【尚友制造】36套阅读解析exer15

T P O36阅读文本和题目正式版TPO36-1The First EyePutting a date on the first appearance of eyes depends on what one means by eye. If the term refers to a multicellular organ, even if it has just a few cells, then by definition, eyes could not form before there were multicellular animals. But many protists (animal-like, plantlike, or fungus-like unicellular organisms that require a water-based environment) can detect light by using aggregations of pigment molecules, and they use this information to modify their metabolic activity or motility (the ability to move spontaneously and independently). One of the familiar living examples, probably known to anyone who has taken a biology class, is the aquatic protozoan Euglena, which has an eyespot near its motile fIagellum (hairlike structure). Some living protists are very like their ancestral forms embedded in ancient sedimentary rocks, and this similarity suggests that the ability to detect light and modify behavior in response to light has been around for a very long time. Animals arose from one of such unicellular creatures, perhaps from one already specialized for a primitive kind of vision.An eye is a collection of cells that are specialized for light detection through the presence of photosensitive pigment as well as a means of restricting the direction of incoming light that will strike the photosensitive cells. This definition says nothing about image formation, lenses, eye movements, or any of the other features we associate with our own eyes, but it does recognize the simplest form of functional and anatomical specialisation namely, detection of light. Everything else can be built up from this simple beginning, and some animals appear to have had eyes almost from the beginning of the animal kingdom.Animals were scarce 600 million years ago in the geological era called the Precambrian. There are very few fossil remains from that time (though more keep turning up), and most evidence of the presence of animals is indirect, such as small tunnels in rock that could be ancient worm burrowings. But just 50 million years or so later, fossilized bits and pieces of animals abound, suggesting that a great burst of evolutionary creativity occurred in the 50-million-year interval. This surge of new life, marked by an abundance of animals, is called the Cambrian explosion.The first direct evidence for the early origin of eyes comes from fossils that are about 530 million years old, a time shortly after the Cambrian explosion; they were found on a mountainside in British Columbia in a deposit known as the Burgess Shale. The Burgess Shale fossils are extraordinarily important because among them are remains of soft-bodied creatures, many of them lacking shells and other hard parts that fossilize easily. Consequently, their preservation is little short of miraculous (as are the delicate methods used to reconstruct three-dimensional structure from these flattened fossils), and they are one of the few known repositories of early soft-bodied animals.Not all of the Burgess animals had eyes. However, some did. (Gross features location, size, and hemispheric shape are responsible for the designation of some structures as eyes). The reconstructed eyes of these Burgess animals look superficially like eyes of some living crustaceans, particularly those of shrimp and crabs whose eyes are mounted on stalks that improve the range of vision by raising the eyes above the surface of the head. The eyes of some Burgess organisms sat on stalks; those of others were on or a part of the body surface. One animal, Opabinia, had five eyes: two lateral pairs and a single medial eye; at least one of the lateral pairs had stalks that could have been movable. And some trilobite-like animals in the Burgess Shale had faceted eyes much like those of later fossil trilobites.Although the presence of eyes on some of the Burgess animals indicates that eyes have been around for a very long time, it is unlikely that these were the first eyes; they seem much too large and (potentially) well developed to be brand new inventions. The best we can do is put the origin of eyes somewhere between thebeginning of the Cambrian explo sion, about 600 million years ago, and the death of the Burgess animals, some 530 million years ago.Paragraph 1: Putting a date on the first appearance of eyes depends on what one means by eye. If the term refers to a multicellular organ, even if it has just a few cells, then by definition, eyes could not form before there were multicellular animals. But many protists (animal-like, plantlike, or fungus-like unicellular organisms that require a water-based environment) can detect light by using aggregations of pigment molecules, and they use this information to modify their metabolic activity or motility (the ability to move spontaneously and independently). One of the familiar living examples, probably known to anyone who has taken a biology class, is the aquatic protozoan Euglena, which has an eyespot near its motile fIagellum (hairlike structure). Some living protists are very like their ancestral forms embedded in ancient sedimentary rocks, and this similarity suggests that the ability to detect light and modify behavior in response to light has been around for a very long time. Animals arose from one of such unicellular creatures, perhaps from one already specialized for a primitive kind of vision.1. The word “aggregations” in the passage is closest in meaning to☐Parts.☐Reactions.☐Groups.☐Types.2. Paragraph 1 supports all of the following statements about protists EXCEPT:☐Some are multicellular.☐Some are able to move.☐Some have pigment molecules.☐They live in environments that contain moisture.3. According to paragraph 1, what have scientists concluded from the fact that some living protists are very like their ancestral forms☐The eye did not evolve until multicellular organisms arose.☐The ability to detect light and change behavior in response to light has existed for a long time.☐The ancestral forms of these living protists likely had an eyespot near the motile flagellum.☐The ancestral forms of these living protists depended primarily on light as the mechanism for modifying their metabolic activity or motility.Paragraph 2: An eye is a collection of cells that are specialized for light detection through the presence of photosensitive pigment as well as a means of restricting the direction of incoming light that will strike the photosensitive cells. This definition says nothing about image formation, lenses, eye movements, or any of the other features we associate with our own eyes, but it does recognize the simplest form of functional and anatomical specialisation namely, detection of light. Everything else can be built up from this simple beginning, and some animals appear to have had eyes almost from the beginning of the animal kingdom. 4. Paragraph 2 implies which of the following about the early eyes☐They were able to detect simple movements almost from the beginning of their evolution.☐They were not as sensitive to light as once thought.☐They could not form images.☐Their cells had more photosensitive pigment than do human eyesParagraph 3: Animals were scarce 600 million years ago in the geological era called the Precambrian. There are very few fossil remains from that time (though more keep turning up), and most evidence of the presence of animals is indirect, such as small tunnels in rock that could be ancient worm burrowings. But just 50million years or so later, fossilized bits and pieces of animals abound, suggesting that a great burst of evolutionary creativity occurred in the 50-million-year interval. This surge of new life, marked by an abundance of animals, is called the Cambrian explosion.5. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage. Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.☐There are few fossils from the Precambrian, though more keep turning up.☐Most evidence of animals in the fossil record is indirect and little of it is from the Precambrian.☐Tunnels in Precambrian rocks that may have been made by worms provide indirect evidence of these animals existing at that time.☐There are very few fossils of animals from the Precambrian and most evidence of animal life from that period is indirect.6. According to paragraph 3, the Cambrian period was characterized by☐ A great abundance of animals☐ A slow rate of animal extinction☐The rapid fossilization of animals☐An increase in the life span of some animalsParagraph 4: The first direct evidence for the early origin of eyes comes from fossils that are about 530 million years old, a time shortly after the Cambrian explosion; they were found on a mountainside in British Columbia in a deposit known as the Burgess Shale. The Burgess Shale fossils are extraordinarily important because among them are remains of soft-bodied creatures, many of them lacking shells and other hard parts that fossilize easily. Consequently, their preservation is little short of miraculous (as are the delicate methods used to reconstruct three-dimensional structure from these flattened fossils), and they are one of the few known repositories of early soft-bodied animals.7. The phrase little short of miraculous is closest in meaning☐To very highly valued☐Amazing because almost impossible☐Causing controversy☐Almost but not quite complete8. According to paragraph 4, all of the following are true of the Burgess Shale EXCEPT:☐Its fossils were in a flattened condition when discovered.☐Its fossils provide direct evidence about the origin of eyes.☐It contains fossils of both Precambrian and Cambrian animals.☐It contains fossilized remains of soft-bodied organisms.Paragraph 5: Not all of the Burgess animals had eyes. However, some did. (Gross features location, size, and hemispheric shape are responsible for the designation of some structures as eyes). The reconstructed eyes of these Burgess animals look superficially like eyes of some living crustaceans, particularly those of shrimp and crabs whose eyes are mounted on stalks that improve the range of vision by raising the eyes above the surface of the head. The eyes of some Burgess organisms sat on stalks; those of others were on or a part of the body surface. One animal, Opabinia, had five eyes: two lateral pairs and a single medial eye; at least one of the lateral pairs had stalks that could have been movable. And some trilobite-like animals in the Burgess Shale had faceted eyes much like those of later fossil trilobites.9. The word designation in the passage is closest in meaning to☐Evolution☐Identification☐Reconstruction☐Confusion10. The word lateral in the passage indicates a location at the☐Front☐Back☐Top☐Side11. Why does the author point out that The eyes of some Burgess organisms sat on stalks?☐To suggest that some Burgess organisms had a greater range of vision than do living shrimp and crabs ☐To explain why it is thought that one of the lateral pairs of eyes in Opabinia may have been movable ☐To explain why the eyes of some Burgess animals were not recognizable as such before they were reconstructed☐To support the statement that the reconstructed eyes of Burgess animals look superficially like the eyes of some living crustaceansParagraph 6: Although the presence of eyes on some of the Burgess animals indicates that eyes have been around for a very long time, it is unlikely that these were the first eyes; they seem much too large and (potentially) well developed to be brand new inventions. The best we can do is put the origin of eyes somewhere between the beginning of the Cambrian explo sion, about 600 million years ago, and the death of the Burgess animals, some 530 million years ago.12. Paragraph 6 suggests that the first eyes probably☐Came into existence long before 600 million years ago☐Came into existence at a late point in the Cambrian period☐Existed before the animals of the Burgess Shale existed☐Were larger than those of animals found in the Burgess ShaleParagraph 1: Putting a date on the first appearance of eyes depends on what one means by eye. If the term refers to a multicellular organ, even if it has just a few cells, then by definition, eyes could not form before there were multicellular animals. ■But many protists (animal-like, plantlike, or fungus-like unicellular organisms that require a water-based environment) can detect light by using aggregations of pigment molecules, and they use this information to modify their metabolic activity or motility (the ability to move spontaneously and independently). ■One of the familiar living examples, probably known to anyone who has taken a biology class, is the aquatic protozoan Euglena, which has an eyespot near its motile fIagellum (hairlike structure). ■Some living protists are very like their ancestral forms embedded in ancient sedimentary rocks, and this similarity suggests that the ability to detect light and modify behavior in response to light has been around for a very long time. ■Animals arose from one of such unicellular creatures, perhaps from one already specialized for a primitive kind of vision.13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.Molaria spinifera and H. Optata, both of which lived in water levels beyond the reach of light, fit into this category.14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.Drag your choices to the spaces where they belong. To review the passage, click on View Text.Answer Choices☐The ability of some unicellular organisms to detect light and change their behavior accordingly suggests that eyes did not originate with multicellular animals.☐The earliest eyes apparently contained molecules that were capable of forming and focusing images.☐Too few fossils from the Precambrian have been found to determine which if any Precambrian organisms had eyes.☐Evidence from the Burgess Shale suggests that eyes of some early animals were similar to the eyes of living crustaceans.☐Fossil evidence suggests that organisms in the Burgess Shale with faceted eyes developed later than organisms in the Burgess Shale with n onfaceted eyes.☐The large size and possible complexity of the eyes of some organisms in the Burgess Shale suggest that their eyes were not the first eyes.TPO36-2The origin of Earth’s atmosphereIn order to understand the origin of Earth's atmosphere, we must go back to the earliest days of the solar system, before the planets themselves were formed from a disk of rocky material spinning around the young Sun. This material gradually coalesced into lumps called planetesimals as gravity and chance smashed smaller pieces together, a chaotic and violent process that became more so as planetesimals grew in size and gravitational pull. Within each orbit, collisions between planetesimals generated immense heat and energy. How violent these processes were is suggested by the odd tilt and spin of many of the planets, which indicate that each of the planets was, like a billiard ball, struck at some stage by another large body of some kind. Visual evidence of these processes can be seen by looking at the Moon. Because the Moon has no atmosphere, its surface is not subject to erosion, so it retains the marks of its early history. Its face is deeply scarred by millions of meteoric impacts, as you can see on a clear night with a pair of binoculars. The early Earth did not have much of an atmosphere. Before it grew to full size, its gravitational pull was insufficient to prevent gases from drifting off into space, while the solar wind (the great stream of atomic particles emitted from the Sun) had already driven away much of the gaseous material from the inner orbits of the solar system. So we must imagine the early Earth as a mixture of rocky materials, metals, and trapped gases, subject to constant bombardment by smaller planetesimals and without much of an atmosphere.As it began to reach full size, Earth heated up, partly because of collisions with other planetesimals and partly because of increasing internal pressures as it grew in size. In addition, the early Earth contained abundant radioactive materials, also a source of heat. As Earth heated up, its interior melted. Within the molten interior, under the influence of gravity, different elements were sorted out by density. By about 40 million years after the formation of the solar system, most of the heavier metallic elements in the early Earth, such as iron and nickel, had sunk through the hot sludge to the center giving Earth a core dominated by iron. This metallic core gives Earth its characteristic magnetic field, which has played an extremely important role in the history of our planet.As heavy materials headed for the center of Earth, lighter silicates (such as the mineral quartz) drifted upward. The denser silicates formed Earth's mantle, a region almost 3,000 kilometers thick between the core and the crust. With the help of bombardment by comets, whose many impacts scarred and heated Earth's surface, the lightest silicates rose to Earth's surface, where they cooled more rapidly than the better- insulated materials in Earth's interior. These lighter materials, such as the rocks we call granites, formed alayer of continental crust about 35 kilometers thick. Relative to Earth as a whole, this is as thin as an eggshell. Seafloor crust is even thinner, at about 7 kilometers; thus, even continental crust reaches only about 1/200th of the way to Earth's core. Much of the early continental crust has remained on Earth's surface to the present day.The lightest materials of all, including gases such as hydrogen and helium, bubbled through Earth's interior to the surface. So we can imagine the surface of the early Earth as a massive volcanic field. And we can judge pretty well what gases bubbled up to that surface by analyzing the mixture of gases emitted by volcanoes. These include hydrogen, helium, methane, water vapor, nitrogen, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide. Other materials, including large amounts of water vapor, were brought in by cometary bombardments. Much of the hydrogen and helium escaped; but once Earth was fully formed, it was large enough for its gravitational field to hold most of the remaining gases, and these formed Earth's first stable atmosphere. Paragraph 1: In order to understand the origin of Earth's atmosphere, we must go back to the earliest days of the solar system, before the planets themselves were formed from a disk of rocky material spinning around the young Sun. This material gradually coalesced into lumps called planetesimals as gravity and chance smashed smaller pieces together, a chaotic and violent process that became more so as planetesimals grew in size and gravitational pull. Within each orbit, collisions between planetesimals generated immense heat and energy. How violent these processes were is suggested by the odd tilt and spin of many of the planets, which indicate that each of the planets was, like a billiard ball, struck at some stage by another large body of some kind. Visual evidence of these processes can be seen by looking at the Moon. Because the Moon has no atmosphere, its surface is not subject to erosion, so it retains the marks of its early history. Its face is deeply scarred by millions of meteoric impacts, as you can see on a clear night with a pair of binoculars. The early Earth did not have much of an atmosphere. Before it grew to full size, its gravitational pull was insufficient to prevent gases from drifting off into space, while the solar wind (the great stream of atomic particles emitted from the Sun) had already driven away much of the gaseous material from the inner orbits of the solar system. So we must imagine the early Earth as a mixture of rocky materials, metals, and trapped gases, subject to constant bombardment by smaller planetesimals and without much of an atmosphere.1. The word coalesced in the passage is closest in meaning to☐Collided☐Joined☐Changed☐Shrank2. The word chaotic in the passage is closest in meaning to☐Rapid☐Disorganized☐Intense☐Long-lasting3. All of the following are true of the planetesimals mentioned in paragraph 1 EXCEPT:☐They were formed of rocky material spinning around the early Sun.☐They collided violently with each other.☐They gradually grew in size.☐They lost their atmospheres as they were hit by larger bodies.4. The word retains in the passage is closest in meaning to☐Reveals☐Acquires☐Hides☐Preserves5. The author discusses the Moon in paragraph 1 in order to☐Help explain why Earth had fewer meteoric impacts than other planets in the solar system☐Show why it is difficult to understand how the first planetary atmospheres developed☐Help explain the processes that took place in the formation of large planetary bodies in the solar system ☐Illustrate why the Moon's spin and tilt are unique among other planetary bodies in the solar system6. The word constant in the passage is closest in meaning to☐Considerable☐Unpredictable☐Continual☐ViolentParagraph 2: As it began to reach full size, Earth heated up, partly because of collisions with other planetesimals and partly because of increasing internal pressures as it grew in size. In addition, the early Earth contained abundant radioactive materials, also a source of heat. As Earth heated up, its interior melted. Within the molten interior, under the influence of gravity, different elements were sorted out by density. By about 40 million years after the formation of the solar system, most of the heavier metallic elements in the early Earth, such as iron and nickel, had sunk through the hot sludge to the center giving Earth a core dominated by iron. This metallic core gives Earth its characteristic magnetic field, which has played an extremely important role in the history of our planet.7. Paragraph 2 answers which of the following questions about early Earth☐What caused materials on Earth to become radioactive☐What percentage of Earth's core was nickel☐What internal pressures caused Earth to heat up as it grew in size☐What caused Earth's magnetic field8. According to paragraph 2, Earth's core is mostly iron because, compared to most other elements on early Earth, iron☐was denser☐melted more easily☐was more radioactive☐was more plentifulParagraph 3: As heavy materials headed for the center of Earth, lighter silicates (such as the mineral quartz) drifted upward. The denser silicates formed Earth's mantle, a region almost 3,000 kilometers thick between the core and the crust. With the help of bombardment by comets, whose many impacts scarred and heated Earth's surface, the lightest silicates rose to Earth's surface, where they cooled more rapidly than the better- insulated materials in Earth's interior. These lighter materials, such as the rocks we call granites, formed a layer of continental crust about 35 kilometers thick. Relative to Earth as a whole, this is as thin as an eggshell. Seafloor crust is even thinner, at about 7 kilometers; thus, even continental crust reaches only about 1/200th of the way to Earth's core. Much of the early continental crust has remained on Earth's surface to the present day.10. According to paragraph 3, Earth's continental crust☐has changed significantly in composition over time☐was as thick as Earth's mantle in its early stages☐is very thin relative to Earth's size☐caused the temperatures of Earth's early core and mantle to gradually increaseParagraph 4: The lightest materials of all, including gases such as hydrogen and helium, bubbled through Earth's interior to the surface. So we can imagine the surface of the early Earth as a massive volcanic field.And we can judge pretty well what gases bubbled up to that surface by analyzing the mixture of gases emitted by volcanoes. These include hydrogen, helium, methane, water vapor, nitrogen, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide. Other materials, including large amounts of water vapor, were brought in by cometary bombardments. Much of the hydrogen and helium escaped; but once Earth was fully formed, it was large enough for its gravitational field to hold most of the remaining gases, and these formed Earth's first stable atmosphere.11. The word emitted in the passage is closest in meaning to☐Released☐Consumed☐Contained☐Heated12. What can be inferred from paragraph 4 about Earth's first stable atmosphere?☐It existed before Earth was yet fully formed.☐It contained very little hydrogen and helium.☐It contained only materials that had bubbled up through Earth's surface.☐It lacked water vapor.Paragraph 3: As heavy materials headed for the center of Earth, lighter silicates (such as the mineral quartz) drifted upward. The denser silicates formed Earth's mantle, a region almost 3,000 kilometers thick between the core and the crust. With the help of bombardment by comets, whose many impacts scarred and heated Earth's surface, the lightest silicates rose to Earth's surface, where they cooled more rapidly than the better-insulated materials in Earth's interior. ■These lighter materials, such as the rocks we call granites, formed a layer of continental crust about 35 kilometers thick. ■Relative to Earth as a whole, this is as thin as an eggshell. ■Seafloor crust is even thinner, at about 7 kilome ters; thus, even continental crust reaches only about 1/200th of the way to Earth's core. Much of the early continental crust has remained on Earth's surface to the present day. ■13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.Even some of its oldest portions as old as 3.8 billion years can still be found in parts of Canada, Australia, South Africa, and Greenland.14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This questions is worth 2 points.Drag your choices to the spaces where they belong.Answer Choices☐Early Earth's lack of an atmosphere explains why it was bombarded with much more frequency and violence than other planetesimals.☐Continued bombardments and internal pressures made the growing Earth hotter, causing its interior to melt and the heavier elements to sink and form Earth's core.☐Lighter elements from Earth's interior rose and formed the mantle, a denser layer of silicates around the core, and the crust, a thinner layer of silicates at Earth's surface.☐Early Earth's lack of an atmosphere explains why it was bombarded with much more frequency and violence than other planetesimals.☐Continued bombardments and internal pressures made the growing Earth hotter, causing its interior to melt and the heavier elements to sink and form Earth's core.。

topik第36届阅读翻译详解第36届阅读40.1.星期五和民秀见面 2.周末和美英登山 3.一周游泳两次 4.十月20 去购物41.，对不起。

因为我在图书馆不能接电话。

十分钟以后给你打电话。

1.民秀在图书馆2. 要去图书馆3.民秀10分钟以后打电话4. 给民秀打了电话42.孩子和妈妈爸爸一起制作美味的食物。

给咖啡喝橙汁1.妈妈交一万元2.咖啡和橙汁一起制作3.料理教室每周六有4.父母和孩子制作烤肉43.我学习画画。

每个周末去公园画画。

偶尔和妈妈去美术馆参观。

1.我和妈妈去公园2.妈妈学画画3.我在公园画画4.妈妈独自去美术馆44.今天晚上来客人。

所以早晨买了花还打扫了房间。

如果公司下班要早早地回家准备食物。

1. 要晚上清扫2.要和客人吃晚饭3.已经准备好了食物4.客人会买花来45.我心痛疲惫的时候和朋友见面。

和朋友见面把我的想法说给朋友。

那样的话心情好且愉快。

1.我很喜欢听朋友的故事2.我如果见到朋友心很痛3.我心情好的时候和朋友见面4.我疲惫的时候和朋友聊天。

46.我给孩子做书包。

也经常给其他的人做书包作为礼物。

虽然做书包困难但是很有意思。

1.我学习制作书包很困难2.我喜欢做书包3.我和别人一起做书包4.我给孩子做书包作为礼物。

47.朋友腿疼所以不能来上课。

我下午要告诉朋友作业。

打算明天先去朋友家一起去学校48.哥哥小的时候安静没有话。

所以喜欢独自一个人。

但是现在经常说一些有趣的话经常和人见面。

1.哥哥和以前有很大不同2.哥哥最近不怎么说话3.哥哥不能说有趣的故事4.哥哥以前经常和人见面49.学校前面新咖啡店开门了。

这个咖啡店（）。

客人自己准备想喝的茶喝了以后杯子也要自己清洗。

喝完茶以后把茶费交到“放钱的地方”就行。

因为这个咖啡店可以方便地坐很长时间，而且价格也便宜，所以人气很旺。

1.没怎么有客人2.有亲切的职员3.没有做事情的人4.主人亲自做茶50. 1.这个咖啡店有很长时间了 2.咖啡店的茶价格不便宜 3.客人点了茶要等待4.这个咖啡店因为方便人们很喜欢51. 120很方便。

广东省2024年中考英语模拟试卷阅卷人一、语法选择（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）得分通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。

Hello,welcome to Shirley's Time!Have you ever heard of Alyssa?Alyssa is1．astronaut.She2．to be the first person to land on Mars by NASA in2021at the age of17.She may go to Mars in2033and never come back to the earth.So3．father is a little worried. He thinks that Mars may be a very dangerous place.Alyssa4．the earth in the future.Alyssa explained why she dreamed5．being an astronaut in a recent interview.She said,"Well,I first wanted6．an astronaut from watching a cartoon called TheBackyardigans when I was three.In the cartoon, the characters flew to Mars."After that,the girl just kept asking for videos,books and anything she could find about space.And her parents have always given her love and support.Alyssa has always been working very7．for her dream.She went to an expensive space school to get training.Studying there isn't always easy.It needs to pass a lot of tests like floating(漂浮)in the air.At first she felt sick in her stomach,8．later she got used to it.Finally,she made it to be an astronaut. 9．wonderful she was!From what she said,we also knew10．Alyssa enjoyed speaking in public and talking to the girls who wanted to be astronauts.Thanks for listening.1．A．a B．an C．the2．A．chose B．was chosen C．is chosen3．A．her B．she C．hers4．A．will leave B．leaves C．left5．A．to B．on C．of6．A．become B．becoming C．to become7．A．hard B．harder C．hardest8．A．and B．or C．but9．A．How B．What C．What a10．A．who B．that C．whether阅卷人二、完形填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）得分通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在每小题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。

湖南省2024年初中学业水平联考试卷(三)英语考生注意：1.本学科试卷分试题卷和答题卡两部分，考试时量100分钟，满分100分。

2.请将姓名、准考证号填在答题卡上。

3.请在答题卡上作答，答在试卷上无效。

第一部分听力理解(共两节，20小题，计20分)第一节(共5 小题；每小题1分，计5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话读两遍。

1. What is in Jim's pencil case?A. A ruler.B. A pencil.C. An eraser.2. Where will they meet?A. In the park.B. In the zoo.C. In the cinema.3. How did the man get to the bookshop?A. By bus.B. On foot.C. By bike.4. How long has Jim learned the piano?A. For three years.B. For four years.C. For five years.5. What does Daniel want to be when he grows up?A. A teacher.B. A doctor.C. A cook.第二节(共15小题；每小题1分，计15分)听下面6段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第六段材料，回答第6、7小题。

6. What's Amy's favorite hobby?A. Singing.B. Dancing.C. Drawing.7. Which club does Amy advise Sam to join?A. The cooking club.B. The acting club.C. The music club.听第七段材料，回答第8、9小题。

目录《陈琦GRE填空强化36套》用前必读2第十三套713.1核心词汇表 (7)13.2练习题 (8)第十四套1414.1核心词汇表 (14)14.2练习题 (15)第十五套2115.1核心词汇表 (21)15.2练习题 (22)6陈琦G RE 填空强化36套第十三套13.1核心词汇表《新GRE 核心词汇考法精析》收录单词（共46词）adaptaltruism anomalousantipathy apprehensive aversion circumlocution clichécongenial conscientious consternation constrain consummate credible deliberate delicacy deter disguise elaborate enamored euphemism fickle hasten imitation impede impenetrable ingenious inherent innovative issuejargonlucid outmoded penaltyprecipitate provoke psychology redundant relevant salient soundstrength subjectsuppresssynthesisvague基础单词补充（共23词）approach v.tr.达成：To make advances to especially in order to create a desired result.basis n.基础：A foundation upon which something rests.cease v.tr.停止：To put an end to;discontinue.charitable adj.宽容的：Mild or tolerant in judging others;lenient.color v.tr.歪曲：To misrepresent,especially by distortion or exaggeration.conquer v.tr.征服：To defeat or subdue by force,especially by force of arms.difference n.差异：The quality or condition of being unlike or dissimilar.disenfranchise v.tr.剥夺：To deprive of a privilege or right officially granted a person or agroup by a government,especially,of a legal right,or of some privilege or immunity.dismiss v.tr.因为不重要而不考虑;不理会：To reject serious consideration.7陈琦G RE 填空强化36套8第十三套dogmatist n.教条主义者/严肃死板的人：One who expresses or sets forth dogma.eliminate v.tr.消除：To get rid of;remove.fanatical adj.狂热的：Possessed with or motivated by excessive,irrational zeal.gain v.tr.谋生：To secure as profit or reward;earn.independent adj.独立自治的：Not governed by a foreign power;self-governing.insignificant adj.不重要的：Having little or no meaning.mask v.tr.掩盖：To make indistinct or blurred to the senses.neutral adj.客观的：Not aligned with,supporting,or favoring either side in a war,dispute,or contest.originality n.独创性：The quality of being original.perception n.认识：The effect or product of achieving understanding of.pervasive adj.渗透性的：Having the quality or tendency to pervade or permeate.reconnaissance n.勘察：A preliminary survey to gain informationn.record n.（最高）记录：An unsurpassed measurement.thoughtful adj.深思熟虑的：Engrossed in thought;contemplative.13.2练习题13-1Many artists believe that successful imitation,far from being symptomatic of a lack of,is the first step in learning to be creative.A eleganceB resolutionC goodnessD originalityE sympathy13-2As serious as she is about the bullfight,she does not allow respect tohersense of whimsy when painting it.A inspire B provokeC suppressD attackE satisfy 13-3No one isabout Stephens;he inspires either uncritical adulation or profoundin those who work for him.陈琦G RE 填空强化36套13.2练习题9A neutral ···antipathyB infuriated ···aversionC worried ···anxietyD enthusiastic ···venerationE apprehensive ···consternation13-4Before about 1960,virtually all accounts of evolution assumed most adaptation tobe a product of selection at the level of populations;recent studies of evolution,however,have found nothisview of selection.A departures from ···controversialB basis for ···pervasiveC bias toward ···unchallengedD precursors of ···innovativeE criticisms of ···renowned13-5The new biological psychiatry does not deny the contributing role of psychologicalfactors in mental illnesses,but posits that these factors may act as a catalyst on existing physiological conditions and such illnesses.A disguiseB impedeC constrainD precipitateE consummate13-6During periods of social and cultural stability,many art academies are so firmlycontrolled bythat all real creative work must be done by the.A dogmatists ···disenfranchisedB managers ···reactionariesC reformers ···dissatisfiedD imposters ···academiciansE specialists ···elite13-7The First World War began in a context of jargon and verbal delicacy and continuedin a cloud ofasas language and literature,skillfully used,could make it.陈琦G RE 填空强化36套10第十三套A circumlocution ···literalB cliché···lucidC euphemism ···impenetrableD particularity ···deliberateE subjectivity ···enthralling13-8Because no comprehensive exist regarding personal reading practices,we donot know,for example,the greatest number of books read in an individual lifetime.A records B instincts C remedies D proposals E commercials13-9In our corporation there is abetween male and femalebecause 73per-cent of the men and 34percent of the women polled believe that our company provides equal compensation to men and women.A contrast ···stereotypes B difference ···perceptionsC variation ···salariesD resemblance ···employeesE similarity ···aspirations13-10The wonder of De Quincey is that although opium dominated his life,it neverhim;indeed,he turned its use to when he published the story of its influencein the London Magazine.A overcame ···altruismB intimidated ···triumphC distressed ···pleasureD conquered ···gainE released ···necessity13-11The reduction of noise has beenin terms ofits sources,but the al-ternative of canceling noise out by adding sound with the opposite wave pattern may be more useful in practice.陈琦G RE 填空强化36套13.2练习题11A justified ···diffusingB accomplished ···trackingC conceived ···concealingD explained ···isolatingE approached ···eliminating13-12While Parker is very outspoken on issues she cares about,she is not;sheconcedes the of opposing arguments when they expose weaknesses inherent in herown.A fickle ···validityB arrogant ···restraintC fanatical ···strengthD congenial ···incompatibilityE unyielding ···speciousness13-13Hampshire’s assertions,far from showing that we canthe ancient puzzlesabout objectivity,reveal the issue to be even more than we had thought.A adapt ···pressingB dismiss ···relevantC rediscover ···unconventionalD admire ···elusiveE appreciate ···interesting13-14Usually the first to spot data that were inconsistent with other findings,in thisparticular experiments she let a number of results slip by.A inaccurateB verifiableC redundantD salientE anomalous13-15Psychology has slowly evolved into anscientific discipline that now func-tions autonomously with the same privileges and responsibilities as other sciences.陈琦G RE 填空强化36套12第十三套A independentB unusualC outmodedD uncontrolledE inactive13-16A major goal of law,to deter potential criminals by punishing wrongdoers,is notserved when the penalty is so seldom invoked that it to be athreat.A tends ···seriousB appears ···realC ceases ···credibleD fails ···deceptiveE seems ···coercive13-17When people are happy,they tend to giveinterpretations of events theywitness:the eye of the beholder is by the emotions of the beholder.A charitable ···coloredB elaborate ···disquietedC conscientious ···deceivedD vague ···sharpenedE coherent ···confused13-18Even those who disagreed with Carmen’s views rarely faulted her for expressingthem,for the positions she took were as as they were controversial.A complicatedB politicalC subjectiveD commonplaceE thoughtful13-19New research on technology and public policy focuses on how seeminglydesign features,generally overlooked in most analyses of public works projects or indus-trial machinery,actuallysocial choices of profound significance.陈琦G RE 填空强化36套13.2练习题13A insignificant ···maskB inexpensive ···produceC innovative ···representD ingenious ···permitE inopportune ···hasten13-20Paradoxically,Robinson’s excessive denials of the worth of early works of sciencefiction suggest that she has become quite them.A reflective aboutB enamored ofC skeptical ofD encouraged byE offended by13-21Cezanne’s delicate watercolor sketches often served asof a subject,a wayof gathering fuller knowledge before the artist’s final engagement of the subject in an oilpainting.A an abstractionB an enhancementC a synthesisD a reconnaissanceE a transcription陈琦G RE 填空强化36套第十四套14.1核心词汇表《新GRE 核心词汇考法精析》收录单词（共41词）advocate beneficent claimcompromise content credit decorum disinterested eccentric enigma enthusiasm errant fabricate figurative flaccid flag flexiblefragilefrictiongrudge halfhearted imperious impudent inherent lethargic malevolent military paradox playful pristineriveting salvage scruplesedentary substitutesubtle superfluous suspendtacittouttreacherous基础单词补充（共24词）admire v.tr.称赞：To have a high opinion of;esteem or respect.allusive adj.间接指出的：Containing or characterized by indirect references.beneficial adj.有利的：Producing or promoting a favorable result;advantageous.caste n.等级制度：A social system or the principle of grading society based on socialclasses separated from others by distinctions of hereditary rank,profession,or wealth.conflict n.（观点上的）冲突：A state of disharmony between incompatible or antitheticalpersons,ideas,or interests;a clash.criticize v.tr.批评：To judge the merits and faults of;analyze and evaluate.crossfire n.激烈的讨论：Rapid,heated discussion.dominate v.tr.支配：To control,govern,or rule by superior authority or power.efficacy n.效力：Power or capacity to produce a desired effect;effectiveness.14陈琦G RE 填空强化36套14.2练习题15enhance v.tr.加强：To make greater,as in value,beauty,or reputation;augment.friendly adj.友好的：Of,relating to,or befitting a person whom one knows,likes,andtrusts.incompatible adj.不相容的：Incapable of associating or blending or of being associatedor blended because of disharmony,incongruity,or antagonism.intact adj.完整无缺的：Remaining sound,entire,or uninjured;not impaired in any way.literal adj.字面意思的：Avoiding exaggeration,metaphor,or embellishment;factual;pro-saic.mask v.tr.掩盖：To make indistinct or blurred to the senses.mobility n.（人员的）流动：The movement of people,as from one social group,class,orlevel to another.practice n.习惯：A habitual or customary action or way of doing something.procure v.tr.采购：To get by special effort;obtain or acquire.translate v.tr.翻译：To render in another language.underrate v.tr.低估：To rate too low;underestimate.unfetter v.tr.使自由：To set free or keep free from restrictions or bonds.unrealistic adj.脱离现实的：Not compatible with reality or fact;unreasonably idealistic.utilize v.tr.利用：To put to use,especially to find a profitable or practical use for.well-fed adj.吃太好的：Adequately or properly nourished.14.2练习题14-1Though it would beto expect Barnard to have worked out all of the limita-tions of his experiment,he must be for his neglect of quantitative analysis.A unjust ···pardonedB impudent ···dismissedC unrealistic ···criticizedD pointless ···examinedE inexcusable ···recognized14-2The hierarchy of medical occupations is in many ways asystem;its strataremain and the practitioners in them have very little vertical mobility.陈琦G RE 填空强化36套16第十四套A health ···skilledB delivery ···basicC regimental ···flexibleD training ···inferiorE caste ···intact14-3Noting the murder victim’s flaccid musculature and pearlike figure,she deducedthat the unfortunate fellow had earned his living in some occupation.A treacherousB prestigiousC ill-payingD illegitimateE sedentary14-4In Germany her startling powers as a novelist are widely,but she is almostunknown in the English-speaking world because of the difficulties ofher eccentricprose.A ignored ···editingB admired ···translatingC espoused ···revealingD obscured ···comprehendingE dispersed ···transcribing14-5Liberty is not easy,but far better to be anfox,hungry and threatened on itshill,than acanary,safe and secure in its cage.A unfriendly ···fragileB aging ···youngC angry ···contentD imperious ···lethargicE unfettered ···well-fed14-6Remelting old metal cans rather than making primary aluminum from bauxite oreshipped from overseas saves producers millions of dollars inand production costs.陈琦G RE 填空强化36套14.2练习题17A distributionB salvageC storageD procurementE research14-7Johnson never to ignore the standards of decent conduct mandated by com-pany policy if compliance with instructions from his superiors enabled him to do so,whatever the effects on his subordinates.A deigned ···tacitB attempted ···halfheartedC intended ···directD scrupled ···literalE wished ···feigned14-8Although the feeding activities of whales and walruses give the seafloor of theBering Shelf a devastated appearance,these activities seem to be actuallyto the area,its productivity.A destructive ···counterbalancingB rehabilitative ···diminishingC beneficial ···enhancingD detrimental ···redirectingE superfluous ···encumbering14-9In an age without radio or recordings,an ageby print,fiction gained itsgreatest ascendancy.A decimatedB denigratedC dominatedD emphasizedE resurrected14-10Scientists’pristine reputation as devotees of the disinterested pursuit of truth has beenby recent evidence that some scientists have deliberatelyexperimentalresults to further their own careers.陈琦G RE 填空强化36套18第十四套A reinforced ···publishedB validated ···suppressedC exterminated ···replicatedD compromised ···fabricatedE resuscitated ···challenged14-11Although Johnson’s and Smith’s initial fascination with the fortunes of those jock-eying for power in the law firmafter a few months,the two paid sufficient attentionto determine who their lunch partners should be.A revivedB emergedC intensifiedD flaggedE persisted14-12A war,even if fought for individual liberty and democratic rights,usually re-quires that these principles be,for they arethe regimentation and disciplinenecessary for military efficiency.A espoused ···contrary toB suppressed ···fulfilled throughC suspended ···incompatible withD followed ···disruptive ofE rejected ···inherent in14-13To test theof borrowing from one field of study to enrich another,simplyinvestigate the extent to which terms from the one may,without forcing,be the other.A risk ···confused withB universality ···applied toC decorum ···illuminated byD rate ···superseded byE efficacy ···utilized by14-14The English novelist William Thackeray considered the cult of the criminal sodangerous that he criticized Dickens’Oliver Twist for making the characters in the thieves’kitchen so.陈琦G RE 填空强化36套14.2练习题19A threateningB rivetingC connivingD fearsomeE irritating14-15The discovery that,friction excluded,all bodies fall at the same rate is so simpleto state and to grasp that there is a tendency to its significance.A underrateB controlC reassessD praiseE eliminate14-16Their mutual teasing seemed,but in fact ita long-standing hostility.A aimless ···producedB friendly ···maskedC playful ···contravenedD bitter ···revealedE clever ···averted14-17Nothing that few employees showed anyfor complying with the corpo-ration’s new safety regulations,Peterson was forced to conclude that acceptance of the regulations would be,at best.A aptitude ···unavoidableB regard ···indeterminateC respect ···negotiableD patience ···imminentE enthusiasm ···grudging14-18It has been argued that politics as,whatever its transcendental claims,hasalways been the systematic organization of common hatreds.陈琦G RE 填空强化36套20第十四套A a theoryB an idealC a practiceD a contestE an enigma14-19In many science fiction films,the opposition of good and evil is portrayed as a between technology,which is,and the errant will of a depraved intellectual.A fusion ···usefulB struggle ···dehumanizingC parallel ···unfetteredD conflict ···beneficentE similarity ···malevolent14-20Although scientists claim that the seeminglylanguage of their reports ismore precise than the figurative language of fiction,the language of science,like all lan-guage,is inherently.A ornamental ···subtleB unidimensional ···unintelligibleC symbolic ···complexD literal ···allusiveE subjective ···metaphorical14-21In recent decades the idea that Cezanne influenced Cubism has been caught inthe between art historians who credit Braque with its invention and those whoPicasso.A crossfire ···toutB interplay ···advocateC paradox ···preferD deliberation ···attributeE tussle ···substitute陈琦G RE 填空强化36套第十五套15.1核心词汇表《新GRE 核心词汇考法精析》收录单词（共43词）acute anomalous arbitrary archaic aridbarren benignbogus bombast calculated complementarycompound diminishdiversity dramatic embrace emulateenmityenthusiasm estimable euphemism formidable glide justify lethargic magnitude marginal obsolete orthodox painstaking pinpointpresage quiescentreconcile resilience revise salutary squandersuperficialtranquilitytrivialundermineversatile 基础单词补充（共27词）adventurous adj.冒险的：Hazardous;municable adj.可传达的：Readily made known.difficult adj.困难的：Hard to do or accomplish;demanding considerable effort or skill;arduous.dissipation n.浪费：Wasteful expenditure or consumption.efficacy n.效力：Power or capacity to produce a desired effect;effectiveness.emphasize v.tr.强调：To give stress to;stress.equivocal adj.不确定的：Of a doubtful or uncertain nature.failure n.失败：The condition or fact of not achieving the desired end or ends.fertile adj.肥沃的：Rich in material needed to sustain plant growth.hostile adj.怀有敌意的：Feeling or showing enmity or ill will;antagonistic.21陈琦G RE 填空强化36套22第十五套interplay n.相互作用：Reciprocal action and reaction;interaction.interpretation n.解释：The act or process of conceiving the significance of.measure v.tr.测量：To estimate by evaluation or comparison.persist v.intr.持续：To continue in existence;last.plentiful adj.充足的：Existing in great quantity or ample supply.precise adj.精确的：Exact,as in performance,execution,or amount;accurate or correct.prey v.intr.捕食：To hunt,catch,or eat as prey.reinforce v.tr.加强：To strengthen by adding extra support or material.restless adj.不平静：Never still or motionless.revolutionary adj.革命性的：Bringing about or supporting a political or social revolution.subtlety n.细微：The quality or state of being difficult to understand orperceive.threaten v.tr.威胁：To express a threat against.urbanity n.举止文雅：Refinement and elegance of manner;polished courtesy.widen v.tr.intr.变宽：To make or become wide or wider.15.2练习题15-1Agronomists are increasingly worried about “desertification”,the phenomenonthat is turning many of the world’sfields and pastures intowastelands,unableto support the people living on them.A fertile ···barren B productive ···blooming C arid ···thrivingD poorest ···marginalE largest ···saturated15-2Old beliefs die hard:even when jobs became,the long-standing fear thatunemployment could return at a moment’s notice .A vacant ···perishedB easier ···changedC plentiful ···persistedD protected ···subsidedE available ···receded15-3Intellectualand flight from boredom have caused him to rush pell-mell into situations that lessspirits might hesitate to approach.陈琦G RE 填空强化36套15.2练习题23A restlessness ···adventurousB agitation ···passiveC resilience ···quiescentD tranquility ···versatileE curiosity ···lethargic15-4Science advances in spiral in that each new conceptual schemethatphenomena explained by its predecessors and adds to those explanations.A a discontinuous ···decries B a repetitive ···vitiates C a widening ···embracesD an anomalous ···capturesE an explosive ···questions15-5Politeness is not aattribute of human behavior,but rather a central virtue,one whose very existence is increasingly being by the faddish requirement to “speakone’s mind”.A superficial ···threatenedB pervasive ···undercutC worthless ···forestalledD precious ···repudiatedE trivial ···affected15-6The painting was larger than it appeared to be,for,hanging in a darkened recessof the chapel,it was by the perspective.A improvedB aggrandizedC embellishedD jeopardizedE diminished 15-7Because folk art is neither completely rejected nor accepted as an art form by arthistorians,their final evaluations of it necessarily remain.陈琦G RE 填空强化36套24第十五套A arbitraryB estimableC orthodoxD unspokenE equivocal15-8Because it is to all the business costs related to employee discontent,an accurate estimate of the magnitude of these costs is not easily calculated.A difficult ···measureB impossible ···justifyC improper ···overlookD useless ···discoverE necessary ···pinpoint15-9Consider the universal cannibalism of the sea,all of whose creaturesoneanother.A hide from B ferret out C prey on D glide among E compete against15-10How could words,confined as they individually are to certain meaningsspecified in a dictionary,eventually come,when combined in groups,to create obscurity and actually to prevent thought from being ?A indefinite ···articulatedB conventional ···conceivableC unlikely ···classifiedD archaic ···expressedE precise ···communicable15-11Even though they tended to bestrangers,fifteenth-century Europeans didnot automatically associateand danger.陈琦G RE 填空强化36套15.2练习题25A trusting of ···diversityB haughty with ···nonconformityC interested in ···enmityD antagonistic to ···rudenessE hostile to ···foreignness15-12The modern age is a permissive one in which things can be said explicitly,but theold tradition of dies hard.A garrulousnessB exaggerationC excoriationD bombastE euphemism15-13Although many findings of the Soviet and United States probes of Venus werecomplementary,the two sets of atmospheric results clearly could not be without amajor change of data or.A obtained ···experimentationB completed ···positionC matched ···implementationD reconciled ···interpretationE produced ···falsification15-14While it is assumed that the mechanization of work has aeffect on the livesof workers,there is evidence available to suggest that,on the contrary,mechanization has served tosome of the traditional roles of women.A salutary ···improveB dramatic ···undermineC benign ···reviseD debilitating ···weakenE revolutionary ···reinforce15-15Although economists have traditionally considered the district to be solely anagricultural one,the of the inhabitants’occupations makes such a classification ob-solete.陈琦G RE 填空强化36套26第十五套A productivityB diversityC predictabilityD profitabilityE stability15-16The author of this book overlooks or minimizes some of the problems andshortcomings in otherwise highly successful foreign industries in order to the pointson which they excel and on which we might try to emulate them.A accidentally ···exaggerate B purposely ···emphasize C occasionally ···counterbalanceD intentionally ···confuseE cleverly ···compound15-17Crosby’s colleagues have never learned,at least not in time to avoid embarrassingthemselves,that her occasional air of befuddlementa display of her formidableintelligence.A genuine ···dominatesB alert ···contradictsC acute ···precludesD bogus ···presagesE painstaking ···succeeds15-18To ensure the development and exploitation of a new technology,there must bea constantof several nevertheless distinct activities.A interplayB implementationC comprehendingD improvementE exploration15-19Some customs travel well;often,however,behavior that is considered the epitomeofat home is perceived as impossibly rude or,at the least,harmlessly bizarre abroad.。

2024年中考英语真题完全解读（湖南长沙卷）试卷总评湖南省2024年初中学业水平考试已经落下帷幕，英语采用闭卷、笔试形式。

考试时长为100分钟，卷面满分100分。

试卷包括听力理解、阅读理解、语言运用、综合技能四个部分。

命题严格参照《义务教育新课程标准》出题，难度适中，考查点全面。

试题从课程学习的总目标出发，以卷测能力，使核心素养的落地在试卷中得到充分体现。

整套试题除了听力和作文部分外，全部都是阅读。

阅读图表A篇，阅读选择B,C篇，阅读五选五，完形填空，语法填空及阅读简答总共七个语篇。

本部分共有40个小题，总分65分，其中客观选择题25个，10个客观文字题，5个主观文字题。

语篇的选取和试题设计方面来分析，本套试题有以下特点：1.重视主题语境，突出语用能力作为英语课程内容六要素之首的主题，具有联接和统领其他内容要素的作用，为语言学习和课程育人提供语境范畴。

无论什么语篇，都必须承载一定的主题意义。

本套试题阅读部分七个语篇涵盖了人与自我、人与社会、人与自然三大主题范畴的若干个子主题内容，为学生的语言运用提供了具体而真实的语境。

而且，这些语境中如“国际夏令营广告"“零食式锻炼"“中国国际搜救队的事迹"“音乐给我带来了..."等，生生活密切相关。

2.落实核心素养，强调育人价值六个阅读理解语篇从学生生活的方方面面着手，在考查学生语言运用的同时，将培养信息时代孩子的社会意识，体验学校生活，阅读书籍，锻炼健身，学习方法，人与社会和谐发展等贯穿始终，实现现代中国学生的核心素养培养，强调育人价值。

此外，语法填空话题依旧紧扣中国传统文化，内容是春节一些有象征意义的植物。

语法填空侧重在语境中检测学生对中华优秀文化的认识与理解，培养学生讲好中国故事的意识和能力。

同时，写作结合阅读表达出题；也是长沙卷采用的新出题模式。

预计后续长沙中考英语也会沿用该模式。

题型新变化2024年中考英语从120分降为100分，试卷包括听力、阅读、语言运用、读写综合四个部分，取消了难度较高的翻译题，题型与高考接轨。

阅读理解A篇（应用文）考情概览：解读近年命题思路和内容要求，统计真题考查情况。

2024年真题研析：分析命题特点，探寻常考要点，真题分类精讲。

近年真题精选：分类精选近年真题，把握命题趋势。

必备知识速记：归纳串联解题必备知识，总结易错易混点。

名校模拟探源：精选适量名校模拟题，发掘高考命题之源。

【考查要点】高考阅读理解主要从细节理解，推理判断，主旨大意，词义猜测等四方面考查考生的英语阅读理解能力。

在这四项考点中，阅读理解A篇应用文以细节理解的考查最多，是注重获取文章信息的体现，其次是推理判断。

2024年新课标I卷、II卷A篇属于应用文类，主要考查学生定位信息能力和细节理解能力，比较容易拿分。

它们是学生可能参与的真实项目，应用性特别突出。

2024年新课标I卷A篇主题意境为人与社会，文本是一篇应用文，介绍了一个生物栖息地修复工作队的工作内容和招募志愿者的相关信息和要求; 2024年新课标II卷A篇主题意境为人与自然，文本是一篇应用文，主要介绍了The CarlowAutumn WalkingFestival 的四种徒步活动。

2023年新课标I卷A篇属于广告信息类，主题是绿色骑行; 2023年II卷A篇讲述介绍了黄石国家公园提供的几项护林员项目。

【课标链接】依据新课程标准阅读理解部分要求考生读懂选自英语原版书籍、书报和杂志（含网络版）中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。

英语科试卷对接高中英语课程标准要求，阅读理解主要通过语篇情境，在考查阅读能力的同时渗透对文化意识和思维品质的培养。

涉及“人与自我”“人与社会”“人与自然”三大主题语境，符合课程标准提出的通过主题语境考查英语理解能力的要求。

高考阅读理解主要从细节理解，推理判断，主旨大意，词义猜测等四方面考查考生的英语阅读理解能力。

在这四项考点中，阅读理解A篇应用文以细节理解的考查最多，主要考查学生定位信息能力和细节理解能力；注重获取文章信息的体现，其次是推理判断。

2024年高考英语真题完全解读（全国甲卷）适用省份四川、西藏、陕西、青海、宁夏、内蒙古养成良好的答题习惯，是决定成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

听力段落话题轮数词数用时语速Text 1 去新餐厅吃饭 1.5 32 11"175词/分Text 2 确定课堂展示时间 1 3312"165词/分Text 3 更正茶几尺寸 1.5 5419"171词/分Text 4 买衣服 1.5 4016"150词/分Text 5 搬家 1.5 38 13”175词/分Text 6 上大学前的焦虑 3 72 26"166词/分Text 7 采访鸟类专家 2 120 49"147词/分Text 8 讨论成长经历 4 147 56”158词/分Text 9 采访航天员 3.5 139 59"141词分Text 10 学校装扮日177 107"159词/分语篇话题体裁词数难度应用文221 + 91 =312易阅读理解A 人与社会：介绍了集表演、艺术展览、艺术制作等活动为一体的艺术节阅读理解B 人与自然：介绍了猫通过叫声、嗅觉和带回说明文303 + 124= 427易礼物来表达需求、评估环境和展示爱意。

说明文276 + 111= 387中阅读理解C 人与社会：为乡村居民提供基本医疗检查和治疗，改善当地医疗条件阅读理解D 人与社会：阐述了不同类型的文学作品结局议论文343 + 146= 489难的特点及写作方法阅读七选五人与自我：适度饮食说明文248 + 70=318中完形填空人与自我：讲述了作者祖母的童年故事，以记叙文276中及作者从故事中得到的感悟语法填空人与自然：美国国家公园的由来说明文209中短文改错人与自我：人物故事记叙文90 中100左右中书面表达人与社会：中国交通发展看图写话（发言稿）本试卷共10页，满分150分。

2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语姓名________________ 准考证号________________全卷共12页，满分150分，考试时间120分钟。

考生注意：1. 答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔分别填写在试题卷和答题纸规定的位置上。

2. 答题时，请按照答题纸上“注意事项”的要求，在答题纸相应的位置上规范作答，在本试题卷上的作答一律无效。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A. £19.15.B. £9.18.C. £9.15.答案是C。

1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What is Kate doing?A. Boarding a flight.B. Arranging a trip.C. Seeing a friend off.【2. 此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What are the speakers talking about?A. A pop star.B. An old song.C. A radio program.3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What will the speakers do today?A. Go to an art show.B. Meet the man's aunt.C. Eat out with Mark.4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What does the man want to do?A. Cancel an order.B. Ask for a receipt.C. Reschedule a delivery.5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】When will the next train to Bedford leave?A. At 9:45.B. At 10:15.C. At 11:00.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。