the thing it refers to; the relationship is purely _____.conventionalconsistentstrategicillustrativeproblematical4-21.That the Third Battalion’s fifty-percent casualty rate transformed its assault on Hill 306 from a brilliant stratagem into a debacle does not (i)_____ eyewitness reports of its commander’s extraordinary (ii)_____ in deploying his forces.justify…rapiditygainsay…clevernesscorroborate…d eterminationinvalidate…brutalityunderscore…ineptitude微臣教育 You Get More than GRE.EXERCISE 55-1. Hydrogen is the ____ element of the universe in that it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced.steadiestexpendablelightestfinalfundamental5-2.Few of us take the pains to study our cherished convictions; indeed, we almost have a natural ____ doing so.A. aptitude forB. repugnance toC. interest inD. ignorance ofE. reaction after5-3.It is his dubious distinction to have proved what nobody would think of denying, that Romero at the age of sixty-four writes with all the characteristics of ____.maturityfictioninventivenessartbrilliance5-4.The primary criterion for (i)____a school is its recent performance: critics are (ii)____to extend credit for earlier victories.evaluating...proneinvestigating…hesitantjudging...reluctantimproving…eageradminist ering…persuaded5-5.Number theory is rich in problems of an especially (i)____ sort: they are tantalizingly simple to state but (ii)____ difficult to solve.cryptic…deceptivelyspuriou s…equallyabstruse…ostensiblyelegant…rarelyvexing...notoriously5-6.In failing to see that the justice’s pronouncement merely (i)____ previous decisions rather than actually establishing a precedent, the novice law clerk (ii)____ the scope of the justice’s judgment.synthesized…limitedoverturned…misunderstoodendorsed…nullifiedqualified…overemphasizedrecapitulated…defined5-7.When theories formerly considered to be (i)____ in their scientific objectivity are found instead to reflect a consistent observational and evaluative bias, then the presumed neutrality of science gives way to the recognition that categories of knowledge are human (ii)____.disinterested…constructionscallous…errorsverifiable…prejudicesconvincing…imperativesun assailable…fantasies5-8.Although the minuet appeared simple, its (i)____ steps had to be studied very carefully before they could be gracefully (ii)___in public.progressive…revealedintricate…executedrudimentary…allowedminute…discussedentertain ing…stylized5-9.The results of the experiments performed by Elizabeth Hazen and Rachel Brown were (i)____ not only because these results challenged old assumptions but also because they called the (ii)____ methodology into question.provocative…prevailingpredictable…contemporaryinconclusive…traditionalintriguing…projectedspecious…original5-10.Despite the (i)____ of many of their colleagues, some scholars have begun to emphasize “pop culture” as a key for (ii)____ the myths, hopes, and fears of contemporary society.antipathy…entanglingdiscernment…evaluatingpedantry…reinstatingskepticism…decipheringenthusiasm…symbolizing5-11.In the seventeenth century, direct flouting of a generally accepted system of values was regarded as ____, even as a sign of madness.adventurousfrivolouswillfulimpermissibleirrational5-12.Queen Elizabeth I has quite correctly been called a ____ of the arts, because many young artists received her patronage.connoisseurcriticfriendscourgejudge5-13.Because outlaws were denied (i)____ under medieval law, anyone could raisea hand against them with legal (ii)____.propriety…authorityprotection…impunitycollusion…consentrights…collaborationprovisions…validity5-14.Rather than enhancing a country’s security, the successful development of nuclear weapons could serve at first to increase that country’s ____.boldnessinfluenceresponsibilitymoderationvulnerability5-15.Physicists rejected the innovative experimental technique because, although it(i)____ some problems, it also produced new (ii)____.clarified…dataeased…interpretationsresolved…complicationscaused…hypothesesrevealed…inconsistencies5-16.During a period of protracted illness, the sick can become infirm, ____ both the strength to work and many of the specific skills they once possessed.regainingdenyingpursuinginsuringlosing。

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21. When is the talk on James Brindley?
A. February 6th.
B. March 6th.
C. November 7th.
D. December 5th.
22. What is the topic of the talk in February?
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red strawberries, the red-painted sides of the Java Dawg coffee truck; and most of all,
the tomatoes: amazing, large, soft and round red tomatoes.
C. Eat in a restaurant. D. Buy fresh vegetables.
C
Salvador Dali (1904—1989) was one of the most popular of modern artists. The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his
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2015 年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅰ）

4.What is the best title for this passage?
A.Petting ZooB.Love is Sacrificial Action!C.Try Your Best to Help Others
5.From the passage we can learn that ________.
A.Three.B.Five.C.Fifteen.
2.What do about 419 million people like doing on line in 2023?
A.They like checking daily news.B.They like live-streaming.C.They like ordering food.
I was moved. We went back to the petting zoo. Susan stood with her hands and chin (下巴) resting on the fence and just watched Robbie go crazy petting and feeding the animals. I had fifty cents burning a hole in my pocket. I put my hand into my pocket and took out the money. Sure, I must do that!
A.the family lived a hard life
B.Susan didn'the author was strict with the children
6.The underlined part “the most beautiful thing”in Paragraph 5 refers to ________.