非谓语动词讲解及训练
现在分词
动词的-ing形式：
动词的ing形式是非谓语动词中的一种，它由动词原形加-ing 形成。有的动词-ing形式在句中起名词作用，有的则起形容词或副词作用。所以在句中，动词的-ing形式可以担当除了谓语以外的任何成分，即：主语、表语、宾语（介词宾语和动词宾语）、定语、状语和宾语补足语（宾补）。动词-ing形式仍具有动词的若干特点，所以它又可以有自己的宾语和状语等。
一般式：动词原形+-ing 所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生
e.g. I found him lying on the ground.
完成式：having+动词的过去分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前
e.g. Do you remember having promised me that?
被动式：being+动词的过去分词或having been +动词的过去分词，表示该词的逻辑主语是动作的承受者
e.g. I can’t stand being treated like that.
否定式：在动词的-ing形式前加not 或never
e.g. I apologize for not having kept my promise.
1.作表语，相当于形容词。
1)The film is moving and interesting.
这部电影感人又有趣。
2)The news sounds encouraging.
这个消息听起来激动人心。
（起形容词作用的动词的ing 形式含有“令人……”的意思。如：amusing, astonishing, boring, exciting, inspiring, missing, promising, puzzling, surprising, tiring, embarrassing, disappointing, worrying, frightening, moving）
pleasing, etc.）
2.作定语
exciting news激动人心的消息
a tiring day 累人的一天
1) The man running over there is our chairman.
=The man who is running over there is our chairman.
这个跑过来的人是我们的主席。
2)The road joining the two villages is very wide.
=The road that joins the two villages is very wide.
连接两个村子的路非常的宽。
3)They lived in a room facing the north thirty years ago.
=They live in a room which faced the north thirty years ago.
三十年前，他们住在一个朝北的房间里。
3.宾语补足语，经常用在动词feel，hear，leave，keep，listen to，look at，notice，see，watch，etc.后作宾补，表示动作正在进行，状态正在持续。
1) When he passed the bank, he saw the thief stealing some money.
当他路过银行的时候，他看到小偷正在偷钱。
2) The parents can hear their daughter playing the piano.
这对父母可以听到他们的女儿在弹钢琴。
3) He kept me waiting for almost an hour.
他让我等了将近一个小时。
4)Don’t leave him waiting outside in the rain.
别让他在雨里等。
4.作状语：分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、伴随等等。分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。
1) The secretary worked late into the night, preparing a long speech for the president. (伴随状语) 秘书工作到深夜，为主席准备长长的演讲稿。
2) They came into the classroom, singing and dancing. (伴随状语)
她们边唱边跳走进教室。
3) Hearing the news he jumped. （时间状语）
听到这个消息他跳了起来。
4) Having studied the map, I know which way to go.（时间状语）
研究了地图之后，我知道该走哪条路了。
5) Not wanting to be late, I took a taxi there. （原因状语）
为了避免迟到，我打车去那儿的。
6) Being so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep. （原因状语）
他太生气了睡不着。
7) Being unemployed, the man hasn’t enough money to buy food.
这个男人被解雇了，没有足够的钱买食物。
8) The bus was held up by the snowstorm, thus causing the delay. (结果状语)
公交车被困在暴风雪中，耽误了时间。
9) His parents died, leaving him alone. (结果状语)
他的父母去世了，留下他一个人。
10) Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. (让步)
虽然被告知了很多次，他仍然重复同样的错误。
11) While playing the piano, she got very excited.
=When she was playing the piano, she got very excited.
她弹钢琴的时候变得非常兴奋。
12) Be careful when crossing the street.
=Be careful when you are crossing the street.
过马路的时候要小心。
注意：
(1)V-ing 所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生
1) Hearing the bad news, they couldn’t help crying.
=On hearing the bad news, they couldn’t help crying.
听到这个坏信息，他们忍不住哭了。
常用的这类动词有：arrive, close, cook, hear, leave, open, return, see etc.
(2)动词-ing所表示的动作完成之后，谓语动词所表示的动作才发生
1) Having turned off the radio, he began to go over his lessons.
=After turning off the radio, he began to go over his lessons.
他关掉了收音机，开始复习功课。
2) Having received his letter, I decided to write back.
=After receiving his letter, I decided to write back.
收到他的信，我决定回信。
(3)感官动词see, watch observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役动词have的后面的宾补用现在分词表示主动或正在进行。
1) I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.
昨天我路过她教室的时候，听到她在唱一首英语歌。
2) It’s wrong of you to leave the machine running.
你不该让机器运行。
3) The peasants had the tractor working day and night at the harvest time.
在收获季节，农民让拖拉机日夜不停的工作。
（4）动词-ing逻辑上的主语是动词-ing所表示动作的对象时，一般要用被动形式
1) The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.
松鼠很幸运，没有被抓住。
比较：He insisted on being sent to hospital.
He insisted on sending her to hospital.
如果一个及物动词作定语，既要表达进行意味，又要表达被动意味时，就用动词ing 的被动形式
2) The question being discussed is very important.
正在讨论的问题非常重要。
3) The skyscraper being built is still higher than that one the year before last.
正在修建的摩天大楼比前年盖的那个还要高。
4) Do you know the boy being punished by our teacher?
你认识那个被老师惩罚的男生吗？
（5）动词-ing形式的主动形式代替被动形式的情况
有些动词，如：want, need, require, deserve, worth等后面可以跟动词-ing的主动形式代替被动形式，表达被动意味。
1) The radio wants (needs, requires) repairing.
=The radio wants (needs, requires) to be repaired.
2) The babies want (need, require) examining.
= The babies want (need, require) to be examined.
3) The book is well worth reading again.
这本书很值得再看一遍。
4) These honest men are worth respecting and depending on.
诚实的人值得被尊敬和依赖。
(6)有时动词-ing形式之前加上物主代词或名词的所有格（还可以用宾格）来表示它逻辑上的主语，使它的意思更加完整。
1) Mary’s being late again made her teacher very angry.
玛丽又迟到了，这让她的老师非常生气。
2) Do you mind my /me smoking here?
你介意我在这里抽烟吗？
(7) 一些特殊用法：
a.allow/advise/forbid/permit doing sth.
allow/advise/forbid/permit sb. to do
b.Generally speaking --- 一般来说
Frankly speaking, --- 坦白地说
Judging from --- 根据……来判断
Considering --- 考虑到……
c.forget doing sth. 忘记已经做过某事
remember doing sth. 记得曾经做过某事
regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事
stop doing sth. 停止做一件事
try doing sth. 尝试着做某事
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事
can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁地做某事
注意比较：forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事
remember to do sth. 记住去做某事
regret to do sth. 遗憾去做某事
stop to do sth. 停下来接着做另一件事
try to do sth. 努力做某事
mean to do sth. 意欲/想/企图做某事
go on to do sth.（做完某事）接着做另一件事
can’t help to do sth.不能帮助做某事
语法练习
一、改写句子
1. It seems impossible to save money now.
=______ ______ now seems impossible.
2.When he woke up, he found he was lying in bed.
=When he woke up, he found _____ ______ in bed.
3. I would rather stay at home than go shopping with Mom.
=I _____ _______at home ______ _____shopping with Mom.
4.As soon as he arrived, my father hugged Albert and tried to give him courage
= _____ _____, my father hugged Albert and tried to give him courage.
5.If time permits, I’ll attend your wedding ceremony.
=_______ _______, I’ll attend your wedding ceremony.
一、改写句子
1. Saving money
2. himself lying
3. prefer staying; to going
4. upon arrival
5. Time permitting
二、单项选择
1. She insisted ____ to Miami for her summer vacation though it would cost much money.
A. on taking
B. o n being taken
C. to take
D. to be taken
2. He sent me an E-mail, _____to get further information.
A. hoped
B. hoping
C. to hope
D. hope
3. ---Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day?
---______enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.
A. Get
B. getting
C. To get
D. To be getting
4. The headmaster hurried to the concert hall，only _____ the speaker ____.
A. t find; left
B. finding; leaving
C. finding; left
D.to find; gone
5. As I will be away for at least a year. I’d appreciate _____from you now and then _____me how everyone is getting along.
A. hearing; tell
B. to hear; tell
C. hearing; telling
D. to hear; to tell
6. _____in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
A. To wait
B. Have waited
C. Having waited
D. To have waited
7. The job is _____to me because I have little experience. However, it is also______.
A. challenging; rewarding
B. challenged; rewarded
C. challenging; rewarded
D. challenged; rewarding
8. _____comfortably in a chair, he was completely lost in a magazine.
A. To sit
B. Sat
C. Sitting
D. having sit
9. ---I’ve never seen anyone run so fast
---_____David go.
A. just watch
B. just to watch
C. just watching
D. just having watched
10. ______ with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
A. Compare
B. When comparing
C. Comparing
D. When compared
11. It is said that the Olympic Games_____ in Beijing in 2008 covered more events than any other Olympics had done.
A. holding
B. to be held
C. held
D. to be holding
12. In the face of the big fire in October in California, many people in the fire-stricken areas moved out _________.
A. to escape burning
B. to escape being burned
C. escaping burned
D. escaping from burning
13. The great hall was crowded with many people, _____ many children ____ on their parents’laps.
A. i ncluding; seated
B. including; seating
C. included; sat
D. included; sitting
14. ______ for a long time, most of the crops in this area died from lacking water.
A. Being no rain
B. There was no rain
C. To be no rain
D. T here being no rain
15. Taking this medicine, if _______, will of course do good to his health.
A. continued
B. to continue
C. continues
D. continuing
16. The little boy still needs the _____ 20 dollars to do with some things ______.
A. remaining, remained to be settled
B. remaining, remaining to be settled
C. remained, remained to settle
D. remained, remaining to settle
17. _______ his age, the little boy read very well.
A. Considering
B. Considered
C. Consider
D. Having considered
18. His letter, ______ to the wrong number, reached me late.
A. having been addressed
B. to have addressed
C. to have been addressed
D. being addressed
19. There are lots of places of interest ______ in our city.
A. needs repairing
B. needing repaired
C. needed repairing
D. needing to be repaired
20. --- What caused the party to be put off?
--- ______ the invitations.
A. Tom delayed sending
B. Tom’s delaying sending
C. Tom delaying to send
D. Tom delayed to send
21. Standing on the top of the hill, I would not to do anything but________ the flowing of the smog around me.
A. enjoy
B. enjoying
C. enjoyed
D. to enjoy
22. --- Is Tom a good talker?
--- No, he never speaks to me other than ____ something.
A. ask for
B. to ask for
C. asked for
D. asking for
23. I can’t get my car _________ on cold mornings, so I have to try ____ the radiator with some hot water.
A. run; to fill
B. r unning; filling
C. running; to fill
D. ran; filling
24. The drunken husband knocked against the table and sent the bowls ______ in all directions before he was sent ________ by his wife.
A. flying; to sleep
B. flying; sleeping
C. to fly; to sleeping
D. to fly; to sleep
25. When we got back from the cinema, we found the lamp ____ but the door _____.
A. being on; shut
B. burning; shutting
C. burning; shut
D. on; shutting
26. We found the students seated at tables and had their eyes______ on the scene of the launch of Shenzhou V spaceship.
A. fixed
B. fix
C. fixing
D. to fix
27. A doctor can expect _____ at any hour of the day or night.
A. calling
B. to call
C. being called
D. to be called
28. The boy often gives a satisfactory answer to the teacher’s question, ______ just a minute. So he’s usually the teacher’s pet.
A. thought
B. having thought
C. and to think
D. thinking
29. The policeman came up to the only house with the door _____, ____ there for a while and then entered it.
A. open; to stand
B. opening; stood
C. open; stood
D. opened; standing
30. Mr. Smith was much surprised to find the watch he had had ____ was nowhere to be seen.
A. repairing
B. it repaired
C. repaired
D. to be repaired
语法精讲
动词的-ed形式（过去分词）
一、构成和用法
1、过去分词是动词非谓语形式的一种（v-ed），在句中作状语、定语、表语、宾语补足语。例如：
1）作状语：Interested in the stories (＝as they were interested in her stories), they gave Tracy Wong $15,000 advance. 因为对她的小说感兴趣，他们预付了Tracy Wong一万五千美元。The boy sat at the table buried in his lessons (＝and (he) was buried in his lessons). 那位男孩坐在桌前，埋头做功课。
2）作定语：The first mammal cloned from an adult cell（＝that was / had been cloned from an adult cell）was Dolly the sheep. 第一个用成年细胞克隆的哺乳动物是克隆羊多莉。
The name mentioned in the letter（＝which was mentioned in the letter）was unknown to me. 信里提到的名字我不熟。
3）作表语：We were surprised to find that the window was broken. 窗子破了。
4）作宾语补足语：He found it hard to make himself understood. 他发现很难使自己被理解。问题：由上例（斜体部分）你能看出过去分词有什么特点？
结论：a）过去分词（常常）表示“被动”含义。
b）作状语和定语时，多数是由相应的从句转化而来。
2、下面的例子中过去分词不表示被动：
The ground is covered with fallen leaves. 地上铺满了落叶。
At present China is still less developed than most of western countries. 目前中国还没有多数西方国家发达。
Eating boiled eggs will do you good. 吃煮鸡蛋对你的身体有好处。
问题：斜体部分的动词有什么共同点？
结论：fall（掉，落下），develop（发展），boil（煮）等动词在上例中是不及物动词，不及物动词是不能表示被动的，它们的过去分词形式只表示“完成”、“过去”。
3、过去分词的否定（not，never等）要放在过去分词前面。如：
Not given enough time, I had to give up halfway. 由于没有给我足够的时间，我只得中途放弃。
4、修饰分词的副词一般置于分词的前面。如：
Greatly encouraged by the story, we are determined to do our best for the country. 在这个故事的鼓舞下，我们决心全心全意为祖国服务。
5、过去分词还可以与其它词组成合成形容词。
1）副词＋过去分词：well-educated（受过良好教育的），ill-treated（受到恶劣对待的），overused （被滥用的），homemade（家制的）
2）名词＋过去分词：hand-made（手工制作的），man-made（人造的）
3）另外还有，形容词（或名词）＋名词＋ed的形式：Kind-hearted（心地善良的），absent-minded （心不在焉的），warm-blooded（温血的）
二、形容词化的过去分词与现在分词
有些动词的过去分词和现在分词已经变成了形容词，这类动词的往往与人的心理感受有关，如：
amaze（使吃惊）—amazed—amazing; excite（使兴奋）—excited—exciting, please（使满意）—pleased—pleasing, thrill（使紧张）—thrilled—thrilling等。这类过去分词表示：
①“感到……的（having the feeling of ）”，表示人的感受，例如：
The public was shocked at his intention to clone a human. 公众对他克隆人的意图感到震惊。The disappointed parents gave a wry smile.（感到）失望的父母苦笑了笑。
②流露出……的（showing the feeling of），用来形容人的“表情、眼神”等，常修饰象look, expression, eye等名词，如：
The audience wore a bored look on their faces. 听众脸上挂着厌烦的表情。
现在分词则表示“令人（感到）……的（giving the feeling of），主要修饰表示事物的名词，但也不尽然。如：
The result is disappointing. 结果令人失望。
They rejoiced at the exciting news. 他们对这令人兴奋的消息欣喜若狂。
试比较：
the disappointed boy（感到）失望的男孩（意思是说这个男孩感到失望）
the disappointing boy 令人失望的男孩（意思是说这个男孩令人失望）
因此，在特定的语境中要多加推敲。
三、图解分词（分词各种形式的比较）
在多数情况下，现在分词表示“主动”、“进行”的含义；
过去分词表示“被动”、“完成”的含义；
如果是“被动”但又是“进行”，那么就用“现在分词的被动式”，“现在分词的被动式”一般用作定语。
如果是“主动”但又是“完成”，那么就用“现在分词的完成式”，“现在分词的完成式”用作状语。
现在分词的被动式the bridge being built 正在（被）兴建的桥
主动＋进行＝现在分词the workers building the bridge 正在建桥的工人
被动＋完成＝过去分词the bridge built 已（被）建成的桥
现在分词的完成式Having built the bridge, the workers were allowed some days’leave. 建完了桥后，……
单选
1. What did the librarian _____ out of the library?
A. permit to take
B. forbid to be taken
C. allow to take
D. insist being taken
2. ---- Mum, why do you give me so much popcorn?
---- _____ the boring time.
A. Kill
B. Killing
C. To kill
D. Having killed
3. What Yang Liwei wanted to do when he got out of the spaceship was _____ the joy with all the Chinese.
A. s hare
B. shared
C. having shared
D. about to share
4. When she was alone at home, Mary needed a friend ______.
A. playing with
B. having played with
C. with whom to play with
D. with whom to play
5. _____ the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree _____ out of life.
A. S eeing; frightened
B. Seeing; frightening
C. Seen; frightened
D. To see; frightening
6. Could you give me a hand ______ from a car, please?
A. to carry the shopping
B. for carrying the shopping
C. and carrying shopping
D. carrying the shopping
7. Every minute must be made full use of ______ our lessons, for the college entrance examination is coming.
A. going over
B. to go over
C. go over
D. our going over
8. Who did the teacher have ______ an article for the wall newspaper just now?
A. written
B. writing
C. w rite
D. to write
9. ______ a boy of ten, he started working to support himself.
A. Being
B. When still
C. Because of
D. While
10. It is worth much______ is worth doing.
A. doing it
B. what to do
C. do what
D. to do what
11. There is always the chance ______ the weak ____ the strong.
A. of, defeating
B. about, defeating
C. of, winning
D. of, to defeat
12. She is looking forward as much to his return as he himself to ____ her.
A. have seen
B. seeing
C. see
D. be seen
13. There are ten waiting rooms at the newly-built station, _____ in all 20,000 people.
A. seating
B. seated
C. sitting
D. to seating
14. “If ,”he added, “_____ enough time, I would certainly have done it better.”
A. to give
B. I was given
C. given
D. to be given
15. ---- Can’t you take a few days off from work to go with me to New York?
---- Sure. _____ my way and I will be glad to.
A.Pay
B. If you pay
C. To pay
D. Paying
16. ______ the answer, Tom, who asked the question, still stood with his hand ______.
A. Giving; raised
B. Given; raised
C. Given; risen
D. Giving; rising
17.---- Shall we go swimming?---- Ok, I’ll just go and get _______.
A. to change
B. myself changed
C. changed
D. to be changed
18. ---- Would you do me a favor?
---- I regret ______ I am busy just now.
A. to say
B. saying
C. having said
D. to have said
19. I have no one _____ me, for I am a new comer here.
A. help
B. helping
C. to help
D. to have helped
20. The building ____ in our school is for us teachers. Though there’s noise most of the day, we still feel happy about it.
A. built
B. having been built
C. to be built
D. being built
21. There’s ____ what the weather will be like tomorrow.
A. no knowing
B. not known
C. not knowing
D. no known
22. ---- You ___ part in the party on time.
---- Sorry, I was delay by the accident.
A. are to take
B. have supposed to take
C. were to have taken
D. supposed to take
23. _____ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain doesn’t seem high at all.
A. When compared
B. To compare
C. While comparing
D. It compared
24. _____ in her best suit, the girl tried to make herself ____ at the party.
A. Dressed; noticed
B. Dressing; noticing
C. Dressed; noticing
D. Dressing; noticing
25. The matter ____ your study surely requires ____ carefully.
A. relating to; dealing with
B. related to; dealt with
C. related to; being dealt with
D. relating to; having dealt with
26. Everything ___ into consideration, they believed themselves more and returned to their positions.
A. to take
B. taken
C. to be taken
D. taking
27. ---- What do you think of the plan?
---- It’s easier said than _____.
A. carried out
B. carrying out
C. carry out
D. to carry out
28. Many businessmen attended the Boao Forum (博鳌论坛) because they knew what ____ from the forum.
A. to get
B. to be got
C. got
D. getting
29. There was a famous person at the party whom everyone would like ____to themselves.
A. to introduce
B. to be introduced
C. introducing
D. being introduced
30. ---- Were you at home last Sunday?
---- Yeah! I devoted the whole day to _____ the English grammar.
A.review
B. r eviewing
C. be reviewed
D. being reviewed
31. Prices of daily goods ______ through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A. are bought
B. b ought
C. been bought
D. buying
32. ____, John returned to school from his hometown.
A. T he summer vocation being over
B. The summer vocation is over
C. Because the summer vocation over
D. After the summer vocation being over
33. ____ she can’t come, who will do the work?
A. Supposed
B. Supposing
C. Having supposed
D. Being supposed
34. ---- Is there anything you want from town?
---- No, thank you. But I would like to get ______.
A. those letters mailed
B. mailed letters
C. to mail those letters
D. those letters mail
35. After the guests left, she spent as much time as she could ____ the rooms.
A. tidy up
B. to clear away
C. clear away
D. tidying up
36. _____ it or not, this dictionary has shocked everyone in scientific circles.
A. B elieve
B. To believe
C. Believing
D. Believed
37.To tell you the truth, I’d rather read than watch TV; the programs seem _____ all the time.
A. to get worse
B. to be getting worse
C. to have got worse
D. getting worse
38. After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on education, with girls as well as boys _____ to go to school.
A. to be encouraged
B. encouraging
C. encouraged
D. be encouraged
39. Everyone had an application form in his hand, but no one knew which office ____.
A. to send it to
B. to send it
C. to be sent to
D. to have it sent
40. The foreign tourists have visited many scenic spots in Shanghai, _____ as interpreter.
A. the guide acts
B. t he guide acting
C. acting
D. acted
41. Linda is thought to ________ in Africa, but I really don’t know what country she is working in.
A. have worked
B. work
C. be working
D. be worked
42. _____ time and labor, cartoonists generally draw the hands of their characters with only 3 fingers and a thumb.
A. To save
B. Saved
C. Saving
D. Having saved
43. ____ money if you can and many poor children in the poor mountainous areas will be able to go back to school.
A. Having given
B. Given
C. To give
D. Give
44. Whatever trouble Mr. White had ____ with the case, he would stick to his own opinion.
A. deal
B. to deal
C. dealt
D. dealing
45. _____ the distance was too long and the time was too short, we decided not to drive to Florida.
A. Discovering
B. To discover
C. To have discovered
D. Discovered
46. What surprised me most was that there appeared a ____ look on her face on hearing the unexpected news.
A. worrying
B. worried
C. worry
D. worries
47. If you go to the West Lake in Hangzhou, you will find it more attractive than commonly _______.
A. supposing
B. to suppose
C. s upposed
D. being supposed
48. ---- Haven’t you seen the sign, ____ “NO PHOTOS”?
---- I’m really sorry I didn’t.
A. reads
B. to read
C. read
D. reading
49. ____ nice and delicious, the fried chicken was soon sold out.
A. Tasted
B. Being tasted
C. Tasti ng
D. To taste
50. ----The plan is heard _______ so well that we don’t have to make any changes.
----It is indeed.
A. to design
B. designing
C. d esigned
D. design
51—55 ADCBA 56—60 BCABB
51. The woman found it no good ____ her daughter too much money.
A. giving
B. being given
C. given
D. gave
52. Her dress has become loose. She appears ____ weight.
A. to lose
B. being lost
C. losing
D. to have lost
53. I find these problems are easy ____.
A. to be worked out
B. to work them out
C. to work out
D. to be worked them out
54. The purpose of new drugs used on patients is to make them less painful, ____ them more terrible.
A. not make
B. not to make
C. not making
D. do not make
55. ----I would like to buy an expensive camera.
----Well. We have several models ____.
A.to choose from
B. of choice
C. to be chosen
D. for choosing
56. Tigers _____ meat-eating animals _____ meat.
A. belonged to ; fed on
B. b elonging to ; feed on
C. were belonged to ; feed on
D. belonging to ; feeding on
57. ----Is it _____ the bad smell that is difficult?----Of course.
A. how getting rid of
B. got rid of
C. t o get rid of
D. being got rid of
58. Never ______ off your coat ; it’s rather cold outside.
A. take
B. taking
C. to take
D. taken
59. You have no business______ to me the way you did yesterday.
A about talking B. talking C. talked D. on talking
60. We must treasure every minute because______ time is ______forever.
A. lost; losing
B. lost; lost
C. losing; losing
D. losing; lost
过去分词在句中不可以作谓语，它相当于形容词和副词，在句中可作表语、宾语、状语、补足语等。 过去分词作表语 Never touch an electric wire when it is broken He is gone You are mistaken 过去分词作定语 The child gave a cry and with outstretched arms ran forward 那孩子叫了一声，伸开双臂向前跑去 Her job was to take care of the wounded solder ? 用作宾语的过去分词多用于表示已完成的动作，但是有时它所表示的动作却尚未完成或有待于将来完成 The workers demand increased wages 工人们要求加薪 过去分词用作定语亦可放在其所修饰的名词后面，其常具有暂时性，其动词的性质较强。 He wants his eggs fired (尚未炸好的。Fried eggs 则译为炸好的鸡蛋带有永久性） He himself took all the letters written to the post 他亲自将写好的信付邮（written = that he had written , written letter 则译为书写的信，非打字的信件） 过去分词短语用作定语时，一般皆置于所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句 The ship battered by the storm crept into the harbour 被暴风雨击打的那只船慢慢的驶入港口 过去分词短语亦可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号 Some of them , born and brought up in rural villages, had never seen a train 他们中有些生长在农村，从为见过火车。 过去分词作这状语 过去分词从表面意义角度也可以用作状语表时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况。 Heated , the metal expand (表时间） Born and bred in the countryside,he was bewildered by the big city 他们生长在乡下，对这大城市感到迷惑（表原因) Mocked by everyone ,he had my sympathy(表让步）、 The lichens came borne by storms这地衣是由暴风雨带来的（表伴随） Seed catalogues are comprehensive , lavishly illustrated in colour 种子的目录册很全，用彩图表示的（表方式） 过去分词用作补语 用作宾语补语，其前的谓语动词多是感官动词和使役动词 He heard chain and bolts with drawn 他听见门上的链和栓被拉开了 She found the house renovated她发现房子已经修过了
过去分词的用法 一、构成：规则动词的过去分词是有动词原形+ed构成的，不规则动词则有各自构成。 二、基本特点：过去分词在句子中的基本用法有两点：1.与逻辑主语之间是被动关系 2.表示完成的动作 三、过去分词的用法： 1.作表语：过去分词作表语时，一般同时具备被动与完成的含义 例如：（1）The cup is broken.（2）He is retired. （3）After running,he is tired. 【注意】过去分词作表语时，已经变成形容词性质，主要表示主语的状态（被动完成）,而被动语态则表示动作. 例如：(1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作) （2）The cup is now broken. 茶杯碎了.(过去分词作表语,表示状态) 【注意】有些动词如interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,表示“感到……” 用-ing 形式来修饰物，表示“令人……” 例如：The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣. 2.做定语 作定语用的过去分词其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成. 1）单一过去分词作定语,常置于其所修饰的名词之前，称作前置定语。 例如：We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况. 2）过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,相当于一个定语从句,称作后置定语。 例如：The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功. 3）过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号. 例如：The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 4）用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以修饰与人有关的表情，面貌，举止行为以及感觉等，这时不能用v-ing形式例如：The boy looked up with a pleased expression. His satisfied look showed that he had passed this exam. 3.作状语 作状语的过去分词在句子中多表示被动和完成两重含义。 1）时间状语：A.当和谓语动词动作同时发生时，一般仅表示被动,可以用when从句代替。 例如：Faced with difficulties,we shouldn’t withdraw for any excuse. B.当表示动作发生在谓语动词之前时，通常既表被动又表完成，可用after从句代替，也可用现在分词的被动完成形式代替。 例如：Caught by the police,the thief lay on the ground,crying and shouting. 2）原因状语：过去分词所表示的动作多有被动和完成两重含义。 例如：Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好. Welcomed by all the students,we expressed own true thanks to them.被全体同学欢迎，我们表达真挚的感激【注意】有些过去分词因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而表主动.这样的过去分词及短语常见的有: lost (迷路); seated (坐); hidden (躲); stationed (驻扎); lost / absorbed in (沉溺于); born (出身于); dressed in (穿着); tired of (厌烦). 等，这种结构可以改写成一个because引导的主系表结构句子。 例如：Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音. Tired of the noise,he decided to move to the country.因厌倦了噪音，他决定搬到农村去。 Dressed in an orange dress,she looked more beautiful than before.穿上橘红色连衣裙，她看起来比以前更美3）条件状语：作条件状语时，一般只表被动含义。相当于if引导的条件状语从句。 例如：Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快. 4）伴随情况：表示伴随谓语动词发生的另外动作，位于主语之后，用逗号隔开，可以同时表示被动与完成， 例如：The mother ran across the street,followed by her little son. 5）结果状语：表示发生在谓语动词后的动作，位于主句后用都逗号分开，也可以同时表示被动与完成。 例如：He listened to the hero’s story,moved to tears. 【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,构成"连词+过去分词"结构作状语. 例如：When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 当你做体格检查时要保持镇定.
过去分词的用法 现在分词的七种用法 （一）作定语 1. 动词现在分词单独作定语，通常放在所修饰词前。例如： The sleep ing boy is Tom. 2. 现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面，意思同定语从句差不多。例如： Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise. = Tell the children who are play ing outside not to make too much no ise. 3. 现在分词可相当于非限制性定语，常用逗号分开。例如： Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. = Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. 4. 有时现在分词可以和副词或名词构成复合词作定语。例如： This is an En glish-speak ing coun try. （二）作表语 现在分词作表语多表示主语的特征。女口amus ing, discourag ing, puzzli ng, refreshing, astonishing, exciting 等。例如：
The story is movi ng. （三）现在分词在句中作宾语补足语，这时现在分词和前面的宾语有逻辑上的 “主表”关系或“主谓”关系。例如： We all found his equipment interesting.（主表关系） I saw Mary going upstairs then.（主谓关系） （四）作状语 现在分词作状语，其逻辑主语一般是句中的主语，如果不是，需在V-ing形式 前加名词或代词主格作逻辑主语。 1. 作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。例如： Bei ng ill, Mary did n't come to school yesterday. 2?作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句。例如： Seeing their teacher coming, the stude nts stopped talk ing. 如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生，常在现在分词前加上when 或while。例如： While wait ing for the pla ne, I had a long talk with Sim on. 3. 作条件状语。 V-ing形式作条件状语时，相当于一个条件状语从句。例如： Work ing harder, you'll be No. 1 in your class. 4. 作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句。例如： Weighi ng almost two hun dred jin, the stone was moved by him alone. 5. 作结果状语。例如： He died, leav ing no thi ng but debts. 6. 作伴随状语或方式状语。例如：
过去分词作状语 一．过去分词作状语的基本用法： 过去分词作状语主要是说明谓语动作发生的背景或条件；表示原因、时间、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。过去分词可置于主句前，也可置于主句后，用逗号与主句隔开。 1. 原因状语 Choked by the heavy smoke, he could hardly breathe. 他被浓烟呛了，几乎不能呼吸了。 Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。Frightened by the n oise in the night, the girl didn’t dare to sleep in her room. 受到夜晚响声的惊吓，那姑娘不敢睡在她的房间。 2. 时间状语 Left to itself in the room, the baby began to cry.当被孤独地留在房间里时，婴儿哭了起来。 Asked why he did it, the monitor said it was his duty. 当被问及这件事时，班长说这是他的职责。 Approached in the dark, the lights looked lonely and purposeless. 在黑暗中走近时。那些电灯显得孤单而无意义。 3. 条件状语 Seen in this aspect, the matter isn’t as serious as people generally suppose. 如果从这个角度看，问题并不像人们一般预料的那样`严重。 Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。 Given better attention, the accident could have been avoided. 要是多加注意，那次事故就能避免了。 Watered more, these cabbages could have grown better. 如果多浇点水，这些大白菜还可以长的得更好。 Compared with you, we still have a long way to go. 和你相比，我们还有很大的差距。 4. 方式或伴随状语 Surrounded by his students, the professor sat there cheerfully. 那位教授在学生的簇拥下，兴高采烈地坐在那儿。 He stood there silently, moved to tears. 他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。The old man went into the room, supported by his wife. 那位老人在妻子的搀扶下,走进了房间。 5. 让步状语 Beaten by the police and sent to jail, Gandi created the principle of nonviolent resistance. 尽管受警察的殴打，被投入监狱，甘地却首创了非暴力抵抗的原则。Defeated again, he didn’t lose heart. 尽管再次被击败，但他没有灰心。
动词过去分词及独立主格结构的用法 一、过去分词的定义及其基本形式 1．过去分词是动词的另一种非限定形式，过去分词具有动词、形容词和副词的特性，可以带宾语或受状语修饰。过去分词和宾语或状语一起构成过去分词短语。如： （1）spoken English 英语口语（过去分词具有形容词的特性，作定语） （2）Given more time, we could do it much better. =If we were given more time, we could do it much better. 多给点时间，我们会做得更好些。 （过去分词具有动词的特性，有自己的宾语more time，构成分词短语；过去分词短语在句中作状语，具有副词的特性。） 2．过去分词的基本形式 （1）规则动词的过去分词由动词＋ed构成 （2）不规则动词的过去分词须逐个记忆。 （3）不规则动词的过去分词表示完成，如： fallen leaves =leaves which have fallen落叶 （4）及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成，如： the machines used in the workshop =the machines which are used in the workshop 车间用的机器（及物动词的过去分词表示被动） I heard the door opened. =I heard the door has been opened. 我听见门被打开了。（及物动词的过去分词表示被动和完成） 二、过去分词的句法功能 过去分词是一种非谓语动词，在句中不能单独做谓语。但它具有形容词和副词的特性，故在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。
高中英语必修五Unit 3 语法学案 课前自主学习： 词汇复习：1. A tractor is a powerful motor v______ with large wheels and thick tires used for pulling farm machinery. 2. They wanted to build a new school but they couldn’t find a suitable l______ for it. 3. The story r______ me of an experience I once had. 4. Tom’s mother died two days p______ to his arrival. 5. The house is situated in very pleasant s______. 6. She was o______ about the future of the company but the rest were pessimistic. 7. The program gives students the o______ to learn more about global warming. 8. James can i______ his father’s speech perfectly. 9. An Act was passed giving the army e______ power in time of war. 10. CIA stands for Central Intelligence A______. 课堂讲解： I:动词-ed 分词形式作状语的基本用法: 动词-ed 分词形式可用作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随以及陪衬性动作等。这类状语可放在句子前面、后面、或句中，并可拓展为一个状语从句或并列分句。 1 表示时间，相当于一个________.有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。 1)Told that his mother was ill,Li Lei hurried home quickly. =When ___ ___ ____that his mother was ill,Li Lei hurried home quickly.(李蕾得知母亲生病了时，马上赶回了家。) 2)Seen from the moon, the earth looks green. =When____ _____ _____from the moon,the earth looks green.从月亮上看时，地球是绿色。 3)When he was asked what had happened, he lowered his head. =_________what had happened, he lowered his head. 2.表示原因，相当于一个____________.。 1)Greatly inspired by the teacher's words, he made up his mind to work at English even harder.=Because ______ ____ _____ ______ by the teacher's words, he made up his mind to work at English even harder。在老师的鼓励下，他决心更加努力地学习英语。 2)________ _______what he did, the teacher praised him in class. =AS_____ ____ _______ ______what he did, the teacher praised him in class.由于老师对他所做的事情很满意，于是在班上表扬了他.
过去分词用法归纳-标准化文件发布号：（9556-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII
过去分词用法归纳 Mar 7, 2011 过去分词主要表示被动，可表示发生在过去，所以叫过去分词。也可以无时间概念，只表示被动。过去分词用法：状语、定语、补语、表语。 一．状语 情况 1：表“被动”的状语从句可简化成过去分词做状语。表示条件、时间、让步的连词可保留，如if, when, although。表原因的不保留，如because 等。 1) He won’t go to the party tomorrow, if he is not invited. He won’t go to the party, if not invited. 2) When she was asked about her age, she kept silent. When asked about her age, she kept silent. 3) Once it is formed, a bad habit is hard to kick. Once formed, a bad habit is hard to kick. 进一步练习: 1) If it is seen from the mountain, the city looks more beautiful. Seen from the mountain, the city looks more beautiful. 2) If it is heated to 100 degrees Centigrade, water boils. Heated to 100 degrees Centigrade, water boils. 3) The problems, if they are not solved properly, will seriously affect the relations of nations. The problems, if not solved properly, will seriously affect the relations of nations. 4) Although he was warned of the danger, the boy still went skating on the ice. 2
高中英语过去分词用法 练习题及答案 IMB standardization office【IMB 5AB- IMBK 08- IMB 2C】
习题精选---分词用法: boy went to the ball,＿like a pretty girl. A. dressing B. wearing C. wore D. dressed 2.＿in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed 3. The film was made＿ on a true old story. A. base B. to be based C. based D. basing 4. When＿ ,the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 5.＿ to his research, he almost forgot everything. A. Devoting B. Devoted C. To devote D. Devote 6. ＿his attention on his novel, he didn’t notice the teacher coming. A. Fixed B. Fixing C. Fix D. To fix 7.＿ on his novel, he didn’t notice the teacher coming. A. Fixed B. Fixing C. Fix D. To fix old engineer talked of the difficulty they ＿ the tower. A. built B. had building C. had built D. build 9. ＿such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 10.＿ the past, our life is becoming much better. A. Comparing with B. Be compared with C. To compare with D. Compared with 11. The boy was last seen ＿near the East Lake. A. playing B. play C. played D. to play was very unhappy for ＿to the party. A. having not been invited B. not having invited C. having not invited D. not having been invited I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ＿“Sorry to miss you; will call later.” A. read B. reads C. reading D. to read
“be +过去分词”能构成被动结构，其实在现代英语口语或非正式文体中还常用另一种被动结构“get + 过去分词”。和“be + 过去分词”一样，“get + 过去分词”也能用于被动结构和系表结构，用于被动结构时，它强调动作的发生；用于系表结构时，它强调状态的变化。其用法及两者的区别从以下两个方面分述如下： 一、get被用来代替助动词be和过去分词连用，构成被动结构，表示某一事件或事故的发生，着重强调动作。 1．常见于以下两种情况： ①谈论某人或某物的客观遭遇，往往表示一种突然的、未曾料到的偶发事件或事故，如：Some glasses got broken when we were moving. 我们搬家的时候有些玻璃杯被打碎了。He got killed when he was crossing the road. 过马路时他被车撞死了。 ②谈论设法做到自己称心的事。当主语是人时，常可在get和过去分词之间插入一个反身代词，表示主语对动作的结果负有一定的责任，此时既含有被动意义，同时又含有主动意义，如： Our car gets cleaned about once every two months. 我们的车每两个月大约清洗一次。She got (herself) paid before she went on a holiday. 她在休假前（设法）领到了工资。 2．“get + 过去分词”与“be + 过去分词”在构成被动结构时的区别： ①前者多用于口语和非正式文体，而后者则可用于更多的场合。 ②前者侧重表示动作，而后者既可表动作又可表状态，有时有歧义，如： The chair got broken yesterday. 昨天这把椅子被弄坏了。（表动作） The chair was broken yesterday. 昨天这把椅子被弄坏了。（表动作）或??昨天这把椅子是坏的。（表状态） ③前者偶尔带表示动作执行者的by短语，而后者则有时带有时不带，如： My brother got hit by a stone. 我哥哥被一块石头击中了。 She got caught by the police. 她让警察给抓住了。 ④前者在表示强调，否定和疑问时需借助助动词do/does/did，而后者则不需，如： He didn’t get beaten yesterday evening. 他昨天晚上没挨打。 Did your letter get answered ? 你收到回信了吗？ ⑤前者有时既可表示被动意义，又可表示主动意义；后者则只表示单纯的被动意义，如： I got (myself) invited to lots of parties last holidays. 上次休假期间，我（设法）让人邀请参加了许多社交聚会。 I was invited to lots of parties last holidays. 上次休假期间，我应邀参加了许多社交聚会。 ⑥与助动词be相比，和get连用的过去分词仅限于少数，其中多数含有“不顺利；不愉快”之意，如： He got taught a lesson. 他被教训了一顿。 I got rained on as I was coming to work. 我来上班时遭到淋雨。 二、get作始动性连系动词，与多数都已形容词化了的过去分词连用，构成系表结构，表示状 的变化（即动作的结果），其中get表示一种状态向另一种状态过渡、变化的动作，其含义等于become； begin to be或come to be，如 1．常见于以下五种情况： ①表示使自己进入或变为某种状态，如： We don’t want any of you to get lost. 我们不想你们当中任何人迷路。
英语中过去分词的用法 过去分词的用法讲解如下： 过去分词的用法在英语语法中很是普遍。那么，如何正确的使用过去分词呢?我们来看看过去分词的用法解析，只有了解了过去分词的用法，才能正确的运用和使用它。 一、基本概念 1. 分词的定义 1.动词的-ed分词即过去分词，是由动词的过去分词构成，一般只有一种形式。 2. 过去分词的语法作用： 过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词（相当于被动语），在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。 1) 过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。如：Don’t touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的（它是被打坏的）。He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。 2) 过去分词做定语： 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面，相当于一个定语从句。如： The excited people rushed into the building. 激动的人们奔进了大楼。（excited people 被激动了的人） We need more qualified teachers. 我们需要更多合格的教师。（被资质认证过的老师，或经过资质认证的老师。）
过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面，相当于一个定语从句。如： Is there anything planned for tomorrow? 明天有什么活动吗? The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。 过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。如： The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.这些书是鲁迅写的，受到了许多中国人民的喜爱。 The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. 这次会议获得很大的成功，共有一千个学生出席了。 3) 过去分词做状语： 过去分词和-ing分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。 ①表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。如： Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 从山顶上看，这个城市就像一个大花园。 Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party. 入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业。 ②表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。如： Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other. 激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了，停止了争吵。 Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.
高二过去分词讲解与练习 1. 分词的定义：动词的-ed分词即过去分词，是由动词的过去分词构成，一般只有一种形式。 2. 过去分词的语法作用：过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或 副词，在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。 1）过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。如： Don 'touch the glass because it is broken.不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的。 He is quite pleased with the desig n of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。 2）过去分词做定语：单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面，相当于一个定语从句。 The excited people rushed into the buildi ng. 激动的人们奔进了大楼。 We n eed more qualified teachers. 我们需要更多合格的教师。 过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面，相当于一个定语从句。如： Is there anything pla nned for tomorrow? 明天有什么活动吗？ The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。如： The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people. The meet ing, atte nded by one thousa nd stude nts, was a success. 3）过去分词做状语：过去分词和-ing分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、 方式或伴随情况等。 ①表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念. 如: Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party. ②表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。如： Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelli ng with each other. En couraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle. ③表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if等词。女口：Given another chance, he will do better.再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。 Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study En glish. If heated, water can be turned into steam.水如果被加热，会变成水蒸气。 ④表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。如：Exhausted by the running, they we nt on running after the robber.尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。 Laughed at by many people, he continued his study.尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。 ⑤表方式或伴随情况。如：The old man went into the room, supported by his wife. Seated at the table, my father and I were talk ing about my job. 4）过去分词作补足语：过去分词可以在see, hear, notice, watch, find, get, have, feel, make, leave, keep等词后与一名词或代词构成复合宾语，用作宾语补语。如：When will you go to the hospital and have your tooth exami ned? 你什么时候去医院检查你的牙齿？ When you are making a speech, you should speak louder to make yourself heard.
过去分词的用法 1. 分词的定义 动词的-ed分词即过去分词，是由动词的过去分词构成，一般只有一种形式。 2. 过去分词的语法作用 过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词，在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。 3. 过去分词作表语 1)过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。如： Don’t touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的。 He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。 2)及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是被动关系，表示主语的状态，既表示被动， 又表示完成。 The cup is broken. 茶杯破了。 3)不及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是主动关系，表示主语的状态，只表示动作 的完成。 He is retired. 他已退休。 4)过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，主要是表示主语的状态，而被动 语态则表示动作。 The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。(是被动语态,表示动作) The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了。(过去分词作表语) 4. 过去分词作定语 1)单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面，相当于一个定语从句。 The excited people rushed into the building. 激动的人们奔进了大楼。 =The people who were excited rushed into the building. 2)过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面，相当于一个定语从句。 The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。 =The suggestion that was made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 3)过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。 The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.
过去分词用法归纳Mar 7, 2011 过去分词主要表示被动，可表示发生在过去，所以叫过去分词。也可以无时间概念，只表示被动。过去分词用法：状语、定语、补语、表语。 一．状语 情况1：表“被动”的状语从句可简化成过去分词做状语。表示条件、时间、让步的连词可保留，如if, when, although。表原因的不保留，如because等。 1) He won’t go to the party tomorrow, if he is not invited. He won’t go to the party, if not invited. — 2) When she was asked about her age, she kept silent. When asked about her age, she kept silent. 3) Once it is formed, a bad habit is hard to kick. Once formed, a bad habit is hard to kick. 进一步练习: 1) If it is seen from the mountain, the city looks more beautiful. Seen from the mountain, the city looks more beautiful. — 2) If it is heated to 100 degrees Centigrade, water boils. Heated to 100 degrees Centigrade, water boils. 3) The problems, if they are not solved properly, will seriously affect the relations of nations. The problems, if not solved properly, will seriously affect the relations of nations. 4) Although he was warned of the danger, the boy still went skating on the ice.